第8讲 动词的时态和语态课件 2025年中考英语语法专题复习（外研版）

动词的时态 和语态 栏 目 导 航 语法过关 考点讲练 好题演练 素养提升 六种基本时态 B A prefers B B A failed D D will be A C C am driving B B C was playing B C B D 动词的语态 D B D B tastes is grown have taken place have been set up A C A C C C D A have seen were playing doesn’t rain will go has gone would come wants finishes didn’t go finished arrived A B A C C A A B C B 1. 不同时态下动词的基本形式：掌握动词的五种形式，它们是构成不同动词时态的要素。 基本形式 构成方法 举例 原形 无变化 go, dance, leave 第三人 称单数 ①一般在动词原形后加­s dance­dances,leave­leaves ②以s, o, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，在词尾加­es go­goes, watch­watches ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改成i再加­es study­studies, fly­flies 过去式与 过去分词 ①一般在动词原形后加­ed work­worked, stay­stayed ②以e结尾的动词后只加d close­closed, like­liked ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改成i再加ed study­studied, carry­carried ④以重读闭音节且为单辅音字母结尾的动词，双写该辅音字母再加­ed stop­stopped, plan­planned 现在分词 与动名词 ①一般在动词原形后加­ing sleep­sleeping, go­going ②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ing smile­smiling, move­moving ③少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词，改ie为y，再加ing die­dying, lie­lying ④以重读闭音节且为单辅音字母结尾的动词，双写该辅音字母再加­ing sit­sitting, dig­digging 2. 动词的六种常用时态和用法 (1)一般现在时 结构 用法 举例 主语＋am/is/are/动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式 ①经常发生或习惯性动作 He reads every day. ②描述客观事实或真理 The sun rises in the east. ③在部分时间和条件状语从句中表示将来动作 If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. ( )1.She said that the earth ______ around the sun. A．traveled　 B．travels　 C．travel　 D．traveling ( )2.—Lucy，the Dragon Boat Festival is coming.I want to learn how to make zongzi. —OK.If my grandma ______ free tomorrow, she will teach us. A．is B．are C．am D．will be 3．He usually _________(prefer) reading books which tell traditional Chinese stories. (2)一般过去时 结构 用法 举例 主语＋was/were/动词过去式 ①表示过去某时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，句子中常有表示过去的时间状语 I lost the book yesterday. ②表示过去经常发生的动作或状态 Last year I wrote my diary every week, but this year I wrote my diary every month. ( )1.The Shenzhou­15 astronauts ______ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned ( )2.Jessica ______ every night before her Chinese test and got good results. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．will study ( )3.—How did you get to school yesterday? —I ______ my bike to school. rode　　　 B．ride　　　 C．rides　　　 D．riding 4．Last week my sister _______ (fail) her cooking exam because she burnt something. (3)一般将来时 结构 用法 举例 ①主语＋will/shall＋动词原形 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，句子中常有表示将来的时间状语 It will happen in the future. ②主语＋is/am/are＋going to＋动词原形 ①表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作； ②表示某种迹象表明某事要发生 I'm going to read the book. Look! It's going to rain！ ③主语＋be about to＋动词原形 表示即将、立刻、马上要发生的动作，后面一般不接时间状语 I'm about to leave. ( )1.I ______ ice skating this Sunday.Do you want to come? A．go B．went C．was going D．will go ( )2.—The car can not start.What can I do? —Don't worry.Tom and I ______ it a push. A．give B．gave C．have given D．will give 3．—What's your prediction about the future? —I think there _________ (be) less pollution in the future. (4)现在进行时 结构 用法 举例 主语＋am/is/are＋动词的现在分词 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作 I am reading. ②表示现在时间段正在持续发生的动作，但说话时该动作不一定正在发生 I am studying English these days.(这几天我每天都在学英语，但不是每时每刻都在学英语。) ③当表示位移的动词用于进行时态时，则表示该动作将要发生。如：leave, go, come等 I am leaving. 我将要走了。 ④当动词与频度副词always，forever等词连用时，则加强该动作的情感色彩 He is thinking of how to help others forever. He is always arguing about it. ( )1.—Where's your brother, Bob? —Look! He ______ the car in the yard. A．is cleaning B．cleaned C．cleans D．will clean ( )2.—Jim，I've got a problem with my car.Could you help me? —Sorry, not right now.I ______ a short video. A．make B．have made C．am making D．was making ( ) 3.—Why is Kate absent from class? —Oh, she ______ the meeting. A．was attending B．attended C．is attending D．attends 4．Sorry, buddy.I ____________(drive) at the moment.Can I call you back later? (5)过去进行时 结构 用法 举例 主语＋was/were＋动词的现在分词 ①表示过去某一时段或某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态 I was reading at that time. ②在用when/while引导的时间状语从句中，当动词为延续性动词，该动词要用过去进行时 I was doing homework while my mother was cooking. ③was/were ＋ going to do表示过去打算做某事 I was going to learn drawing. ( )1.—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I ______ chess with my grandfather. A．play B．was playing C．am playing D．played ( )2.—Tina, I called you just now but nobody answered. —Oh. I ______ a shower. A．am taking B．was taking C．has taken D．take ( )3.While we ______ an English song, some visitors came to our class. A．sing B．will sing C．were singing D．are singing 4．When Mom came home，Danny _____________(play) the piano in the living room. (6)现在完成时 结构 用法 举例 主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词 ①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have read the book. I love it. ②表示某延续性动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能持续下去， 常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋过去时间”连用 I have lived here for six years. 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换(箭头左边为短暂性动词)： arrive → be in/at　　 get up→ be up　　 come back → be back　 　die → be dead begin → be on open → be open marry → be married join → be a member of buy → have borrow → keep put on → wear leave → be away (from) 拓展笔记　have been to, have gone to 和have been in的区别 ①“have been to ＋ 地点”意为“去过某地”，此时人已经回来。　 如：I have been to Dali three times. It is my favorite vacation destination. (去过大理，现在已经回来了) ②“have gone to ＋ 地点”意为“(说话时)已经去了某地”，表示现在还没有回来，可能在去该地的途中或者已经到达该地。 如：—Excuse me, I'm here for Mrs.Green. —I'm sorry she isn't here. She has gone to China on vacation.(已经去了中国还未回来) ③“have been in ＋ 地点”意为“已经在某地(待了多久)”，表示一直在某个地方。　 如：Lucy has been in China for 5 years. She is teaching English in Nanjing University. (已经待在中国5年) ( )1.—______ you ______ about Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture. A．Has；heard B．Have；heard C．Did；hear D．Do；hear ( )2.—Who will talk about the development of American country music next week? —I suggest Brad. He ______ in Nashville，the home of country music, since he was a child. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live ( )3.This book must be great. My sister ______ it five times. A．reads B．has read C．is reading D．was reading ( )4.I ______ China for three months and this is the first time I've tried on hanfu. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语用被动语态。本书主要介绍被动语态，被动语态的基本构成形式为“助动词be＋实义动词的过去分词”。主动语态变成被动语态的方法： 宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动 1. 常见时态和结构中被动语态的构成 时态 结构 举例 ①一般现在时 主语＋am/is/are ＋ done This car is made in China. ②一般过去时 主语＋was/were ＋ done The robot was invented by college students. ③一般将来时 主语＋shall/will ＋be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month. 主语＋be(am/is/are) going to ＋be＋done The bridge is going to be finished in a month. ④含情态动词的被动语态 主语＋情态动词＋be＋done This tool can be used 拓展笔记　 ①当动词短语中有介词或副词，如listen to, take care of等，其介词或副词不可省略。 如：The children are taken care of by the nurse. ②当句子中有直接宾语和间接宾语时，将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语不变，如果把指物宾语变为主语，指人宾语前面应加介词to/for。 如：We gave him(间宾) the book(直宾). →He was given the book. ＝ The book was given to him. ③look, sound, feel, smell, become等连系动词和happen, last, take place, come out等不及物动词和短语用主动结构表示被动意义，连系动词和不及物动词无被动语态。 如：The cloth feels soft. The activity takes place yesterday. 2. 使用被动语态的几种常见情况 常见情况 举例 ①当不知道动作执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 Tea was first introduced into Europe in the 18th century. ②当强调动作的承受者时 Calculators(计算器) can't be used in the math exam. ③固定句型中常用的被动语态 It is reported that…(据报道……) It is believed that…(大家相信……) It is well known that…(众所周知……) It is thought that…(大家认为……) ( )1.When I was a pupil，some of my pocket money ______ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used ( )2.Many trees and flowers ______ every year to make our environment more beautiful. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．was planted ( )3.Some photos of the moon ______ in the Space Club next week. A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown ( )4.—Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ______？ —Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money. A．protect B．be protected C．are protected D．protected 5．—This kind of rice ______(taste) nice. —Yes, it __________(grow) in the Southeast of China. 6．这座城市已经发生了巨大的变化，而且已经建立了很多工厂。 Great changes _________________ in the city, and a lot of factories _________________. 一、单项选择 ( )1.If you heat ice, it ______ into water. A．turns B．turned C．was turning D．has turned ( )2.Yesterday I ______ basketball with my classmates.We had a good time. A．will play B．play C．played D．playing ( )3.I don't know if it ______ sunny tomorrow.If it ______ sunny，I will go fishing. A．will be；is B．is；will be C．will be；is going to be D．will；is ( )4.Could you please turn down the TV？Your father ______ on his article. A．was working B．worked C．is working D．works ( )5.When my friend called me yesterday, I ______ my mom in the kitchen. A．helped B．is helping C．was helping D．am helping ( )6.I saw Harry in February and I ______ him since then. A．didn't see B．won't see C．haven't seen D．don't see ( )7.Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced ( )8.—Would you mind telling me if he ______ the meeting in two days? —He won't，unless he ______． A．will attend；is invited B．attends；will be invited C．will attend；invites D．attends；is invited 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．We __________(see) several members of the family since we _________(arrive). 2．I found that the students _____________(play) football on the playground. 3．If it _____________(not rain) tomorrow, we ________(go) fishing. 4．—Where is Tom? —He _________(go) to the post office. He said he ____________(come) back soon. 5．Mike says he _______(want) to be a worker after he __________(finish) school. 6．She __________(not go) to bed until she _________(finish) her homework last night. 三、语法选择 David is a 15­year­old boy and he is crazy about space.He always 1.____ how space stations work.For him, a space camp is greater than any other camp in the world. At the age of seven, David 2.____ his first astronaut (宇航员) training experience.He and his parents 3.____ to a Family Space Camp.They had a taste of what it was like to travel 4.____ space.Everything was magical.5.____ excited David was! David has been to many space camps over the last eight years.Last month, he went to 6.____ new space camp.It had a lot of fun training programs, 7.____ he enjoyed all of them.There he was often asked why he liked space camps so much.“I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp, and I don't even need 8.____ the earth，” he said. These experiences 9.____ his life.Now David 10.____ space science.He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future. ( )1.A.wonders　 B．wonder　 C．wondered ( )2.A.will have B．had C．has ( )3.A.invited B．are invited C．were invited ( )4.A.on B．in C．for ( )5.A.How B．What C．What an ( )6.A.a B．an C．the ( )7.A.or B．but C．and ( )8.A.leave B．leaving C．to leave ( )9.A.have influenced B．influence C．influenced ( )10.A.was studying B．is studying C．study $$