Unit 5 What an Adventure! 重点单词讲解 讲义 -2023-2024学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

B3U5 重点单词讲解 1. initial adj.开始的，最初的 v. 用名字的首字母签名于 initially adv.最初地 initiate v.开始，发起； initiate sb into sth 教某人做某事 initiation n. 初次尝试 initiator n. 创始人，发起人 initialise/-ze v. 使初始化，格式化 The initial letter should be capitalized. 首字母应大写。 补充：initiative n. 倡议;主动性,主动性 on one’s own initiative 主动地，自发地 the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议 take the initiative to do sth 主动做某事 seize /lose the initiative 掌握/丧失先机 2. thus adv.因此，从而=hence =therefore thus +doing 作结果状语，表意料之中的结果 Eg.The universities have expanded,thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education. 大学扩招了，这样就使更多人有机会接受高等教育。 3. zone n.地区，地带 v.将....划作区 comfort zone 舒适区 buffer zone 缓冲区 4. border n. 国界，边界 v. 与...接壤， 毗邻 borderline n.边界线，分界 the countries bordering the Pacific 太平洋沿岸国家 the border dispute 边界争端 on the border of在...的边缘；临近 5. confirm v．证实，证明；确认（安排，日期，情况等） confirmation n . 证实，证明;确认函 confirmed adj.根深蒂固的，坚定的 the newly confirmed cases 新增确诊病例 It has been confirmed that... 已经确定…… Eg. (1)What you have said confirms my opinion. 你的话证实了我的看法。 (2)It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下周举行。 (3) I would appreciate it if you could confirm your coming early. 如果你能尽快确认你的到来我将不胜感激。 6. crowd n.人群，观众 v.聚集，靠近，挤满 follow the crowd 随大流 crowd into 挤进，涌入 a crowd of /crows of一大群，许多的 be crowded with 挤满，充满....= be packed with overcrowded adj. 过度拥挤的 Eg. (1)On getting off the plane, the famous star was surrounded by a crowd of fans. 刚一下飞机, 这位著名的明星就被一群影迷围住了。 (2)She tried to sleep, but thoughts crowded in and images flashed into her mind. 她想睡觉, 但头脑中想法不断涌现, 画面一一闪现。 (3)The stadium was crowded with excited people waiting for their favourite player. 体育场里挤满了激动的人, 等待他们最喜欢的球员的到来 (4) Memories crowded (into) his mind. 往事涌上心头。 7.sheer adj. 纯粹的，十足的 sheer nonsense [ˈnɒnsəns] 一派胡言 8.bring...into focus 使……成为焦点 focus n. 焦点;集中点;焦距;中心 v.(使)集中;聚集 focus on = concentrate on 专注于，专心于 focus one's attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力/心思/精力于 9. attempt n.努力,尝试 vt.尝试;企图 attempted murder /robbery 谋杀/抢劫未遂 attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事 make an attempt at doing sth./to do sth. 尝试或努力做某事 at one's first attempt 某人第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事；希望做某事 Eg. (1)In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures. 为了吸引更多的顾客，他们采取了各种措施。 (2)If you fail at the first attempt，there is no need to care about that. 如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。 (3)I've attempted to convince her of his honesty, but in vain. 我试图让她相信他是诚实的，但是徒劳无果。 10. failure n．[U]失败，故障；[C]失败的人或事 ;（庄稼）歉收，（企业）倒闭 end/result in failure 以失败告终 power failure 停电 heart failure 心脏衰竭 consider sb/sth a total failure 认为...是一个十足的失败者/彻底失败 fail n. 不及格 get 3 passes and 2 fails 得到3个及格和2个不及格 v. 失败，没做成 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 never fail to do sth 必定会做某事 不及格(in) fail (in) the exam 考试不及格 出故障，失灵 The engine failed. 衰退，变弱； My eyesight failed. 使失望，辜负，使无能为力 Courage failed /deserted me. 我失去了勇气。 Words failed her with tears streaming down her face. 她泪流满面，说不出话来。 【反】success n. 成功 succeed v.成功 successful adj. 成功的 Eg. (1)Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 (2)In terms of career, he is a success，but in terms of family,he is a failure. 在事业上，他是一个成功的人，但是在家庭上，他却是一个失败者。 注意: failure作“失败”讲时，表示抽象概念，是不可数名词；作“失败的人/事”讲时，表示具体意义，是可数名词。在英语中有很多抽象名词可以在使用过程中具体化。常见的这类名词有beauty, danger, honour, pity, pleasure, success, surprise, difficulty等。 11. psychologist n.心理学家 psychology n.心理学 psychological [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj.心理的 psychologically adv.心理上地 12. thrill [θrɪl] n. 惊险;刺激;兴奋,激动 a thrill of excitement/joy 一阵激动/喜悦 v. 使兴奋，使激动 thrilled adj.非常兴奋的,极为激动的 thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的，惊险的，紧张的 thriller n.恐怖小说，惊悚片 be thrilled with/at/by 对....感到兴奋，激动 be thrilled to 非常高兴，非常愿意做某事 be thrilled with joy 乐不可支 13. port n.港口，（计算机）接口，端口 v.转移，移植 import v/n.进口，输入 export v/n.出口，输出，传播 airport 机场 passport 护照 transport v.运输 porter n.搬运工 portable adj.便携式的，轻便的 14.unaware adj.未察觉到的，未意识到的→aware adj.知道的,意识到的 →awareness  n.意识;知道→unawareness n.未觉察 be aware of 意识到…… be unaware of 没觉察到…… raise one’s awareness of 提高某人....的意识 Eg. In the past, people seemed unaware of the harm smoking did to their health. However, over the past decade, people’s health awareness has increased. As a result, smokers are aware of the dangers to their own health. 15.alcohol n. 酒精 alcoholic [ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk] adj. 酒精的 n. 酗酒者 I am allergic to alcohol. 我对酒精过敏 16. guideline n.指导方针 draw up /follow the guidelines 制定/遵循指导方针 guide v. 带领，引导 n.导游，向导，指南 a guide dog 导盲犬 guidance n.指导 under the guidance of 在...的指导下 guided adj.有指导的，有导游的 17.cloth n.布 clothes n.衣服 clothing n.衣服（总称）; 18.bleeding n.流血,失血 bleeding edge (有潜在问题的）前沿技术 bleed v.流血,失血；榨取 (bled/bled) bleed sb dry/white 把某人榨干 bleed to death 失血而亡 bleed heavily 大量失血 blood n. 血，血液 ,血统 be of noble blood出身贵族 Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。 make sb's blood boil使某人怒火中烧 bloodless adj无血色的;无情的;和平的 bloody adj 流血的;血腥的;残忍的 lifeblood n [U] 命脉;生命线 cold-blooded adj冷血的;残酷的 new blood n[U]新鲜血液;新生力量 bloodshot adj(眼睛)充血的;布满血丝的bloodthirsty adj嗜杀成性的 blood brother n [C] 拜把/结义兄弟 19. liquid n.液体 adj.液体的，(眼睛）清澈明亮的，水汪汪的 solid n.固体 adj.固体的，坚硬的，可靠的，实心的 20.injury n.伤害,损害 injured adj. 受伤的 injure v.伤害,损害 the injured 伤员 get injured 受伤 do sb an injury/do an injury to sb 伤害某人 Eg. (1)If I hadn't been wearing a seatbelt, I would have been injured. 如果我当时没系安全带的话, 我会受伤的。 (2)It is reported that the injured have been transferred to local hospitals for treatment. 报道称, 目前伤者已被转移至当地医院进行治疗。 21.stretch v.延伸，绵延；使竭尽所能 n. 伸展;一片(土地或水域);一段(时间) a dangerous stretch of road 危险路段the wide stretch of the lake宽阔的湖面 stretch one’s leg 活动活动腿脚 stretch oneself 伸展身体 at a stretch 连续地，不间断地 at full stretch 竭尽全力 stretchy adj. 有弹性的 stretchable adj.能伸展的 stretcher n. 担架 Eg. Remember to warm up before exercising and stretch at the end of your workout.记得运动前要热身，运动结束时要拉伸。 She used to read for hours at a stretch.她以前看书常常连看几小时。 Fire crews have been operating at full stretch today to try and save people from the burning building.各消防队今天一直在全力以赴地将人从着火的大楼中救出来。 22. charge n．主管，照顾，负责，要价，收费，电荷 v. 充电，控告，起诉，职责，收费，猛冲, 掌管 (1)charge (sb.) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事 (2)in charge (of...) 主管/看管/负责(……) in the charge of... 在……的掌管之下 take charge of... 负责/看管…… (3)free of charge 免费 Eg. (1)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. (2)In total, the salesman charged me 5，000 yuan for the computer. (3)Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet. (4)The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away. (5)You can play football in the stadium free of charge if you are a member. (6)We charged at the enemy. (7)Before use, the battery must be charged. 23.ahead [əˈhed] adv.在前面 ahead of time 提前；提早 go ahead 前进；进行 24. permit v．允许，准许，许可 (permitted/permitted/permitting) (1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Sb.be permitted to do sth. 某人被允许做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 time/weather permitting＝if time/weather permits 如果时间/天气允许的话 (2)permission n. 许可；允许 ask for permission 请求允许 without permission 未经允许 Eg. (1)Time permitting, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. 如果时间允许，我可能和朋友们一起去上海。 (2)Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 乘客只允许携带一个手提行李登机。 (3) We can't take photos here without permission．未经许可，我们不能在此拍照。 25.fascinated adj. 被迷住的；被吸引住的 be fascinated with /by 被...迷住 fascinate v.入迷, 迷住 fascinating adj.迷人的 fascination n.魅力,入迷 26. relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述 correlate v.使相互关联 (1)relate...to/with... 把……与……联系起来 relate to sb/ sth涉及；与……相关;理解并与......产生共鸣 (2)relation n. [U]关系； [C]亲属 in relation to 关于；与...相比 relationship n. (人际)关系 (3)relative adj.相对的；有关系的; n.亲戚；相关物 (4)related adj.有关系的；有关联的；讲述的 Eg. (1)He related how the accident happened when the police asked. 当警察问的时候，他叙述了事故发生的经过。 (2)I can't relate what he did to/with what I saw. 我无法把他所做的和我所看到的联系起来。 (3)The plan related to the project is under discussion. 与这项工程有关的计划正在讨论中。 (4） Many adults can’t relate to children. 很多大人不能理解他们的孩子。 (5） I have much to share in relation to learning methods. 关于学习方法，我有很多可以分享的。 27. astonish v．使吃惊,使惊讶 amaze/surprise/shock astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 吃惊的 be astonished to do/that... 某人惊讶于… in astonishment 吃惊地 astonishment n. 惊异，惊讶 to one's astonishment 令人吃惊的是 Eg. (1)The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。 (2)It was astonishing that she should accept such a hard job. 令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么困难的工作。 (3)He was astonished to see how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years. 家乡过去10年的变化使他感到惊奇。 (4)Much to my astonishment, she still remembered my name! 使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！ 28. consume v.消耗;吃,喝 ;使充满 consumer n.消费者,用户 consumption n.消费;消耗;消耗量,肺结核consumable adj.可消耗的;可消费的 time-/energy-consuming adj. 耗时的,费力的 for internal/public consumption 供内部使用/向公众公开 Eg. Having broken her brother’s bike, Jane was consumed with guilt. Jane 因把弟弟的自行车弄坏了而深感内疚。 29.distinguish v. 看清,认出,区分,辨别 Eg. It was foggy, so it's difficult to distinguish distant objects. 因为有雾，所以很难看清远处的东西。 (1)distinguish A from B =distinguish (between) A and B 区分A和B (2)distinguish oneself (as）（作为...) 出类拔萃 (3) distinguished adj. 卓越的;杰出的;高贵的 distinguished guest 贵宾 (4) distinguishable adj.可辨别的 Eg: (1) He distinguished himself as a writer at a very early age. 他年纪轻轻就成为了一名出类拔萃的作家。 (2)Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。 (3)Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished achievements. 说实话，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。 30.gradually adv逐渐地，逐步地 gradual adj,逐渐的;逐步的 31. surround v.环绕,围绕,包围，与... 紧密相关 issues surrounding climate change (1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth. 使某人/某物被某人/某物包围 be surrounded by/with被…围绕着；surround oneself with sb喜欢结交（某类人） (2) surrounding adj. 周围的 (3) surroundings n. 环境 Eg: (1)We stood at the edge of the lake, which is surrounded by/with trees. 我们站在湖边，湖的四周被树木环绕。 (2) Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding  hills. 站在山顶，我们可以清楚地看到周围的小山。 (3) Surround yourself with uplifting individuals. 多结交那些积极向上的人。 (4) Happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. 幸福就是一直有家人和朋友在身边。 32.wrinkled adj;有皱褶的 wrinkle n.皱纹v.(使)起皱纹 33.shore n. (江河等的)岸,滨 off shore 在海上离岸不远处 sea shore海岸 on shore在岸上 34.carpet n.地毯; 覆盖地面的一层厚东西 a carpet of sth. 地上厚厚的一层厚东西 近义:blanket n.毯子 v. 覆盖,盖住,笼罩 35.intensity n.(光、声等的)强度 intense adj.强烈的,激烈的 36.atom n.原子 atomic adj.原子的，原子能的 carbon atoms碳原子 37. depth n.深,深度 deep adj &adv.深的(地) deeply adv.深深地,很,非常 deepen v.使加深;使强烈 in depth 深入的,全面的 depth analysis 深层分析 length n. 长度 width n.宽度 height n. 高度 38.broad adj.宽的,阔的,广泛的 My father has broad shoulders我父亲的肩膀很宽厚。 broaden vi.扩大,变阔 ( broaden one’s horizons 拓宽某人的视野) broadness n.宽阔 broadly adv. 广泛地,宽广地,普遍地 broadband n.宽带 a broad range of issues 各种各样的问题 in broad daylight 在大白天 39.male n.雄性动物;男人,男子adj.男性的 female n.雌性动物adj.女性的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$