第10讲 简单句 2025年中考英语语法专题复习 课件（外研版）

简单句 栏 目 导 航 语法过关 考点讲练 好题演练 素养提升 陈述句 B C She sent me a letter yesterday. / She sent a letter to me yesterday. 疑问句 B A I love them both. /I prefer apples. /I prefer pears. 祈使句 D B C 感叹句 B D A C A B A B C didn’t go There will be/ There is going to be Where did turn What a wonderful elephants the was Why hurt thinking at quickly wear angry 1. 陈述句的五种基本句型 结构 举例 ①主＋系＋表 I am honored. ②主＋谓（不及物动词） The students work very hard. ③主＋谓（及物动词）＋宾 I teach English. 结构 举例 ④主＋谓（及物动词）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 若将间接宾语和直接宾语调换位置，多数要在间接宾语前加to或for She sent me a present. ＝She sent a present to me. My father bought me a bike. ＝My father bought a bike for me. ⑤主＋谓（及物动词）＋宾＋宾补 The teacher asked the students to listen carefully. 陈述句的肯定形式和否定形式 肯定形式 否定形式 例句 ①谓语动词是be动词 在be动词后加not We are children. →We are not children. ②谓语动词只有实义动词 根据句子的时态、人称，在动词前加don't,doesn't 或didn't，同时还原动词 Jenny passed the exam. →Jenny didn't pass the exam. ③谓语动词含有情态动词、助动词(如will, has/have) 在情态动词或助动词后加not He can play the piano. →He can't play the piano. 肯定形式 否定形式 例句 ④句中有不定代词everybody/everything/all/ both/some或频度副词always等 变为no/never/none/neither/ nothing/nobody等表否定意义的单词 Everybody is in the music hall. →Nobody is in the music hall. ⑤以think/believe/suppose/ feel/expect等构成的宾语从句，主语是第一人称，时态为一般现在时 这类宾语从句中的否定not要移到前面主句的动词前，成为“否定前移” I think he is an honest boy. →I don't think he is an honest boy. 拓展笔记　完全否定和部分否定： (1)完全否定：常用not/no/no one/nobody/nothing/neither/none/never等词表示否定意义。如：Nobody can go back and start a new beginning. 没有人能回到过去重新开始。 (2)部分否定 ①用hardly/seldom/few/little等词表示。如：I hardly see anything in the room. 我在房间几乎没看见什么。 ②not和both/all/each/every/quite/always等连用表示部分否定。如：Not all students went to the playground. 学生没有全去操场。 ( )1.—Home is always the warmest place. —______ East or west, home is the best. A．I don't think so. B．I'm afraid not. C．I couldn't agree more. D．I hope not. ( )2.—What is the best way to see the beautiful countryside? —______．When I don't need to rush, I'd like to see it by bike. A．No problem B．Forget it C．Good luck D．It depends 3．她昨天给我寄了信。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________ 类别 用法 例句 ①一般 疑问句 be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分 Is he a student? 否定形式：be动词/助动词/情态动词＋not＋主语＋其他成分？ 事实若是肯定则回答yes，反之回答no Isn't the boy very clever? 这个男孩难道不聪明吗？ Yes, he is.不，他很聪明。 No, he isn't.是的，他不是很聪明。 ②特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句？ Why does Bob like history? 类别 用法 例句 ③选择 疑问句 一般疑问句＋or＋另一个备选对象？ Do you want tea or coffee? 特殊疑问句＋or＋另一个备选对象(或多个)？ Which would you like best, English, Chinese or math? ④反义 疑问句 陈述句/祈使句＋(与前一部分陈述相反的)简短问句？ 事实若是肯定则回答yes，反之回答no。 若陈述句中有no, hardly, never等表示否定意义的词，简短问句用肯定形式 (前肯后否，前否后肯) He is a policeman, isn't he？ 他是警察，不是吗？ Yes, he is.是的，他是警察。 No, he isn't.不，他不是警察。 ( )1.—May I use your computer? —______，but first you have to fold the clothes. A．Sure, I'd love to B．Yes, you can C．No, you can't D．I don’t think so ( )2.—______ did you stay in Huangyuan during their Lantern Festival? —For six days. How long B．How often C．How soon D．How many 3．回答问题。 Do you prefer apples or pears? ________________________________________________ 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令。祈使句对象(即主语)是第二人称时，主语通常都省略。 形式 结构 举例 肯定句 ①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分 Please remember to take an umbrella. ②Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分 Let's have a rest. ③Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分 Be careful. 否定句 ①Don't/Never＋动词原形 Don't shout at me！ ②No＋名词/动名词 No photos./No smoking. ③Don't let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分 ＝Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分 Don't let him run in the street. ＝Let him not run in the street. ④Don't＋be＋表语＋其他成分 Don't be late for school. ( )1.—Be ______， please！Your sister is reading a book. —All right！I will. A．happy B．crazy C．honest D．quiet ( )2.Hurry up, ______ you will miss the beginning of the concert. A．so B．or C．and D．but ( )3．—Mum，let's order some food online for dinner, ____？ —Good idea.I'd like some beef dumplings. A．will you B．won't you C．shall we D．do you 引导词 结构 例句 what What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a lovely girl (she is)！ What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What popular music (it is)! What interesting books (they are)！ how How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ How beautiful the present is！ How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ How kind a girl (she is)！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies！ 拓展笔记　倒装句 结构� 用法� 举例� � there be句型� ①其结构为There be＋n.＋状语 ②否定式：There be no＋n.＝There be not a/an/any＋n. � INCLUDEPICTURE "注意.tif" ���注意：肯定句中的some在否定和疑问句式中要改为any。� There is some juice in the bottle. →There isn't any juice in the bottle. —Are there five pens on the desk？ —Yes，there are./No，there aren't.� � ( )1.______ interesting movie it is！I want to see it again. A．What　 B．What an 　C．How 　D．How an ( )2.—Look at Panda YaYa！______ happy she is! —Yes.There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How ( )3.There ______ a big tree behind the shop.You can see many birds in it. A．is B．are C．was D．were 一、单项选择 ( )1.—Cindy, do you know Wan Buyan? —______. He received the title “Role Model of the Times” in May, 2023. A．Yes，there is. B．Yes，he will C．Yes，I do D．Yes，he is ( )2.—______ do you tidy your own room? —Twice a week. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long ( ) 3.—______ wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is！　 —So it is. A．How a B．How C．What a D．What ( ) 4.______ me. I'll show you the way. A．Follow B．Forget C．Leave D．Punish ( ) 5.Bob has few friends in his new school，______？ A．hasn't he B．does he C．doesn't he D．has he ( ) 6.—Will you go to the movies tomorrow? —If you don't go, ______． A．neither do I B．neither won't I C．neither will I D．neither have I 二、用正确的词或短语填空 1．Cindy went to Shanghai last weekend.(改为否定句) Cindy ___________ to Shanghai last weekend. 2．The students planted trees in the park last week.(对划线部分提问) ___________ the students plant trees last week? 3．Please ______(turn)off the lights before you leave the classroom. 4．他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊！ They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too.______________________ project it is! 5．下周我们学校将有一个艺术节。 ___________________________________ an art festival in our school next week. 三、语法填空 In February，there was a video about Asian elephants in Yunnan，in which two 1.____________(elephant) were fighting for food. By 2._________ end of 2022, the number of wild Asian elephants 3._______(be)more than 300. They started to visit villages.4._________ did they do so? Because they needed more space and food.But this brought losses for the farmers. Sometimes，the elephants were scared and 5.______(hurt) people. So the local government is 6.___________(think) of some smart ways to get along with the cute but naughty animals. If the elephants eat farmers' plants, farmers can get some money from the government. If the elephants get too close to people，fences(栅栏) can be built near villages and schools to protect people. If you see some elephants, stay 7._____ least 300 meters away from them.Also, you should leave the place 8.__________(quick)． If you are in a place with elephants, don't 9._______(wear) bright­colored clothes.Such clothes could make elephants 10.________(anger). $$