专题7 介词课件 2025年中考英语人教版一轮专题复习

第二部分　语法精研 专题七　介词 返回 目录 目录 CONTENTS 要点聚焦·精准导练 01 专项练习·能力通关 02 命题点一　表示时间的常用介词 1. at, on, in 介词 用法 示例 at 表示具体某一时间点 at 3：20, at noon, at this moment 表示某个节日期间 at the Spring Festival, at Christmas 某些习惯用法 at lunch, at night 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 on 表示具体某一天 on June 12, on Sunday 表示具体某个节日当天 on Father’s Day, on Teachers’ Day 表示具体某个特定的早上、中午或晚上 on a rainy night, on Monday evening 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 in 表示较长的一段时间（如年、月份和季节等） in 2025, in March of 1995, in summer 泛指上午、下午、傍晚、日间等 in the evening, in the daytime 某些习惯搭配 in the future, in time 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 2. in, after 介词 用法 示例 in 后接时间段，表示“……之 后”，与将来时连用 He will be back in two hours. after 后接时间点，表示“……之 后”，与将来时连用 He’ll be back after ten o’clock. 后接时间段，表示“……之 后”，与过去时连用 He returned after a week. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 3. since, from 介词 用法 示例 since 常用于完成时，表示“自……以来”，后接具体的过去某一时间点，或时间段＋ago，或时态为一般过去时的句子 Mr.Black has worked in Beijing since 1998. from 表示“从……起”，常与to构成词组from…to… He was sleeping from 2 p.m.to 4 p.m. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 4. by, until/till 介词 用法 示例 by 意为“不迟于（某时）；在……之前”，可表现在、过去或将来 He must have returned by next Monday. 意为“到……时候；当（某时候）到了” By the time you get home, it will be dark. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 until/ till 用于肯定句，意为“到……”，谓语动词用延续性动词 We are open till 6 o’clock. 用于否定句，意为“直到……才”，谓语动词用短暂性动词 The child didn’t go to bed until midnight. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 5. for, during, through 介词 用法 示例 for 后接时间段，意为“（时 间）长达……”，可与多 种时态连用，动词用延续 性动词 Bob and his family have lived in Guangzhou for ten years. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 during 后接时间段，意为“在……期间”，不用于现在完成时 During the meal, we talked about the TV play. through 表示“从……开始到结束”，强调动作发生的全过程 It’s very hot through the whole summer this year. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 小试身手 选词填空。 　since 　　until　　 in　　 after　　during　 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 　　Lin Peiying’s grandfather was born in Putian, Fujian. 1. ⁠ 1947， he went to study at Fudan University. He left for Taiwan to visit his sister 2. the summer vacation that year. However, the trip changed his life. For some reason, he couldn’t return to the mainland 3. the late 1980s. People from both sides have visited each other once again 4. the end of the 1980s. Millions of them have traveled from Taiwan to the mainland to look for their family. Lin Peiying’s grandfather was among those. 5. 40 years’ wait, he could see his relatives again. It was a really exciting reunion. In　 during　 until　 since　 After　 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 命题点二　表示空间、地点、方位的常用介词 1. at, on, in 介词 用法 示例 at 用于较小的场所（建筑物、公共场所等） at the cinema, at school, at home, at the station 用于街道/门牌号码前 at 403 Brook Street on 与……表面相接触 on the floor, on the table 在任何广大的面上 on the farm/moon, on the island 与线的接触，可译作“接近”“紧挨”等 We lived in a town on the coast. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 in 在较大的地方（国家、城 市、乡镇、水域等） in the city, in China, in Asia 在周围的环境是立体（即 四面八方都有东西环绕） 的地方 in a forest, in the classroom, in his schoolbag 固定搭配 in the sky, in space 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 2. over, above 介词 用法 示例 over “在……之上；在……垂直正上方”，反义词为under There is a bridge over the river. above “在……之上；高于……”，相对高度，不一定是正上方，反义词为below I heard a strange noise coming from the room above. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 3. between, among 介词 用法 示例 between 两者之间，常用于 “between A and B”或“between＋复数名词”的结构 The girl is sitting between her father and mother. among 三者或三者以上之间 The man quickly disappeared among the crowd. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 4. across, through 介词 用法 示例 across 强调从物体表面穿过 Don’t go across the road when the traffic is heavy. through 强调从立体空间穿过， 贯穿 The sand ran through my fingers. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 5. to, into, onto, for, towards 介词 用法 示例 to “到……去”，表示移 动方向 He’s going to Paris. into “进入……里”，表示 运动或变化，侧重动作 The boy rushed into the house. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 onto “到……上”，表示位 置的改变 Move the books onto the second shelf. for “向……”，表示去向 He’ll leave for Australia next week. towards “向……进发”，并不 表示“到达”之意 I picked up the ball and passed it to him. Then I walked towards my house. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 by “在……边上”，较near更近 She stood by the window, watching the children playing in the garden. at 在……旁边 We ate at the table. beside “在……旁边”，相当于next to Put your shoes beside mine. 6. by, at, beside, near, next to 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 near “在……附近”，表 示的距离稍远些 Is there a post office near here? next to 紧靠……的旁边 There is a cafe next to the restaurant. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 小试身手 完形填空。 　　Joy loves exploring （探索） places on her mountain bike. However, last month she had an experience that she will never forget. She was riding  　1　 the forest while the sun was going down. She was enjoying the beautiful colors  　2　 the sky and because of this, she didn’t notice a deep hole in the ground and fell  　3　 it. What’s worse, her arm was caught  　4　 two rocks. They were too heavy for her to move. As a result, she couldn’t get  　5　 the hole. So she started shouting  　6　 help, but there was no answer. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 Night came and Joy was afraid, cold and in a lot of pain. She was too tired and decided to get some sleep. But just as she was closing her eyes, she heard a car passing by  　7　. Then an idea came to her. She reached her bike with the other hand, turned on the light and moved it around. Luckily, the driver of the car saw the light and drove  　8　 the hole. Joy was saved at last! 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 （　B　）1. A. over B. through C. across （　A　）2. A. in B. on C. at （　C　）3. A. onto B. from C. into （　A　）4. A. between B. among C. beside （　B　）5. A. along with B. out of C. up with （　B　）6. A. to B. for C. from （　B　）7. A. over B. above C. below （　A　）8. A. towards B. off C. by B A C A B B B A 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 命题点三　表示凭借（某种）方式、手段或工具的常用介词 by, in, on, with, through 介词 用法 示例 by 凭借“工具或手段”，名词前不用冠词，若后接动词，则用动名词形式 The work must be done by hand. 后接表示交通工具的单数名词，且 名词前不加修饰词 I went to Russia by plane. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 in 表示用某种材料、语言以及声音 等，名词前不加冠词 He’ll make the speech in English tomorrow. 用于封闭型的交通工具前，且该名 词前有限定词 He goes to work in a car. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 on “以……方式”，用于手段、 通讯方式等 They talked on the phone. 用于开放型或半开放型的交通 工具前，且该名词前有限定 词。有时用于固定词组 She goes to school on a bus, not on foot. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 with “用/以/借助于……”，with＋ （限定词＋）具体的工具或方法 I like writing the letter with a pen. through 通过，凭借（某种）方式、方法 You can only achieve success through hard work. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 小试身手 选词填空。 　 on　　 in　　 with 　　through 　　by　 1. I didn’t hear you because I was listening to the news ⁠ the radio then. 2. （2024·宿迁） reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in finding the shopping mall. on　 By　 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 3. My cake was done. I cut it into small pieces ⁠ a knife and invited my parents to have a taste. 4. （2023·镇江）Dance is not just a form of art, but also a language which tells stories ⁠ the body. 5. In order to improve our writing skills, Mrs.Li asked each of us to keep a dairy ⁠ English every day. with　 through　 in　 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 1. except, besides, but 介词 用法 示例 except “只有……除外”，不包括 后面所提到的人或物 The office is open every day except Sundays. besides “除了……外还有……”， 相当于as well as Besides working as a teacher, he also writes novels in his spare time. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 but “除……之外”，常与表示否定意义的词连用。当前面有动词do时，but后跟动词原形 No one but Sam in our class has been to London. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 2. as, like 介词 用法 示例 as “作为；以……身份”，表 示事实 As a teacher, John thinks that his main duty is to help the students to become better learners. 可作连词，表示“好像，正 如；当……时候；随着；因 为” When in Rome, do as the Romans do. like 意为“像……一样” Sometimes you look just like my mom! 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 3. within, without, with 介词 用法 示例 within 不出（某段时间或距离）；在（某段时间或距离）之内 You should receive a reply within seven days. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 without “不；有”， 表示否定 He found the place without difficulty. with 和……； 用……； 随着…… Who would you like to go there with? 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 4. against, for 介词 用法 示例 against 反对；与……相反；紧靠；倚 There are 26 votes for him and 8 against him.The rain beat against the window. for 支持；拥护 Are you for my idea or against it? 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 5. 其他常用介词 介词 用法 示例 past 晚于；在……之后 It was past midnight when we got home. 经过；越过 Will you go past my house on your way home? 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 up 向；在（较高的 位置） They climbed up a hill. 沿着；顺着 We walked up the road, talking and laughing. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 down 从（高处）往 下；向下 Tears ran down her face when she heard the good news. 沿着；顺着；朝着 Go down the street till you reach the traffic lights. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 介词 用法 示例 under 在（到、通过）……下面 He puts his shoes under the bed. 少于；小于；不足 It took us under an hour. including 包括 Everyone in my family can play table tennis, including Tommy. 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 以下是李华的一篇习作，其中有六处错误，请找出并进行改正。 　　Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. Today I will share my reading habits for you. I love reading. I spend four hours a week in books. On weekdays, I usually read before going to bed. Though I read all kinds of books, I’m interested in history books most. My favorite book is Shiji written of Sima Qian. I learned many historical stories. for in of with on by 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 　　Most of the books I read are borrowed to the library. Sometimes, I also go to the bookstore and to buy books with my friends. to 　　A good book like a good friend. It not only helps me relax, but also opens up a whole new world to me. ∧ from is \ 要点聚焦·精准导练 返回 目录 一、选词填空。 　on　　 in　　 with　　 between 　　about　 1. （2024·北京）The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon June 2, 2024. on　 2. （2024·吉林）Look! The students in Class One are having a class meeting. It’s ⁠ good habits. 3. （2024·扬州）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ⁠ Yangzhou. about　 in　 专项练习·能力通关 返回 目录 4. （2024·宜宾）The touching story shows us that love and care can build a bridge ⁠ humans and animals. 5. Chinese traditional paper-cutting is an art of cutting out pictures from paper ⁠ a pair of scissors or a knife. between　 with　 专项练习·能力通关 返回 目录 二、（2024·吉林改编）用适当的介词完成语篇。 　　I’m Frank. When I was a little boy, I lived next 1. David. He liked to plant trees in his large yard 2. weekends. But the way he planted trees was quite different 3. mine. He never watered his new trees. I asked him why he did so, and he said that watering trees would be bad 4. them. He told me that watering these new trees would make roots （树根） shallow （浅的）, but deep roots were very important for trees to search for water under the earth 5. themselves. I didn’t understand his words 6. that time. to　 on　 from　 for　 by　 at　 专项练习·能力通关 返回 目录 　　7. several years, I came back to visit my parents. When I walked by David’s house, I saw the trees that he planted. They are strong now. I suddenly realize that planting a tree is 8. raising a child. As a father of two children, I shouldn’t take care 9. them too much. Instead, they should depend 10. themselves. In that case, whatever happens, they can make their own decisions. After　 like　 of　 on　 专项练习·能力通关 返回 目录 $$