第04讲Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练(选择性必修三)-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第04讲Unit4Adversity and Courage重点单词+词组 +重点句型讲练(选择性必修三) 一、精讲X3 U4 重点单词+词组 1、adversity n. 困境；逆境 adverse adj.不利的，有害的；反面的 overcome adversity 克服逆境 in the face of adversity 面对逆境 He overcame many personal adversities.多次身处逆境,他都挺了过来。 As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue. 烈火炼真金，逆境见美德。 2. wage n.工资 waged adj.有报酬的 minimum wage 最低工资 a weekly wage of ... 周薪...... wage cuts 减薪 a wage increase/rise of ... ......的加薪 earn a living wage 谋生,挣工资 3. bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 bitterly adv.痛苦地;严寒地 bitter cold 严寒 a bitter wind 刺骨寒风 a long and bitter dispute一场漫长而激烈的争论 come out with a bitter smile苦笑着出来 4. expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 expeditionary adj.远征的 a polar expedition 南极探险 5. endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力 endure vt.忍受 physical endurance 身体耐力 endure v. 忍耐，容忍 powers of endurance 耐力 an endurance test一次耐力测试 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 can't endure doing/to do sth.不能容忍做某事 6. vigour n.精力；力量；活力 vigor n. 活力（美式拼写） full of vigour 充满活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的 a vigorous young man 身强力壮的年轻人 7. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识 qualification n.资格；资历 a qualified teacher 合格的教师 be qualified for 具备·····的学历/资历/知识/技能 be qualified to do sth.具备资历做某 a qualified lawyer取得执业资格的律师 qualify v.使具备·资格 be highly/suitably/fully qualified高度/正好/完全符合资格 qualification n.资格;学历;资历 disqualification n.取消资格;剥夺资格 8. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 enthusiasm n. 热情 show enthusiasm 展现热情 be/become enthusiastic about doing sth.对做某事感兴趣,对做某事热心 an enthusiastic supporter热心的支持者 an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎 enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情,热忱 with(great)enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm充满热情 9. aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) aboard adj. 在船(或飞机、车)上的 go aboard 上船 区分:abroad adv.在国外,到国外 go aboard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上 Welcome aboard!欢迎乘坐! All aboard!请大家上船/火车/公共汽车! 形近词:abroad adv.在国外;到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 10. cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 Cupboards n. 橱柜（复数） kitchen cupboard 厨房橱柜 11. assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 assignment n.分配；任务 assign a task 分配任务 assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth. 给某人分派某任务 assign sb. to/as sth. 指派某人做某工作/担任某职务 three written assignments三项书面作业 on assignment受委派 12. steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess [ˈstjuːərdəs] n. 女乘务员 airline steward 航空公司乘务员 13. envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌 envious adj. 羡慕的 feel envious 感到羡慕 the envy of sb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象 out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy 羡慕地,妒忌地 envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事 envy sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕某人 14. crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 crushed adj. 被压碎的 a crush of people 拥挤的人群 be crushed to death 压死 get crushed 被压坏/压碎 15. sink vi.(sank sunk,sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 sink in 被理解沉;使沉没n.洗碗槽 sink to the bottom of沉到······的底部 the sinking sun 落日 拓：sink一词多义:倒下;颓然坐下;陷入 sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上 sink down沉落 sink into poverty 陷入贫困中 a sinking feeling不祥的感觉;沮丧之情 be sunk in thought陷人沉思 16. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 abandoned adj. 被遗弃的 abandon ship 弃船 abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to沉湎于(某种情感) 拓：an abandoned farm废弃的农场 abandoned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的 an abandoned car被抛弃的小汽车 an abandoned child 被遗弃的孩子 abandon hope 放弃希望 17. blanket n. 毯子 blankets n. 毯子（复数） a warm blanket 一条温暖的毯子 18. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产 belong vi 适应;应在(某处) personal belongings个人物品 拓：常用复数形式的名词: earnings薪水 belongings 财物 findings 调研结果 savings 储蓄金 goods货物 woods树林 tears 泪水 ruins 废墟 congratulations 祝贺 surroundings环境 instructions 指示;说明 personal belongings 个人财物 19. miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 miserably adv.痛苦地;非常难受地;悲惨地 look miserable一副闷阿不乐的样子 miserable conditions恶劣的条件 wander around miserably可怜兮兮地四处游荡 a miserably cold day令人难受的寒冷天气 feel miserable 感到痛苦 20. voyage n.& vi. 航海；航行 voyages n. 航海（复数） an around-the-world voyage环球航行 on the voyage out/home出航途中/归航途中 a voyage in space 航天 go on/make/take a voyage去航海(强调动作) be on a voyage在航海(强调状态) make/take a voyage to..航海到···... make/take a voyage to Africa 航海去非洲 辨：各种“旅行”: 海上航行用voyage 长途陆路用journey; 短途短期用trip; 旅游观光用tour travel用法最普遍,特别指“游记”。 21. navy n. 海军；海军部队 naval adj. 海军的 naval force 海军力量 22. decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decency n. 适当；体面 decently adv.正派地;得体地 a decent job 一份体面的工作 23. cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的 a cosy little room温暖舒适的小房间 a cosy feeling惬意的感觉 warm and cosy暖和又舒适 a cosy room 一个温馨的房间 24. selfish adj. 自私的 selfless adj . 无私的 selflessly adv无私地；忘我地 selfish behaviour 自私的行为 It is selfish of sb . to do sth .某人做某事是自私的。 work selflessly 忘我工作 act selfishly 自私行事 25. good /bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的 Temper n. 脾气 a good-tempered child 脾气好的孩子 26. genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 genuinely adv. 真正地 genius n .天才 fake adj. 假的 27、genuine diamond / gold 真钻石/真金 genuine love 真诚的爱 genuine signature 亲笔签名 28. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 Perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 full of energy and perseverance充满活力和毅力 persevere in an attempt to do sth .坚持尝试做某事 29. resolve vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) resolution n. 决心；坚定的信念,决议；解决；坚定 resolve a conflict 解决冲突 resolve a problem 解决问题 resolve to do sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve that ... 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve on doing sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 make a resolution to do sth . 决定做某事 make a resolution 做出决心 31. crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 crews [kruːz] n. 工作人员（复数） the crew of a ship 船员 32. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelly adv. 残酷地 a cruel act 一个残酷的行为 33. thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 thoroughly adv. 彻底地 a thorough investigation 彻底调查 34. furniture n. 家具 furnish vt. 供应家具 office furniture 办公家具 35. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 36. fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortunate adj. 幸运的 37. damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 damper n. 减震器 damp weather 潮湿的天气 38. recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 recreational adj. 娱乐的 outdoor recreation 户外运动 39. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航 Guide vt. 指导 career guidance 职业指导 40. nephew n. 侄子；外甥 niece n. 侄女；外甥女 my nephew 我的侄子 41. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业 advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 advertising campaign 广告活动 42. corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 corporation n. 公司 a corporate event 公司活动 43. rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 roughly adv. 大致上 a rough sea 汹涌的海 44. navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 navigation n. 航行 a skilled navigator 熟练的领航员 45. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 loyalty n. 忠诚 loyal customers 忠诚的顾客 46. motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 motorized adj. 机动的 a motor vehicle 机动车 47. candidate n. 候选人；应试者 candidacy n. 候选人资格 a presidential candidate 总统候选人 48. episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 episodes n. 插曲（复数） a memorable episode 难忘的经历 49. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 commit vt. 承诺 a sense of commitment 承诺感 50. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 motivated adj. 有动机的 motive for action 行动的动机 51.turn sb.down 拒绝(某人) turn down 调低 turn up 出现;到达;调高 turn out结果是,证明是 turn to求助于;翻到 turn around 转身 turn on接通(电流、水等);打开 turn off关掉 turn over 翻身;翻转;移交 turn in 上交;退还 52.be/get/become stuck in被困在··· be/get stuck in a traffic jam 遇到交通堵塞 be/get trapped in (=be/get stuck in)被困在·····. be/get caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等) 常用的“get+过去分词”结构: get hurt 受伤害 get cured 被治愈 get invited 被邀请 get broken 坏了 get punished 受到惩罚 53.keep one's spirits up保持某人高昂的情绪 a team spirit 团队精神 a spirit of adventure 冒险精神 in low/high spirits情绪低落/高涨 raise/lift one's spirits振奋某人的情绪 spirit表示“情绪”时,用复数形式 one's spirits rise/lift/sink某人高兴起来/情绪低落 54.make it准时到达;获得成功;设法做成 make it to(尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上 make it to the airport just in time及时到达机场 make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成 make up for 补偿;弥补 make sense 讲得通;有意义 make one's way(to)去,前往 make use of利用,使用 make the most of充分利用(=make full use of) 55、 hold on等一等;坚持住;(电话用语)别挂断 hold on until help arrives坚持直到援助到来 hold on to 抓紧,不松开 hold on to my arm抓住我的手臂 hold back 阻止;抑制(眼泪等) 2、 精讲X3 U4重点句型 1、turn sb. down：However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. 此句型中 “turn sb. down” 表示 “拒绝某人”，如：I'm afraid our boss will turn me down. 另外，需注意 “turn down” 还有 “调小” 的意思，如 turn down the radio . 2、be qualified for/to do sth.：The lady is ideally qualified for the job. 其中 “be qualified for” 表示 “具备…… 资格的；适合担任…… 的”，“be qualified to do sth.” 表示 “有资格做某事”，是常用表达，如：He is qualified to teach English. 其动词形式为 qualify，名词形式为 qualification. 3、abandon sth. to sb.：They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces. “abandon” 意为 “舍弃；抛弃；放弃”，常用搭配有 “abandon oneself to (doing) sth.” 表示 “纵情 / 沉溺于 (做) 某事”，“abandon doing sth.” 表示 “放弃做某事”，如：He abandoned himself to playing computer games. 形容词形式为 abandoned，意为 “废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的”. 4、hold on：Hold on now, Perce. “hold on” 有 “稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话) 别挂断” 等意思，如：Hold on for a minute, I've just got to put on my make-up. 其相关短语有 “hold up” 表示 “支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫”；“hold on to” 表示 “抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持” 等 5、allow sb. to do sth. / allow doing sth.：We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings. 此句中 “allow sb. to do sth.” 表示 “允许某人做某事”，而 “allow doing sth.” 则表示 “允许做某事”，如：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends. / They don't allow smoking here. 6、manage to do sth.：We have managed to survive. “manage to do sth.” 表示 “努力做某事（成功）”，强调经过努力最终达到目的，如：He managed to finish the work on time. 7、as long as：As long as we don't lose heart, we will succeed. “as long as” 引导条件状语从句，意为 “只要……”，如：You can go out to play as long as you finish your homework. 8、what if：What if they were delayed? “what if” 用于提出假设或疑问，意为 “如果…… 将会怎么样”，如：What if it rains tomorrow?. 9、It happened that...：It happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 此句型表示 “碰巧……”，如：It happened that I met him on the street.. 10、be enthusiastic about：I am enthusiastic about the idea. “be enthusiastic about...” 表示 “对…… 热情”，如：She is enthusiastic about dancing. 11、get along/on with：I get along well with my classmates. “get along/on with...” 表示 “和…… 相处”，如：How do you get along with your new partner?. 三、X3 U4精练试题 1、词汇精练： 1．_________ n．困境；逆境 2．_________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3．________ n．探险；远征；探险队 4．_______ adj.自私的 5．_________ adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 6．______vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群 7．______vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 8．_______ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 9．________ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 10．_________ adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 11．_________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 12．________n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 13．__________ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 14．__________ n．家具 15．_______ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 16．__________- n．娱乐；消遣；游戏 17．__________ adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 18．_______ adj.忠诚的；忠实的 19．_________ n．候选人；应试者 2、词汇拓展 1．_______ n．忍耐力；耐久力→________ vt.忍耐；忍受 2．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) ________ vt.取得资格；使合格 3．________- adj.热情的；热心的→_________ n．热情；热忱 4．_______ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．分配的任务 5．______-n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→_________ adj.妒忌的 6．________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→_________ vi.属于 7．_________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求 8．_______ vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 _______n．决议；解决；坚定 9．________adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________- adv.彻底地 10．________- adv.不幸地；遗憾地→__________ adv.幸运地 11．__________n．申请；请求；应用→________- v．申请；应用→_________ n．申请人 12．_______ n．指导；引导；导航→_______- v．引导 13．________ n．广告活动；广告业→_________ vt. & vi.公布；宣传；做广告 14．_______ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv.粗略地 15．________ n．承诺；保证；奉献→_________-vt. & vi.(使)作出保证；投入 16．________ n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→_________ n．动机 3、单句语法填空 1. English (navigate) James Cook, who sailed along this coast in 1770, was the first European known to have sighted Fraser Island. 2. Native species disappeared at a rate of (rough) two per year, while more than one newcomer arrived. 3. He is loyal the Party and he will always remain so. 4. All the more reason for (candidate) to be chosen on the basis of competence, not place of birth. 5. This means that the closeness and attraction they once felt is gone, and they stay together only out of (commit). 6. A good (motor) must lead to good effect, and a good purpose must be realized by good measures. 7. Whenever I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help me cheer . 8. The polluted air (give) off by cars will do great harm to our health, and too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted. 9. The development and (apply) of new technologies are key to the smooth construction of China’s smart airports. 10. Go this way about ten minutes. When you see a motor car (advertise), turn left. 4、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. For most citizens, (wage)are the only source of income. 2. Although 38 percent of the people died of diseases during the (expedite) , Cook’s diet of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.   3. Finally one day, I did it, I (turn) down an unreasonable request. 4. I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel (qualify) to comment. 5. She is in Greece on an (assign) for one of the Sunday newspapers. 6. The digging had left a network of (abandon) mines and tunnels. 7. He has never stopped trying and showed great (persevere). 8. They made a (resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 9. I think the (apply) deadline was November 1st. 10. Our (commit) will be of the highest order. 5、语法 1. We (discuss) the project for two hours. Let’s take a break. 2. At present, the reform (approach) its final goal that is school improvement. 3. “I (dream) of a rural life for decades, but my work hampers(阻碍) me, ” Cheng says. 4. Analysts found that two million of us (abandon) DIY over the past two years. 5. The company (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 6. So far, only three countries (manage) to independently send humans into space: China, Russia and the U. S. 6、课文语法填空 (1) A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous _1______________(explore) of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below _2_________(be) some of Blackborow's diary entries. 31 Oct, 1914 ... Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. An expedition _3_________ the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton - this is the adventure that I _4______________(dream) of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. _5______________, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't _6______________(qualify). But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them _7_____________ I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. _8______________(unfortunate), three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he _9______________(offer) me a job, but only after he promised me, "If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!" He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times _10___________ day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been _11________! 21 Nov, 1915 The journey has not been easy. Endurance became _12______________(stick) in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and _13______________(true) stuck! We saw the ship get _14______________(crush) by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank _15_______ it. _16___________ we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies - the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time _17______________(panic). We were not allowed to take most of our personal _18______________(belonging), and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our _19______________(spirit) up. We have now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May, 1916 We _20______________(struggle) for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the _21______________(rock) shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away - the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make _22_________ in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother's face ... _23____________, these happy memories are soon interrupted by _24_________ sudden cold rush of air. I shouted, "Shut the door!" "Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go _25______________(turn) into another Tom," came the reply. "We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!" Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become _26___________ selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their _27______________(persevere), and their resolve fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. (2) THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy _1______________(imagine) the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? What if they _2______________(delay)? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music _3______________(cheer) us up. Life _4______________(fall) into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees _5______________(grow) on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave _6___________ oily, black smoke, but it stayed _7______________(burn) even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was _8____________ the meals: "The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures." If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in _9____________ way I could. But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost _10__________ dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt _11___________ our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears _12__________ a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times _13____________ we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued, we felt _14___________ relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith _15___________ Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow _16___________ painful death. X3 U4精练试题答案 一、1.adversity 2. bitter 3. expedition4.selfish 5.aboard 6. crush7. sink 8. abandon9. miserable10.decent 11. genuine12. crew 13.cruel 14.furniture 15damp 16.recreation 17. corporate18. loyal19.candidate 二、1.endurance; endure 2.qualified;qualify 3.enthusiastic; enthusiasm 4. assign; assignment5. envy ; envious6. belongings;belong 7. perseverance;persevere 8.resolve;resolution 9.thorough ; thoroughly 10.unfortunately; fortunately 11. application ; apply; applicant12.guidance;guide 13.advertising;advertise 14.rough; roughly 15. commitment; commit 16. motive;motivation 三、1. English navigator(navigate) James Cook, who sailed along this coast in 1770, was the first European known to have sighted Fraser Island. 2. Native species disappeared at a rate of roughly (rough) two per year, while more than one newcomer arrived. 3. He is loyal to the Party and he will always remain so. 4. All the more reason for candidates(candidate) to be chosen on the basis of competence, not place of birth. 5. This means that the closeness and attraction they once felt is gone, and they stay together only out of commitment(commit). 6. A good motive (motor) must lead to good effect, and a good purpose must be realized by good measures. 7. Whenever I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help me cheer up. 8. The polluted air given (give) off by cars will do great harm to our health, and too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted. 9. The development and application (apply) of new technologies are key to the smooth construction of China’s smart airports. 10. Go this way about ten minutes. When you see a motor car advertisement (advertise), turn left. 四、1. For most citizens, wages(wage)are the only source of income. 2. Although 38 percent of the people died of diseases during the expedition (expedite) , Cook’s diet of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.   3. Finally one day, I did it, I turned(turn) down an unreasonable request. 4. I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel qualified(qualify) to comment. 5. She is in Greece on an assignment (assign) for one of the Sunday newspapers. 6. The digging had left a network of abandoned(abandon) mines and tunnels. 7. He has never stopped trying and showed great perseverance (persevere). 8. They made a resolution (resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 9. I think the application(apply) deadline was November 1st. 10. Our commitment(commit) will be of the highest order. 五、1.We have been discussing(discuss) the project for two hours. Let’s take a break. 2. At present, the reform has approached(approach) its final goal that is school improvement. 3. “I have been dreaming (dream) of a rural life for decades, but my work hampers(阻碍) me, ” Cheng says. 4. Analysts found that two million of us have abandoned (abandon) DIY over the past two years. 5. The company has been promising (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 6. So far, only three countries have managed (manage) to independently send humans into space: China, Russia and the U. S. 六、答案解析 1、 explorers：“one of + 可数名词复数” 表示 “…… 之一”，此处指 “最著名的探险家之一”，所以用 explore 的名词复数形式 explorers。 2、are：此句是倒装句，主语是 “some of Blackborow's diary entries”，为复数概念，描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的 be 动词复数形式 are。 3、to：“an expedition to...” 表示 “去…… 的探险”，此处指去南极的探险，用介词 to 表示方向。 4、had dreamed：此处表示 “这是我一直梦想的冒险”，梦想这个动作在 “read the advertisement” 之前就已经存在，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时 had dreamed。 5、However：前文提到自己准备好了，后文说被拒绝了，前后是转折关系，所以用 However 表转折。 6、qualified：“be qualified” 表示 “合格的，有资格的”，符合语境，此处用形容词作表语。 7、that：“so...that...” 是固定句型，引导结果状语从句，表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，符合此处语境。 8、Unfortunately：此处修饰整个句子，要用副词形式，在句首作状语，所以用 Unfortunately，意为 “不幸的是”。 9、offered：文章整体是在叙述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，此处 offer 的过去式为 offered，符合时态要求。 10、a：“three times a day” 表示 “一天三次”，是固定表达。 11、to：“have been to” 表示 “去过（某地）”，强调有这样的经历，符合语境。 12、stuck：“become stuck” 表示 “被困住”，stuck 是 stick 的过去分词形式，在这里作表语，符合 “get/become + 过去分词” 的结构，表示进入某种状态。 13、truly：修饰形容词 stuck 要用副词形式，true 的副词是 truly，意为 “真正地”。 14、crushed：“get + 过去分词” 表示被动，此处指船被冰挤压，crush 的过去分词是 crushed。 15、with：“sink with...” 表示 “随着…… 下沉”，此处指心随着船下沉，用介词 with。 16、When：此处引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时候”，描述在放弃船的时候发生的事情，所以用 When。 17、to panic：“It's (no) time to do sth.” 表示 “（没）到做某事的时间”，此处用动词不定式形式，所以是 to panic。 18、belongings：“personal belongings” 表示 “个人物品”，belonging 常用复数形式表示所属物品。 19、spirits：“keep one's spirits up” 表示 “使某人振作起来”，spirit 常用复数形式表示情绪、心情等。 20、have been struggling：根据 “for days” 以及文章的语境，此处强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时，其结构为 “have/has been + 现在分词”，主语是 We，所以用 have been struggling。 21、rocky：修饰名词 shore 要用形容词形式，rock 的形容词是 rocky，意为 “多岩石的”。 22、it：“make it” 表示 “成功做成某事”，此处指完成去南乔治亚岛的航行，用 it 指代这次航行。 23、However：前文说想美好的事情，后文说美好的回忆被打断，前后是转折关系，所以用 However 表转折。 24、a：“a sudden cold rush of air” 表示 “一股突然的冷空气”，此处用不定冠词 a 表示泛指。 25、turning：“go + 现在分词” 表示 “变得……”，此处指变得自私等，所以用 turning。 26、as：“as + 形容词原级 + as...” 表示 “和…… 一样……”，此处符合该结构要求，用 as。 27、perseverance：形容词性物主代词 their 后要接名词，persevere 的名词形式是 perseverance，意为 “毅力”。 第二篇 “THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE” 答案解析 1、 to imagine：“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定句型，此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以用 to imagine。 2、were delayed：此处表示 “如果他们被耽搁了怎么办”，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，且 they 和 delay 是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态 were delayed。 3、to cheer：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示用晚餐和音乐来让我们振作起来，所以用 to cheer。 4、fell：文章整体叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时，fall 的过去式是 fell，符合语境。 5、growing：“There be + 名词 + 现在分词” 是一种结构，表示 “有…… 正在……”，此处指南极洲没有正在生长的树，用 growing 作后置定语修饰 trees。 6、off：“give off” 表示 “发出（光、热、气味等）”，此处指发出油腻的黑烟，符合语境。 7、burning：“stay + 现在分词” 表示保持某种状态，此处指保持燃烧的状态，所以用 burning。 8、with：“be bored with...” 表示 “对…… 感到厌烦”，是固定搭配，所以用 with。 9、the：“in the way” 表示 “以…… 方式”，此处特指自己能想到的方式，所以用定冠词 the。 10、as：“as + 形容词原级 + as...” 表示 “和…… 一样……”，此处符合该结构要求，指穿太多衣服变得太热和穿太少衣服变得太冷一样危险，所以用 as。 11、for：“for” 表示用途，此处指用于我们的火（取暖、做饭等）的动物脂肪，所以用 for。 12、in：“in a...way” 表示 “以…… 方式”，此处指以积极且成功的方式应对恐惧，所以用 in。 13、when：此处引导定语从句，先行词是 “the times”，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词 when。 14、such：“such...that...” 表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，此处修饰名词 “relief and joy”，所以用 such。 15、in：“faith in...” 表示 “对…… 的信任”，是固定搭配，所以用 in。 16、and：此处连接两个并列的形容词 slow 和 painful，共同修饰 death，所以用 and。 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲Unit4Adversity and Courage重点单词+词组 +重点句型讲练(选择性必修三) 一、精讲X3 U4 重点单词+词组 1、adversity n. 困境；逆境 adverse adj.不利的，有害的；反面的 overcome adversity 克服逆境 in the face of adversity 面对逆境 He overcame many personal adversities.多次身处逆境,他都挺了过来。 As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue. 烈火炼真金，逆境见美德。 2. wage n.工资 waged adj.有报酬的 minimum wage 最低工资 a weekly wage of ... 周薪...... wage cuts 减薪 a wage increase/rise of ... ......的加薪 earn a living wage 谋生,挣工资 3. bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 bitterly adv.痛苦地;严寒地 bitter cold 严寒 a bitter wind 刺骨寒风 a long and bitter dispute一场漫长而激烈的争论 come out with a bitter smile苦笑着出来 4. expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 expeditionary adj.远征的 a polar expedition 南极探险 5. endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力 endure vt.忍受 physical endurance 身体耐力 endure v. 忍耐，容忍 powers of endurance 耐力 an endurance test一次耐力测试 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 can't endure doing/to do sth.不能容忍做某事 6. vigour n.精力；力量；活力 vigor n. 活力（美式拼写） full of vigour 充满活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的 a vigorous young man 身强力壮的年轻人 7. qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识 qualification n.资格；资历 a qualified teacher 合格的教师 be qualified for 具备·····的学历/资历/知识/技能 be qualified to do sth.具备资历做某 a qualified lawyer取得执业资格的律师 qualify v.使具备·资格 be highly/suitably/fully qualified高度/正好/完全符合资格 qualification n.资格;学历;资历 disqualification n.取消资格;剥夺资格 8. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 enthusiasm n. 热情 show enthusiasm 展现热情 be/become enthusiastic about doing sth.对做某事感兴趣,对做某事热心 an enthusiastic supporter热心的支持者 an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎 enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情,热忱 with(great)enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm充满热情 9. aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) aboard adj. 在船(或飞机、车)上的 go aboard 上船 区分:abroad adv.在国外,到国外 go aboard 上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上 Welcome aboard!欢迎乘坐! All aboard!请大家上船/火车/公共汽车! 形近词:abroad adv.在国外;到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 10. cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 Cupboards n. 橱柜（复数） kitchen cupboard 厨房橱柜 11. assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 assignment n.分配；任务 assign a task 分配任务 assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth. 给某人分派某任务 assign sb. to/as sth. 指派某人做某工作/担任某职务 three written assignments三项书面作业 on assignment受委派 12. steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess [ˈstjuːərdəs] n. 女乘务员 airline steward 航空公司乘务员 13. envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌 envious adj. 羡慕的 feel envious 感到羡慕 the envy of sb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象 out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy 羡慕地,妒忌地 envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事 envy sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕某人 14. crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 crushed adj. 被压碎的 a crush of people 拥挤的人群 be crushed to death 压死 get crushed 被压坏/压碎 15. sink vi.(sank sunk,sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 sink in 被理解沉;使沉没n.洗碗槽 sink to the bottom of沉到······的底部 the sinking sun 落日 拓：sink一词多义:倒下;颓然坐下;陷入 sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上 sink down沉落 sink into poverty 陷入贫困中 a sinking feeling不祥的感觉;沮丧之情 be sunk in thought陷人沉思 16. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 abandoned adj. 被遗弃的 abandon ship 弃船 abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to沉湎于(某种情感) 拓：an abandoned farm废弃的农场 abandoned adj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的 an abandoned car被抛弃的小汽车 an abandoned child 被遗弃的孩子 abandon hope 放弃希望 17. blanket n. 毯子 blankets n. 毯子（复数） a warm blanket 一条温暖的毯子 18. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产 belong vi 适应;应在(某处) personal belongings个人物品 拓：常用复数形式的名词: earnings薪水 belongings 财物 findings 调研结果 savings 储蓄金 goods货物 woods树林 tears 泪水 ruins 废墟 congratulations 祝贺 surroundings环境 instructions 指示;说明 personal belongings 个人财物 19. miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 miserably adv.痛苦地;非常难受地;悲惨地 look miserable一副闷阿不乐的样子 miserable conditions恶劣的条件 wander around miserably可怜兮兮地四处游荡 a miserably cold day令人难受的寒冷天气 feel miserable 感到痛苦 20. voyage n.& vi. 航海；航行 voyages n. 航海（复数） an around-the-world voyage环球航行 on the voyage out/home出航途中/归航途中 a voyage in space 航天 go on/make/take a voyage去航海(强调动作) be on a voyage在航海(强调状态) make/take a voyage to..航海到···... make/take a voyage to Africa 航海去非洲 辨：各种“旅行”: 海上航行用voyage 长途陆路用journey; 短途短期用trip; 旅游观光用tour travel用法最普遍,特别指“游记”。 21. navy n. 海军；海军部队 naval adj. 海军的 naval force 海军力量 22. decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decency n. 适当；体面 decently adv.正派地;得体地 a decent job 一份体面的工作 23. cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的 a cosy little room温暖舒适的小房间 a cosy feeling惬意的感觉 warm and cosy暖和又舒适 a cosy room 一个温馨的房间 24. selfish adj. 自私的 selfless adj . 无私的 selflessly adv无私地；忘我地 selfish behaviour 自私的行为 It is selfish of sb . to do sth .某人做某事是自私的。 work selflessly 忘我工作 act selfishly 自私行事 25. good /bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的 Temper n. 脾气 a good-tempered child 脾气好的孩子 26. genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 genuinely adv. 真正地 genius n .天才 fake adj. 假的 27、genuine diamond / gold 真钻石/真金 genuine love 真诚的爱 genuine signature 亲笔签名 28. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 Perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 full of energy and perseverance充满活力和毅力 persevere in an attempt to do sth .坚持尝试做某事 29. resolve vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) resolution n. 决心；坚定的信念,决议；解决；坚定 resolve a conflict 解决冲突 resolve a problem 解决问题 resolve to do sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve that ... 决心/决定（做）某事 resolve on doing sth . 决心/决定（做）某事 make a resolution to do sth . 决定做某事 make a resolution 做出决心 31. crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 crews [kruːz] n. 工作人员（复数） the crew of a ship 船员 32. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelly adv. 残酷地 a cruel act 一个残酷的行为 33. thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 thoroughly adv. 彻底地 a thorough investigation 彻底调查 34. furniture n. 家具 furnish vt. 供应家具 office furniture 办公家具 35. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 36. fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortunate adj. 幸运的 37. damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 damper n. 减震器 damp weather 潮湿的天气 38. recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 recreational adj. 娱乐的 outdoor recreation 户外运动 39. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航 Guide vt. 指导 career guidance 职业指导 40. nephew n. 侄子；外甥 niece n. 侄女；外甥女 my nephew 我的侄子 41. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业 advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 advertising campaign 广告活动 42. corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 corporation n. 公司 a corporate event 公司活动 43. rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 roughly adv. 大致上 a rough sea 汹涌的海 44. navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 navigation n. 航行 a skilled navigator 熟练的领航员 45. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 loyalty n. 忠诚 loyal customers 忠诚的顾客 46. motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 motorized adj. 机动的 a motor vehicle 机动车 47. candidate n. 候选人；应试者 candidacy n. 候选人资格 a presidential candidate 总统候选人 48. episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 episodes n. 插曲（复数） a memorable episode 难忘的经历 49. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 commit vt. 承诺 a sense of commitment 承诺感 50. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 motivated adj. 有动机的 motive for action 行动的动机 51.turn sb.down 拒绝(某人) turn down 调低 turn up 出现;到达;调高 turn out结果是,证明是 turn to求助于;翻到 turn around 转身 turn on接通(电流、水等);打开 turn off关掉 turn over 翻身;翻转;移交 turn in 上交;退还 52.be/get/become stuck in被困在··· be/get stuck in a traffic jam 遇到交通堵塞 be/get trapped in (=be/get stuck in)被困在·····. be/get caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等) 常用的“get+过去分词”结构: get hurt 受伤害 get cured 被治愈 get invited 被邀请 get broken 坏了 get punished 受到惩罚 53.keep one's spirits up保持某人高昂的情绪 a team spirit 团队精神 a spirit of adventure 冒险精神 in low/high spirits情绪低落/高涨 raise/lift one's spirits振奋某人的情绪 spirit表示“情绪”时,用复数形式 one's spirits rise/lift/sink某人高兴起来/情绪低落 54.make it准时到达;获得成功;设法做成 make it to(尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上 make it to the airport just in time及时到达机场 make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成 make up for 补偿;弥补 make sense 讲得通;有意义 make one's way(to)去,前往 make use of利用,使用 make the most of充分利用(=make full use of) 55、 hold on等一等;坚持住;(电话用语)别挂断 hold on until help arrives坚持直到援助到来 hold on to 抓紧,不松开 hold on to my arm抓住我的手臂 hold back 阻止;抑制(眼泪等) 2、 精讲X3 U4重点句型 1、turn sb. down：However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. 此句型中 “turn sb. down” 表示 “拒绝某人”，如：I'm afraid our boss will turn me down. 另外，需注意 “turn down” 还有 “调小” 的意思，如 turn down the radio . 2、be qualified for/to do sth.：The lady is ideally qualified for the job. 其中 “be qualified for” 表示 “具备…… 资格的；适合担任…… 的”，“be qualified to do sth.” 表示 “有资格做某事”，是常用表达，如：He is qualified to teach English. 其动词形式为 qualify，名词形式为 qualification. 3、abandon sth. to sb.：They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces. “abandon” 意为 “舍弃；抛弃；放弃”，常用搭配有 “abandon oneself to (doing) sth.” 表示 “纵情 / 沉溺于 (做) 某事”，“abandon doing sth.” 表示 “放弃做某事”，如：He abandoned himself to playing computer games. 形容词形式为 abandoned，意为 “废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的”. 4、hold on：Hold on now, Perce. “hold on” 有 “稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话) 别挂断” 等意思，如：Hold on for a minute, I've just got to put on my make-up. 其相关短语有 “hold up” 表示 “支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫”；“hold on to” 表示 “抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持” 等 5、allow sb. to do sth. / allow doing sth.：We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings. 此句中 “allow sb. to do sth.” 表示 “允许某人做某事”，而 “allow doing sth.” 则表示 “允许做某事”，如：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends. / They don't allow smoking here. 6、manage to do sth.：We have managed to survive. “manage to do sth.” 表示 “努力做某事（成功）”，强调经过努力最终达到目的，如：He managed to finish the work on time. 7、as long as：As long as we don't lose heart, we will succeed. “as long as” 引导条件状语从句，意为 “只要……”，如：You can go out to play as long as you finish your homework. 8、what if：What if they were delayed? “what if” 用于提出假设或疑问，意为 “如果…… 将会怎么样”，如：What if it rains tomorrow?. 9、It happened that...：It happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 此句型表示 “碰巧……”，如：It happened that I met him on the street.. 10、be enthusiastic about：I am enthusiastic about the idea. “be enthusiastic about...” 表示 “对…… 热情”，如：She is enthusiastic about dancing. 11、get along/on with：I get along well with my classmates. “get along/on with...” 表示 “和…… 相处”，如：How do you get along with your new partner?. 三、X3 U4精练试题 1、词汇精练： 1．_________ n．困境；逆境 2．_________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 3．________ n．探险；远征；探险队 4．_______ adj.自私的 5．_________ adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 6．______vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群 7．______vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 8．_______ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 9．________ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 10．_________ adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 11．_________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 12．________n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 13．__________ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 14．__________ n．家具 15．_______ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 16．__________- n．娱乐；消遣；游戏 17．__________ adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 18．_______ adj.忠诚的；忠实的 19．_________ n．候选人；应试者 2、词汇拓展 1．_______ n．忍耐力；耐久力→________ vt.忍耐；忍受 2．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) ________ vt.取得资格；使合格 3．________- adj.热情的；热心的→_________ n．热情；热忱 4．_______ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．分配的任务 5．______-n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→_________ adj.妒忌的 6．________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→_________ vi.属于 7．_________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求 8．_______ vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 _______n．决议；解决；坚定 9．________adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________- adv.彻底地 10．________- adv.不幸地；遗憾地→__________ adv.幸运地 11．__________n．申请；请求；应用→________- v．申请；应用→_________ n．申请人 12．_______ n．指导；引导；导航→_______- v．引导 13．________ n．广告活动；广告业→_________ vt. & vi.公布；宣传；做广告 14．_______ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv.粗略地 15．________ n．承诺；保证；奉献→_________-vt. & vi.(使)作出保证；投入 16．________ n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→_________ n．动机 3、单句语法填空 1. English (navigate) James Cook, who sailed along this coast in 1770, was the first European known to have sighted Fraser Island. 2. Native species disappeared at a rate of (rough) two per year, while more than one newcomer arrived. 3. He is loyal the Party and he will always remain so. 4. All the more reason for (candidate) to be chosen on the basis of competence, not place of birth. 5. This means that the closeness and attraction they once felt is gone, and they stay together only out of (commit). 6. A good (motor) must lead to good effect, and a good purpose must be realized by good measures. 7. Whenever I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help me cheer . 8. The polluted air (give) off by cars will do great harm to our health, and too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted. 9. The development and (apply) of new technologies are key to the smooth construction of China’s smart airports. 10. Go this way about ten minutes. When you see a motor car (advertise), turn left. 4、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. For most citizens, (wage)are the only source of income. 2. Although 38 percent of the people died of diseases during the (expedite) , Cook’s diet of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.   3. Finally one day, I did it, I (turn) down an unreasonable request. 4. I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel (qualify) to comment. 5. She is in Greece on an (assign) for one of the Sunday newspapers. 6. The digging had left a network of (abandon) mines and tunnels. 7. He has never stopped trying and showed great (persevere). 8. They made a (resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 9. I think the (apply) deadline was November 1st. 10. Our (commit) will be of the highest order. 5、语法 1. We (discuss) the project for two hours. Let’s take a break. 2. At present, the reform (approach) its final goal that is school improvement. 3. “I (dream) of a rural life for decades, but my work hampers(阻碍) me, ” Cheng says. 4. Analysts found that two million of us (abandon) DIY over the past two years. 5. The company (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 6. So far, only three countries (manage) to independently send humans into space: China, Russia and the U. S. 6、课文语法填空 (1) A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous _1______________(explore) of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below _2_________(be) some of Blackborow's diary entries. 31 Oct, 1914 ... Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. An expedition _3_________ the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton - this is the adventure that I _4______________(dream) of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. _5______________, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't _6______________(qualify). But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them _7_____________ I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. _8______________(unfortunate), three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he _9______________(offer) me a job, but only after he promised me, "If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!" He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times _10___________ day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been _11________! 21 Nov, 1915 The journey has not been easy. Endurance became _12______________(stick) in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and _13______________(true) stuck! We saw the ship get _14______________(crush) by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank _15_______ it. _16___________ we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies - the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time _17______________(panic). We were not allowed to take most of our personal _18______________(belonging), and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our _19______________(spirit) up. We have now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May, 1916 We _20______________(struggle) for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the _21______________(rock) shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away - the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make _22_________ in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother's face ... _23____________, these happy memories are soon interrupted by _24_________ sudden cold rush of air. I shouted, "Shut the door!" "Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go _25______________(turn) into another Tom," came the reply. "We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!" Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become _26___________ selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their _27______________(persevere), and their resolve fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. (2) THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy _1______________(imagine) the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? What if they _2______________(delay)? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music _3______________(cheer) us up. Life _4______________(fall) into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees _5______________(grow) on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave _6___________ oily, black smoke, but it stayed _7______________(burn) even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was _8____________ the meals: "The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures." If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in _9____________ way I could. But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost _10__________ dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt _11___________ our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears _12__________ a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times _13____________ we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued, we felt _14___________ relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith _15___________ Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow _16___________ painful death. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$