2025届高三英语一轮复习定语从句讲义

复合句--定语从句 1、 定义和结构 在句子中起定语作用，修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 定语从句由关系词或关系副词引导，它们在从句中充当成分。 当关系代词充当从句的主语时，器后面的车谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 2、 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who---指人，在从句中充当主语 Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate at 7:50. 2. whom---指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略 Eg. Mrs Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. The professor whom you wish to see has come. 3. whose---通常指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语（其后面必有一个名词，表示该名词属于先行词所有，“whose+n.”共同作主语或宾语） Eg. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. Nobody wants the house whose windows were broken. 4. which---指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语常可省略 Eg. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. The young man was happy to get back the gold ring. 5. that---指物，也可指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略 Eg. There is a film that I’d like to see. She is the only one among us that knows French. 3、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when---表示时间（在从句中作时间状语），其先行词往往是表示时间的名词 （time,day,year,hour......） Eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when new china was founded. From the time when he was little, he knew what he wanted. 2. where---表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（place,city,room...） Eg. This is the place where my mother was born. This is the room where we were living last year. 3. why---表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面 Eg. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. The reason why he said that is quite clear. 4、 关系代词前带介词的定语从句 1. 关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时， 从句常常由“介词+which/whom”引出 Eg. Great changes are taken place in the city in which they live. The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week. The policeman with whom Mr Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine. This is the teacher form whom we have learned a lot. 2. 这类从句中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略 Eg. Great changes are taken place in the city they live in. The film I’m speaking of is to be shown next week. The policeman Mr Henry is talking with in the office is a friend of mine. This is the teacher we have learned a lot from. Eg. The man (whom) we sent a present to is a doctor. The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous. 3. 定语从句也可以由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出 Eg. The house the windows of which were damaged has been repaired. We have two spare rooms, neither of which has been much used. 5、 关系代词as引导的定语从句 As也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句， 又可以与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常可以省略。 Eg. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural. We do the same work, as they do. He isn’t the same as he was. I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. We will give you such information as will help you in your work. 6、 关系词that和which的区别 1. which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不能。 Eg. He had failed in the English exam, which made his father very angry. 2. Which之前可以有介词，that之前不能有介词。 Eg. This is the house in which Li Lei used to live. 3. That和which都指物时，在以下情况中，只能用that而不能用which。 (1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时，只能用that Eg. All that glitters is not good. That is all that I want to say. (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that Eg. The first place that they visited was the Great Wall. (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that Eg. This is the best film that I have ever seen. (4)当先行词被the very, the only, the just等修饰时，只能用that Eg. This is the very dictionary that I want to say. 7、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1、 限制性定语从句 有些定语从句对于先行词有限制作用，使改词的含义更加具体、明确，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。这类句子不能省略，否则句子的意思就不完整了。 Eg. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. ***限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。 它修饰的是名词或代词，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 2、 非限制性定语从句 定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是做一些附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。 这类句子往往用逗号与主句分开。 Eg. Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. ***有时这类从句修饰的不是前面的某个词，而是代表整个主句的内容。 Eg. He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. They are coming back to us, which means that they have been refused elsewhere. 8、 使用定语从句应注意的问题 1、 关系代词在从中、句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数，由先行词决定。 Eg. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. The students who are in Great Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 2、 定语从句有时紧跟先行词，有时中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 Eg. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. The days are gone forever when the Chinese people ere looked down upon. 3、 引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来代替。 Eg. This is the room where Tom used to live. 4、 当定语从句中谓语是带介词或副词的动词短语时， 动词短语的各个部分不要拆开。 Eg. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. The sick man whom she is looking after his father. 5、 注意介词与关系代词的位置：介词在关系代词前，只能用which或whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可用which, whom或that，口语中也可用who，可省略。 Eg. This is the room in which we lived last year. =This is the room (that/which) we lived last year. The man (who/whom/that) you were talking about has come to school. =The man about whom you were talking has come to school. 6. 关系代词和关系副词在句子中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。 Eg. Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. × Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday. √ This is the house where I lived in two years ago. × This is the house where I lived two years ago. √ 9、 定语从句VS同位语从句 1、 一般来说，定语从句的先行词是名词或代词； 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词。 Eg. Those who want to go please sign their names here. We express the hope that they will com to visit China again. 2、 定语从句修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，与先行词是同为关系。 Eg. The train that has just left is for Beijing. The truth that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. 3、 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导； 同位语从句通常由that引导，也可以由where,who,whether引导。 Eg. Do you know the place where he was born? Then he raised the question t\where they could get the machine needed. 4、 引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可以省略； 同位语从句的引导词一般不可以省略。 Eg. The news that he told me is exciting. The news that he has been elected president of the US is true. 5、 同位语从句与先行词一般可以发展为一个完整的句子，谓语动词用be。 Eg. He heard the news that his team had won. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$