内容正文:
英语
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第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题二 名词
专项提升 名词的适当形式填空
(3年5考:真题除2024年外,每年1~2道,
2024省一模51题,2023省一模51题;
涉及题型:语法填空、2022写作第一节)
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考点精讲
用所给名词的适当形式填空主要涉及:①名词单数变复数;②名词变
形容词。
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考向 1 名词变复数(3年4考)
1. 填复数的判定方法(见本专题命题点 名词的数)
2. 变形方法
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加-s rule→ ① ______
friend→ ② ________
hand→ ③ _______
rules
friends
hands
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类别 构成方法 示例
以字母s,
x, sh, ch
结尾的词 加-es box→ ④ _______
class→ ⑤ _______
brush→ ⑥ ________
watch→ ⑦ _________
特例:stomach→ ⑧ __________
以辅音字
母加 y 结
尾的词 变 y 为i,再
加 -es century→ ⑨ _________
country→ ⑩ __________
baby→ ⑪ _______
lady→ ⑫ _______
boxes
classes
brushes
watches
stomachs
centuries
countries
babies
ladies
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类别 构成方法 示例
以f或fe结
尾的词 变f或fe为
v,再加-es leaf→ ⑬ _______
knife→ ⑭ _______
shelf→ ⑮ ________
wife→ ⑯ ______
特例:roof→ ⑰ ______
belief→ ⑱ _______
leaves
knives
shelves
wives
roofs
beliefs
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类别 构成方法 示例
以o结尾
的词 有生命的加
-es tomato→ ⑲ _________
potato→ ⑳ _________
hero→ ㉑ _______
特例:bamboo→ ㉒ _________
无生命的加
-s photo→ ㉓ _______
piano→ ㉔ _______
radio→ ㉕ _______
zoo→ ㉖ _____
tomatoes
potatoes
heroes
bamboos
photos
pianos
radios
zoos
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(2)不规则变化
构成方法 示例
a→e型 man→ ㉗ _____
woman→ ㉘ ________
fireman→ ㉙ ________
postman→ ㉚ _________
gentleman→ ㉛ ___________
policeman→ ㉜ __________
policewoman→ ㉝ _____________
特例:human→ ㉞ _________
men
women
firemen
postmen
gentlemen
policemen
policewomen
humans
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构成方法 示例
oo→ee型 foot→ ㉟ _____
tooth→ ㊱ ______
特例:boot→boots
feet
teeth
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构成方法 示例
“某国人”变化
口诀 ①中日永不变
Chinese→ ㊲ _________
Japanese→ ㊳ __________
②英法a变e
Englishman→ ㊴ ____________
Frenchman→ ㊵ ___________
Chinese
Japanese
Englishmen
Frenchmen
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构成方法 示例
“某国人”变化
口诀 ③其余s加后面
African→ ㊶ _________
American→ ㊷ ___________
Asian→ ㊸ _______
Australian→ ㊹ ____________
Canadian→ ㊺ ___________
European→ ㊻ ___________
German→ ㊼ __________
Indian→ ㊽ ________
Italian→ ㊾ ________
Korean→ ㊿ _________
Russian→ _________
Africans
Americans
Asians
Australians
Canadians
Europeans
Germans
Indians
Italians
Koreans
Russians
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构成方法 示例
单复数同形 deer→ _____
sheep→ _______
合成词:将
主体词变为
复数 passer-by→passers-by
toothbrush→toothbrushes
deer
sheep
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拓展
名词作定语时,其单复数的变化情况如下:
1. 被man/woman修饰的名词变复数时,需将该名词和man/woman均变为复
数形式。如:
a man doctor→two men doctors
a woman teacher→two women teachers
2. 被其他名词修饰的名词变复数时,只需把该名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→two girl students
a birthday gift→two birthday gifts
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考向 2 名词变形容词(2023.47)
1. 填形容词的判定方法
(1)所填词位于名词前作定语;
(2)所填词位于be动词后作表语;
(3)所填词位于形容词短语中,其结构为:be动词+形容词+介词;
(4)所填词位于感官动词和连系动词之后;
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(5)所填词位于复合不定代词后作后置定语;
(6)所填词位于定冠词the后表示一类人;
(7)所填词位于固定句型It is + adj.(+ for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 和
make / keep / leave + sb. / sth. + adj.中;
(8)所填词位于“形容词 + and / or + 形容词”结构中。
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2. 变形方法
注意:以下变形中有的名词需要双写末尾字母或去掉末尾字母 e 或把末尾
字母 y 变为 i 再加后缀
构成方法 示例
n. + -y snow→ ① _______
cloud→ ② _______
health→ ③ ________
fun→ ④ _______
sun→ ⑤ _______
noise→ ⑥ ______
snowy
cloudy
healthy
funny
sunny
noisy
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构成方法 示例
n. + -ful use→ ⑦ _______
peace→ ⑧ _________
wonder→ ⑨ ___________
care→ ⑩ ________
success→ ⑪ __________
beauty→ ⑫ _________
n. + -less care→ ⑬ ________
meaning→ ⑭ ____________
use→ ⑮ _______
useful
peaceful
wonderful
careful
successful
beautiful
careless
meaningless
useless
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构成方法 示例
n. + -al music→ ⑯ ________
education→ ⑰ ____________
person→ ⑱ _________
tradition→ ⑲ ___________
culture→ ⑳ _________
nature→ ㉑ ________
n. + -ly friend→ ㉒ _________
love→ ㉓ _______
week→ ㉔ ________
day→ ㉕ ______
musical
educational
personal
traditional
cultural
natural
friendly
lovely
weekly
daily
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构成方法 示例
n. + -ous danger→ ㉖ ___________
humor→ ㉗ __________
n. + -e(r)n east→ ㉘ ________
west→ ㉙ ________
gold→ ㉚ _______
wood→ ㉛ ________
dangerous
humorous
eastern
western
golden
wooden
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构成方法 示例
以-ence/-ance结
尾的名词,把
-ence/-ance变成
-ent/-ant confidence→ ㉜ _________
difference→㉝ _________
importance→㉞ __________
patience→㉟ ________
different
important
patient
confident
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构成方法 示例
表示国家的名词
变为表示国籍、
语言的形容词 America→ ㊱ __________
India→ ㊲ _______
Australia→ ㊳ ___________
China→ ㊴ _________
Japan→ ㊵ __________
Britain→ ㊶ ________
England→ ㊷ ________
特殊变形 pride→ ㊸ _______
hunger→ ㊹ ________
truth→ ㊺ _____
American
Indian
Australian
Chinese
Japanese
British
English
proud
hungry
true
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考向 3 名词变名词
1. 填名词的判定方法(见本书P77)
2. 初中常见的名词变名词
art→ ① ______ tour→ ② _______
violin→ ③ _________ piano→ ④ ________
science→ ⑤ _________ music→ ⑥ _________
magic→ ⑦ __________ law→ ⑧ _______
friend→ ⑨ ___________ office→ ⑩ _______
artist
tourist
violinist
pianist
scientist
musician
magician
lawyer
friendship
officer
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考向 4 名词变名词所有格
1. 填名词所有格的判定方法
(1)空格处所填词和空格后的名词是一种所属关系;
(2)空格处所填词是表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的词,空格后是名词。
2. 名词所有格的构成
名词所有格共有三种形式: 's所有格;of所有格;双重所有格。具体
情况如下:
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(1)'s所有格
类别 构成方法 示例
单数名词 加's the boy's book
your father's birthday
a day's work
China's capital
复数名词 不以 -s结尾 加's Children's Day
以 -s结尾 加' the girls' mom
表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加's Lucy and Lily's father
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类别 构成方法 示例
表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加's Jenny's and Sara's
teachers
注意
1. 表示诊所、某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的
名词常省略。如:
at Mary's 在玛丽家
go to the dentist's 去牙医诊所
2. 一些节日的表达用的是's所有格。如:
New Year's Day 新年
Women's Day 妇女节
April Fools' Day 愚人节
Mother's Day 母亲节
Children's Day 儿童节
Father's Day 父亲节
Teachers' Day 教师节
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(2)of 所有格
of 所有格的构成为:“名词 + of + 名词”,主要有以下两种用法:
①用于表示无生命事物的所有关系时,如:the owner of the schoolbag;
②用于表示有生命事物的所有关系时,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语
时,如:the name of the girl in red。
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考点精练
一、在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. People like to go camping on warm _______(sun) days in spring.
2. My grandfather likes collecting things, such as _________(watch) and
coins.
3. Sam sticks to playing the violin and he dreams of being a _________
(violin) some day.
4. Guiyang is one of the most important center ______(city) in the
southwest of China.
sunny
watches
violinist
cities
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5. Dangerous things like _______(knife) and medicine should be kept
out of children's reach.
6. Alice's room is tidy because she always puts away her _____(toy)
after playing with them.
7. How brave the two young _____(man) are! They saved the 8-year-
old girl from a big fire.
8. When we learn some new words, we should use them as much as
possible in our ______(day) life.
knives
toys
men
daily
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9. What a __________(success) speech Cathy has made after preparing
for it for a long time!
10. Pandas are the symbol of peace and ___________(friend). They are
China's national treasures.
11. The Lantern Festival is a ___________(tradition) Chinese festival,
and it also marks the end of the Spring Festival.
12. Knowledge can help open up _________(student) eyes to the
outside world and give them a good start in life.
successful
friendship
traditional
students'
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二、语法填空
My hobby is collecting stickers(贴画). It is also one of the most
popular 1. ________(hobby) among us. 2. _________(child) can enjoy
this hobby because it is not expensive.
I started collecting stickers when I was four years old. One day
when I was playing in my 3. ___________(neighbor) house, he showed
me his stacks of sticker albums(相册). I was amazed to see so many
4. __________(color) stickers of all shapes and sizes. He gave me
a few pieces from his collection. My interest in stickers started from that
day.
hobbies
Children
neighbor's
colorful
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I kept my first set of stickers in a notebook but my subsequent
(随后的) collections were kept in 5. _________(beauty) boxes. By
keeping the stickers in 6. _______(box), I can exchange some of my
stickers with my friends.
After my family 7. __________(member) knew my hobby of
collecting stickers, they began to buy stickers for me whenever they came
across nice ones. I love those stickers from my cousin who is an air
hostess. She bought them from different 8. __________(country) around
the world.
beautiful
boxes
members
countries
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During my free time, I will take out all my 9. _______(love)
collections, lay them on the ground and enjoy them. I want to be an
10. ______(art) and keep collecting stickers when I grow up. They
really bring me great happiness.
lovely
artist
$$