Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions Natural Disasters 自然灾害 （均可数） tornado 龙卷风；旋风 drought 旱灾；久旱 landslide 崩塌；滑坡 tsunami 海啸 flood 洪水 typhoon 台风 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 hurricane 飓风 2 pl: tornados / tornadoes [z] 2. tornado [tɔːˈneɪdəʊ] n.龙卷风；旋风 1. disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] cn.灾难；灾害；彻底失败的人或物 an air disaster 一场空难 a natural disaster 自然灾害 3. drought [draʊt] n.旱灾；久旱 dry adj.干燥的；干旱的 disastrous adj. 灾难性的 breeze 微风 dry a.干燥的—— drought n.干旱 high a.高的 —— height n.高度 see vt.看见 —— sight n.视野 think vi.想 —— thought n.想法 3 5. flood [flʌd] cn.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 a flood of = a number of 大量 flood into/in 涌入 be flooded with (某处)被...淹没;充满 4. landslide = landfall n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 slide vi.&vt. 滑行；悄悄移动 slide - slid - slid slide into ...偷偷地溜进, 不知不觉地陷入/染上； slide into bad habits 沾染坏习惯 单句语法填空 1.Thanks to social media, supplies started to flood_____from all over the country. 2. All the products in the supermarket are on sale so it is flooded______customers now. 3. The children was in a flood _____tears. into with of 4 6. tsunami [tsuːˈnɑːmi] n.海啸 volcano [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ] n.火山 pl: volcanoes / volcanos 7.volcanic eruption [vɒlˈkænɪk ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n] 火山喷发 volcanic [vɒlˈkænɪk] adj.火山的 eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n] n.爆发 erupt [ɪˈrʌpt] v.爆发；喷发 5 The typhoon will land tomorrow morning. 8.typhoon [taɪˈfuːn] n.台风 9.hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 台风将于明晨登陆。 hurry [ˈhʌri] v./n. 匆忙 台风和飓风是同一种天气现象，但是在不同的国家叫法不一样。 一般把在大西洋上生成的热带气旋，称作飓风，而把在太平洋上生成的热带气旋称作台风。 6 n. 巨大，重要性 = huge; importance magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d/ n.震级；重大 the magnitude of ...的重要性 rescue /ˈreskju:/ n.& vt.营救；救援 The soldiers rescued the man from the flood. ②come to sb.'s rescue =rescue sb. 营救某人   ①rescue worker 救援人员 a rescue team 救援队 ③rescue... from... 把…从…解救出来 When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue. rescuer n. 救援者 [例句] The policeman ________(rescue) the boy from drawning . His father came _______his rescue when his company went bankrupt.(破产的） He (rescue) from the burning building in the end. He rescued me a difficult situation. rescued to was rescued from 10. damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] vt. 损害，破坏 Un. 损坏，损失 可修复 damage one's health/fame 损害某人的健康/名誉 be badly damaged 遭受严重损害 cause / do damage to 对…造成损害/破坏 brain damage 脑损伤/肝损伤 10 11.destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] vt.摧毁；毁灭 The bridge ______________ ( destroy) by the flood yesterday. was destroyed destruction：n. 破坏、毁坏 destructive: adj. 破坏性的、造成破坏的 1. The strong earthquake left death and ___________ (destory) . 2. It is the most ___________ (destory) storm in 20 years. destruction destructive 第三人称单数：destroys 过去式：destroyed 过去分词：destroyed 现在分词：destroying 侧重“毁”，无法修复 11 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 ruin one’s hope /plan 毁掉某人的希望/计划等 12.ruin [ˈruːɪn] n.&vt.破坏；毁坏 ruined-ruining 12 小结 运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。 ◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配； ◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配； ◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此 物仍然存在。 13 evacuate vt.疏散，撤出 vi.撤离 evacuate from 从...撤退；从...转移；从...疏散 adj. evacuated 疏散的；排空的，撤退者的 n. evacuation 撤离，疏散；排泄，排空，清除 helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n. [C]直升机 death n. 死; 死亡 die (dying died died) v. 死; 枯竭; 消失 dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的 dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的 deadly adj. 致命的; 彻底的; 极度的 a deadly disease adv. 极其; 非常 be sentenced to death 被判死刑 die away 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失 die off 相继死去 die out 灭绝 die of ... 死于...(内因) die from...死于...(外因) 1. The hero _______(die) ten years ago. That is to say, he ________________（die)for ten years. 2. The_______ man was saved by a kind passer-by. 3. The tornado has caused many ________. died has been dead dying deaths v / adj + th → n . grow v. 增长→ growth n ．增长 long adj ．长的→ length n ．长度 wide adj ．宽的→ width n ．宽度 deep adj ．深的→ depth n ．深度 true adj ．正确的→ truth n ．真理 young adj ．年轻的＋ youth n ．青春 affect [əˈfekt] vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 be affected by ... 被....影响/感动 affection n. [U]喜爱,钟爱;[常用复数]爱慕;爱情 have a great affection for 喜欢 18 effective adj 有效的 effectively adv 有效地 effectiveness un. 有效性 effect [ɪˈfekt] n．影响；效果；作用 have an effect / influence /impact on sb/sth 对……有影响 bring / put sth into effect 实施；实行 come into effect= take effect 生效；开始实施 side effect 副作用 cause and effect 因果关系 19 1. Since last October, about 43 percent of the winter wheat in China _______________(affect) by lack of rainfall. 2. Individual talent will have _____ positive effect on team performance . 3.The government must find out the cause and _______ of the tsunami，which has greatly _________ the whole area，and take ____________ measures to avoid further damage.(affect) 4. Since the new class rules ____________________________，our learning environment has been improved greatly. 自从新的班规生效已来，我们的学习环境被极大改善了。 effect affected effective took effect / came into effect has been affected a 20 shelter ['ʃeltə] n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护 vt. 保护; 掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) under the shelter of .... 在…的庇护下 shelter/protect/prevent sb. from... 保护…免受… crack [kræk] vi.&vt.(使)破裂 n.裂纹；裂缝 crack a smile 勉强一笑 gas /ɡæs/ n.气体；燃气；汽油 solid n. 固体 liquid n. 液体 22 as if/though 似乎；好像 引导表语从句或方式状语从句 (1)当as if 引导的从句是真实情况，从句用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的，从句用虚拟语气。 与将来事实相反，从句谓语用would/could/might＋动词原形do。 Don’t talk this way as if you would be a millionaire tomorrow. 不要这样说话好像你要成为百万富翁一样。 与过去事实相反，从句谓语用had done； He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。 与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(涉及到be动词都用were)； He looks at me as if I were mad. 他看着我仿佛我疯了似的。 对事实的假设 谓语动词 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 1. He talks as if he knew all about it. 2.He look after the boy as if he were his father. 3. He told us as if he had been there. 4. It looks as if it would rain. did(be动词用were) had done would/could/might +do 单句语法填空 （1） He talks as if he ________（know）everything in the world. （2）He described the characters in the novel as if he ________ （meet）them face to face. （3） Tom raised his hands as if ________（say）something. （4） Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it __________（happen）yesterday. （5）If I ______(be) you, I would stay positive and persistent. knew had met to say happened were percent /pəˈsent/ n.百分之 “percent of+名词/代词”作主语，名词/代词为复数时，谓语动词用复数;名词为不可数名词或代词为单数时，谓语动词用单数。 brick /brɪk/ n.[C]&[U] 砖块；砖 metal /'metl/ n.[C]&[U] 金属；金属制品 Only 8 percent of the area is forest. 80 percent of students are native Americans. shock(n)震惊(v.)使震惊 _________ adj. 令人震惊的；令人气愤的（修饰事物） _________ adj. 震惊的；愤概的（修饰人的表情，声音等） shocking shocked • in shock 震惊；处于休克状态 culture shock 文化冲击 to one’s shock 令某人吃惊的是 • be shocked at /by/that 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊 (1)The captain looked at me shock and couldn’t believe what had happened. (2) his fans’ shock，the athlete didn’t win a gold medal in the Olympic Games.His failure was great shock to himself，too. (3)Jane was rather shocked (find) that she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying. (4)The __________（shock） news ________（shock）all the people around in To a to find shocking shocked 28. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/n. [U]电；电能 cut off electricity 切断电源 make/produce/generate electricity 发电 turn on/off electricity 接通/切断电源 【同根词】 electric adj. 电的；电动的；发电的；n. 电；电气车辆 electrical adj. 有关电的；电气科学的 be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中 15.trap [træp] vt.使陷入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 ①There was a power failure, so they __________ （trap） in the lift. ②By clever questioning, they trapped him 　　　　 telling the truth. ③ _________ (trap) in the heavy traffic, we had to wait and might be late for the meeting. were trapped into fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱 set a trap (for sb) (给……) 设圈套 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事 Trapped trapped, trapped 30 • bury ...in... 把...埋到...里 bury one’s face/head in one’s hands 双手捂脸/抱头 • be buried in....=bury oneself in.....专心致志于 =be lost in /be absorbed in /devote oneself to = be devoted to / concentrate on /focus on (1)He buried his head his hands and wondered how to hide his inner embarrassment. (2)A graceful lady sat at a wooden table， (bury) in reading English articles. in buried bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 1. ___________himself in the book, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（用现在分词短语作状语） 2. __________in the book, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（过去分词短语作状语） Burying Buried breathe in/out 吸气/呼出 breathe / bri:ð/vi.& vt.呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 catch one's breath 喘口气 breath n. 气体，气息； breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 revive vt.&vi. 复活;(使)复苏 revival [ rɪˈvaɪvl] n. 振兴;复苏  revive → revival 复苏 arrive → arrival 到达 survive → survival 生存；幸存 propose → proposal 提议；建议 approve → approval 赞成；通过 effort /'efət/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 without effort 毫不费力地 spare no effort to do不遗余力做某事 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. He was making an effort to control himself. make an effort/efforts to do 努力去做… effort n. → adj. effortless 不需费力的 37. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 unify v. 统一;(使)成一体 unified adj. 统一的 union n.联邦，联盟；协会 united adj.团结的；一致的；联合的 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/[U]n. 智慧；才智 wise adj.明智的，有智慧的 wisely adv.明智地，聪明地 political/social/historical context 政治/社会/历史背景 suffer pain /loss /failure 遭受痛苦/损失/失败 suffer from 遭受...（疾病） 16. suffer [ˈsʌfə] vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n.①[U](身体或精神上)疼痛;痛苦 ②[pl]苦难;折磨 sufferer n.受(苦)难者,灾民 1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering_______ unusually hot weather. 2. The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war. 3. To our delight, the (suffer) has decided to give up smoking. from sufferings sufferer 37 supply / səˈplaɪ / n.供应；补给；[pl.] 补给品（物资） vt. 供应；供给 supply and demand供应与需求 in short supply 供不应求 n supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth 提供某物给某人 vt supplement n. 补充物 supplies provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb survive v. 生存；幸存；艰难渡过 survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 survive on… = live on… 靠……存活 survive sb. by… 比某人多活…… [练通] (1)___________(survive) an earthquake, you need to prepare some water on hand. (2)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ________ ten years. (3)One of the _________(survive) of the car crash was very calm and he helped other three passengers out of danger. To survive by survivors ① I don't know how you can survive 　　　　 so little money. ②He died in 1940, but his wife survived him 　　　　 another 20 years. ③Later all the 　　　　 （survive）were rescued including Tom's wife. on by survivors power n.电力供应，能量，力量，控制力，权力 a power failure 停电 come to/into power 上台，上任 have the power to do sth 有权力做某事 be in power 执政，掌权 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 powerful adj. 有权力的，强有力的 powerless adj.无力的，无权的 tap [tæp] vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头;轻叩 tap on/at... 轻敲... knock on/at... 敲... 他轻轻地敲了敲办公室的门，走了进去。 He tapped on/at the office door and went in. 过去式：tapped 过去分词：tapped pipe /paɪp/  n. 管子；管道 whistle [ˈwɪsl ] vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 【形近词】whisper v/n. 耳语；私语；密谈；谣传；发沙沙声；发飒飒声；发潺潺声；造谣 emergency n.突发情况 emergent adj.紧急的 ★emergency room/exit 急诊室/紧急出口 calm ①平静的，镇静的;沉着的 vt.(使)平静;平静下来 stay/keep/remain calm 保持冷静 calm down (使)平静下来; (使) 镇静下来 calm sb down 使某人镇静下来 现在分词：calming 过去分词：calmed 比较级：calmer 最高级：calmest calmly adv.平静地;镇静地 【单词辨析】quiet, calm,still,silent quiet 不吵;（人）文静。 calm 不慌;（天气）无风的;（海洋）风平浪静 still 不动 silent 不语 aid  n.援助；帮助；救援物资  v.  帮助；援助 （1）give first aid to sb. 对某人急救 with the aid of... 在……的帮助下 come to one's aid 帮助某人 单句语法填空: ①_____the aid of modern medicine, the dog was revived after half an hour’s death. ②The rescue team consisting of 15 countries has come to _____(they) aid. With their on hand 在手头;现有;在场;到场 at hand 在手边；即将到来 by hand 用手工；亲手交付； at first hand 第一手，亲自 hand in hand 手拉手 hand in 上交，提交 hand out 分发 hand over 交出，移交 hand on 留给；传递下去 on the one hand…on the other hand… 一方面…另一方面… crash [kræʃ] vt./vi.碰撞;撞击 n. 撞车;碰撞 crash into 撞上 飞机撞上了五角大楼。 The plane _______ _______ the Pentagon. crashed into car crash 车祸 air /plane crash 飞机失事 46 sweep v. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 ①扫;打扫;扫除 Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节 sweep up 打扫;清扫 sweep out 打扫干净，清扫干净 ②横扫;掠过; (暴风雨等)袭击;席卷 sweep through... 席卷..；轻易通过... sweep away 消灭;彻底消除 wave n. 海浪；波浪 v.挥手；招手 wave at/to... 向...挥手 wave goodbye to/at sb向某人挥手道别 a wave of...一波/一阵... a wave of panic 一阵恐慌 striker n.[C] 罢工者; (足球的)前锋; (棒球的)击球手 striking adj.惊人的;显著的;引人注目的 1. He listed some ________ (strike) numbers of the injured, which took our breath away. striking strike a balance (between A and B) 保持平衡 vt. 发表;表达;讲 deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲 vt. 接生;使分娩 deliver a baby 接生 vt.发表 deliver sth. to sb. 把某物运送给某人 deliver v.递送；传达 vt.发表 delivery n.递送（的物品）; 分娩，演讲方式 a delivery man送货员 运 用 1. I usually have fast food ___________ (deliver) to my office. 2. The man ___________ (deliver) a speech was our headmaster. 3. Every year, there are around 3000000 babies __________ (deliver) all over the world. delivered delivering delivered summary n.总结;摘要;概要 adj.概括的;扼要的 in summary 总的来说 make a summary 作总结 summarize vi.&vt.总结;概括;概述 in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, all in all等 总而言之 length（物体的）长;长度, (时间的)长度 3 meters in length长3米 at length ①最后;终于 ②详尽地 long----length----lengthen v. 延长; 变长 （adj） （n） （v） 长 long length lengthen 宽 wide width widen 高 high height heighten 深 deep depth deepen 背拓展单词 1．die vi.死；死亡→ n．死；死亡→ adj.死去的 → adj.致命的 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n. 感情；喜爱 3．effect n.影响；结果；效果→ adj.有效的→ adv.有效地 4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的 → adj.震惊的 5．electricity n．电；电能→ adj. 用电的；电动的→ adj.与电 有关的 6．breathn．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸 death dead deadly affection effective effectively shocking shocked electric electrical breathe 7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的 8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．折磨；苦难 9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存→ n．幸存者 10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj.有权势的；强有力的→ adj.无权的；无能力的 11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ n．传送；递送；演讲方式 12．long adj.长的→ n．长；长度→ v. (使)变长 wise suffering survival survivor powerful powerless delivery length lengthen wise suffering survival survivor powerful powerless delivery length 1．I've sent our luggage home by express . They promised within 48 hours. (deliver) 2．This desk is three times the of that one, so it is long enough and needn't be . (long) 3．He was shocked at the news, for I could see his look on his face. (shock) 4．He has made a decision because he is full of . (wisdom) 5．The old man went through a lot of in the old days. Worse still, he from heart attack when in his eighties. (suffer) 6．The way to improve our learning has a positive on our academic progress. (effect) 用所给词的正确形式填空 delivery to deliver length lengthened shocking shocked wise wisdom sufferings suffered effective efficiency effect 1．as if 　　　　　　　　 2．in ruins 3．in shock 4．come to an end 5．dig out 6．the number of 7．nothing but 8．blow away 背短语词块 9．cut across 10．get up on one's feet 11．in the open air 12．carry out 13．out of gratitude 14．fall down 15．in all directions 似乎 严重受损；破败不堪 震惊；吃惊 结束；终结 挖掘出；发现 ……的数目 仅仅；只是 吹走 横穿 站起来 露天；在户外 执行；实施；贯彻；完成 出于感激 跌倒；倒塌 朝四面八方 Thank you! Lavf58.20.100 $$