精品解析：江苏省南京市鼓楼中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期英语期末试题

2024南京市鼓楼中学初二上英语期末试题 一、单项选择（10分） 1. China covers ______ area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：中国面积约960万平方公里。 考查冠词。cover an area of“占……的面积”，固定用法，area是以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故选B。 2. —What was the ______ of the football match yesterday? —AC Milan won the match. A. reason B. result C. shout D. decision 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——昨天足球比赛的结果是什么？——AC米兰赢得了比赛。 考查名词辨析。reason理由；result结果；shout呼喊；decision决定。根据“AC Milan won the match.”可知，空处询问的是足球比赛的结果。故选B。 3. A flood ________ the village away last year. A. moved B. blew C. took D. washed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意；去年一场洪水冲走了这个村庄。 考查动词辨析。moved移动；blew吹；took带走；washed冲刷；根据“A flood...the village away last year”可知，是洪水冲走了整个村庄，wash...away“冲走”，故选D。 4. The temperature will be ______. You should put on your warm coat. A taller B. shorter C. lower D. higher 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：温度会更低。你应该穿上暖和的外套。 考查形容词比较级辨析。taller更高的；shorter更短的；lower更低的；higher更高的。根据“You should put on your warm coat.”可知，建议穿暖和的衣服，说明“气温会更低”，故选C。 5. I can’t hear the teacher ______ with so much ______ outside. A. clear, noise B. slowly, noise C. clearly, noise D. clearly, noisy 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：外面太吵了，我听不清老师的话。 考查词性辨析。clear清楚的，形容词；noise噪音，名词；slowly慢慢地，副词；clearly清楚地，副词；noisy吵闹的，形容词。第一空修饰句中的动词，应用副词clearly，根据“so much”可知，形容词用来修饰名词，故第二空应用名词noise“噪音”，故选C。 6. 一Will Dad be back home at 6 o'clock this evening? 一He should, but he not. Sometimes he exercises after work. A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：-今天晚上爸爸在6点回家吗？-他应该回来，但是他可能回不来，有时候他下班之后锻炼身体。can可能；must必须；need 需要；may可能。根据句意可知，这里表示推测，can not语气较强，不可能；may not语气较弱，可能不。根据Sometimes he exercises after work可知，说话人的语气不是那么肯定，故应选D。 7. —What’s the ______ of your sister when she was ______ birth? —She was about 2.5 kg. A. weigh, at B. weight, at C. weighed, at D. weight, born 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你妹妹出生时的体重是多少？——她重约2.5公斤。 考查词性辨析及介词。weigh称重，动词；weight重量，是名词。根据the…of可知，第一空填名词weight，意为“体重”；第二句是短语at birth“出生时”，故选B。 8. —Sam, do you have the same hobby as Jim? —Not really. I like fishing ________ he likes playing basketball. A. and B. or C. while D. so 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——山姆，你和吉姆有同样的爱好吗？——不是。我喜欢钓鱼，而他喜欢打篮球。 考查连词辨析。and和；or或者；while然而；so所以。根据“I like fishing…he likes playing basketball.”可知，“我”喜欢钓鱼，他喜欢打篮球，前后句为转折关系，此处应用连词while“然而”，表示转折。故选C。 9. I often make you ______ because I hope you ______ happy. A. laugh, will be B. laugh, to be C. to laugh, will be D. laughing, to be 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我经常逗你笑，因为我希望你会快乐。 考查动词用法。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，固定用法，故第一空用原形，排除C/D选项，hope的用法是hope to do sth“希望做某事”，或者hope+宾语从句，此处是hope接从句的用法，故选A。 10. —Is there any milk in the fridge? —______, but we have juice. Would you like some? A. None B. Something C. Nothing D. Anything 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——冰箱里有牛奶吗？——没有了，但是我们有果汁。你想喝一点吗？ 考查代词词义辨析。None一个都没有；Something一些东西；Nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；Anything任何东西。根据“but we have juice”可知，空格处应该表示“没有牛奶了”，此处强调数量，用none，故选A。 二、补全对话（10分） A: Hello, Peter. I will have a birthday party on Sunday. ____11____ B: Of course I can. ____12____ A: At my house. B: ____13____ A: It will begin at 6:00 p.m. B: OK. I will go on time. A: By the way, is your sister Lisa free on Sunday? B: Yes, she is. A: ____14____ B: Certainly. I think she would like to go to your party with me together. A: ____15____ B: You’re welcome. A. Thanks a lot. B. Can you come to my party? C. When will it begin? D. Can you ask Lisa to come to my party with you? E. I’m sorry I can’t. F. Where will you have the party? 【答案】11. B 12. F 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是A邀请Peter和Lisa参加他的生日聚会的对话。 【11题详解】 根据“Hello, Peter. I will have a birthday party on Sunday.”以及“Of course I can.”可知，此处是邀请对方参加聚会，应是问对方能否来参加，选项B“你能来参加我的聚会吗？”符合，故选B。 【12题详解】 根据“At my house.”可知，此处是问聚会在哪里举行，选项F“你将在哪里举行聚会？”符合，故选F。 【13题详解】 根据“It will begin at 6:00 p.m.”可知，此处是问聚会什么时候开始，选项C“什么时候开始？”符合，故选C。 【14题详解】 根据“Certainly. I think she would like to go to your party with me together.”可知，此处是与另一个人有关的情况，应是一个一般疑问句，选项D“你能叫丽莎和你一起来参加我的聚会吗？”符合，故选D。 【15题详解】 根据“You’re welcome.”可知，此处是表示感谢，选项A“非常谢谢。”符合，故选A。 三、完形填空（15分） 阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思完整。 Jim, a successful businessman, told an experience of his childhood. When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t ____16____ others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed ____17____ him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He ____18____ his dog enough to eat and drink, but he was a little rude(粗鲁的) to it sometimes. One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady walking in front of him. Suddenly one of her ____19____ dropped(掉落) from her arms. As she stopped to pick it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help ____20____. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” The lady said kindly and ____21____, smiling. A special feeling came to him. He had ____22____ heard such kind words before. He watched her until she went far away. He was so ____23____ that he whistled(吹口哨) to his dog. “Thank you? dear! You are a nice little boy!” He repeated the woman’s words. Then in a low ____24____ he said to his dog, “You are a nice little dog!” Bobby raised its ears. It seemed that the dog had understood ____25____ he said, “Even a dog likes it!” he thought. “Well, Bobby, I won’t say unkind words to you anymore.” he said. Bobby waved its tails happily. Later, they went directly to the river nearby. When he ____26____ at the riverside, he looked at himself in the river. He saw ____27____ but a dirty boy. He washed his face carefully. After that, he saw a nice ____28____ boy. From then on, he started a new life. After telling this ____29____, the businessman stopped for a while. Then he said, “Ladies and gentlemen, it was that kind woman who planted the first seed of kindness in me. All of us ____30____learn about kindness. What great power it has!” 16. A. get on well with B. look forward to C. keep away from D. take good care of 17. A. at B. on C. in D. to 18. A. lent B. gave C. held D. taught 19. A. books B. boxes C. bags D. hats 20. A. him B. her C. them D. it 21. A. widely B. seriously C. politely D. angrily 22. A. still B. never C. ever D. often 23. A. upset B. worried C. excited D. nervous 24. A. place B. level C. speed D. voice 25. A. what B. how C. where D. when 26. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. moved 27. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 28. A. awful B. dirty C. clean D. ugly 29. A. story B. joke C. news D. note 30. A. dare B. should C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 【答案】16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位商人因为一位善良女人的影响，从一个被孤立的人变成一个行善的人的故事。 【16题详解】 句意：他孤身一人，和别人相处不好。 get on well with与……和睦相处；look forward to期待；keep away from远离；take good care of好好照顾。根据“No one showed kindness to him”可知，他和其他人相处得都不好，故选A。 【17题详解】 句意：人们总是嘲笑他。 at在；on在……上；in在……里；to到。laugh at“嘲笑”，固定搭配，故选A。 【18题详解】 句意：他给他的狗足够的吃喝，但有时他对它有点粗鲁。 lent借出；gave给；held举办；taught教。根据“He…his dog enough to eat and drink”可知，给狗足够的吃的和喝的，故选B。 【19题详解】 句意：突然，她手里的一个包掉了下来。 books书；boxes盒子；bags包；hats帽子。根据“she dropped other bags”可知，其中一个包掉下来了，故选C。 【20题详解】 句意：Jim来帮助她。 him他；her她；them他们；it它。此空指代前文提到的a young lady，女性，故选B。 【21题详解】 句意：那位女士微笑着亲切而有礼貌地说。 widely广泛地；seriously严肃地；politely礼貌地；angrily生气地根据“The lady said kindly and … smiling.”可知，礼貌地表示感谢，故选C。 【22题详解】 句意：他以前从来没有听到过这样亲切的话。 still仍然；never从不；ever曾经；often经常。根据前文“He was alone and didn’t… others. No one showed kindness to him”可知，他以前跟其他人相处不好，所以从来没有听到过别人这么亲切的话语，故选B。 【23题详解】 句意：他非常兴奋，对着他的狗吹口哨。 upset沮丧的；worried担心的；excited兴奋的；nervous紧张的。根据“He had…heard such kind words before”可知，听到之前从未听到过的亲切的话语，这让他很兴奋，故选C。 【24题详解】 句意：然后他低声对他的狗狗说。 place地方；level水平；speed速度；voice声音。根据“Then in a low … he said to his dog”可知，低声地对狗说，in a low voice“低声地”，故选D。 【25题详解】 句意：这只狗似乎听懂了他说的话。 what什么；how如何；where哪里；when何时。此空是作动词said的宾语，用what引导宾语从句，故选A。 【26题详解】 句意：当他到达河边时，他在河里看着自己。 arrived到达，不及物动词；reached到达，及物动词；got得到；moved搬到。arrive at“到达”，固定搭配，故选A。 【27题详解】 句意：他只看到一个肮脏的男孩。 something某事；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing没什么。根据“He saw…but a dirty boy”可知，除了一个脏男孩，什么也没看见，故选D。 【28题详解】 句意：在那之后，他看到了一个漂亮干净的男孩。 awful糟糕的；dirty脏的；clean干净的；ugly丑陋的。根据“dirty boy”及“He washed his face carefully”可知，洗完了之后就变得干净了，故选C。 【29题详解】 句意：讲完这个故事，商人听了一会。 story故事；joke玩笑；news新闻；note笔记。根据本文第一句“Jim, a successful businessman, told an experience of his childhood”可知，这位商人在讲述自己的故事，故选A。 【30题详解】 句意：我们所有人都应该了解善良。 dare敢于；should应该；couldn’t不能；mustn’t禁止。根据“All of us…learn about kindness”及这个故事可知，人们都应该了解善良，故选B。 四、阅读理解（10分） Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure (探险) in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named “Adventurer of the Year” by a famous geography magazine in 2018. Jerry had great success (成功), but he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?” Jerry learned that scientists (科学家) need pants, rocks and water samples (样本) from the places far away to do research (研究). But scientists can’t get there themselves because such places are hard to reach—only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought he could do something to help. He then had an idea. He set up (成立) a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the Earth and find ways to protect it. Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have found a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists study how plants live in extreme (极端的) conditions. For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper. 31. The underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 means ______. A. 满足的 B. 耐心的 C. 担心的 D. 放松的 32. Jerry set up a team of top adventurers in order to ______. A. make friends B. help scientists collect samples C. climb many high mountains D. find ways to protect plants 33. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. the scientists are too busy to climb the mountains B. doing research has brought Jerry joy and success C. Jerry has climbed all the high mountains in the world D. Jerry’s adventures have changed his understanding of life 34. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Dangerous Mountain Climbing B. Knowing More about the Earth C. Plants Found on High Mountains D. Adventures Turned into Something Greater 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了世界著名登山家Jerry的经历和他如何将冒险活动转化为对世界有益的事情。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Jerry had great success, but he didn’t feel fulfilled.”可知，虽然Jerry取得了巨大的成功，但他并不感到满足；可推测出“fulfilled”意为“满足的”。故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists.”可知，Jerry组建了一个顶级冒险团队去帮助科学家收集样品。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such adventures have made us see life in a different way.”可知，Jerry的冒险经历改变了他对生活的理解。故选D。 【34题详解】 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了世界著名登山家Jerry的经历和他如何将冒险活动转化为对世界有益的事情，D选项“Adventures Turned into Something Greater”为最佳标题。故选D。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有一项为多余选项。 If you give money to a stranger on the street, does that make you a nice person? Do you always offer to help someone with heavy bags? ____35____ You may consider yourself to be a nice person, but you’re probably not as nice as you think. This is a new study carried out by professors from the University of London. ____36____ During the study, participants (参与者) were given a list of “nice” activities and asked which ones they often do. ____37____ 98 percent of us consider ourselves to be among the nicest 50 percent of the population. The most common practices were giving directions to strangers, holding doors open and giving up seats on public transport. However, three fourths said that they seldom helped people carry heavy shopping bags. ____38____ Just a quarter donated blood often or helped someone cross the road. Though our thoughts of ourselves didn’t match up with scientific research, this nicer-than-others thought may do good to us. In the study led by Freeman, those who thought themselves as “nice” were likely to be richer, healthier and happier. ____39____ Our study shows that participants who report that they are ‘nice’ scored higher on emotional intelligence (智商). It can help them deal better with stress and troubles in their lives. A. I want to help more and more people. B. Do you often donate blood? C. The study looked into whether there is a link between nice people and their levels of health, wealth and happiness. D. “Nice” people are almost three times more satisfied with their lives and make more money. E. The result was surprising. F. Only one sixth often gave money to strangers. 【答案】35. B 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伦敦大学做的一项研究，研究发现绝大部分人认为自己是“好”人，但事实上真正帮助别人的人并不是很多，但是自认为是“好”人的人更容易对自己的生活满意并更健康，更富有。 【35题详解】 根据“Do you always offer to help someone with heavy bags?”可知此处应是继续提问我们在某一方面经常帮助别人吗，选项B“你经常献血吗”符合语境，故选B。 【36题详解】 根据“This is a new study carried out by professors from the University of London”可知此处应是介绍这项新研究，选项C“这项研究调查在好人和他们的健康、富裕和幸福水平之间是否有联系”符合语境，故选C。 【37题详解】 根据“98 percent of us consider ourselves to be among the nicest 50 percent of the population”可知此处应是引出调查结果的句子，选项E“结果是令人惊讶的”符合语境，故选E。 【38题详解】 根据“three fourths said that they seldom helped people carry heavy shopping bags.”和“Just a quarter donated blood often or helped someone cross the road.”可知此处应是阐述研究的具体结果，选项F“仅仅六分之一的人经常给陌生人钱”符合语境，故选F。 【39题详解】 根据“In the study led by Freeman, those who thought themselves as “nice” were likely to be richer, healthier and happier.”可知在研究中认为自己“好”的人可能成为更富有、更健康和更幸福的，所以此处应是进一步解释这一个观点，选项D“‘好’人对生活的满意度几乎是别人的三倍并且挣更多的钱”符合语境，故选D。 六、选词填空（10分） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 used need being elderly pass how help chance homeless pocket Many of my classmates want to do something to support charity. But they don’t know ___40___. Some of them even complain that they don’t have enough chances to offer ___41___ hands. I just think ___42___ are everywhere. We can do a lot to support charity in our daily lives. Maybe we can’t do great things, but we can do small things with great love. For example, it is true that we can’t build houses for ___43___ people. But we can donate some of our ___44___ money to them like my cousin Mike. Mike says he is ___45___ to saving some money every month. He donates it to people in ___46___. You can also show your love by ___47___ volunteers in your community centre. You can also be helpful by offering your seats on the bus to the ___48___. In a word, I think supporting charity means that we show our love and ___49___ it on. When we all have a loving heart, the world will be like a garden full of beautiful flowers. 【答案】40. how 41. helping 42. chances 43. homeless 44. pocket 45. used 46. need 47. being 48. elderly 49. pass 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了支持慈善事业可以从我们的日常生活中做起。 【40题详解】 句意：但是他们不知道怎样（做）。根据前文“Many of my classmates want to do something to support charity.”可知，此句要表达“他们不知道怎样（做）”。how“怎样”符合。故填how。 【41题详解】 句意：一些人甚至抱怨没有足够的机会伸出援助之手。根据“…hands”以及结合提示词可知，此空应该填helping hands“伸出援手”。故填helping。 【42题详解】 句意：我只是觉得机会无处不在。根据前文“Some of them even complain that they don’t have enough chances”可知，此空指“机会”。chance“机会”，此处应该用其复数形式chances。故填chances。 【43题详解】 句意：例如，我们确实不能为无家可归的人建造房屋。根据“build houses for…people.”可知，此处指“无家可归的人”。homeless“无家可归的”，形容词作定语，符合。故填homeless。 【44题详解】 句意：但是我们可以捐一些我们的零花钱给他们，像我的表弟迈克。pocket money“零花钱”。故填pocket。 【45题详解】 句意：迈克说他习惯了每个月存一些钱。根据“is…to saving”以及结合提示词可知，此处be used to doing“习惯做某事”。故填used。 【46题详解】 句意：他把它捐给需要帮助的人。in need“在危难中；在穷困中的”，固定搭配，作后置定语，修饰“people”。故填need。 【47题详解】 句意：你也可以通过在社区中心做志愿者来表达你的爱。根据“…volunteers”可知，此处指“做志愿者”。be“做”，by是介词，其后接动名词形式。故填being。 【48题详解】 句意：你也可以在公交车上为老人让座。根据“offering your seats on the bus to”可知，此处指“为老年人让座”。the elderly“老年人”，符合。故填elderly。 【49题详解】 句意：总之，我认为支持慈善意味着我们展示我们的爱，并把它传递下去。此句是and连接的并列句，故此空应该用动词原形。pass on“传递”，动词短语。故填pass。 七、首字母填空（10分） Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he will s___50___ his head. For Australians, rabbits are d___51___ animals, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the f___52___ rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased q___53___. One of the reasons is that there were no foxes or wolves in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural e___54___ of Australia was good for rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes easily. Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, s___55___ the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is a farmer in Australia. He u___56___ to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. W___57___ grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt t___58___. That’s w___59___ Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. 【答案】50. (s)hake 51. (d)angerous 52. (f)irst 53. (q)uickly 54. (e)nvironment 55. (s)o 56. (u)sed 57. (w)ithout 58. (t)hemselves 59. (w)hy 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了为什么澳大利亚人认为兔子是危险的动物。 【50题详解】 句意：如果你问一个澳大利亚人这个问题，他会摇头。根据“because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是shake“摇头”，空前有will，此处动词用原形，故填(s)hake。 【51题详解】 句意：对澳大利亚人来说，兔子是危险的动物，因为它们几乎破坏了澳大利亚的自然。根据首字母提示及“because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia.”可知，对于澳大利亚人来说，兔子是危险的动物，dangerous“危险的”，是形容词修饰其后的名词，故填(d)angerous。 【52题详解】 句意：他们把第一只兔子带到了澳大利亚。根据“In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the...rabbit to Australia.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“第一只兔子”，此处用序数词表示顺序，故填(f)irst。 【53题详解】 句意：之后，兔子的数量迅速增加。根据“One of the reasons is that there were no foxes or wolves in Australia at that time.”及首字母提示可知，没有狐狸或狼吃兔子，兔子的数量是迅速增加，此处用副词修饰动词，故填(q)uickly。 【54题详解】 句意：另一个原因是澳大利亚的自然环境对兔子很好。根据“The ground was very soft.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“自然环境”，故填(e)nvironment。 【55题详解】 句意：到处都是美味的草，所以兔子可以得到足够的食物。根据“And there was delicious grass everywhere...the rabbits could get enough food.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“因此”，故填(s)o。 【56题详解】 句意：他以前有一块很大的田地。根据“But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“以前”，used to have“过去有”，故填(u)sed。 【57题详解】 句意：没有草，土地很快就干涸了。根据“the land quickly became dry.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“没有草”，应用介词without，故填(w)ithout。 【58题详解】 句意：许多绵羊和马掉进了兔子的洞里，摔伤了自己。根据“Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“绵羊和马自己”，应用反身代词，故填(t)hemselves。 59题详解】 句意：这就是为什么澳大利亚人不认为兔子可爱。根据首字母提示及上文的介绍可知，此处是介绍澳大利亚人不认为兔子可爱的原因，应用why引导表语从句，故填(w)hy。 八、读写综合 A. 阅读并回答问题。（10分） 阅读短文，回答下列问题 Jim is on holiday in Australia. There are bushfires in the area where he is staying. He is telling his friend Mark about the fires. Mark: We saw the news about the bush fires. Are they close to you? Jim: Yes. They are very close. The weather is hot and windy. The conditions are ideal for bush fires and once they get started they spread quickly. Yesterday the temperatures hit 44°C and there were reports of over 50 fires in the area. It will take days to put them out. Mark: Have you seen any fires? Jim: Yes, I have. I’m staying with my uncle Ted. He’s a volunteer firefighter. He says the fires have killed a lot of animals, but no people. He says that the safest thing is to stay inside unless your house catches fire! Mark: Is it safe where you are? Jim: We’re fine. We listen to the radio to keep up to date with the latest news. So we know if a fire is coming our way. One got very close yesterday. Three houses nearby caught fire. Luckily, the families put the fires out before they did too much damage. Mark: Are you worried? Do you think you will need to move to a safer place? Jim: It’s a normal part of summer in Australia. Bush fires are a fact of life here. It’s a bit scary, but I am sure I’ll be fine. Mark: Well, you look after yourself! We don’t want you to be the first human victim of the year! 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 60. Where is Jim on holiday? ______________________________________________ 61. What’s the weather like today? ______________________________________________ 62. What was the highest temperature yesterday? ______________________________________________ 63. What problems have the fires caused? ______________________________________________ 64. How do people get the latest news about the bush fires? ______________________________________________ 【答案】60. In Australia. 61. It’s hot and windy. 62. It was 44℃. 63. They have killed lots of animals./ They have killed many animals. 64. By listening to the radio./ They listen to the radio. 【解析】 【导语】本文是吉姆和马克的对话，吉姆向马克介绍了澳大利亚火灾的情况。 【60题详解】 根据“Jim is on holiday in Australia.”可知，吉姆在澳大利亚度假。故填In Australia. 【61题详解】 根据“The weather is hot and windy.”可知，天气又热又多风。故填It’s hot and windy. 【62题详解】 根据“Yesterday the temperatures hit 44°C”可知，气温达到44°C。故填It was 44℃. 【63题详解】 根据“He says the fires have killed a lot of animals”可知，火灾杀死了很多动物。故填They have killed lots of animals./ They have killed many animals. 【64题详解】 根据“We listen to the radio to keep up to date with the latest news.”可知，人们通过收音机了解最新消息。故填By listening to the radio./ They listen to the radio. B. 书面表达。（15分） 65. 阜宁，一个让人向往的地方。近些年，我们家乡阜宁发生了翻天覆地的变化。请你根据以下信息，以“Changes in My Hometown”为题，写一篇短文，谈谈阜宁这些年的变化。 What was Funing like in the past? What changes have taken place in Funing? What do you think of these changes? 要求： 1. 表达清楚，语句通顺、流畅，意思连贯。 2. 文章必须包括所有要点，并作适当的发挥。 3. 词数不得少于80个词。（题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数） Changes in My Hometown My hometown, Funing, has changed a lot over the years. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Changes in My Hometown My hometown, Funing, has changed a lot over the years. In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The roads were dirty and narrow in the past, so few visitors came here. Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years. People live a richer life than before. Many new and tall buildings have been built. The environment has improved a lot. The streets are getting cleaner and wider. There are trees and flowers everywhere. I think the changes are good. I believe that my hometown will be better and better in the future. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”与“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，描述家乡过去的情况； 第二步，描述家乡的变化； 第三步，表达自己的看法和愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①take place发生 ②better and better越来越好 [高分句型] ①In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life.（and连接的并列句） ②I believe that my hometown will be better and better in the future.（宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024南京市鼓楼中学初二上英语期末试题 一、单项选择（10分） 1. China covers ______ area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. —What was the ______ of the football match yesterday? —AC Milan won the match. A. reason B. result C. shout D. decision 3. A flood ________ the village away last year. A. moved B. blew C. took D. washed 4. The temperature will be ______. You should put on your warm coat. A. taller B. shorter C. lower D. higher 5. I can’t hear the teacher ______ with so much ______ outside. A. clear, noise B. slowly, noise C. clearly, noise D. clearly, noisy 6. 一Will Dad be back home at 6 o'clock this evening? 一He should, but he not. Sometimes he exercises after work. A. can B. must C. need D. may 7. —What’s the ______ of your sister when she was ______ birth? —She was about 25 kg. A. weigh, at B. weight, at C. weighed, at D. weight, born 8. —Sam, do you have the same hobby as Jim? —Not really. I like fishing ________ he likes playing basketball. A. and B. or C. while D. so 9. I often make you ______ because I hope you ______ happy. A. laugh, will be B. laugh, to be C. to laugh, will be D. laughing, to be 10. —Is there any milk in the fridge? —______, but we have juice. Would you like some? A. None B. Something C. Nothing D. Anything 二、补全对话（10分） A: Hello, Peter. I will have a birthday party on Sunday. ____11____ B: Of course I can. ____12____ A: At my house. B: ____13____ A: It will begin at 6:00 p.m. B: OK. I will go on time. A: By the way, is your sister Lisa free on Sunday? B: Yes she is. A: ____14____ B: Certainly. I think she would like to go to your party with me together. A: ____15____ B: You’re welcome. A. Thanks a lot. B. Can you come to my party? C. When will it begin? D Can you ask Lisa to come to my party with you? E. I’m sorry I can’t. F. Where will you have the party? 三、完形填空（15分） 阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思完整。 Jim, a successful businessman, told an experience of his childhood. When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t ____16____ others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed ____17____ him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He ____18____ his dog enough to eat and drink, but he was a little rude(粗鲁的) to it sometimes. One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady walking in front of him. Suddenly one of her ____19____ dropped(掉落) from her arms. As she stopped to pick it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help ____20____. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” The lady said kindly and ____21____, smiling. A special feeling came to him. He had ____22____ heard such kind words before. He watched her until she went far away. He was so ____23____ that he whistled(吹口哨) to his dog. “Thank you? dear! You are a nice little boy!” He repeated the woman’s words. Then in a low ____24____ he said to his dog, “You are a nice little dog!” Bobby raised its ears. It seemed that the dog had understood ____25____ he said, “Even a dog likes it!” he thought. “Well, Bobby, I won’t say unkind words to you anymore.” he said. Bobby waved its tails happily. Later, they went directly to the river nearby. When he ____26____ at the riverside, he looked at himself in the river. He saw ____27____ but a dirty boy. He washed his face carefully. After that, he saw a nice ____28____ boy. From then on, he started a new life. After telling this ____29____, the businessman stopped for a while. Then he said, “Ladies and gentlemen, it was that kind woman who planted the first seed of kindness in me. All of us ____30____learn about kindness. What great power it has!” 16. A. get on well with B. look forward to C. keep away from D. take good care of 17. A. at B. on C. in D. to 18. A. lent B. gave C. held D. taught 19. A. books B. boxes C. bags D. hats 20. A. him B. her C. them D. it 21. A. widely B. seriously C. politely D. angrily 22. A. still B. never C. ever D. often 23. A. upset B. worried C. excited D. nervous 24. A. place B. level C. speed D. voice 25. A. what B. how C. where D. when 26. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. moved 27. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 28. A. awful B. dirty C. clean D. ugly 29. A. story B. joke C. news D. note 30. A. dare B. should C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 四、阅读理解（10分） Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure (探险) in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named “Adventurer of the Year” by a famous geography magazine in 2018. Jerry had great success (成功), but he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?” Jerry learned that scientists (科学家) need pants, rocks and water samples (样本) from the places far away to do research (研究). But scientists can’t get there themselves because such places are hard to reach—only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought he could do something to help. He then had an idea. He set up (成立) a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the Earth and find ways to protect it. Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have found a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists study how plants live in extreme (极端的) conditions. For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper. 31. The underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 means ______. A. 满足 B. 耐心的 C. 担心的 D. 放松的 32. Jerry set up a team of top adventurers in order to ______. A. make friends B. help scientists collect samples C. climb many high mountains D. find ways to protect plants 33. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. the scientists are too busy to climb the mountains B. doing research has brought Jerry joy and success C. Jerry has climbed all the high mountains in the world D. Jerry’s adventures have changed his understanding of life 34. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Dangerous Mountain Climbing B. Knowing More about the Earth C. Plants Found on High Mountains D. Adventures Turned into Something Greater 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有一项为多余选项。 If you give money to a stranger on the street, does that make you a nice person? Do you always offer to help someone with heavy bags? ____35____ You may consider yourself to be a nice person, but you’re probably not as nice as you think. This is a new study carried out by professors from the University of London. ____36____ During the study, participants (参与者) were given a list of “nice” activities and asked which ones they often do. ____37____ 98 percent of us consider ourselves to be among the nicest 50 percent of the population. The most common practices were giving directions to strangers, holding doors open and giving up seats on public transport. However, three fourths said that they seldom helped people carry heavy shopping bags. ____38____ Just a quarter donated blood often or helped someone cross the road. Though our thoughts of ourselves didn’t match up with scientific research, this nicer-than-others thought may do good to us. In the study led by Freeman, those who thought themselves as “nice” were likely to be richer, healthier and happier. ____39____ Our study shows that participants who report that they are ‘nice’ scored higher on emotional intelligence (智商). It can help them deal better with stress and troubles in their lives. A. I want to help more and more people. B. Do you often donate blood? C. The study looked into whether there is a link between nice people and their levels of health, wealth and happiness. D. “Nice” people are almost three times more satisfied with their lives and make more money. E. The result was surprising. F. Only one sixth often gave money to strangers. 六、选词填空（10分） 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 used need being elderly pass how help chance homeless pocket Many of my classmates want to do something to support charity. But they don’t know ___40___. Some of them even complain that they don’t have enough chances to offer ___41___ hands. I just think ___42___ are everywhere. We can do a lot to support charity in our daily lives. Maybe we can’t do great things, but we can do small things with great love. For example, it is true that we can’t build houses for ___43___ people. But we can donate some of our ___44___ money to them like my cousin Mike. Mike says he is ___45___ to saving some money every month. He donates it to people in ___46___. You can also show your love by ___47___ volunteers in your community centre. You can also be helpful by offering your seats on the bus to the ___48___. In a word, I think supporting charity means that we show our love and ___49___ it on. When we all have a loving heart, the world will be like a garden full of beautiful flowers. 七、首字母填空（10分） Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he will s___50___ his head. For Australians, rabbits are d___51___ animals, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the f___52___ rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased q___53___. One of the reasons is that there were no foxes or wolves in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural e___54___ of Australia was good for rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes easily. Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, s___55___ the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is a farmer in Australia. He u___56___ to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. W___57___ grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt t___58___. That’s w___59___ Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. 八、读写综合 A. 阅读并回答问题。（10分） 阅读短文，回答下列问题 Jim is on holiday in Australia. There are bushfires in the area where he is staying. He is telling his friend Mark about the fires. Mark: We saw the news about the bush fires. Are they close to you? Jim: Yes. They are very close. The weather is hot and windy. The conditions are ideal for bush fires and once they get started they spread quickly. Yesterday the temperatures hit 44°C and there were reports of over 50 fires in the area. It will take days to put them out. Mark: Have you seen any fires? Jim: Yes I have. I’m staying with my uncle Ted. He’s a volunteer firefighter. He says the fires have killed a lot of animals, but no people. He says that the safest thing is to stay inside unless your house catches fire! Mark: Is it safe where you are? Jim: We’re fine. We listen to the radio to keep up to date with the latest news. So we know if a fire is coming our way. One got very close yesterday. Three houses nearby caught fire. Luckily, the families put the fires out before they did too much damage. Mark: Are you worried? Do you think you will need to move to a safer place? Jim: It’s a normal part of summer in Australia. Bush fires are a fact of life here. It’s a bit scary, but I am sure I’ll be fine. Mark: Well, you look after yourself! We don’t want you to be the first human victim of the year! 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 60. Where is Jim on holiday? ______________________________________________ 61. What’s the weather like today? ______________________________________________ 62. What was the highest temperature yesterday? ______________________________________________ 63. What problems have the fires caused? ______________________________________________ 64. How do people get the latest news about the bush fires? ______________________________________________ B. 书面表达。（15分） 65. 阜宁，一个让人向往的地方。近些年，我们家乡阜宁发生了翻天覆地的变化。请你根据以下信息，以“Changes in My Hometown”为题，写一篇短文，谈谈阜宁这些年的变化。 What was Funing like in the past? What changes have taken place in Funing? What do you think of these changes? 要求： 1. 表达清楚，语句通顺、流畅，意思连贯。 2. 文章必须包括所有要点，并作适当的发挥。 3. 词数不得少于80个词。（题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数） Changes in My Hometown My hometown, Funing, has changed a lot over the years. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$