2025届高三英语一轮复习分词作定语状语独立主格讲义

分词作定语 1.什么是定语 a black cat/a long ruler/a busy day 总结: 一般是形容词做定语 2.前置定语-分词前置相当于形容词 A类:被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 the injured workers 一个受伤的工人 B类:完成意义:developing countries发达国家 developed countries发展中国家 falling leaves正在落下的叶子 fallen leaves已经落到地上的叶子（落叶） 3.后置定语-分词后置相当于定语从句 ①This will be the best novel ever written (=that has ever been written) by Mark. 这将是这类小说中写得最好的. ②Who were the guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的客人是谁呀? ③The boy named Jim is my brother. 那个叫Jim的男孩是我的弟弟。 ④The gentleman standing at the door is our headteacher. 站在门口的那个绅士是班主任。 典型例题： 那个被绿树环绕的村庄是我的家乡。 The village___________________________ is my hometown. 正全神贯注看书的学生可能是玛丽。 The student _____________________________ may be Mary. 分词作状语 1. 分词作状语实际是把状语从句简化， 简化的条件：分词的逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。 ① While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他读书的时候，还不时地点头。 ---Reading the book, he nodded from time to time. ② Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party. ---Being shy, he didn’t come to the party. 因为很害羞，他没有来参加聚会。 ③ As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read. ---Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 这本书是用很简单的英语写的，很容易读懂。  2. 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式： 主动式： * doing ： 用来表示主动,且前后动作同时进行. Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat. * having done:表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前. Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again. 被动式： * done: 用来表示被动且完成 Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt. * having been done: 用来表示被动,而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数. Having been defeated three times, he had to give up. * being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行. Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened. 否定式： not/ never + 分词结构 Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test. Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous. 典型例题： ①______________ the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②_____________________ the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。　 ③He sat in the armchair，______________a newspaper.　 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 ④_____________ from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 ___________from the top of the hill, we found the city looked like a big garden. ⑤_____________________ by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 ⑥The old man went into the room, _______________by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 ⑦_______________________________many times, he still didn’t understand it.已经被告知很多次了，他还是不明白。 独立主格结构 1.构成及特点： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语： 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, … 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. =If weather permits,… 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. =Because this was done,…工作完成后，我们才回家。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 2. With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised.(独立主格) = He stood there, with his hand raised. （with结构） 典型例题： ①The murder was brought in, with his hands ____________ (tie)behind his back。 ②______________________(there be)no bus, we had to walk home. ③He was listening attentively in class, his eyes ____________(fix)on the blackboard. ④The question______________(settle), they went back to their respective posts. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$