外刊及中国日报精选（2024.12.12期)文章改编：语法填空-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2024外刊及中国日报精选（2024.12.12期)文章改编：语法填空（答案+译文） 第一篇 Exercising for 30 minutes improves memory 每天锻炼30分钟可提高记忆力 Source: The Guardian Now scientists believe activity is not just a good idea for improving the day ahead – physical activity could be associated with small increase in memory scores the next, too. A study from University College London has shown that 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity and sleeping for at least six hours at night, could contribute to _______(improve)cognitive performance the following day. “The takeaway is just [that] physical activity is good for your brain and good sleep helps that,” said Dr Mikaela Bloomberg, first author of the study. The researchers noted physical activity had _______(previous) been associated with both short-term improvements in cognitive function and a reduced risk of dementia (n.痴呆，精神错乱). However, Bloomberg noted many studies looking at short-term impacts had been laboratory based, and primarily tracked_______(response) on a timescale of minutes to hours. These studies suggested benefits could be down to_______ increased blood flow to the brain and stimulation of chemicals known as neurotransmitters (n.神经传导物质). Now researchers say they have looked at the short-term impact of physical activity _______(carry) out in real life, not only finding benefits to the brain but revealing these appear to last longer than expected. _______(write) in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Bloomberg and colleagues report how 76 adults aged 50-83 years old, and who did not have cognitive impairment (n.（身体或智力方面的）损伤) or dementia, were asked to wear an accelerometer for eight days_______(track)their sleep and physical activity as they carried out their normal life. Each day, participants were also given simple online cognitive tests to probe their attention, memory and processing speed, among other faculties. The team said their results reveal that each 30-minute increase in moderate to vigorous physical activity on the previous day corresponded to a 2-5% increase in episodic and working memory scores the next, _______ only the latter remained once participants’ sleep data was considered. While Bloomberg noted it is difficult to say whether this corresponds to a tangible – clinical – difference for participants, she said the next step is to carry out similar work in people with cognitive impairments. “The idea is for people who have mild cognitive impairment, a very minor boost in cognitive performance on a day-to-day basis can make a huge difference,” she said. The team also found each 30-minute increase in sedentary (adj.久坐不动的) behaviour was associated with a small drop in working memory scores the next day – although Bloomberg said exactly how sedentary time_______(spent) could be important – while those who slept at least six hours a night had higher scores for episodic memory, attention and physical response speed the next day, after taking into account levels of physical activity,_______ those who had less sleep. However, the study has limitations, including that the participants had high levels of education, excellent health and high levels of everyday physical activity. 第二篇 Audiobooks: Streaming subscriptions are fuelling a listening boom “耳朵经济”：有声书市场火热 Source: The Economist The most popular musicians on Spotify this week included plenty of familiar names,_______ Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars to Billie Eilish. But also riding high in the streaming platform's charts were some _______(expect) stars, including Jane Austen, J.R.R. Tolkien and Boris Johnson. Spotify, best known as a music streamer, now deals in audio of all kinds. A year ago it began giving customers on its paid tier 15 free hours of audiobooks, equivalent to about a book and a half, per month. The plan has since been rolled out in ten mainly English-speaking markets; rock and pop now jostle (vt.争夺) for position in the charts alongside fantasy and politics (Mr. Johnson's autobiography embraces both). This month Amazon announced that it would follow Spotify's lead and give _______(subscriber) to its music-streaming service access to audiobooks, with one free book a month from Audible, its sister company. Amazon's Music Unlimited has little more than_______ third as many subscribers as Spotify, which boasts 252m worldwide. But in Audible it has been by far the dominant player in audiobooks, accounting for more than half the market. Amazon's move promises to add fuel to an audiobook boom. Sales so far this year_______(be) 27% higher than in the same period in 2023, according to the Association of American Publishers, a trade body,helped by Spotify's entry into the market. Once something of a footnote in the publishing world, audiobooks now make up 12% of America's consumer book market, a bigger share than e-books (see chart). Streaming is resented (v. 对某人或某事表示不满) by many musicians and record companies, _______ pine (v.渴望)for the days when listeners bought CDs for $15 a pop rather than streaming tracks for a fraction of a cent each. Book publishers are more enthusiastic. Music bosses “would kill for the deal we have”, boasts one, who says a stream on Spotify earns about the same as a physical book sale, once a lowish threshold (n.门槛，起点) of listening has been reached. Streaming platforms also bring in new readers by pointing them to books _______(relate) to podcasts they have enjoyed. The audiobook boom has given a particular boost to certain types of authors. Spotify says its subscribers are using their free hours_______(try) out less “safe” choices—_______they are not gripped(v.吸引) after a few minutes, they can switch to a different title at no cost. Audiobook consumers skew young and male, which is reflected in the many non-fiction and self-improvement titles in Spotify's charts. _______(publish) have long fretted (v.烦躁) that the digital world is dragging readers away from books. Now, for once, it might be helping.   第三篇 EV batteries: After Northvolt, Who will make batteries for Europe? “全村的希望”破产，欧洲电池业何去何从？ Source: The Economist FEW EUROPEAN startups have attracted as much attention—and none as much capital—as Northvolt. On November 21st the Swedish maker of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), and a would-be European champion, went bankrupt, _______(have) raised $15bn from governments and investors. Its boss, Peter Carlsson, resigned_______(short) after. Northvolt’s demise (n.倒闭，败落) widens an already gaping hole in Europe’s battery-making industry. The firm’s _______(produce) capacity of 16 gigawatt-hours (GWh) accounted for less than a tenth of the continent’s total (and problems with manufacturing meant it used only a fraction of that). But_______ the end of the decade, the company’s capacity was supposed to rise about four-fold, helping expand overall European capacity from 192GWh to 1,142GWh, according to Benchmark Minerals Intelligence, a research firm. That now looks optimistic. The collapse (倒闭)of a competitor may seem like good news for Europe’s other EV-battery hopefuls, _______ they are unlikely to cheer. The circumstances of Northvolt’s failure, including the huge technical challenge of scaling production, will not inspire investors_______(support) similar ventures. European carmakers that were backing battery-makers to further their own EV plans have scaled back investments and partnerships in response to slowing demand for EVs. PowerCo, owned by Volkswagen, _______(delay) expansion plans last year. EV sales in Europe dropped by 5% in the first ten months of this year, compared with the same period in 2023; in Germany they fell by 27%. EVs’ share of total car sales in Europe slipped from 14% to 13%. As hopes for a homegrown champion fade, Europe must turn to foreign battery-makers. LG Energy Solution (LGES), a South Korean manufacturer, runs the continent’s biggest battery facility in Poland, _______ accounts for half of Europe’s capacity. Next are SK Innovation, also South Korean, and China’s CATL, the world’s largest maker of batteries. In recent months, however, the two South Korean companies_______(signal) a pause in their expansion plans as they cut sales targets. LGES said in October it was considering converting EV-battery lines to grid-scale batteries. That leaves the continent with two options: CATL, which has made global_______(expand) one of its priorities, or imports from China, which manufactures around four-fifths of the world’s lithium-ion (n.锂离子) batteries. Neither option will delight European policymakers. 参考答案 第一篇 improved previously responses an carried Writing to track although is spent than 第二篇 from unexpected subscribers a are who related to try if Publishers 第三篇 having shortly production by but to support delayed which have signalled expansion 译文 第一篇： 现在，科学家们认为，活动不仅对改善未来的一天是个好主意，而且身体活动也可能与第二天记忆分数的小幅增加有关。 伦敦大学学院的一项研究表明，进行30分钟的中等至剧烈活动，并在晚上至少睡六个小时，有助于改善第二天的认知表现。 该研究的第一作者Mikaela Bloomberg博士说：“结论是，身体活动对你的大脑有好处，良好的睡眠有助于这一点。”研究人员指出，身体活动此前已被认为与短期认知功能改善和痴呆风险降低有关。 然而，彭博社指出，许多关于短期影响的研究都是在实验室进行的，主要跟踪的是几分钟到几小时的时间尺度上的反应。这些研究表明，好处可能在于增加流向大脑的血液，以及刺激被称为神经递质的化学物质。 现在，研究人员表示，他们已经研究了现实生活中身体活动的短期影响，不仅发现了对大脑的好处，还揭示了这些好处似乎比预期的持续更长时间。 在《国际行为营养与体育杂志》上，彭博社及其同事报告了76名年龄在50-83岁之间、没有认知障碍或痴呆症的成年人如何被要求佩戴加速度计八天，以跟踪他们正常生活中的睡眠和身体活动。 每天，参与者还会接受简单的在线认知测试，以探究他们的注意力、记忆力和处理速度等能力。 该团队表示，他们的研究结果表明，前一天中等到剧烈的身体活动每增加30分钟，第二天的工作记忆和情景记忆分数就会增加2%到5%，但在考虑参与者的睡眠数据后，只有工作记忆分数保持不变。 虽然彭博社指出，很难说这是否对应于参与者的实际——临床——差异，但她表示，下一步是在认知障碍患者中开展类似的工作。 她说：“这个想法是，对于那些轻度认知障碍的人来说，在日常认知表现上获得非常小的提升可以产生巨大的差异。” 研究小组还发现，久坐行为每增加30分钟，第二天的工作记忆分数就会小幅下降——尽管彭博社表示，久坐时间的具体用途可能很重要——而每晚睡眠至少6小时的人，在考虑了身体活动水平后，第二天在情景记忆、注意力和身体反应速度方面的得分高于睡眠时间较短的人。 然而，这项研究存在局限性，包括参与者受教育程度高，健康状况良好，日常体力活动水平高。 第二篇： Spotify上本周最受欢迎的音乐人包括许多熟悉的名字，从Lady Gaga和Bruno Mars到Billie Eilish。但在流媒体平台的排行榜上，还有一些意想不到的明星，包括简·奥斯汀、J·R·R·托尔金和鲍里斯·约翰逊。 Spotify以音乐流媒体服务闻名，现在提供各种音频。一年前，它开始向付费用户每月提供15个小时的免费有声读物，相当于大约1.5本书。此后，该计划已在10个主要讲英语的市场推出；摇滚和流行音乐现在与幻想和政治（约翰逊的自传同时包含两者）争夺排行榜的位置。 本月，亚马逊宣布，它将效仿Spotify的做法，向音乐流媒体服务的订户提供有声书服务，每月从Audible获得一本免费有声书。Audible是亚马逊的姊妹公司。亚马逊Music Unlimited的订户数量只有Spotify的三分之一，后者在全球拥有2.52亿订户。但在Audible，亚马逊是遥遥领先的有声书主导者，占据了超过一半的市场份额。 亚马逊此举有望为有声书热潮再添一把火。根据行业组织美国出版商协会的数据，在Spotify进入有声书市场的推动下，今年迄今为止，有声书销售额比去年同期增长了27%。有声书一度是出版界的小角色，如今已占美国消费者图书市场的12%，份额超过了电子书。 流媒体服务受到许多音乐人和唱片公司的反感，他们怀念听众购买每张15美元的CD的日子，而不是以每首几美分的价格流媒体播放歌曲。图书出版商则更为热情。一位音乐老板吹嘘称，“我们拥有的交易会让他们不惜一切代价”。他表示，一旦达到较低的收听门槛，在Spotify上流媒体播放一首歌的收入与实体书的销售收入大致相当。流媒体平台还通过推荐与听众喜欢的播客相关的书籍，吸引新的读者。 有声书的繁荣给某些类型的作者带来了特别的好处。Spotify表示，其订阅用户正在利用他们的免费时间尝试不那么“安全”的选择——如果他们在几分钟内没有被打动，他们可以免费切换到不同的标题。有声书消费者以年轻和男性为主，这反映在Spotify图表中的许多非小说和自我提升的标题中。出版商长期以来一直担心数字世界正在将读者从书籍中拉走。现在，这一次，它可能正在发挥作用。 第三篇： 食品、能源、水 欧洲的初创企业吸引了同样多的关注——以及同样多的资本——就像Northvolt一样。11月21日，这家瑞典的电动汽车电池制造商，一个有望成为欧洲冠军的公司，在从政府和投资者那里筹集了150亿美元后破产。其老板彼得·卡尔松在不久后辞职。 Northvolt的倒闭扩大了欧洲电池制造行业本已存在的巨大缺口。该公司的产能为16千兆瓦时（GWh），不到欧洲大陆总产能（制造问题意味着它只使用了其中的一小部分）的十分之一。但根据研究公司Benchmark Minerals Intelligence的数据，到2020年代末，该公司的产能预计会增长约四倍，帮助将欧洲的总产能从192GWh扩大到1,142GWh。现在看来这个目标有些乐观。 竞争对手的倒闭对欧洲其他电动汽车电池的希望者来说似乎是个好消息，但他们不太可能欢呼。Northvolt的失败情况，包括规模化生产的巨大技术挑战，不会激励投资者支持类似的项目。为了应对电动汽车需求放缓，曾支持电池制造商推进电动汽车计划的欧洲汽车制造商已经缩减了投资和合作伙伴关系。大众旗下的PowerCo去年推迟了扩张计划。与2023年同期相比，今年前十个月欧洲电动汽车销量下降了5%；在德国，销量下降了27%。电动汽车在欧洲汽车总销量中的份额从14%下滑到13%。 随着对本土冠军的希望逐渐消退，欧洲必须转向外国电池制造商。LG能源解决方案（LGES），一家韩国制造商，在波兰运营着欧洲最大的电池工厂，占欧洲电池产能的一半。其次是同样来自韩国的SK创新公司和中国的世界最大电池制造商宁德时代（CATL）。然而，近几个月来，这两家韩国公司通过削减销售目标，暗示暂停扩张计划。LGES在10月份表示，正在考虑将电动汽车电池线路转换为电网规模的电池。 只有两个选择：一个是将全球扩张作为首要任务之一的CATL，另一个是从中国进口，中国生产的锂离子电池占世界总产量的五分之四。这两种选择都不会让欧洲决策者高兴。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$