Unit 7重要语法 简单句五大基本句型学案 - 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

U7重要语法——简单句的五种基本类型 一、基本知识点： 1. 简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含___________的句子。 2. 谓语动词常见的有三类：____________、___________和_______________。 4. 及物动词是指____________________的动词，如see / hear / drink / eat等。 5. 不及物动词是指______________________的动词，如walk/ look / listen等。 二、简单句的五大基本句型： 1. 基本句型一：主谓结构（S V）=主语+谓语动词，即S+V(不及物动词) 【例】The worker | ran fast. The doctor | listened carefully. 2. 基本句型二：主谓宾结构（S V O） =主语+谓语+宾语 即S+V(及物动词)+O 【例】He | likes | playing basketball. He | plays | computer games every day. 注意： 主语Subject ：表示句子所说的是“_______”或“_______” ，也就是动作的_______。一般由_____________或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。 谓语Predicate ：说明主语“_______”、“______”或者“_______”。也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用___词。 宾语Object ：表示动作、行为的_____。也就是动作的______。一般由___________或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 3. 基本句型三：主系表结构（S V P）=主语+系动词+表语 【例】She | is | a girl. They | keep | quiet. The apple | tastes | nice. 系动词的分类： 1) 2). 系动词 3). 4). 表语predicative：表示主语___________或者_________________。 由___________________或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。 【练习】找出并判断下列句子里动词的类型： 1.White snow covers the whole earth. 2.The temperature drops below zero. 3.Bees hide away. 4.People have sweet memories of summer days. 5.The leaves fall into piles upon the ground. 6.We seldom see birds in winter. 7.People feel lazy in summer. 8.The days of spring are windy and bright. 填空并分析判断下列句子的结构类型： 1. The leaves ______ (turn) brown last month. 2. The days __________ (get) shorter now. 3. Listen! The music ______ (sound) beautiful. 4. It ________ (be) Wednesday yesterday. 5. It ________ (be) Christmas Day soon. 分析并判断下列句子的结构类型： 1. We have four seasons. 2. They are quite different. 3. Spring is warm and sunny. 4. We fly kites. 5. We like summer. 6. Ice cream tastes nice. 7. Autumn arrives. 8. Snow falls. 9. My sister works. 10. The students keep healthy 11. The fish tastes delicious. 12. The story happened on a snowy morning. 13. I am a member of the dancing club. 4. 基本句型四：主谓双宾结构（S V IO DO）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 【例】She | teaches | us | English. She | told | me | a story. 注意：这类句子中谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，即________，另一个是动作的间接承受者，即________。 一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语前。有时，间接宾语也可置于直接宾语后，此时，间接宾语前要加______或________。 1) 和to连用的可以跟双宾语的动词有：___________________________________. __________________________________. 她把她的自行车借给了我。(两种) _____________________________________________________________________ 2) 和for连用的可以跟双宾语的动词有：________________________________. __________________________________. 他为我买了一辆新自行车。(两种) _____________________________________________________________________ 【练习】分析判断句子的结构类型并进行同义句转换： 1. Zhalong gives birds an ideal home. 2. I pass him a book. 3. He bought his son a present. 5. 基本句型五：主谓宾宾补结构（S V O C）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 【例】He | told | me | to clean my room. I | saw | her | dancing. 可以用于这类句型的动词主要有： ___________________________________________________________sb. to do sth. ___________________________________________________________sb. do sth. ___________________________________________________________sb. doing sth. _________________sb. sth _________________sb./ sth. ＋ adj./ doing/ prep. 注意：没有_________________________________这种搭配！ 【练习】分析并判断下列句子的结构类型： 1. Eddie often watches Hobo work. 2. I saw him crossing the street. 3. Jay named his dog Bobby. 4. He gave Mary a present. 5. She spokes very softly . 三、如何辨析：S+V+IO+DO与S+V+DO+OC ？ 你可以分别在这两个句子结构中两种不同的句子成分之间加入系动词，逻辑合理者为_______________结构，不合理者为___________结构。 【练习】分析并判断下列句子的结构类型： 1.Lily brings me a present. 2.People call Zhalong Birds’ Home. 3.I found it important. 4.Zhalong brings the wildlife an ideal home. 5.We call the panda XiWang. 6.She thought the swan beautiful. Describe the main structures of the following sentences. 1.She laughed. 2. He bought a T-shirt. 3. Jay named his dog Bobby. 4. She looks lovely. 5. He gave Mary a present. 6. The teacher is marking the tests. 7. They thought John the best actor. 8. I find the article interesting. 9. My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. 10. I am reading an English book. 11. I can hear him singing in the next door. 12. The cat makes me happy. 13. Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular in the world. 14. We all love China. 同义句转换： Could you please make me a paper plane? Could you please_______ a paper plane_______ me? Would you please show me your new phone? Would you please_______ your new phone_______ me? 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$