2025年河南中考英语核心语法系统复习专项 主从复合句课件

2025 河南中招核心语法系统复习 专项 主从复合句 1 考点精讲 高分分层提优练 2 返回目录 3 一、定义 主从复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成，从句在复合句中充当一定成分。 初中阶段要求重点掌握宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句的用法。 返回目录 4 二、分类 1.宾语从句：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。 要素 用法 例句 引导词 从属连词that本身无词义，在从句中不作 成分，只起连接作用，在口语中that可 省略 He said （that） he would go to the seaside.他说他要去 海边。 从属连词if或whether意为“是否”，不作句 子成分，不可省略，句尾有or not时用 whether He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Zhejiang.他还没决 定是否去浙江旅行。 返回目录 5 要素 用法 例句 引导词 连接代词（what/who/whose/whom/which 等）在从句中作一定成分，如:作主语、 宾语、定语等 Do you know who he is?你知 道他是谁吗? 连接副词（where/when/why/how等）在 从句中作状语 She asked me where I bought the book.她问我在哪里买的这 本书。 续表 返回目录 6 要素 用法 例句 时态 需要性原则：主句为一般现在时，从句 根据实际情况使用所需要的时态 I don’t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时 回来。 呼应性原则：主句为一般过去时，从句 相应地用过去的某种时态 The children didn’t know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 特殊性原则：如果宾语从句表示的是客 观真理和普遍事实，则不管主句是什么 时态，从句都用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地 球围绕着太阳转。 续表 返回目录 7 要素 用法 例句 语序 陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+其他 Do you know where I can get some postcards?你知道我能从 哪里得到一些明信片吗? 续表 返回目录 2.状语从句：用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、 原因等的句子叫作状语从句。 分类 连接词 例句 时间 状语 从句 when / while/as， before，after， since，until， as soon as ①She always washes hands before she has meals.她总是 在饭前洗手。 ②He became a doctor after he graduated.他毕业后成了一 名医生。 ③My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.在我做作业时，我妈妈正在做饭。 返回目录 9 分类 连接词 例句 条件状 语从句 if，as long as， unless， in case， once ①If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we’ll go to the park.如果明天 不下雨，我们就去公园。 ②Unless it rains，the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比 赛照常进行。 ③As long as you work hard，you will make great progress. 只要你努力，你就会取得很大的进步。 ④In case we fail，we won’t lose heart.万一我们失败了，我 们也不会失去信心。 ⑤Once he makes up his mind，he will never give it up.他 一旦下定决心，就永远不会放弃。 续表 返回目录 10 分类 连接词 例句 原因状 语从句 because， since， as，for ①I didn’t go to your party because my mother was ill.因为 我妈妈生病了，所以我没有去参加你的聚会。 ②Since everyone is here，let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家 都来了，我们就开始开会吧。 ③I left a note as you were out.因为你不在，所以我留了一 张便条。 续表 返回目录 11 分类 连接词 例句 目的 状语 从句 so that，in order that ①You’d better speak louder so that/in order that we can hear you.最好说话大声一些，以便我们都能听到。 ②He gets up early in order that he can catch the first bus.=He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.他 起得很早，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。 结果 状语 从句 so that， so...that/such...t hat ①He was so tired that he couldn’t go any farther.=He was too tired to go any farther.他太累了，不能再走了。 ②We have so much time that we can finish the work on time.我们有如此多的时间，能让我们按时完成工作。 续表 返回目录 12 分类 连接词 例句 让步 状语 从句 though/although，even if/though， whatever/when ever/however... ①They are generous though they are poor.虽然他们很 穷，但他们很慷慨。 ②Although it was late，they were still working.虽然很晚 了，但他们仍在工作。 ③We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。 ④Wherever you go，I will go with you.=No matter where you go，I will go with you.无论你去哪里，我都 会和你一起去。 续表 返回目录 13 分类 连接词 例句 方式 状语 从句 as，as if/though You must do the work as your boss told you.你必须按照 你的老板告诉你的方式做这项工作。 续表 返回目录 3.定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。 （1）关系代词和关系副词的用法 关系词 用法 例句 关系 代词 which 只能指物，在从句中充当 主语或宾语。作主语时不 可省略，作宾语时可以 省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys．足球是大多数男孩 都喜欢的运动。 返回目录 15 关系词 用法 例句 关系 代词 that 可指物，也可指人，在从 句中充当主语或宾语。作 主语时不可省略，作宾语 时可以省略 ①A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一个能飞的机器。 （作主语，不可省略） ②The homework （that） I finished last night was left at home.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里 了。（作宾语，可省略） 续表 返回目录 16 关系词 用法 例句 关系 代词 who 只能指人，在从句中充当主 语或宾语。作主语时不可省 略，作宾语时可以省略 The boy who is standing over there is Tom. 站在那边的男孩是 汤姆。 whom （课标未作要求） 指人，在从句中充当宾语， 可以省略，有时也可以用 who替代 This is our English teacher whom everybody likes. 这是我们 大家都喜欢的英语老师。 whose （课标未作要求） 可指物，也可指人，在从句 中充当定语 This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.这是我 的同桌，他的父亲在一家工厂 工作。 返回目录 17 关系词 用法 例句 关系副词 （课标未作要求） when 指时间，在定语从句中作 时间状语 We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.我 们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一 起的日子。 where 指地点，在定语从句中作 地点状语 This is the classroom where we study.这是我们学习的教室。 why 指原因，在定语从句中作 原因状语 This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. 这就是我昨天没有参加会议的 原因。 返回目录 18 （2）关系代词中只能用that的情况 当先行词是all，none，little，much， some，everything，anything，nothing 等不定代词或被其修饰时 Please get everything ready that we need. 请准备好我们需要的一切。 当先行词前面有the only，the very， the last，the same等修饰时 He is the only person that I want to see. 他是我唯一想见的人。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修 饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣 的书。 返回目录 19 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the school.他们 谈论了他们在学校记得的人和事。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑 问句时，为避免重复应用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate？那个站在门口的人是谁？ 续表 返回目录 20 （3）关系代词中不能用that的情况 ①介词之后不能用that。如：This is the factory in which we once worked.这就是 我们曾经工作过的工厂。 ②当先行词本身为that/those时。如：You must find out those which may be ignored by us.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西。 返回目录 21 Ⅰ.用合适的引导词填空。 1.A friend is someone _________ says,“What!You too?I thought I was the only one!” 2.“Underground” is the only word in the English language _____ begins and ends with the letters “und”. 3.Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer _________ is popular around the world. 4.Today’s China is a country ___________ keeps to its national character. 5.Lei Feng is a great person _________ sets a good example to us. who/that that who/that which/that who/that 返回目录 22 6.—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _____ I have ever read. —Yeah，the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to reading it again. that 7.—What can we do for the left-home children _________ need help? —We could help them with their study online on weekends. who/that 8.If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing _____ can’t be achieved. 9.I can’t forget the teachers and the university _____I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories. 10.Confucius was a famous philosopher _______ wise sayings have affected many people in different countries. that that whose 返回目录 23 Ⅱ.语篇填空。（第二节） Li Tao 11._________ is fourteen years old is a student in a middle school. He was quite busy over the weekend 12.______ he and his 10 classmates made a group to call on people to take part in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign”. The 11 students went to many restaurants 13._______ they told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me，many people still haven’t got enough food to eat. Please don’t waste food.” Each year，about 690,000,000 people go hungry. At the same time，about 10% of all CO on the Earth is from the activities 14.___________produce food waste. who/that when where which/that 返回目录 24 The problem of food waste is quite serious in China. Chinese people are well-known for being generous（慷慨的）. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food 15._____ is served. All in all，reducing food waste is a big task，and it needs time. It’s important that everyone should do their part，just like Li. Do you finish your meals today? that 返回目录 25 $$