外刊时文阅读理解6专项练习-2025届高三英语一轮复习

题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage 1 字数：359 关键词：运动提高记忆力 来源：The Guidance In our daily lives, we often hear about the benefits of exercise for our physical health. But have you ever wondered about its effect on our memory? Well, a recent study from University College London has some interesting findings. The researchers discovered that 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, along with at least six hours of sleep at night, could potentially lead to an improvement in cognitive performance the following day. This means that activities like cycling to work or going for a brisk walk in the morning might not only make you feel good for the day but also have a positive impact on your memory the next day. Previous studies on the short-term effects of physical activity were mostly done in laboratories and focused on short time frames. However, this new study observed the real-life physical activity of 76 adults aged 50 - 83, who did not have cognitive impairment or dementia. These participants wore an accelerometer for eight days to track their sleep and physical activity. They also took simple online cognitive tests daily to measure their attention, memory, and processing speed. The results showed that each 30-minute increase in physical activity corresponded to a 2 - 5% increase in episodic and working memory scores the next day. But when sleep data was considered, only the working memory score improvement remained significant. The study also found that more sedentary behavior was associated with a drop in working memory scores, while getting enough sleep led to better scores in episodic memory and other aspects. Despite these findings, the study had its limitations. The participants were generally well-educated and had good health and high levels of daily physical activity, which might not represent the entire population. Also, the exact reason why exercise affects memory the next day is still unclear, as the benefits from neurotransmitters are thought to be short-lived. In conclusion, while we still have more to learn, this study suggests that staying active and getting enough sleep could be beneficial for our brain health and memory. So, let's put on our running shoes and hit the sack early to give our brains a boost! 1. What did the University College London study find? A. Any amount of exercise improves memory immediately. B. 30 minutes of exercise and proper sleep may enhance next-day cognitive ability. C. Only intense exercise affects memory. D. Sleep has no connection to memory improvement. 2. How was this study different from previous ones? A. It involved a larger number of participants. B. It was based on real-life activity tracking. C. It only studied younger people. D. It focused only on the long-term effects. 3. What were the participants asked to do in the study? A. Exercise for a fixed time every day. B. Wear a device and do cognitive tests. C. Change their diet drastically. D. Avoid all sedentary activities. 4. What are the limitations of the study? A. The participants were all athletes. B. It didn't consider the role of diet. C. The participants had specific characteristics. D. It was too expensive to conduct. 答案：BBBC 1． 文章中明确提到 “A study from University College London has shown that 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity and sleeping for at least six hours at night, could contribute to improved cognitive performance the following day.”，所以答案是 B。 2． 根据 “Now researchers say they have looked at the short-term impact of physical activity carried out in real life, not only finding benefits to the brain but revealing these appear to last longer than expected.” 可知，该研究与以往不同之处在于它基于对现实生活中身体活动的追踪，答案选 B。 3． 文中提到 “76 adults aged 50 - 83 years old... were asked to wear an accelerometer for eight days to track their sleep and physical activity... Each day, participants were also given simple online cognitive tests...”，说明参与者被要求佩戴设备并进行认知测试，答案为 B。 4． 文中指出 “However, the study has limitations, including that the participants had high levels of education, excellent health and high levels of everyday physical activity.”，这表明参与者具有特定的特征，所以答案选 C。 Passage2 字数：308 关键词：掉地上食物可以吃吗 来源：Popular science We've all heard of the "Five-Second Rule", which suggests that if you drop a piece of food on the floor and pick it up within five seconds, it's safe to eat. But is this really true? Scientists have conducted numerous studies to find out. (1)____ In 2003, Jillian Clarke, a senior at the Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences in Illinois, put the five-second rule to the test. She inoculated two types of tiles—smooth and rough—with Escherichia coli and dropped gummy bears and cookies on the tiles for five seconds. (2)____ But in 2014, microbiology professor Anthony Hilton and his students at Aston University in the United Kingdom reignited the debate. They studied the transfer of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus from a variety of indoor floor types (carpet, laminate, and tile) to toast, pasta, biscuit, and a sticky sweet, with contact times ranging between three to 30 seconds. (3)____ (4)____ “Based on our studies, the kitchen floor is one of the germiest spots in the house,” Charles P. Gerba, a microbiologist and professor of virology at the University of Arizona, tells Popular Science. Believe it or not, “the kitchen is actually germier than the restroom in the home,” he added. This is because, compared to other rooms in a house, the kitchen gets a lot of foot traffic and food debris often falls on the floor, creating an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. If you just hate throwing away food, there are safer options than relying on the five-second rule. (5)____ “Rinsing is a good idea if it is a fruit or vegetable, but it’s harder to rinse off microbes from meat due to their rougher surface,” Gerba said. “You should also rinse food off if it falls in the kitchen sink as it is also very germy because of the moisture in the sink,” he suggested. A. However, their findings were only shared in a press release and not in a peer-reviewed journal, so they couldn't be considered conclusive evidence for or against the rule. B. This shows that the transfer of bacteria can happen extremely quickly and casts doubt on the validity of the five-second rule. C. This indicated that the five-second rule might have some merit, but more research was needed to confirm it. D. But there are other factors to consider when deciding whether to eat food that has touched the floor, such as the level of contamination of the floor and the types of bacteria present. E. Some studies have challenged this rule, while others have seemed to offer some support, making it a controversial topic in the field of food science. F. In fact, rinsing dropped food can be a good way to reduce contamination, though it's not a completely reliable method. G. They found that bacteria transferred to food very quickly, even within just five seconds, challenging the common belief. 答案： E G C D F 解析： 空格前提出科学家做了很多研究来验证 “五秒规则” 是否正确，空格处需要一个能总述这些研究情况的句子，E 选项 “Some studies have challenged this rule, while others have seemed to offer some support, making it a controversial topic in the field of food science.”（一些研究对这一规则提出了质疑，而另一些似乎提供了一些支持，使其成为食品科学领域一个有争议的话题。）符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。 空格前描述了吉莉安・克拉克的实验过程，空格处应说明该实验的结果，G 选项 “They found that bacteria transferred to food very quickly, even within just five seconds, challenging the common belief.”（他们发现细菌能非常迅速地转移到食物上，甚至在短短五秒钟内，这对普遍的观点构成了挑战。）与前文实验内容衔接紧密，说明了实验发现的情况。 空格前介绍了安东尼・希尔顿及其学生的研究，空格处应阐述该研究的相关结论情况，C 选项 “This indicated that the five-second rule might have some merit, but more research was needed to confirm it.”（这表明 “五秒规则” 可能有一定的合理性，但还需要更多的研究来证实。）符合对该研究结论的表述，与前文呼应。 空格后提到厨房地板是家里细菌最多的地方等内容，是在说决定是否吃掉到地上食物需要考虑的其他因素，D 选项 “But there are other factors to consider when deciding whether to eat food that has touched the floor, such as the level of contamination of the floor and the types of bacteria present.”（但是在决定是否吃掉到地上的食物时，还有其他因素需要考虑，比如地板的污染程度和存在的细菌类型。）能够引出后文关于这些因素的具体描述，起到过渡作用。 空格前说如果不想扔掉食物，有比依赖 “五秒规则” 更安全的选择，空格处应具体说明这个选择是什么，F 选项 “In fact, rinsing dropped food can be a good way to reduce contamination, though it's not a completely reliable method.”（事实上，冲洗掉在地上的食物是减少污染的一个好方法，尽管它不是一个完全可靠的方法。）符合语境，对前面提到的更安全的选择进行了具体阐述 Passage 3 字数：237 关键词：圣诞狂欢 来源：Financial Times I used to think that enjoying a wonderful "son et lumière" (a sound and light show) meant traveling to a French château or a distant ancient ruin. But now, in suburban Chicago, my neighbors are creating their own versions. Surprisingly, even during tough economic times, people here haven't cut back on their holiday light displays. Middle and working-class areas near Chicago have elaborate shows, like those with holiday lights synchronized to "Jingle Bells." In North Carolina, after a hurricane, an inflatable Santa was seen on an emergency trailer. The Great Christmas Light Fight, a popular TV show, is now in its 12th season, with contestants vying to have the most magnificent home displays. The National Retail Federation said consumers still prioritize holidays. Americans plan to spend a significant amount on holiday gifts and decorations, with the decoration budget increasing by 17% compared to before the pandemic. However, these displays aren't cheap. Homeowners pay technicians to install and remove professional light setups. But as more people got involved, the cost of LED lights and related items dropped, and open-source software became available, making it more affordable. For example, Mike Soukup spent $2,500 - $5,000 over seven years for a 5,000-bulb show. Brett Foy's 75,000-light show was on TV, and he sees it as a passion investment that brings joy. In conclusion, these light shows offer a sense of nostalgia and happiness during the holidays, right in our neighborhoods. What did the author previously think about enjoying a "son et lumière"? A. It could only be done in Las Vegas. B. It required a trip to a special place. C. It was too expensive to enjoy. D. It was not popular in the US. What is the situation of holiday light displays in Chicago and its surrounding areas? A. Only the rich can afford them. B. They are decreasing due to the economy. C. Both middle and working classes participate. D. They are mainly simple and small-scale. What has contributed to the affordability of these elaborate light shows? A. The decrease in the price of LED lights and the availability of open-source software. B. The government's subsidy for holiday decorations. C. The reduction in the cost of technicians' services. D. The increase in the number of people willing to work for free. What can we infer from the text about Americans' attitude towards holiday spending? A. They are cutting back on all holiday expenses. B. They value holidays and are willing to spend on them. C. They only care about buying gifts, not decorations. D. They are more interested in traveling during holidays. 答案： 1 B 文中提到 “I’ve always been a pushover for a good “son et lumière” — the kind of sound and light spectacular that used to require a trip to a French château, a far-flung ancient ruin, or at the very least, the Bellagio Las Vegas.”，说明作者以前认为欣赏 “声光秀” 需要去特定的地方，答案为 B。 2 C 根据 “And not just among the rich. Many of the elaborate holiday-lights-synchronised-to-Jingle-Bells shows near Chicago are in middle or working-class areas.” 可知，芝加哥及其周边地区的中产阶级和工薪阶层都参与了节日灯光秀，答案选 C。 3 A 文中提到 “Eventually, more people got involved, the price of LED light “pixels” and other infrastructure fell, and open source software became available to operate the shows.”，表明 LED 灯价格下降和开源软件的出现使得精心制作的灯光秀更经济实惠，答案为 A。 4 B 从 “Consumers have continued to prioritise holidays and other special events even as they have moderated or adjusted other areas of their spending” 以及美国人在节日礼物和装饰上的花费预算增加等内容，可以推断出美国人重视假期并愿意为此花钱，答案选 B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$