精品解析：2025届上海市奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试卷

2024学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟, 试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Best Music to Boost Productivity How many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of ___1___ music in the workplace can be helpful or not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music. In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became ___2___ (productive) when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study ___3___ (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music ___4___ it could be distracting. According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music ___5___ negatively impact your attention. However, if ___6___ (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference. There might be a link between “emotional use” of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music ___7___ makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed 244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music ___8___ (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background. But if you’re just here for the best tracks ___9___ (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists ____10____ (be): “Drops of Jupiter” (Train), “Dreams” (Fleetwood Mac) and “Don’t Stop Believin” (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enter B. echo C. physical D. linked E. supposed F. initial G. literally H. diverse I. weather J. alternative K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have ___11___ names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which ___12___ means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they ___13___ Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could ___14___ across a wide area. However, there is no ___15___ evidence reaching the ground. A(n) ___16___ explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from ___17___ sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, ___18___ ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is ___19___ to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these ____20____ mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. ___23___ , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives ___24___ . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the ___25___ eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to ___26___ in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the ___27___ . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold ___28___ us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the ___29___ burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father ____30____ your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to ____31____ his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even ____32____ what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often ____33____ by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to ____34____ . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his ____35____ , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook 22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity 23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific 25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching 26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide 27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense 28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within 29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music 30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel 31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain 32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond 33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked 34 A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward 35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. space Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science — a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 36. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B. The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C. The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D. The transformation of base metals into gold through magic. 37. What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments? A. To turn human urine into gold. B. To discover a new element. C. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry. 38. The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundation 39. What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage? A. He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods. B. He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry. C. He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas. D. He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry. B Going underground? The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and West End of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takes just 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costs from as little as £1.80 for an adult single to travel anywhere else on the system. First Trains Last Trains Outer Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun. Outer Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun From Govan 06:30 10:00 From Govan 23:16 17:50 From St Enoch 06:34 10:03 From St Enoch 23:30 18:03 Inner Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun Inner Circle Mon to Sat. Sun. From Govan 06:30 10:00 From Govan 23:16 17:50 From St Enoch 06:32 10:00 From St Enoch 23:28 18:00 Subway tickets Type Adult Child** * unlimited travel for one day ** Applies to children under 16 years old. Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult. Single £1.80 £0.85 Return £3.40 £1.60 All day* £4.30 £2.15 40. According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE? A. The subway is the only way to travel in the city. B. The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day. C. An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes. D. An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80. 41. To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at ________. A 6:34 B. 6:32 C. 10:00 D. 10:03 42. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying ________. A. £6.45 B. £8.40 C. £10.75 D. £12.90 C For the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now. A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy — before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does. Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives. The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood. From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving birth. And it wasn't just one area or network — 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are. 43. The passage mainly tells us ________. A. how pregnancy impacts women’s memory B. how brain scans lead to a breakthrough C. how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy 44. Based on the research, a pregnant woman should ________ changes accompanying “mommy brain”? A. peacefully accept B. consciously avoid C. completely ignore D. eagerly expect 45. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ________. A. researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change faster B. despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormones C. hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescence D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after child birth 46. What is the structure of this passage? A. Presenting a finding → Explaining → Relating with other findings B. Introducing a topic → Providing examples → Summarizing the main points C. Stating a problem → Proposing solutions → Evaluating the solutions D. Describing a phenomenon → Analyzing the causes → Predicting the future trends Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ratting on Crimes “You are never more than six feet away from a rat, ” goes the saying. Though it has been concluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. ___47___ The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and have been shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn't the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. ___48___ The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challenges throughout Africa. The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They first learned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. ___49___ The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they'd not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs. Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically in recent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20, 000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately. ___50___ They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. A. Previously, they've trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria. B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting. D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents. E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach. F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Significance of Cattle in Maasai Society Cattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various forms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of the Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth. Cattle hold significant value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses dírectly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial. Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connection with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。(desert) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 上海博物馆的埃及展太火爆了，根本抢不到票。(impossible) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这位原本深耕于科研领域的女学者，凭借自己坚持不懈的努力，历经极度严苛的训练，最终成为了一名宇航员。(engage) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，近日有一位外国视频博主Mike正在中国旅行，他计划制作一期关于中国的视频。现在他向广大网友征集相关视频素材，视频打算聚焦中国近年来的快速发展与变化，例如：高速铁路 (high-speed trains)、共享单车 (shared bicycles)、移动支付 (mobile payment)、网上购物 (online shopping)、外卖餐饮 (food delivery) 等方面。 请你给他写一封邮件，为他提供具体的素材建议。 内容须包括： 1. 推荐你认为最具代表性的素材 (1~2个) ； 2. 结合自身经历给出理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟, 试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10 分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Best Music to Boost Productivity How many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of ___1___ music in the workplace can be helpful or not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music. In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became ___2___ (productive) when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study ___3___ (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music ___4___ it could be distracting. According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music ___5___ negatively impact your attention. However, if ___6___ (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference. There might be a link between “emotional use” of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music ___7___ makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed 244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music ___8___ (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background. But if you’re just here for the best tracks ___9___ (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists ____10____ (be): “Drops of Jupiter” (Train), “Dreams” (Fleetwood Mac) and “Don’t Stop Believin” (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. 【答案】1. whether 2. less productive 3. conducted 4. because##as##since 5. may##might##can##could 6. listening 7. that##which 8. was used 9. to boost 10. are 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了音乐对工作效率有帮助，但这取决于工作类型和音乐类型，并推荐了三首有助于提高效率的歌曲。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：各种研究试图解决工作场所的音乐是否有益的问题。空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。结合从句中的or not可知，这里表示“是否”的含义，应用whether引导，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。故填whether。 【2题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：在一项研究中，一家服装制造商的机器操作员在听舒缓的音乐时，工作效率会降低；研究人员建议尝试节奏更快的音乐。根据“the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead”可知，研究人员建议让机器操作员听节奏更快的音乐，由此可知，舒缓的音乐会使他们降低工作效率。空处应用productive的比较级less productive。故填less productive。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在另一项对外科医生进行的研究中，外科医生在听古典音乐的同时对患者进行手术，结果表明他们的表现更快、更准确。study和conduct之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语。故填conducted。 【4题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：在这种情况下，研究人员建议不要播放高节奏或大声的音乐，因为这可能会分散注意力。空处引导状语从句。“it could be distracting”表示原因，所以应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：根据一些科学家的说法，无论你从事什么任务，音乐中的歌词都可能/可以对你的注意力产生负面影响。空后是动词原形impact，所以空处应用情态动词。这里表示歌词可能/可以对注意力产生负面影响，应用may/might表示可能，用can/could表示可以。故填may/might/can/could。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如果听抒情少或古典音乐让你恼火，你可能不会很有效率，所以这最终取决于你的个人喜好。空处在句中作主语，应用动名词。故填listening。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：那么在某种程度上，你最好播放能让你快乐的音乐。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词music，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用that或which引导。故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，有趣的是，2023年的一项研究调查了244名在工作中听音乐的人，结果显示，当音乐用于认知思维或只是在背景中播放时，没有任何好处。when引导时间状语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，根据“one 2023 study”和句中时态可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。music和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，且主语为不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was used。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果你只是来这里寻找提高生产力的最佳途径，我们为你提供了一些建议。空处作tracks的后置定语，且前有the best修饰，应用不定式。故填to boost。 【10题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最常出现在与工作相关的Spotify列表中的前三首歌曲是：《Drops of Jupiter》（Train），《Dreams》（Fleetwood Mac）和《Don’t Stop Believin》（Journey）。本句陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时。主语为The top three songs，谓语用复数。故填are。 Section B (10分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enter B. echo C. physical D. linked E. supposed F. initial G. literally H. diverse I. weather J. alternative K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have ___11___ names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which ___12___ means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they ___13___ Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could ___14___ across a wide area. However, there is no ___15___ evidence reaching the ground. A(n) ___16___ explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from ___17___ sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, ___18___ ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is ___19___ to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these ____20____ mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. 【答案】11. H 12. G 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. J 17. I 18. K 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了天震这一物理现象以及对其成因的相关解释，并指出或许不同地方的天震有不同的成因，但目前其真实原因仍然是个谜。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：世界各地都有关于天震的报道，不同地区的当地人对天震有不同的称呼。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰names。根据“in different regions”可知，不同地区有不同的称呼。diverse意为“不同的”。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：日本人将它们称为“uminari”，字面意思是“大海的哭声”。空处修饰动词means，应用副词。这里是对“uminari”字面义的解释。literally意为“按字面，字面上”作状语。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些太空岩石在进入地球大气层时会爆炸。空处作when时间状语从句的谓语，应用动词。一般现在时，表示将来。根据空后的“Earth’s atmosphere”可知，这里指进入地球的大气层。enter意为“进入”。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果这发生在厚厚的云层之上，声音可能会在广阔的区域内回响。空前有could，空处应用不及物动词的原形。根据“the sound”和“across a wide area”可知，这里表示声音在广阔区域内产生回响。echo意为“回响”should后接动词原形。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，没有实证到达地面。空处应用形容词作定语。根据空后的“evidence”可知，这里指证明声音到达地面的实物证据。physical意为“物质的，有形的”作定语。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一种解释是气体从湖底流出。根据第二段的“Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause.(一些科学家认为，一种流星可能是原因。)”可知，前面给了关于天震的一种解释，认为可能是流星造成的，这里讲述另一种解释，应用形容词alternative，意为“可替代的，另外的”作定语。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员将当地新闻报道与天气传感器和地震探测器的信息进行了比较。根据下文中的“because of special weather conditions”可知，研究人员考虑了天气状况，由此可知，他们有搜集天气传感器的信息。weather意为“天气”作定语。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，有效地排除了地面震动是造成这种现象的原因。空处用副词，修饰ruling。根据“They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises”可知，无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，这种发现可以有效排除地面震动是诱发因素。effectively意为“有效地”作状语。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们得出结论，这种现象与大气有关。根据“this phenomenon is”和“to the atmosphere”可知，这种现象与大气有关。be linked to意为“与……有联系”符合句意。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：多年来，许多这些所谓的神秘噪音被证明是由飞行速度超过声速的军用飞机引起的。空处应用形容词，修饰mystery noises。这里表示所谓的神秘噪音。supposed意为“所谓的，误信的”。故选E。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. ___23___ , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives ___24___ . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the ___25___ eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to ___26___ in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the ___27___ . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold ___28___ us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the ___29___ burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father ____30____ your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to ____31____ his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even ____32____ what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often ____33____ by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to ____34____ . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his ____35____ , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook 22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity 23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific 25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching 26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide 27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense 28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within 29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music 30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel 31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain 32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond 33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked 34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward 35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. space 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在保守的威尔顿学院，一位富有激情与独特气质的英语教师约翰·基廷用一种独特的方式教授学生，给他的学生带来了巨大的影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰·基廷是一位充满神秘和激情的英语老师，他走进了学院，就像一股清新的气息进入了沉闷的房间。A. air气质，氛围；B. gesture姿势；C. mood情绪；D. outlook展望。根据下文“mystery and passion”可知应该是带有神秘和激情的氛围，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的出现本身就是对这所学校长期建立的规范的挑战。A. threat威胁；B. barrier障碍；C. challenge挑战；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学理念和方式与学校传统的规范不一致，因此他是学校长期建立的规范的挑战。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他有一种独特的方式让文字生动起来。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他不讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则，相反的他用的一种独特方式授课，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让你的生活与众不同。A. mysterious神秘的；B. extraordinary非凡的；C. practical实际的；D. specific明确的。根据下文“These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions. (这些人曾经和你一样，有梦想，有潜力。别让这个地方埋葬了你的野心)”可知，约翰·基廷鼓励自己学生与众不同，故选B。 25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的特殊避难所“Whispers of the Bard”是一个神奇的地方，可以躲避学校当局的监视。A. caring关心；B. shining发光；C. wandering徘徊；D. watching监视。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学方法违法了学校的规范，所以这是一个能躲避学校监视的地方，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会满怀热情地背诵诗歌，歌词似乎在空中翩翩起舞。A. dance跳舞；B. float漂浮；C. move移动；D. slide滑动。根据上文“He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm”可知他充满热情地朗诵诗歌，就像歌词在空中舞动，形容诗歌的美感和灵动，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是灵魂的语言。A. insight洞察力；B. innocence天真；C. soul灵感；D. sense感觉。根据下文“It’s the way we express the deepest desires (是我们表达内心深处欲望的方式)”可知说明诗歌是灵魂的语言，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意： 这是我们表达内心最深处的渴望和最疯狂的梦想的方式。A. between在……之间；B. upon在……之上；C. into到……里面；D. within在……之内。根据上文“It’s the language of the ___7___”可知诗歌是灵魂的语言，所以应该是表达我们内心深处的东西，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼尔·佩里对舞台有着一种隐藏的热情，他的内心像一团小火一样燃烧着，基廷就像一颗指路的星。A. poetry诗歌；B. stage舞台；C. match比赛；D. music音乐。根据下文“He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you”可知，佩里对舞台有热情，stage是词汇复现，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到了尼尔眼中的潜力，对他说：“尼尔，舞台在等着你。不要让任何人，即使是你父亲，蒙蔽了你的光芒。你的梦想是宝贵的，你有天赋去实现它们。”A. dim使暗淡；B. adjust调整；C. flash使闪光；D. fuel加燃料。根据下文“Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.”可知基廷鼓励尼尔去实现他的梦想，所以是不让任何人蒙蔽他的光芒，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他帮助尼尔练习台词，教他如何通过每个字来表达自己的情感。A. conceal隐藏；B. project表达；C. stimulate刺激；D. sustain维持。根据上文“He helped Neil practice his lines”可知基廷帮助尼尔练习台词，用文字表达自己的情感，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次在基廷的指导下，尼尔都变得更加自信，他相信自己甚至可以超越父亲对他的期望。A. fall within应列入……范围内；B. persist in坚持；C. keep off不接近；D. go beyond超出。根据上文“Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident”可知尼尔变得更加自信，感觉自己可以超越父亲对他的期望，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：托德·安德森（Todd Anderson）生性害羞，常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，而他似乎样样都很出色，基廷注意到他有洞察文学深层含义的天赋。 A. overseen监督；B. overshadowed使失色；C. overestimated估计过高；D. overlooked忽略。根据上文“For Todd Anderson, who was shy”可知他生性害羞，所以常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“托德，”他说，“你的头脑是个宝箱。打开它，与世界分享你的想法。不要害怕脱颖而出。你的解释和其他人的解释一样有价值。”A. step away走开；B. fit in融入；C. stand out突出，脱颖而出；D. push forward推进。根据上文“your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world.”可知基廷鼓励托德与世界分享自己的想法，也就是不要害怕突出，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在基廷的鼓励下，托德开始走出自己的壳，鼓起勇气说出来，表达自己的想法。A. routine常规；B. shell外壳；C. circle圆圈；D. space空间。根据下文“finding the courage to speak up and express himself”说明托德在基廷的鼓励下走出自己的壳，即克服害羞。故选B。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science — a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 36 What is the main idea of the passage? A. The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B. The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C. The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D. The transformation of base metals into gold through magic. 37. What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments? A. To turn human urine into gold. B. To discover a new element. C. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry. 38. The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundation 39. What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage? A. He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods. B. He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry. C. He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas. D. He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了商人亨尼格·布兰德是如何意外发现了磷这种物质的，以及其发现的深远意义。 【36题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements.(1669年，一位名叫亨尼格·布兰德的德国商人开始了一项不寻常的探索，这项探索将导致化学史上最令人着迷的发现之一。长久以来，炼金术士梦想着神奇地将贱金属变成黄金，布兰德在这个梦想的驱使下，进行了一系列的实验，这些实验将永远改变我们对元素的理解)”以及第四段“Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious.(布兰德将这种发光材料命名为“磷”，这个词来源于希腊语，意思是“光的承担者”。磷的发现不仅是科学上的突破；它吸引了公众和科学界的想象力。它在黑暗中发光的能力既迷人又神秘)”结合文章主要说明了商人亨尼格·布兰德是如何意外发现了磷这种物质的，以及其发现的深远意义。可知，这篇文章的主旨是磷的偶然发现及其科学影响。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵).(布兰德的旅程始于一个假设，即创造“黄金”的关键存在于人的尿液中。这个看似奇怪的想法是由于观察到尿液和贵金属有相似的黄色。基于这一信念，布兰德收集了惊人的5000升尿液，并让它静置发酵)”可知，亨尼格·布兰德开始实验时的最初目标是把人尿变成金子。故选A。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry.(它标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始)”以及后文“in the field of science”可知，磷的发现标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始，说明是科学领域的基础。故划线词cornerstone意思是“基础”，与foundation意思相近。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry.(1669年，一位名叫亨尼格·布兰德的德国商人开始了一项不寻常的探索，这项探索将导致化学史上最令人着迷的发现之一)”以及最后一段“Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment.(布兰德的“磷”曾被视为致富的手段，如今却成为科学领域的基石，清楚地展示了好奇心的力量，以及通往启蒙的意外之路)”可知，亨尼·布兰德是个具有好奇心的人，愿意探索非传统的想法。故选C。 B Going underground? The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and West End of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takes just 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costs from as little as £1.80 for an adult single to travel anywhere else on the system. First Trains Last Trains Outer Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun. Outer Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun. From Govan 06:30 10:00 From Govan 23:16 17:50 From St Enoch 06:34 10:03 From St Enoch 23:30 18:03 Inner Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun. Inner Circle Mon. to Sat. Sun. From Govan 06:30 10:00 From Govan 23:16 17:50 From St Enoch 06:32 10:00 From St Enoch 23:28 18:00 Subway tickets Type Adult Child** * unlimited travel for one day ** Applies to children under 16 years old. Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult. Single £1.80 £0.85 Return £3.40 £1.60 All day* £4.30 £2.15 40. According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE? A. The subway is the only way to travel in the city. B. The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day. C. An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes. D. An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80. 41. To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at ________. A. 6:34 B. 6:32 C. 10:00 D. 10:03 42. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying ________. A. £6.45 B. £8.40 C. £10.75 D. £12.90 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了格拉斯哥地铁的线路、时刻表、票价等信息。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“Going underground?”下面的“Running every four minutes at peak times, it takes just 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costs from as little as £1.80 for an adult single to travel anywhere else on the system.(在高峰时段每四分钟开一次，只需24分钟即可完成15个车站的循环，成年单身人士在系统上去任何其他地方出行的费用低至1.80英镑。)”可知，一个成年单身者在地铁系统内去任何地方的出行费用都低至1.80英镑。由此可知，一个成年单身乘坐完整线路只需1.80英镑。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据时刻表“First Trains”下面的“Outer Circle”一列的“From St Enoch”，对应的“Mon. to Sat.”下面一列的“06:34”、“Sun.”下面一列的“10:03”，以及“Inner Circle”一列的“From St Enoch”，对应的“Mon. to Sat.”下面一列的“06:32”、“Sun.”下面一列的“10:00”可知，在第一班车次中，外环线路周一至周六从St Enoch出发的时间是6:34，周日是10:03，而内环线路周一至周六从St Enoch出发的时间是6:32，周日是10:00。由此可知，想要在工作日早晨最快到Kelvinbridge，可以搭乘发自St Enoch的最早班车是6:32的车次。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Subway tickets”下面的内容“All day*”行和“Adult”“Child**”列对应的“£4.30”“£2.15”，以及右侧说明“* unlimited travel for one day(*一天无限制出行)”“** Applies to children under 16 years old.(**适用于16岁以下的儿童。)”“Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult.(5岁以下儿童可免费旅行由一名付费成人陪同。)”可知，一天无限制出行时，单个成人票价为4.30英镑，单个儿童票价为2.15英镑，儿童票价适用于16岁以下儿童，但5岁以下儿童由成人陪同时可免票，由此可知，一对夫妇带一个15岁的孩子和一个新生儿，选择一天无限制出行时，应付款：4.30×2+2.15=10.75英镑。故选C。 C For the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now. A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy — before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does. Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives. The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood. From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving birth. And it wasn't just one area or network — 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are. 43. The passage mainly tells us ________. A. how pregnancy impacts women’s memory B. how brain scans lead to a breakthrough C. how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy 44. Based on the research, a pregnant woman should ________ changes accompanying “mommy brain”? A. peacefully accept B. consciously avoid C. completely ignore D. eagerly expect 45. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ________. A. researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change faster B. despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormones C. hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescence D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after child birth 46. What is the structure of this passage? A Presenting a finding → Explaining → Relating with other findings B. Introducing a topic → Providing examples → Summarizing the main points C. Stating a problem → Proposing solutions → Evaluating the solutions D. Describing a phenomenon → Analyzing the causes → Predicting the future trends 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了怀孕期间大脑的变化。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“For the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline.(科学家们首次在整个怀孕时间线上观察了大脑)”、第二段“Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does.(之前对怀孕前后的脑成像研究表明，怀孕会缩小大脑的某些部位，特别是灰质。大脑的这些外层负责大脑的大部分感觉、学习和其他伟大的事情)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了怀孕期间大脑的变化。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive.(尽管“妈咪大脑”一词通常用来指一些人在怀孕期间感到的脑雾和健忘，但大脑的变化可能是适应性的)”可知，大脑的变化可能是适应性的。由此推知，孕妇应该平静地接受大脑的这种变化。故选A。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期) , also driven by hormones. (怀孕期间大脑变化的规模和模式与其他研究人员在青春期青少年大脑中观察到的相似，也是由荷尔蒙驱动的)”可知，与怀孕期间的大脑变化相似，荷尔蒙也可能会导致青春期后的大脑变化。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now.(人类经历的一些最剧烈的荷尔蒙变化发生在怀孕期间，但到目前为止，这九个月一直是人类神经科学的黑匣子)”、第二段“A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy - before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does. (本周发表在《自然神经科学》上的一项新研究提供了迄今为止最全面的黑盒子内部观察。研究人员在一名女性怀孕的整个过程中对其大脑进行了26次扫描，包括怀孕前、怀孕中和怀孕后。脑部扫描显示，白质的轨迹在怀孕期间会变得更强。之前对怀孕前后的脑成像研究表明，怀孕会缩小大脑的某些部位，特别是灰质。大脑的这些外层负责大脑的大部分感觉、学习和其他伟大的事情)”、倒数第二段“The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期) , also driven by hormones. (怀孕期间大脑变化的规模和模式与其他研究人员在青春期青少年大脑中观察到的相似，也是由荷尔蒙驱动的)”可知，文章先介绍了大脑变化的研究发现，然后进行详细解释，并与其他研究发现进行相关联。故选A。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ratting on Crimes “You are never more than six feet away from a rat, ” goes the saying. Though it has been concluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. ___47___ The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and have been shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn't the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. ___48___ The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challenges throughout Africa. The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They first learned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. ___49___ The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they'd not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs. Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically in recent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20, 000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately. ___50___ They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. A. Previously, they've trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria. B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting. D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents. E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach. F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade. 【答案】47. C 48. A 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员训练非洲老鼠识别濒危动物制品气味的相关研究，以及利用这些训练有素的老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. (一组研究人员训练非洲老鼠识别濒危动物产品的气味，如象牙和犀牛角。)”可知下文应说这样做的目的，所以C选项“这项工作旨在提供一种低成本的检测系统来防止非法狩猎。”承接上文，说出了研究的目的，故选C。 【48题详解】 根据上文“This isn't the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. (总部位于坦桑尼亚的非营利组织APOPO已经不是第一次意识到超级老鼠劳动力的潜力了。)”和下文“The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challenges throughout Africa. (该组织希望为整个非洲面临的紧迫挑战提供低技术、低成本的解决方案。)”可知设空处也是在介绍该组织所做的事情，A选项“之前，他们训练成群的英雄老鼠来检测危险的细菌。”紧密连接上下文，符合题意，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据上文“They first learned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. (它们首先学会在几秒钟内闻到目标气味，以获得有味道的奖励。)”和下文“The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they'd not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. (最后一步是记忆巩固训练，在那里它们接触给它们5个月和8个月没有遇到过的气味。)”可知这是如何训练老鼠识别濒危动物产品的气味的过程，所以B选项“然后它们接触了用于掩盖非法野生动物贸易的常见气味。”符合题意，并且first，then和final也是提示词，故选B。 【50题详解】 根据下文“They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. (他们将装备定制的背心。它们会用前爪拉一个小球，小球附着在背心的胸前，并发出哔哔声。这样，当老鼠发现目标时，它们就能提醒处理者。一旦经过充分训练和准备，这些巨型老鼠可能成为非法猎人最大的敌人)。”可知本段是关于老鼠工作的过程，所以F选项“为此目的，这些经过训练的老鼠将在非法野生动物贸易的热点地区工作。”符合题意，并且选项中的this purpose呼应上文（上一段）的停止捕获、杀害和收获动植物的行为，故选F。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Significance of Cattle in Maasai Society Cattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various forms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of the Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth. Cattle hold significant value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses dírectly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial. Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connection with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Maasai life revolves around cattle. Cattle products such as milk and meat play a fundamental role in Massai diet, reflecting communities’ wealth and strength. Cattle also matter in social life as a sign of social status and a contributor to unity and teamwork. Furthermore, cattle hold value in Massai rituals and ceremonies, bridging spiritual and physical worlds in Massai culture. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，马赛人的生活以牛为中心。牛奶和肉类等牛产品在马塞人的饮食中发挥着重要作用，反映了社区的财富和力量。牛在社会生活中也很重要，是社会地位的象征，也是团结和团队合作的贡献者。此外，牛在马塞人的仪式和仪式中占有重要地位，在马塞文化中架起了精神世界和物质世界的桥梁。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Cattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. ②The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. ③Cattle hold significant value in Maasai social life. ④Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Maasai life concentrates on cattle. Cattle products such as milk and meat play a fundamental role in Massai diet, which reflects communities’ wealth and strength. Cattle also play an important role in social life as a sign of social status and a contributor to unity and teamwork.  Furthermore, cattle hold value in Massai rituals and ceremonies, which bridge spiritual and physical worlds in Massai culture. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Cattle products such as milk and meat play a fundamental role in Massai diet, reflecting communities’ wealth and strength.(对原文第一段进行了概括。运用现在分词作状语等表达高级。) [高分句型2]：Furthermore, cattle hold value in Massai rituals and ceremonies, bridging spiritual and physical worlds in Massai culture.(对第三段进行了概括，运用现在分词作状语表达非常高级。) IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。(desert) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In busy farming seasons, the small remote village looks/appears/seems deserted. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和形容词。描述一般事实，用一般现在时；“农忙季节”译为in busy farming seasons，介词短语作状语；主语“这个偏远的小村子”译为the small remote village；“显得”用系动词look，appear或者seem，用第三人称单数；表语“空荡荡的”应用形容词deserted，故翻译为In busy farming seasons, the small remote village looks/appears/seems deserted. 53. 上海博物馆的埃及展太火爆了，根本抢不到票。(impossible) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Egyptian exhibition at the Shanghai Museum was so popular that it was almost impossible to get/buy tickets. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，形容词和结果状语从句。描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语“上海博物馆的埃及展”译为the Egyptian exhibition at the Shanghai Museum；be动词使用was；“太火爆了，根本抢不到票”用so...that...连接结果状语从句；“太火爆了”译为so popular，从句中用it作形式主语，be动词使用was；“不可能”译为“impossible”，动词不定式作真正的主语，“买票”译为“get/buy tickets”，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为The Egyptian exhibition at the Shanghai Museum was so popular that it was almost impossible to get/buy tickets. 54. 虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although this classic film was first released in 1998, it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans when it was re-released this month. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，让步状语从句，时间状语从句和动词。整句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映”用Although引导的让步状语从句，“这部经典老片”译为this classic film，“上映”用动词release，和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以前半句译为Although this classic filmwas first released in 1998，“但当它本月重新上映时”用when引导的时间状语从句，“重新上映”用动词re-release，所以时间状语从句译为when it was re-released this month，“引起极大的反响”译为generate/arouse/cause a huge response/feedback，“在影迷中”译为among fans，所以主句译为it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans。故整句翻译为Although this classic filmwas first released in 1998, it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans when it was re-released this month. 55. 这位原本深耕于科研领域的女学者，凭借自己坚持不懈的努力，历经极度严苛的训练，最终成为了一名宇航员。(engage) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With her own unremitting efforts and extremely rigorous training, the female scholar, who was originally deep in the field of scientific research eventually became an astronaut. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、副词、形容词、定语从句和动词时态。“凭借自己坚持不懈努力，历经极度严苛的训练”可以用with+宾语结构，表示为with her own unremitting efforts and extremely rigorous training，其中副词“极其”extremely，修饰形容词rigorous“严苛的”作状语；主语是 the female scholars表示“女学者”，“这位原本深耕于科研领域的”可以表达为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scholar，且在定语从句中作主语，用who引导，“原本地”是originally，作状语，“深耕于科研领域”表示为be deep in the field of scientific research，结合句子陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时，be动词用was，即主语部分为the female scholar, who was originally deep in the field of scientific research；谓语“成为”become，系动词，过去式为became，an astronaut表示“一名宇航员”，作表语。故翻译为With her own unremitting efforts and extremely rigorous training, the female scholar, who was originally deep in the field of scientific research eventually became an astronaut. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，近日有一位外国视频博主Mike正在中国旅行，他计划制作一期关于中国的视频。现在他向广大网友征集相关视频素材，视频打算聚焦中国近年来的快速发展与变化，例如：高速铁路 (high-speed trains)、共享单车 (shared bicycles)、移动支付 (mobile payment)、网上购物 (online shopping)、外卖餐饮 (food delivery) 等方面。 请你给他写一封邮件，为他提供具体的素材建议。 内容须包括： 1. 推荐你认为最具代表性的素材 (1~2个) ； 2. 结合自身经历给出理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m Li Ming, a senior student from Mingqi High School. I came across your request for video footage on China’s recent rapid development and changes, and I’d love to share some suggestions. Among the many highlights, I highly recommend capturing the convenience of China’s high-speed trains and the prevalence of mobile payment. During my summer vacation, I traveled from Beijing to Shanghai by high-speed train, which only took about four and a half hours — a journey that previously took over ten hours. It’s a testament to China’s incredible infrastructure development. Additionally, almost every shop, restaurant, and even street vendors accept mobile payment through apps like Alipay or WeChat Pay. It’s incredibly convenient, showcasing China’s leap into a digital economy. I believe these two aspects will provide compelling insights into China’s modern advancements. Best wishes for your video project! Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Mike写一封建议信，为他的视频推荐你认为最具代表性的素材，并结合自身经历给出推荐理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 迅速的：rapid→quick/fast 建议：suggestion→advice 证明：testament→proof 难以置信的：incredible→unbelievable 2. 句式拓展 简单句改为复合句 原句：Among the many highlights, I highly recommend capturing the convenience of China’s high-speed trains and the prevalence of mobile payment. 拓展句：Among the many highlights, I highly recommend that you should capture the convenience of China’s high-speed trains and the prevalence of mobile payment.. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During my summer vacation, I traveled from Beijing to Shanghai by high-speed train, which only took about four and a half hours — a journey that previously took over ten hours.(使用了which引导非限制性定语从句、that引导限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】It’s incredibly convenient, showcasing China’s leap into a digital economy. (使用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$