2025年河南中考英语二轮复习课件：动词和动词短语

动词和动词短语 1 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 2 即学即练 helping exercising prefer 即学即练 express changed blowing Keeping protect 即学即练 up from on 即学即练 to on up 即学即练 即学即练 即学即练 √ √ √ √ √ 即学即练 √ √ √ √ √ 即学即练 考点1 动词 1.实义动词 实义动词表示动作或状态,可单独作谓语。根据其后面是否能接宾语又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词(vt.) 及物动词后面需接宾语,句子意义才完整,如receive, love, reach等。如:He reached Zhengzhou yesterday.他昨天到郑州了。 不及物动词(vi.) 不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,必须和介词连用才能接宾语,如arrive, appear, listen等。如:The girl arrived in Beijing this afternoon.这个女孩今天下午到北京了。 2.系动词和助动词 系动词表示主语的性质、状态、特征或身份,后接形容词或名词作表语。常见的系动词有:一“是”:be(am/is/are);一“感”:feel;二“保持”:keep/stay;三“变得”:become/get/turn;四“……起来”:sound/look/taste/smell。如:The music sounds great.音乐听起来美妙极了。 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,需和动词连用。常见的助动词有be, do, have等。如:She didn't go to the movie yesterday.她昨天没有去看电影。 3.情态动词 基本特征: 其后接动词原形; 无人称和数的变化(have to除外); 具有助动词的作用,可构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。 常见情态动词的含义及用法: 情态动词 含义及用法 can ①表示能力,意为“能;会”;②表请求、许可(相当于may),意为“可以” can't ①表示能力,意为“不能;不会”;②表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不;不可能”,可能性几乎为零 could ①can的过去式,表示过去的能力;②用于疑问句中,表示委婉的请求、许可;③表示可能性不大的推测,意为“有可能;也许” may ①表请求、许可,意为“可以”;②表示可能性较小的猜测(常用于肯定句),意为“可能;也许”;③用于祈使句,表示祝福和愿望 might ①may的过去式,意为“可能”;②表请求、许可,语气比may更委婉;③表推测,意为“有可能,也许”,可能性低于may must ①表示义务或主观看法,意为“必须;应当”;②表示非常有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定;肯定”;③mustn't意为“禁止;不准” need “需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 shall ①表示请求或征求对方意见,多用于第一、三人称;②表示许诺、警告、命令等,多用于第二人称 should ①“应该”,表示责任和义务,或劝告和建议;②在疑问句中表示征求意见 will 表示请求或提议,常用于第二人称的疑问句中 would ①will的过去式;②表示意愿、意志或打算,可用于多种人称 have to “不得不;必须”,强调因客观原因而不得不做某事 had better 表建议,意为“最好” 1.表示允许时, may和might比can和could正式。“May I...?”句式的肯定回答用“Yes, you can/may.”;否定回答用“No, you can't./No, you mustn't.”。 2.以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答常用needn't 或don't have to。 3.表推测时,语气must>can>could>may>might。 考点2 动词短语 有关动词短语的命题点主要包括三类: 不同动词+同一介词/副词,如:pick up/show up等; 同一动词+不同介词/副词,如:look for/look after等; 不同动词+不同介词/副词,如:turn up/look down等。 (更多动词短语见《易记通》P63~69) 基础训练 一、从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其适当形式填空,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 prefer exercise keep express change blow protect help 1.(2024 易中考改编)As we grow older, we'll discover we have two hands:one for helping ourselves; the other for _ others. 2.(2024 易中考改编)Kids should spend more time _ instead of playing with mobile phones. 3.(2024 易中考改编)—Look at the CDs here. I _ folk music to pop music. —So do I. 4.(2024 易中考改编)She wants to _ her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony. 5.(2024 易中考改编)The past can never be _ and it is useless to worry about the future. Why not enjoy the present? 6.(2024 易中考改编)—Sorry, I can't hear you. The wind is _ hard. Can you speak louder? —That's OK. I'll ring you later. 7.(2024 易中考改编)_ exercise every day will make a difference to our health. 8.(2024 易中考改编)Don't throw away rubbish everywhere. It's everyone's duty to _ the environment. 二、根据句意,用合适的单词填空,每空限填一词。 1.(2024 易中考改编)—Why are you late for class again, Bob? —Sorry, I failed to get _ when my alarm went off. 2.(2024 易中考改编)—I heard _ Mike on Monday. He invited us to visit his hometown in his letter. —Do we accept his invitation? We haven't met him for 3 years. 3.(2024 易中考改编)We should learn to be independent. We'd better not depend _ our parents too much. 4.(2024 易中考改编)—Xiao Hai won first prize in our school art festival. —Wonderful! I am looking forward _ his next performance. 5.(2024 易中考改编)—Mom, could I turn _ the TV? I want to watch the news about space. —Of course. And don't sit too close. 6.(2024 易中考改编)I know how busy you are and I won't take _ too much of your time. 语篇提升 完形填空(动词和动词短语专项练) Before graduating from college, Jackie began to 1 a job. She aimed at a famous company, but the competition for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose 2 to employ(雇用) only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job. Thankfully, Jackie was one of the three people 3 for the final interview. The interview was very simple. The interviewer just 4 a few questions and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the interviewer said to them, “All of you are very good. Please go home and 5 our responses.” Three days later, Jackie 6 a message saying she would not be offered the job. She felt deeply disappointed. That evening, however, she received another message. This time it said that she 7 the job. Jackie later 8 that the first message sent to her phone was part of the interview — a test to see if she was suitable for the job. All the three people received the same text, but only Jackie's reply 9 the company. Of the three, one did not reply. Another said “goodbye” and Jackie said “thank you”. This reply 10 that Jackie was a polite person, so the company offered her the job. 1.A.look for B.look up C.look out D.look into 2.A.shared B.planned C.reached D.mentioned 3.A.guessed B.described C.considered D.invited 4.A.asked B.wondered C.solved D.answered 5.A.pick up B.wait for C.deal with D.think of 6.A.offered B.returned C.received D.collected 7.A.got B.took C.chose D.accepted 8.A.found out B.set out C.put out D.took out 9.A.created B.satisfied C.behaved D.regretted 10.A.showed B.helped C.controlled D.discovered $$