2025年中考英语专项复习-宾语从句讲义（附带2023-2024真题以及答案解析）

中考专项-宾语从句 一、定义 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，它在句中充当宾语的作用。简单来说，就是一个句子作宾语，这个句子用来陈述一件事情、表达一个疑问或者表示一种愿望等。例如： He said that he would come.（“that he would come” 是宾语从句，作 “said” 的宾语，陈述了他会来这件事） 二、引导词 从属连词 that：本身无意义，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。它引导的宾语从句一般是陈述句。例如： I think (that) he is a good student.（“that” 可以省略） if/whether：表示 “是否”，引导一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句。例如： She asked me if/whether I had seen the movie.（“had I seen the movie” 是一般疑问句，转化为宾语从句后要用陈述句语序） 连接代词 包括what, who, whom, whose, which等：这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。例如： I don't know what he said.（“what” 在从句中作宾语） She wants to know who will come.（“who” 在从句中作主语） 连接副词 包括when, where, why, how等：在从句中作状语。例如： Can you tell me when we will have a meeting?（“when” 在从句中作时间状语） He asked me why I was late.（“why” 在从句中作原因状语） 三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。例如： 错误：I don't know where is he. 正确：I don't know where he is. 四、宾语从句的时态 1、主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。例如： She says that she likes reading books.（一般现在时） He says that he went to the park yesterday.（一般过去时） She says that she will visit her grandparents next week.（一般将来时） 2、主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。 一般过去时：从句谓语动词用过去式。例如： He said that he played football last weekend. 过去进行时：如果从句的动作在主句动作发生时正在进行，从句用过去进行时。例如： She said that she was watching TV at that time. 过去将来时：如果从句的动作是在主句动作之后发生，从句用过去将来时。例如： He said that he would come to my party. 过去完成时：如果从句的动作在主句动作之前已经完成，从句用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had finished her homework before her mother came back. 五、宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称（I, we），谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等表示 “认为、相信、猜想、期望” 的词时，宾语从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如： 错误：I think that he can't come. 正确：I don't think that he can come. 六、宾语从句的简化 1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有 be 动词时，可以将从句简化为 “连词 + 形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词” 的形式。例如： I found that he was very happy.→I found him very happy.（形容词） She saw that the boy was a student.→She saw the boy a student.（名词） He noticed that the book was on the table.→He noticed the book on the table.（介词短语） I heard that he was singing.→I heard him singing.（现在分词） She found that the window was broken.→She found the window broken.（过去分词） 2、当宾语从句的谓语动词是 “hope, wish, decide, agree” 等，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以将从句简化为 “不定式” 的形式。例如： He hoped that he could pass the exam.→He hoped to pass the exam. 中考真题集锦： 1．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）—Do you know ________ AI is being used to create music? —I’m not sure. Maybe it’s cheaper than paying a musician. A．why B．if C．how 2．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge C．why is practice powerful D．when we should start practicing 3．（2024·河北·中考真题）To know ________ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it. A．what B．when C．where D．which 4．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Could you tell me _________? — He likes the Science Museum best. A． when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best 5．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）—John, can you tell me _________ in the future? —I want to be a football player. A．what will you do B．where will you go C．what you will do D．where you will go 6．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）—Do you know ________ Dunhuang? —Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich. A．what they think of B．how to get to C．why many people travel to D．where we can learn about 7．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—I wonder ________? —I’m not sure. Let’s ask Miss Li for help. A．which subject should we choose B．what we can do with the rest materials C．that Bob went to the library just now 8．（2024·广西·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________? —In my hometown. A．how you usually go to school B．where you usually spend your holiday C．when you usually have breakfast at school 9．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）With the development of the technology, nobody knows ________ the world will be like. A．that B．what C．how 10．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? —It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it? A． how much does the jacket cost B．how much the jacket costs C．what was the price of the jacket D．whether the price of the jacket was high 11．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Teenagers don’t always understand ________ their parents have so many rules. A．why B．which C．where D．what 12．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess __________? —I suppose you took the high-speed train (高铁). A． how did I get there B． when I got there C．how I got there 13．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Could you tell me ______ people call these children “little oranges”? —Because they wear cute orange clothing and oranges are famous in Guangxi. A．how B．when C．why 14．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Can you tell me________? —Sure. I usually give some books to a village library. A． when World Book Day is B．when is World Book Day C．how you celebrate World Book Day D．how do you celebrate World Book Day 15．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Excuse me, do you know ________? —Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street. A． where I can buy some vegetables B．how to get to the post office C．when the band starts playing D．why he’s late for school again 16．（2024·吉林·中考真题）—Can you tell me _________? —Sure. By taking notes and watching English films. A．why we can learn English well B．when we can learn English well C．how we can learn English well 17．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—I wonder ________. —My best friend James. A．how can you spend the coming summer holidays B．how you can spend the coming summer holidays C．who will you spend the coming summer holidays with D．who you will spend the coming summer holidays with 18．（2023·辽宁锦州·中考真题）—Amy, I wonder ________ in the street when I come to pick you up. —Well, there’s a big tree with lovely flowers by the front gate at the moment. A． who I can go with B．how I can find your house C．why I can’t take the bus D．when I should arrive at your house 19．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Ben believes he ________ a college student in 3 years. A．becomes B．became C．will become D．has become 20．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— Could you please tell me ________? — It’s on the second floor. A．why you were late B．where the restroom is C．when the shop opens D．how the weather will be tomorrow 答案解析： 1．A 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么人工智能被用来创作音乐吗？——我不确定。也许它比付钱给音乐家便宜。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；if如果；how怎样。根据“AI is being used to create music”及“Maybe it’s cheaper than paying a musician.”可知，此处是询问为什么AI被用来创作音乐，答语给出了原因，应用why引导宾语从句。故选A。 2．B 【详解】句意：“实践出真知”这句话告诉我们如何获得知识。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；结合“Knowledge starts with practice”可知，强调方式，故选B。 3．A 【详解】句意：要想知道山顶是什么样子，你需要到达它。 考查宾语从句。what什么；when什么时候；where哪里；which哪一个。分析句子可知，此处指想知道山顶是什么样子，应用what引导宾语从句。故选A。 4．B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我凯文最喜欢哪个博物馆吗？——他最喜欢科学博物馆。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据答语“He likes the Science Museum best.”可知，询问最喜欢哪个，故选B。 5．C 【详解】句意：——约翰，你能告诉我你将来要做什么吗？——我想成为一名足球运动员。 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“I want to be a football player.”可知此处询问职业，用what引导宾语从句。故选C。 6．C 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么很多人去敦煌旅游吗？——因为那里的景色如此迷人，文化如此丰富。 考查宾语从句。根据“Because…”可知，此处询问原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选C。 7．B 【详解】句意：——我想知道我们能用剩下的材料做什么？——我不确定。让我们向李小姐求助。 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，wonder后接宾语从句，此处不能用that引导，排除C选项。从句应为陈述句语序，排除A选项。故选B。 8．B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你通常在哪里度假吗？——在我的家乡。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“In my hometown.”可知，对地点提问，故选B。 9．B 【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，没有人知道世界会是什么样子。 考查宾语从句。that引导宾语从句，无实义；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语；how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语。此处指没有人知道世界会是什么样子，用what引导宾语从句，充当like的宾语。故选B。 10．B 【详解】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我这件夹克多少钱吗？——它在搞特价，只要45元。你喜欢吗？ 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语“It’s on sale, only 45 yuan.”可知，是对价格提问，用how much，故选B。 11．A 【详解】句意：青少年并不总是理解为什么他们的父母有这么多规则。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；which哪一个；where在哪里；what什么。分析句子可知，此处是含宾语从句的复合句，从句不缺主语、宾语，故不用which、what引导从句。结合句子可知，此处询问原因，故用why。故选A。 12．C 【详解】句意：——我刚从广州回来。你能猜到我是怎么到那里的吗？——我想你坐的是高铁。 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句，用陈述语序，可排除A选项；根据“took the high-speed train (高铁).”可知，是让对方猜测如何去广州的，用how引导宾语从句。故选C。 13．C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我为什么人们叫这些孩子“小砂糖桔”吗？——因为他们穿着可爱的橙色衣服，桔子在广西很有名。 考查宾语从句。how怎样；when什么时候；why为什么。根据答语“Because…”可知，此处询问原因，应用why引导宾语从句。故选C。 14．C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何庆祝世界图书日的吗？——当然。我通常会把一些书送给村里的图书馆。 考查宾语从句。根据“I usually give some books to a village library.”及选项可知，此处询问如何庆祝世界读书日，询问方式，应用how引导宾语从句。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除D选项。故选C。 15．A 【详解】句意：——对不起，你知道在哪里可以买到蔬菜吗？——当然。这条街上有一家超市。 考查宾语从句。where I can buy some vegetables在哪里可以买到蔬菜；how to get to the post office去邮局怎么走；when the band starts playing乐队何时开始演奏；why he’s late for school again他为什么上学又迟到了。根据答语“Sure. There’s a supermarket down the streel.”可知，去超市买东西，故选A。 16．C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们怎样才能学好英语吗？——当然。通过做笔记和看英语电影。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；when什么时候；how怎样。根据“By taking notes and watching English films.”可知，此处询问学好英语的方法，故用how引导宾语从句。故选C。 17．D 【详解】句意：——我想知道你打算和谁一起过暑假。——我最好的朋友詹姆斯。 考查宾语从句。wonder后缺少宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；再由“My best friend James.”可知对人提问，用who引导宾语从句，排除B。故选D。 18．B 【详解】句意：——艾米，我来接你的时候不知道怎么在街上找到你家。——嗯，现在大门口有一棵开着可爱花朵的大树。 考查宾语从句。who I can go with我可以和谁一起去；how I can find your house我怎么能找到你家；why I can’t take the bus为什么我不能坐公共汽车；when I should arrive at your house我应该什么时候到达你家。根据答语“Well, there’s a big tree with lovely flowers by the front gate at the moment.”可知，询问怎么能找到对方的家。故选B。 19．C 【详解】句意：本相信三年后他会成为一名大学生。 考查动词时态。此句为宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不限，根据“in 3 years”（三年后）可知从句应用一般将来时，故选C。 20．B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗？——在二楼。 考查宾语从句。why you were late你为什么迟到；where the restroom is洗手间在哪里；when the shop opens商店什么时候开门；how the weather will be tomorrow明天天气如何。根据“It’s on the second floor.”可知是问地点，应用where引导宾语从句，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$