2025届高三英语一轮复习定语从句、名词性从句补充知识点讲义

定语从句补充知识点 目录 定语从句补充知识点 1 考点① “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 1 1.关系代词的选用 2 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用which。另外,whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose 指人或指物皆可。 2 2.介词的选用 2 (1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。 2 (2)根据语意表达的需要来确定。 2 (3)根据表达的需要也可用介词短语,如by means of, as a result of, in front of 等。 2 (4)表示整体和部分关系时,介词常用of。常见结构有:在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom, “the+比较级/最高级”后用of which/whom等。 2 3.关系代词的可替换性 2 (1)“in/on/at/for+which”引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词 when，where，why 等替换。 2 (2)“名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可与“whose+名词"替换。 2 4.“介词+where”引导的定语从句 2 这一结构要与“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 2 考点② as 引导定语从句 2 1. as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。常用于 as we all know, as is known to all, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper, as is often the case(…是常有的事)等句式中, 通常由逗号将其与主句隔开。 2 2. 当先行词由 the same 修饰时，可用 that或as 引导定语从句。that 引导的定语从句表示“同一个”，as引导的定语从句表示“同一类” 2 3. so/such... that..引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分;而so/such... as...引导定语从句时，as 在从句中充当成分。 2 考点③ 关系代词as和which的区别 2 1.位置不同。 2 as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末; which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。 2 2.意义不同。 2 as 意为“正如,就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用; which意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。 2 3.当先行词被such，so，as 等词修饰时，一般用as 引导定语从句。 2 考点④ 定语从句中的主谓一致及关系代词的省略 2 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。 2 (1)先行词为“one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用复数形式。 2 (2)先行词为“the only one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。 2 (3)在非限制性定语从句中,当关系代词as或which替代整个主句时,从句谓语动词要用单数形式。 2 2.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2 考点① “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 1.关系代词的选用 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用which。另外,whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose 指人或指物皆可。 -- With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life. 2.介词的选用 (1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。 --The man with whom you just shook hands is her husband. (2)根据语意表达的需要来确定。 --Knowledge is the wings with which we realize our dreams. (3)根据表达的需要也可用介词短语,如by means of, as a result of, in front of 等。 --My family used to live in a big house, in front of which there was an apple tree. (4)表示整体和部分关系时,介词常用of。常见结构有:在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom, “the+比较级/最高级”后用of which/whom等。 --The children, all of whom had played the whole day long were worn out. 3.关系代词的可替换性 (1)“in/on/at/for+which”引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词 when，where，why 等替换。 --America is the country in which (=where) George Washington was born. --I have forgotten the exact date on which (=when) this country became independent. (2)“名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可与“whose+名词"替换。 --She lives in a house the windows of which (= whose windows) face to the east. 4.“介词+where”引导的定语从句 这一结构要与“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 --His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不见。 (from where 相当于from out of the window,而不是 from the window。) --They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. 他们站在楼顶上，从那里能看到整个城市。 (from where 相当于 from the top of the building,而不是from the building。) 考点② as 引导定语从句 1. as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。常用于 as we all know, as is known to all, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper, as is often the case(…是常有的事)等句式中, 通常由逗号将其与主句隔开。 --Light travels much faster than sound, as we all know. 2. 当先行词由 the same 修饰时，可用 that或as 引导定语从句。that 引导的定语从句表示“同一个”，as引导的定语从句表示“同一类”。 --This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包) --This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个) 3. so/such... that..引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不充当成分;而so/such... as...引导定语从句时，as 在从句中充当成分。 --He is so clever a boy that we all like him.他是个聪明的孩子,我们都喜欢他。 --He is so clever a boy as we all like.他是一个我们都喜欢的聪明孩子。 考点③ 关系代词as和which的区别 1.位置不同。 as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末; which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。 --As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. --Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2.意义不同。 as 意为“正如,就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用; which意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。 --As often happened, they won the football game again. --It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3.当先行词被such，so，as 等词修饰时，一般用as 引导定语从句。 --Such books as you want are sold out. 考点④ 定语从句中的主谓一致及关系代词的省略 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。 (1)先行词为“one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用复数形式。 --He is one of the students that have ever won the prize. (2)先行词为“the only one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。 --He is the only one of the students that has ever won the prize. (3)在非限制性定语从句中,当关系代词as或which替代整个主句时,从句谓语动词要用单数形式。 --John won the first prize, as is often the case. 2.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 --The man (whom) I was talking to is my brother. --The man to whom I was talking is my brother. 名词性从句补充知识点 1、 后跟同位语从句的常见名词 这类名词包括:fact, idea, news message, information, promise, belief, condition, doubt, fear hope, order, request, demand,chance, problem, proof, question, reply, report advice, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word等。 2、连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 A. whether 可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。 B. it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。 --It hasn't been decided whether/if we shall study abroad. (2)用 whether 而不用if的情况 A. 主语从句和宾语从句置于句首 --Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 主语从句 --Whether he will succeed, I can't say. 宾语从句 B. 引导表语从句和同位语从句 --The question is whether we can get in touch with him.表语从句 --He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting 同位语从句 C. 引导介词的宾语从句 --Everything depends on whether we have free time.宾语从句 D. 引导词与or not 连用 --He doesn't know whether or not he is going to stay. E. 引导词后接to do --They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting. F. 有些动词如 discuss,decide 等后的宾语从句 --We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. G. 避免用 if引导产生歧义(可以不考虑) --Let me know whether you are coming to our party. 3、连词that的省略 that 引导名词性从句时本身无意义,只起连接作用,也不在句中作任何成分。 它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整,往往用于陈述事实。 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不能省略。 引导宾语丛句时，在口语和非正式文体中,that可省略。但下列情况下，that不可省略: （1）that 从句作介词的宾语。--He is a good student except that he is a little careless. （2）that 从句位于句首时。 --That our city will be cleaner, I believe. （3）宾语从句前有插入语时 --We hope, on the contrary, that our team will lose the game. （4）动词后有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that 可省略,从第二个从句开始 that不可省略。 --Our teacher said (that) French is hard to learn and that we must practice it every day. （5）it 作形式宾语时,that 引导的宾语从句中 that 往往不可省略。 --The boss has made it clear that no one can be late for the meeting. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$