精品解析：2025届湖北省重点高中温德克英联盟高三上学期11月联考高三英语试题

湖北省重点高中温德克英联盟2024秋季高三年级11月联考 英语试题 本试卷共8页，23小题。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题 2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Understanding the Food Grading System: A Consumer's Guide Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among consumers about the nutritional value of the food and beverages they consume. In response to this demand for transparency, cities like Shanghai have begun implementing food grading systems. This guide aims to provide insight into how these systems work, their benefits, and how consumers can use this information to make informed choices. The Food Grading System Explained: The food grading system is a public health initiative designed to classify food and beverage items based on their nutritional content. The system typically uses a letter grading scale, such as A, B, C, and D, where A represents the healthiest options and D indicates products high in sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, and non-sugar sweeteners. How It Works: Nutritional Analysis: Foods and beverages are analyzed for their content of key nutrients and non-nutrients that can affect health when consumed in excess. Grading Criteria: The grading criteria consider not only the presence of harmful components like sugars and unhealthy fats but also the nutritional value, such as the presence of fiber, protein, and essential vitamins and minerals. Labeling: Once graded, products are labeled with their respective grades. This labeling is usually done at the point of sale, allowing consumers to make healthier choices with ease. Benefits of the Food Grading System: Empowering Consumers: The system empowers consumers by providing them with clear, at-a-glance information about the health impact of their food choices. Healthier Choices: By understanding the grading, consumers are more likely to choose higher-grade items, leading to improved dietary habits and public health. Encouraging Manufacturers: Food and beverage manufacturers are incentivized to improve the nutritional profile of their products to achieve better grades, which can boost sales and market competitiveness. Using the Food Grading System: As a consumer, you can utilize the food grading system in the following ways: Read Labels Carefully: Before making a purchase, take a moment to read the grade on the product's label. Opt for items with higher grades (A or B) whenever possible. Make Comparisons: Compare the grades of different products within the same category to choose the healthier option. Educate Others: Share your knowledge about the food grading system with friends and family to spread awareness and promote healthier eating habits. Conclusion: The food grading system is a powerful tool in the fight against diet-related health issues. By understanding and utilizing this system, consumers can take control of their dietary choices and contribute to a healthier society. As more cities and countries adopt similar initiatives, the global shift towards healthier food options becomes more attainable. This text is designed to be informative yet approachable, providing readers with a clear understanding of food grading systems and their implications for consumer choices. 1. What is the primary purpose of the food grading system according to the text? A. To increase sales for food manufacturers. B. To provide clear nutritional information for consumers. C. To reduce the production of unhealthy food items. D. To regulate food prices in the market. 2. Which of the following is NOT part of the criteria used for grading food and beverages in the system described? A. The presence of non-sugar sweeteners. B. The nutritional value of the product. C. The use of artificial coloring. D. The content of sugars and unhealthy fats. 3. What is the main idea of the informational text? A. The food grading system is a global initiative. B. The food grading system educates consumers on making healthier choices. C. The food grading system only applies to beverages. D. The food grading system is designed to improve the taste of food. B The Tale of Xiaomi SU7: A Leap into the Future of Electric Vehicles Once upon a time in the bustling heart of China, a tech giant by the name of Xiaomi decided to embark on a daring venture. Known for their smartphones and a plethora of gadgets, Xiaomi set its sights on the electric vehicle (EV) market, a realm dominated by the likes of Tesla and BYD. The year was 2021, and the stage was set for a new chapter in Xiaomi’s legacy with the announcement of their first electric car, the SU7. The SU7 was not just any car; it was a symbol of innovation and a testament to Xiaomi’s commitment to the future. With a starting price point significantly lower than that of Tesla’s Model 3, the SU7 aimed to disrupt the market with its affordability and impressive range of at least 700 kilometres on a single charge. This was a bold claim, one that pitted the SU7 against the best in the industry. The design of the SU7 was a masterpiece of aerodynamics and aesthetics, boasting a drag coefficient of Cd0.195, which was the lowest globally at the time. Its sleek, futuristic silhouette and spacious interior, complete with a 3000mm wheelbase, made it a head-turner and a comfortable ride. The car’s interior was a continuation of Xiaomi’s ethos of human-centred design, with a luxurious yet warm ambiance, digital dashboard, and a large central control screen that seamlessly integrated with Xiaomi’s smart ecosystem. Under the hood, the SU7 was powered by Xiaomi’s HyperEngine, a motor that promised both efficiency and a thrilling acceleration. Coupled with Xiaomi’s proprietary CTB (Cell to Body) technology, the car not only boasted an enhanced driving range but also a lower centre of gravity for improved stability. The handling characteristics of the SU7 was nothing short of exceptional, thanks to its advanced chassis technology and full-stack in-house intelligent driving features. Whether navigating city streets or cruising on highways, the SU7 offered precise steering, stable suspension, and intelligent driving assistance that instilled confidence and ease. The launch of the SU7 was met with an overwhelming response. Within minutes of opening pre-orders, the SU7 had already broken records with thousands of orders pouring in, a testament to the public’s excitement and trust in Xiaomi’s foray into the EV market. This was not just a car; it was a statement, a declaration of Xiaomi’s ambition to become one of the world’s top five car manufacturers within the next 15 to 20 years. The story of the SU7 is one of courage and determination, led by Xiaomi’s founder, Lei Jun. He personally drove the car, learned to race, and participated in winter and summer tests, ensuring that every aspect of the car met the high standards he set. His hands-on approach and belief in the team’s passion for cars were instrumental in the SU7’s success. In the annals of automotive history, the Xiaomi SU7 will be remembered as a trailblazer, a car that not only captured the imagination of the public but also redefined what it means to be a high-performance electric vehicle. It is a story of a company that dared to dream and, in doing so, created a legacy that will echo through the ages. 4. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The price and range of the Xiaomi SU7. B. The design and interior features of the Xiaomi SU7. C. The performance and technology of the Xiaomi SU7. D. The public’s response to the launch of the Xiaomi SU7. 5. What can be inferred about Xiaomi’s strategy with the SU7 from the passage? A. Xiaomi aimed to compete with high-end luxury car brands. B. Xiaomi intended to enter the EV market with a high-priced flagship model. C. Xiaomi’s goal was to offer an affordable yet high-performance EV to disrupt the market. D. Xiaomi’s primary focus was on designing a car with the lowest possible price. 6. Based on the context, what does the term “CTB technology” most likely refer to? A. A type of high-performance engine. B. A technology that improves battery life. C. A chassis design for better stability. D. A technology that integrates the battery cells with the car’s body structure. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The design and features of the Xiaomi SU7. B. The challenges faced by Xiaomi in the EV market. C. The story of Xiaomi’s entry into the electric vehicle market with the SU7. D. The global impact of Xiaomi’s HyperEngine technology. C Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 8. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s view on the use of CRISPR to eliminate genetic defects? A. The author fully supports the use of CRISPR for the betterment of human health. B. The author is concerned about the potential misuse of CRISPR to exclude individuals with genetic differences. C. The author believes that CRISPR should only be used for treating severe diseases with clear genetic causes. D. The author argues that CRISPR technology is inherently flawed and should not be used at all. 9. What can be inferred from the author’s discussion about “common sense” ableism? A. The author believes that ableism is a rational approach to genetic diversity. B. The author suggests that “common sense” ableism is a subtle form of discrimination that is widely accepted. C. The author thinks that “common sense” ableism is a new concept introduced by James L. Chemey. D. The author argues that “common sense” ableism is a positive development in the field of genetics. 10. The author employs the term “utopian future” to describe a society that edits out “bad” genes. What is the rhetorical effect of this term? A. It evokes a sense of idealism and progress in genetic engineering. B. It highlights the potential dangers of overreaching in genetic modification. C. It suggests that such a future is impossible and therefore not worth discussing. D. It emphasizes the author’s support for a future free of genetic diseases. 11. What is the main argument of the passage? A. CRISPR technology has the potential to cause more harm than good if not used cautiously. B. Genetic diversity should be preserved because it enriches society ethically and biologically. C. The societal view that genetic defects should be eliminated is morally and ethically flawed. D. The use of CRISPR to treat diseases is a clear and unquestionable good. D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community - we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 12. According to Paragraph 1, what is the core message of Brian Nosek’s advice? A. Scientists should always be confident in their methods. B. The scientific method is unchanging and universal. C. There is a need for a more self-reflective approach in the scientific community. D. Methodological reformers are often criticized unfairly. 13. In the context of the article, what does the term “methodological reformers” most likely refer to? A. People who are against scientific reforms. B. Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods. C. Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work. D. Critics who question the value of scientific methods. 14. What is a potential benefit of adopting the “assume you are wrong” strategy according to the author? A. It can reduce personal attacks in scientific debates. B. It may lead to a decrease in the motivation of scientists. C. It will make scientific conclusions more reliable. D. It can improve the public’s understanding of science. 15. Considering the “assume you are wrong” strategy, which of the following applications in non-scientific fields is most likely to align with the principles discussed in the article? A. Encouraging business leaders to always trust their initial instincts in making decisions. B. Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults. C. Promoting a culture in educational institutions where teachers and students actively seek feedback to improve learning outcomes. D. Advising journalists to stick to their narratives regardless of opposing views to maintain consistency. 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Artificial—intelligence systems like Grammarly, an automated grammar—checker, are trained with data. for instance, translation software is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data involve a large number of standard error—free sentences and human—corrected sentences. ___16___ The software then looks at a user's writing: if a line of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the generally supposed mistake is most closely similar to one from its training inputs. ___17___ Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain line of words. ___18___ . It can rate the tone of an email before you send it, after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans, for example as “admiring” or “confident”. But grammar is the real magic of language, joining words into structures, joining those structures into sentences, and doing so in a way that maps onto meaning. ___19___ . Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in other words, written by the kind of person who needs Grammarly. ___20___ But computers don't work in meaning or intention, they work in formulae（惯用语）. Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even sentences that are not grammatically correct, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar—checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good. A. Grammarly can seem to miss more errors than it marks. B. One Grammarly feature that works fairly well is feeling analysis. C. To correct such writing requires knowing what the writer intended. D. Grammarly has some obvious strengths in understanding meaning or intentions. E. Computers outpace humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths. F. Developers also add certain rules to the patterns Grammarly has taught itself. G. In this decisive structure—meaning connection, machines are no match for humans. 第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 (共15小题； 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Heads or Tails? Careful: It’s not 50-50 The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____21____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, ____22____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical (后勤的，组织协调的) ____23____. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this ____24____ four years ago. He couldn’t ____25____ enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon ____26____, the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing ____27____ as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows ____28____ to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the ____29____ advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of _____30_____. The researchers determined that airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); _____31_____, they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn’t _____32_____ with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence _____33_____ the bias,” she says. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply _____34_____ the coin’s starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are _____35_____ the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino’s house advantage. “If you asked me to bet on a coin,” Bartoš says, “why wouldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?” 21. A. confirmed B. denied C. recorded D. suspected 22. A. therefore B. however C. for example D. vice versa 23. A. nightmare B. context C. intervention D. delay 24. A. coinage B. discipline C. challenge D. phrase 25. A. cooperate with B. round up C. shrug aside D. count on 26. A. analysis B. race C. interview D. session 27. A. upward B. evenly C. downward D. uniformly 28. A. volunteers B. gamblers C. psychologists D. statisticians 29. A. accidental B. dominant C. subtle D. prejudiced 30. A. mechanics B. relativity C. geometry D. chemistry 31. A. moreover B. instead C. likewise D. initially 32. A. insignificant B. accessible C. inclusive D. perceptible 33. A. reversing B. integrating with C. backing up D. rejecting 34. A. concealing B. shifting C. perceiving D. anchoring 35. A. favourable to B. opposed to C. unaware of D. suspicious of 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The fairest woman in the world was Helen. ____36____ was the fame of her beauty that there was not a single young prince in all of Greece that didn’t wish to marry her. When her suitors assembled in her home to make a formal proposal for her hand there were so many from such powerful families that her reputed father King Tyndareus, was afraid to select one from amongst them, fearing that the others would unite against him. He therefore demanded first a solemn path from all ____37____ they would stand up for the cause of Helen’s husband, whoever he might be, if any wrong was done to him through his marriage. Then Tyndareus chose Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon, and made him King of Sparta as well. So matters stood when Paris gave the golden apple to Aphrodite. The Goddess of Love and Beauty knew very well where the most beautiful woman on earth was ____38____ (find). She led the young shepherd straight to Sparta, where Menelaus and Helen received him graciously as their guest. The ties between guest and host were strong. But Paris broke that sacred bond. Menelaus, trusting completely to it, left Paris in his home and went off to Crete. Menelaus returned to find Helen gone, and he called upon all of Greece to help recover her. The chieftains responded ____39____ they were obliged to do. They eagerly arrived for the great expedition,____40____ (cross) the sea and lay mighty Troy in ashes. Two of the first rank, however, were missing: Odysseus. King of the Island of Ithaca, and Achilles, the son of Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis. Odysseus, who was one of ____41____ (shrewd) men in Greece, did not want to leave his house and family to embark on a romantic adventure overseas for the sake of a faithless woman. He pretended, therefore, that he had gone mad, and when a messenger from the Greek Army had arrived, the King was plowing a field and sowing it with salt ____42____ seed. But the messenger seized Odysseus’ little son and put him directly in the way of the plow. Instantly the father turned the plow aside, thus ____43____ (prove) that he had all his wits about him. However reluctant, he had to join the Army. Achilles was kept back by his mother. She sent him to the court of Lycomedes and made him wear women’s clothing, hiding him among the maidens. Odysseus was dispatched by the chieftains to bring him out. Disguised as a peddler he went to the court ____44____ Achilles was said to be, with gay ornaments in his pack such as women love, and also some fine weapons. While the girls flocked around the trinkets, Achilles fingered each of the swords and daggers. Odysseus knew him then, and he had no trouble at all in making him disregard what his mother had said and _____45_____ (go) to the Greek camp with him. So the great fleet made ready. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 你校英文报征文，请结合以下四幅图片中的任意一幅或几幅，按要求用英语写一篇100词左右的作文。 要求：1.题目自拟； 2.简述图片中的现象； 3.发表自己的看法。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据共内容和所给段落汗头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was twenty then, teaching a class of thirty students in Toronto including Mike, a 10-year-old street kid. Having lost his father and mother, he lived with a mentally-disturbed grandmother. He was always hungry, so each day I’d take him for breakfast before class. Each noon after I shared my lunch with him, I taught him new skills—using a microscope, constructing a camera etc. One day Mike told me of his dream. Most kids in the class wanted to be doctors, teachers or some such thing, but not Mike! His desire was to be a gangster (强盗)! And he was serious about it. I believed all children had a gift for what he wanted to be. If he wanted to be a gangster, I’d do all I could to help him become the very best “gangster”. I had a plan. Every Saturday after we had breakfast, I took him to the Law Library of the city. I explained to him a good gangster had to know something about criminal law, and reading up on law was the only way to learn. His young mind was interested, and he dove in. That was how we spent each Saturday morning that year. I’d drop him off at the law library. Three hours later, I’d return, pick him up for lunch and after a review of his morning’s work, take him home. The following year I taught in another school far away, which prevented me continuing to participate physically with him on Saturday mornings. But I provided him with public transportation tickets so he could keep up his regular study at the library. Later I got married and moved to London. Sadly, and to my great regret, I lost contact with Mike. Years passed. I often thought of him, wondering what had become of him. Then, one day, I was back in Toronto on business, looking up the number of a former colleague in the telephone directory, and there, Mike’s name as part of a title of “JUDGES and LAWYERS” danced off the page into my eyes. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I wondered, “Could it be him?” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When we were able to get together, he told me his road to the law. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 湖北省重点高中温德克英联盟2024秋季高三年级11月联考 英语试题 本试卷共8页，23小题。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题 2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Understanding the Food Grading System: A Consumer's Guide Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among consumers about the nutritional value of the food and beverages they consume. In response to this demand for transparency, cities like Shanghai have begun implementing food grading systems. This guide aims to provide insight into how these systems work, their benefits, and how consumers can use this information to make informed choices. The Food Grading System Explained: The food grading system is a public health initiative designed to classify food and beverage items based on their nutritional content. The system typically uses a letter grading scale, such as A, B, C, and D, where A represents the healthiest options and D indicates products high in sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, and non-sugar sweeteners. How It Works: Nutritional Analysis: Foods and beverages are analyzed for their content of key nutrients and non-nutrients that can affect health when consumed in excess. Grading Criteria: The grading criteria consider not only the presence of harmful components like sugars and unhealthy fats but also the nutritional value, such as the presence of fiber, protein, and essential vitamins and minerals. Labeling: Once graded, products are labeled with their respective grades. This labeling is usually done at the point of sale, allowing consumers to make healthier choices with ease. Benefits of the Food Grading System: Empowering Consumers: The system empowers consumers by providing them with clear, at-a-glance information about the health impact of their food choices. Healthier Choices: By understanding the grading, consumers are more likely to choose higher-grade items, leading to improved dietary habits and public health. Encouraging Manufacturers: Food and beverage manufacturers are incentivized to improve the nutritional profile of their products to achieve better grades, which can boost sales and market competitiveness. Using the Food Grading System: As a consumer, you can utilize the food grading system in the following ways: Read Labels Carefully: Before making a purchase, take a moment to read the grade on the product's label. Opt for items with higher grades (A or B) whenever possible. Make Comparisons: Compare the grades of different products within the same category to choose the healthier option. Educate Others: Share your knowledge about the food grading system with friends and family to spread awareness and promote healthier eating habits. Conclusion: The food grading system is a powerful tool in the fight against diet-related health issues. By understanding and utilizing this system, consumers can take control of their dietary choices and contribute to a healthier society. As more cities and countries adopt similar initiatives, the global shift towards healthier food options becomes more attainable. This text is designed to be informative yet approachable, providing readers with a clear understanding of food grading systems and their implications for consumer choices. 1. What is the primary purpose of the food grading system according to the text? A. To increase sales for food manufacturers. B. To provide clear nutritional information for consumers. C. To reduce the production of unhealthy food items. D. To regulate food prices in the market. 2. Which of the following is NOT part of the criteria used for grading food and beverages in the system described? A. The presence of non-sugar sweeteners. B. The nutritional value of the product. C. The use of artificial coloring. D. The content of sugars and unhealthy fats. 3. What is the main idea of the informational text? A. The food grading system is a global initiative. B. The food grading system educates consumers on making healthier choices. C. The food grading system only applies to beverages. D. The food grading system is designed to improve the taste of food. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了食品分级系统，如何教育人们做出更健康的食品选择。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among consumers about the nutritional value of the food and beverages they consume. In response to this demand for transparency, cities like Shanghai have begun implementing food grading systems. This guide aims to provide insight into how these systems work, their benefits, and how consumers can use this information to make informed choices.(近年来，消费者越来越意识到他们所消费的食品和饮料的营养价值。为了回应这种对透明度的要求，上海等城市已经开始实施食品分级制度。本指南旨在深入了解这些系统是如何工作的，它们的好处，以及消费者如何利用这些信息做出明智的选择。)”可知，食品分级系统是一个公共卫生倡议，旨在根据食品和饮料的营养成分对它们进行分类。其主要目的是通过提供清晰的、一目了然的信息，赋予消费者权力，帮助他们做出更健康的选择，即为消费者提供清晰的营养信息。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Grading Criteria部分“The grading criteria consider not only the presence of harmful components like sugars and unhealthy fats but also the nutritional value, such as the presence of fiber, protein, and essential vitamins and minerals.(分级标准不仅考虑糖和不健康脂肪等有害成分的存在，还考虑营养价值，如纤维、蛋白质、必需维生素和矿物质的存在。)”可知，文本中提到，分级标准不仅考虑了过量消费可能影响健康的有害成分，如糖和不健康脂肪，还包括了营养值，例如纤维、蛋白质和必需的维生素和矿物质的存在。而人工色素并未在文中被提及为分级标准之一。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The food grading system is a powerful tool in the fight against diet-related health issues. By understanding and utilizing this system, consumers can take control of their dietary choices and contribute to a healthier society. As more cities and countries adopt similar initiatives, the global shift towards healthier food options becomes more attainable.( 食品分级制度是对抗与饮食有关的健康问题的有力工具。通过了解和利用这一系统，消费者可以控制自己的饮食选择，为更健康的社会做出贡献。随着越来越多的城市和国家采取类似举措，全球转向更健康的食品选择变得更容易实现。)”以及最后一段“This text is designed to be informative yet approachable, providing readers with a clear understanding of food grading systems and their implications for consumer choices.(本文旨在提供信息但平易近人，为读者提供食品分级系统及其对消费者选择的影响的清晰理解。)”可知，文本的主要强调了食品分级系统如何教育消费者，并帮助他们通过清晰的标签信息做出更健康的食品选择，从而促进更健康的卫生习惯。因此可知本文主要讲述食品分级系统教育消费者做出更健康的选择。故选B。 B The Tale of Xiaomi SU7: A Leap into the Future of Electric Vehicles Once upon a time in the bustling heart of China, a tech giant by the name of Xiaomi decided to embark on a daring venture. Known for their smartphones and a plethora of gadgets, Xiaomi set its sights on the electric vehicle (EV) market, a realm dominated by the likes of Tesla and BYD. The year was 2021, and the stage was set for a new chapter in Xiaomi’s legacy with the announcement of their first electric car, the SU7. The SU7 was not just any car; it was a symbol of innovation and a testament to Xiaomi’s commitment to the future. With a starting price point significantly lower than that of Tesla’s Model 3, the SU7 aimed to disrupt the market with its affordability and impressive range of at least 700 kilometres on a single charge. This was a bold claim, one that pitted the SU7 against the best in the industry. The design of the SU7 was a masterpiece of aerodynamics and aesthetics, boasting a drag coefficient of Cd0.195, which was the lowest globally at the time. Its sleek, futuristic silhouette and spacious interior, complete with a 3000mm wheelbase, made it a head-turner and a comfortable ride. The car’s interior was a continuation of Xiaomi’s ethos of human-centred design, with a luxurious yet warm ambiance, digital dashboard, and a large central control screen that seamlessly integrated with Xiaomi’s smart ecosystem. Under the hood, the SU7 was powered by Xiaomi’s HyperEngine, a motor that promised both efficiency and a thrilling acceleration. Coupled with Xiaomi’s proprietary CTB (Cell to Body) technology, the car not only boasted an enhanced driving range but also a lower centre of gravity for improved stability. The handling characteristics of the SU7 was nothing short of exceptional, thanks to its advanced chassis technology and full-stack in-house intelligent driving features. Whether navigating city streets or cruising on highways, the SU7 offered precise steering, stable suspension, and intelligent driving assistance that instilled confidence and ease. The launch of the SU7 was met with an overwhelming response. Within minutes of opening pre-orders, the SU7 had already broken records with thousands of orders pouring in, a testament to the public’s excitement and trust in Xiaomi’s foray into the EV market. This was not just a car; it was a statement, a declaration of Xiaomi’s ambition to become one of the world’s top five car manufacturers within the next 15 to 20 years. The story of the SU7 is one of courage and determination, led by Xiaomi’s founder, Lei Jun. He personally drove the car, learned to race, and participated in winter and summer tests, ensuring that every aspect of the car met the high standards he set. His hands-on approach and belief in the team’s passion for cars were instrumental in the SU7’s success. In the annals of automotive history, the Xiaomi SU7 will be remembered as a trailblazer, a car that not only captured the imagination of the public but also redefined what it means to be a high-performance electric vehicle. It is a story of a company that dared to dream and, in doing so, created a legacy that will echo through the ages. 4. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. The price and range of the Xiaomi SU7. B. The design and interior features of the Xiaomi SU7. C. The performance and technology of the Xiaomi SU7. D. The public’s response to the launch of the Xiaomi SU7. 5. What can be inferred about Xiaomi’s strategy with the SU7 from the passage? A. Xiaomi aimed to compete with high-end luxury car brands. B. Xiaomi intended to enter the EV market with a high-priced flagship model. C. Xiaomi’s goal was to offer an affordable yet high-performance EV to disrupt the market. D. Xiaomi’s primary focus was on designing a car with the lowest possible price. 6. Based on the context, what does the term “CTB technology” most likely refer to? A. A type of high-performance engine. B. A technology that improves battery life. C. A chassis design for better stability. D. A technology that integrates the battery cells with the car’s body structure. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The design and features of the Xiaomi SU7. B. The challenges faced by Xiaomi in the EV market. C. The story of Xiaomi’s entry into the electric vehicle market with the SU7. D. The global impact of Xiaomi’s HyperEngine technology. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小米公司进入电动汽车市场的过程，以及其首款电动车型SU7的设计、性能和技术特点。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The SU7 was not just any car; it was a symbol of innovation and a testament to Xiaomi’s commitment to the future. With a starting price point significantly lower than that of Tesla’s Model 3, the SU7 aimed to disrupt the market with its affordability and impressive range of at least 700 kilometres on a single charge. This was a bold claim, one that pitted the SU7 against the best in the industry.(SU7不仅仅是一辆普通的车，它是创新的象征，也是小米对未来承诺的见证。其起步价远低于特斯拉Model 3，SU7旨在以其实惠的价格和至少700公里的续航里程颠覆市场。这是一个大胆的声明，将SU7置于行业顶尖水平的竞争之中)”可知，第二段主要介绍了小米SU7的价格优势和至少700公里的续航里程。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“With a starting price point significantly lower than that of Tesla’s Model 3, the SU7 aimed to disrupt the market with its affordability and impressive range of at least 700 kilometres on a single charge. This was a bold claim, one that pitted the SU7 against the best in the industry.(其起步价远低于特斯拉Model 3，SU7旨在以其实惠的价格和至少700公里的续航里程颠覆市场。这是一个大胆的声明，将SU7置于行业顶尖水平的竞争之中)”可知，小米的目标是提供一款价格实惠但性能卓越的电动汽车，颠覆市场。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Coupled with Xiaomi’s proprietary CTB (Cell to Body) technology, the car not only boasted an enhanced driving range but also a lower centre of gravity for improved stability.(结合小米自主研发的CTB(Cell to Body)技术，该车不仅提高了续航里程，还降低了重心，提升了稳定性)”可推知，CTB技术指的是电芯(Cell)与车身(Body)结构集成的技术，这有助于提高车辆的性能和稳定性。故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Known for their smartphones and a plethora of gadgets, Xiaomi set its sights on the electric vehicle (EV) market, a realm dominated by the likes of Tesla and BYD. The year was 2021, and the stage was set for a new chapter in Xiaomi’s legacy with the announcement of their first electric car, the SU7.(小米以其智能手机和众多电子产品而闻名，它将目光投向了电动汽车（EV）市场，这个领域由特斯拉（Tesla）和比亚迪（BYD）等公司主导。那一年是2021年，随着小米首款电动汽车SU7的发布，小米传奇的新篇章已经拉开了帷幕)”可知，文章主要介绍了小米公司进入电动汽车市场的过程，以及其首款电动车型SU7的设计、性能和技术特点，即小米凭借SU7进入电动汽车市场的故事。故选C。 C Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 8. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s view on the use of CRISPR to eliminate genetic defects? A. The author fully supports the use of CRISPR for the betterment of human health. B. The author is concerned about the potential misuse of CRISPR to exclude individuals with genetic differences. C. The author believes that CRISPR should only be used for treating severe diseases with clear genetic causes. D. The author argues that CRISPR technology is inherently flawed and should not be used at all. 9. What can be inferred from the author’s discussion about “common sense” ableism? A. The author believes that ableism is a rational approach to genetic diversity. B. The author suggests that “common sense” ableism is a subtle form of discrimination that is widely accepted. C. The author thinks that “common sense” ableism is a new concept introduced by James L. Chemey. D. The author argues that “common sense” ableism is a positive development in the field of genetics. 10. The author employs the term “utopian future” to describe a society that edits out “bad” genes. What is the rhetorical effect of this term? A. It evokes a sense of idealism and progress in genetic engineering. B. It highlights the potential dangers of overreaching in genetic modification. C. It suggests that such a future is impossible and therefore not worth discussing. D. It emphasizes the author’s support for a future free of genetic diseases. 11. What is the main argument of the passage? A. CRISPR technology has the potential to cause more harm than good if not used cautiously. B. Genetic diversity should be preserved because it enriches society ethically and biologically. C. The societal view that genetic defects should be eliminated is morally and ethically flawed. D. The use of CRISPR to treat diseases is a clear and unquestionable good. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了CRISPR技术可能带来的伦理问题和对遗传多样性的影响。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. (科学应该指导政策，但当像CRISPR这样的技术有可能排斥而不是帮助人们生活时，需要谨慎。)”和第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术更深远且更令人担忧的前景——科学家们对此既兴奋又谨慎——在于其能够从基因库中消除医学界认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”可知，作者担心CRISPR可能被滥用，以排除具有遗传差异的个体。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. (使用基因组操作工具和进行基因选择等同于一种新的优生思维形式，这种思维基于传播研究学者James L. Chemey所说的“常识”残疾主义，这是一种信仰体系，它允许人们在否认任何令人厌恶的优生原则的同时，也支持它们。最终，“常识”残疾主义体现了与过去旨在消除所谓劣等人类的运动所持有的清洗不可接受的人类变异的类似目标。)”可知，作者暗示“常识”残疾主义是一种被广泛接受的微妙歧视形式。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. (拥有“不良”基因的人不应在某种乌托邦式的未来中被编辑掉而不复存在。在一个认为所有人无论个体差异如何都具有同等价值的社会里，评价他人的生活质量在道德上是站不住脚的。)”可知，这里“乌托邦式的未来”指的是一个理想化、完美的未来，但作者用它来警示人们不要过度追求基因改造，因为这可能导致排斥和消灭有遗传差异的人。因此，这个术语强调了基因改造可能带来的潜在危险。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术更深远且更令人担忧的前景——科学家们对此既兴奋又谨慎——在于其能够从基因库中消除医学界认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”、第五段中“People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. (拥有“不良”基因的人不应在某种乌托邦式的未来中被编辑掉而不复存在。在一个认为所有人无论个体差异如何都具有同等价值的社会里，评价他人的生活质量在道德上是站不住脚的。)”可知，文章主要讨论了CRISPR技术在消除遗传差异方面的潜在危险，并强调了社会中普遍存在的那种希望通过技术手段（如CRISPR基因编辑）来消除所谓“遗传缺陷”的观点，实际上在道德和伦理层面上是存在问题的。故选C。 D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community - we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 12. According to Paragraph 1, what is the core message of Brian Nosek’s advice? A. Scientists should always be confident in their methods. B. The scientific method is unchanging and universal. C. There is a need for a more self-reflective approach in the scientific community. D. Methodological reformers are often criticized unfairly. 13. In the context of the article, what does the term “methodological reformers” most likely refer to? A. People who are against scientific reforms. B. Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods. C. Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work. D. Critics who question the value of scientific methods. 14. What is a potential benefit of adopting the “assume you are wrong” strategy according to the author? A. It can reduce personal attacks in scientific debates. B. It may lead to a decrease in the motivation of scientists. C. It will make scientific conclusions more reliable. D. It can improve the public’s understanding of science. 15. Considering the “assume you are wrong” strategy, which of the following applications in non-scientific fields is most likely to align with the principles discussed in the article? A. Encouraging business leaders to always trust their initial instincts in making decisions. B. Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults. C. Promoting a culture in educational institutions where teachers and students actively seek feedback to improve learning outcomes. D. Advising journalists to stick to their narratives regardless of opposing views to maintain consistency. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假设你错了。”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段““Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. (“假设你错了。”这个建议来自心理学教授Brian Nosek，他提出了一种追求更好科学的策略。)”可知，Brian Nosek建议的核心信息是科学界需要一种更加自我反思的方法。故选C。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. (methodological reformers说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢看到自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人擅长以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。因此，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程的一个受欢迎和整合的部分，而不是尴尬的插曲。)”可知，methodological reformers指的是“主张改变科学方法的人”。A. People who are against scientific reforms反对科学改革的人；B. Scientists who advocate for changes in scientific methods提倡改变科学方法的科学家；C. Individuals who are resistant to change in their scientific work在科学工作中抵制变革的个人；D. Critics who question the value of scientific methods质疑科学方法价值的批评者。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong - a goal that your critic presumably shares. (相反，从假设你错了开始，批评就更容易解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是一个你的批评者可能也认同的目标。)”可知，采用“假设你是错的”策略的一个潜在好处是它可以减少科学辩论中的个人攻击。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. (但是，借助科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能够一起减少错误。)”可知，文章讨论的原则是共同合作以减少错误。在非科学领域中，最符合这一原则的应用是在教育机构中推广一种文化，教师和学生积极寻求反馈以改善学习成果。故选C。 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Artificial—intelligence systems like Grammarly, an automated grammar—checker, are trained with data. for instance, translation software is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data involve a large number of standard error—free sentences and human—corrected sentences. ___16___ The software then looks at a user's writing: if a line of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the generally supposed mistake is most closely similar to one from its training inputs. ___17___ Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain line of words. ___18___ . It can rate the tone of an email before you send it, after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans, for example as “admiring” or “confident”. But grammar is the real magic of language, joining words into structures, joining those structures into sentences, and doing so in a way that maps onto meaning. ___19___ . Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in other words, written by the kind of person who needs Grammarly. ___20___ But computers don't work in meaning or intention, they work in formulae（惯用语）. Humans, by contrast, can usually understand even sentences that are not grammatically correct, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar—checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good. A. Grammarly can seem to miss more errors than it marks. B. One Grammarly feature that works fairly well is feeling analysis. C. To correct such writing requires knowing what the writer intended. D. Grammarly has some obvious strengths in understanding meaning or intentions. E. Computers outpace humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths. F. Developers also add certain rules to the patterns Grammarly has taught itself. G. In this decisive structure—meaning connection, machines are no match for humans. 【答案】16. F 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一款帮助检查语法及拼写错误的工具Grammarly，在国外一直都非常流行，现在在国内也逐渐普及起来。但是Grammarly真的好用吗？人工智能是否真的能代替人工修正语法？ 【16题详解】 根据空格前“Artificial—intelligence systems like Grammarly, an automated grammar—cecker, are trained with data. for instance, translation software is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data involve a large number of standard error—free sentences and human—corrected sentences. ”（像Grammarly(自动语法检查器)这样的人工智能系统是用数据进行训练的。例如，在翻译软件中输入人工翻译的句子，Grammarly的训练数据包含大量标准无错句子和人工修正的句子。）可知，前面介绍了自动语法检查器，以及空格后“The software then looks at a user's writing: if a line of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the generally supposed mistake is most closely similar to one from its training inputs.”（然后，该软件会检查用户的文字:如果有一行词看起来不符合语法，它会试图找出通常认为的错误是如何与训练输入的错误最相似的。）得知，这里讲述了该软件可以做些什么，所以前面是添加其他的功能，故F项：开发人员还向Grammarty自学的模式中添加了某些规则。符合语境。故选F。 【17题详解】 根据空格后“Advances in language technology have been impressive in, for example, speech recognition, which involves another sort of statistical guess—whether or not a stretch of sound matches a certain line of words. ”（语言技术的进步令人印象深刻，例如，语音识别，它涉及到另一种统计猜测——一段声音是否与某一行单词匹配。）得知，本段讲述了人工智能与人类的不同，故E项：在纯数学可以解决的问题上，计算机的速度超过了人类。符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据空格后“ It can rate the tone of an email before you send it, after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans, for example as “admiring” or “confident”. ”（在你发送电子邮件之前，它可以对邮件的语气进行评估，之前它会使用经过人类评估的文本进行训练，比如 “赞赏”或“自信”。）得知，空后是对Grammarly的一个功能的解释，故B项：Grammarly的一个功能非常有效，那就是感知分析。符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据空格后“Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in other words, written by the kind of person who needs Grammarly.”（计算机可以很好地分析符合语法的句子，给像名词和动词短语这样的东西贴上标签。但是他们在难以分析的句子中挣扎，恰恰是因为它们不符合语法——换句话说，是由那种需要Grammarly的人写的。）得知，空后讲述了计算机和人类比较所不能做到的，故G项：在这个决定性的结构与意义的联系上，机器不是人类的对手。符合语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据空格后“But computers don't work in meaning or intention, they work in formulae（惯用语）. ”（但计算机不是在意义上或意图上工作，而是在公式中工作。）得知，前后表示转折，后面说到计算机不能理解作者的意图，前面是写作需要了解作者意图。故C项：纠正这样的写作需要知道作者的意图。符合语境。故选C。 【点睛】 第三部分 语言知识运用 第一节 (共15小题； 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Heads or Tails? Careful: It’s not 50-50 The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____21____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, ____22____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical (后勤的，组织协调的) ____23____. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this ____24____ four years ago. He couldn’t ____25____ enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon ____26____, the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing ____27____ as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows ____28____ to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the ____29____ advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of _____30_____. The researchers determined that airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); _____31_____, they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn’t _____32_____ with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence _____33_____ the bias,” she says. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply _____34_____ the coin’s starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are _____35_____ the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino’s house advantage. “If you asked me to bet on a coin,” Bartoš says, “why wouldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?” 21. A. confirmed B. denied C. recorded D. suspected 22. A. therefore B. however C. for example D. vice versa 23. A. nightmare B. context C. intervention D. delay 24. A. coinage B. discipline C. challenge D. phrase 25. A. cooperate with B. round up C. shrug aside D. count on 26. A. analysis B. race C. interview D. session 27. A. upward B. evenly C. downward D. uniformly 28. A. volunteers B. gamblers C. psychologists D. statisticians 29. A. accidental B. dominant C. subtle D. prejudiced 30. A. mechanics B. relativity C. geometry D. chemistry 31. A. moreover B. instead C. likewise D. initially 32. A. insignificant B. accessible C. inclusive D. perceptible 33. A. reversing B. integrating with C. backing up D. rejecting 34. A. concealing B. shifting C. perceiving D. anchoring 35. A. favourable to B. opposed to C. unaware of D. suspicious of 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统上认为抛硬币是一种具有随机性的行为，但自18世纪以来，数学家就怀疑即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率会略高于朝另一面。近期František Bartoš通过招募志愿者进行大规模抛硬币实验，发现硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%，证明了存在微小的偏差，为此前的理论计算提供了实验证据。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但自18世纪以来，数学家们就怀疑，即使是公平硬币，朝一面的概率也会略高于朝另一面的概率。A. confirmed确认；B. denied否认；C. recorded记录；D. suspected怀疑。根据上文“The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness.”和表示转折的“But”可知，数学家们并不同意抛硬币的结果是随机的这一看法，因此是怀疑概率并不均等。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. for example例如；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____1____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other.”可知，数学家们从理论上进行猜想已经有很长时间了，再结合下文“Proving this tiny bias”和“would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，实际证明这种微小的偏差需要大量的实验数据，因此前后是转折的关系，强调进行实际证明很困难。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. nightmare噩梦；B. context背景；C. intervention干预；D. delay延迟。根据上文“Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，因此这会让实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：František Bartoš目前是阿姆斯特丹大学心理学研究方法的博士攻读者，他四年前开始对这个挑战感兴趣。A. coinage铸币；B. discipline纪律；C. challenge挑战；D. phrase短语。根据上文“Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，是一种挑战，因此此处指他开始对这个挑战感兴趣。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始他召集不到足够的志愿者来进行调查。A. cooperate with和……合作；B. round up把……聚集在一起；C. shrug aside对……满不在乎；D. count on依靠。根据下文“he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries”可知，后来他再次尝试，从六个国家招募了47名志愿者，因此此处指一开始召集不到足够的志愿者，round up和下文的recruiting呼应。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多个周末的抛硬币，包括一段12小时的马拉松时间，该团队进行了350757次抛硬币，打破了之前40000次的记录。A. analysis分析；B. race竞赛；C. interview面试；D. session一段时间。根据上文“Multiple weekends of coin flipping later”可知，他让志愿者们进行了多个周末的抛硬币，此处是介绍抛硬币的时长，指其中包括一段长达12小时，堪称马拉松的抛硬币时间。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果一开始硬币的一面朝上，那么这枚被抛的硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%。A. upward向上地；B. evenly均匀地；C. downward向下地；D. uniformly一致地。根据上文“With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing”可推知，此处指一开始朝上的那一面最终落地也朝上。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的抛掷让统计学家得出结论，近1%的偏差不是侥幸。A. volunteers志愿者；B. gamblers赌徒；C. psychologists心理学家；D. statisticians统计学家。根据上文“The large number of throws”和下文“to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸)”可推知，大量的抛掷具有统计学意义，可以让统计学家得出近1%的偏差不是侥幸的结论。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：解释这种微妙优势的主要理论来自斯坦福大学统计学家2007年的一项物理学研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差。A. accidental意外的；B. dominant主导的；C. subtle微妙的；D. prejudiced有偏见的。根据下文“you may as well benefit from your slight advantage”可知，这是一种微妙的优势，subtle和下文的slight呼应。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面着地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。A. mechanics力学；B. relativity相对论；C. geometry几何学；D. chemistry化学。根据上文“its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails”及常识可推知，能计算出被抛掷的硬币的整个轨迹，以及哪一面着地的是力学定律。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确定了，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动；相反，它们倾向于偏离中心，这导致它们在空中停留的时间更长，而最初“向上”的那一面是在上面的。A. moreover此外；B. instead相反；C. likewise同样地；D. initially最初地。根据上文“airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴)”和下文“they tend to move off-center”可知，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动，它们倾向于偏离中心，前后是相反的情况，因此用instead“相反”衔接。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有参与这项新研究的统计学家Ameli说，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，因为仅仅抛几次硬币是察觉不到1%的偏差的。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. accessible可接近的；C. inclusive包容的；D. perceptible可察觉的。根据上文“For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random”可知，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，再结合常识可知，这是因为日常生活中不可能大量抛硬币，这种偏差是无法察觉的。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：她说：“这是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。”A. reversing倒车；B. integrating with与……融合；C. backing up支持；D. rejecting拒绝。根据上文“the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias”可知，Bartoš的研究结论消除了人们对硬币抛掷存在轻微偏差的一切长期怀疑，因此是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要防止这种偏差影响你的掷硬币比赛并不难；只要在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置就可以了。A. concealing遮盖；B. shifting转移；C. perceiving察觉；D. anchoring使固定。根据上文“It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches”可知，此处是介绍如何防止这种偏差影响掷硬币比赛，因此是在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置，这样就无法知道哪一面朝上，无法获得微弱偏差带来的优势。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果你的朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差，你也可以从你的微小优势中受益。A. favourable to有利于；B. opposed to反对；C. unaware of未察觉到；D. suspicious of怀疑。根据下文“you may as well benefit from your slight advantage”可推知，能让自己从微小优势中受益的条件是朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差。故选C。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The fairest woman in the world was Helen. ____36____ was the fame of her beauty that there was not a single young prince in all of Greece that didn’t wish to marry her. When her suitors assembled in her home to make a formal proposal for her hand there were so many from such powerful families that her reputed father King Tyndareus, was afraid to select one from amongst them, fearing that the others would unite against him. He therefore demanded first a solemn path from all ____37____ they would stand up for the cause of Helen’s husband, whoever he might be, if any wrong was done to him through his marriage. Then Tyndareus chose Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon, and made him King of Sparta as well. So matters stood when Paris gave the golden apple to Aphrodite. The Goddess of Love and Beauty knew very well where the most beautiful woman on earth was ____38____ (find). She led the young shepherd straight to Sparta, where Menelaus and Helen received him graciously as their guest. The ties between guest and host were strong. But Paris broke that sacred bond. Menelaus, trusting completely to it, left Paris in his home and went off to Crete. Menelaus returned to find Helen gone, and he called upon all of Greece to help recover her. The chieftains responded ____39____ they were obliged to do. They eagerly arrived for the great expedition,____40____ (cross) the sea and lay mighty Troy in ashes. Two of the first rank, however, were missing: Odysseus. King of the Island of Ithaca, and Achilles, the son of Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis. Odysseus, who was one of ____41____ (shrewd) men in Greece, did not want to leave his house and family to embark on a romantic adventure overseas for the sake of a faithless woman. He pretended, therefore, that he had gone mad, and when a messenger from the Greek Army had arrived, the King was plowing a field and sowing it with salt ____42____ seed. But the messenger seized Odysseus’ little son and put him directly in the way of the plow. Instantly the father turned the plow aside, thus ____43____ (prove) that he had all his wits about him. However reluctant, he had to join the Army. Achilles was kept back by his mother. She sent him to the court of Lycomedes and made him wear women’s clothing, hiding him among the maidens. Odysseus was dispatched by the chieftains to bring him out. Disguised as a peddler he went to the court ____44____ Achilles was said to be, with gay ornaments in his pack such as women love, and also some fine weapons. While the girls flocked around the trinkets, Achilles fingered each of the swords and daggers. Odysseus knew him then, and he had no trouble at all in making him disregard what his mother had said and _____45_____ (go) to the Greek camp with him. So the great fleet made ready. 【答案】36. Such 37. that 38. to be found 39. as 40. to cross 41. the shrewdest 42. rather than## instead of 43. proving 44. where 45. go 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了古希腊神话人物海伦一生沉浮中的一个片段。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她的美貌如此出名，以至于整个希腊没有一位年轻的王子不想娶她。分析句子可知，such...that意为“如此……以至于”，该结构中的such位于句首时可以构成部分倒装，表示强调such和that之间的部分。故填Such。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：因此他首先要求所有求婚者立誓支持海伦的丈夫。分析句子可知，path的具体内容即是后文的they would stand up for the cause of Helen’s husband,所以此处考查同位语从句的引导词，that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，但不可省略。故填that。 【38题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：爱神非常清楚在哪里可以找到这世界上最美丽的女人。分析句子可知，woman还未找到，所以动作表示将来，因此应用be to do sth.,意为“将要做某事”，又因woman与find之间构成被动关系，因此要用包含动词不定式的被动语态to be done。故填to be found。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：墨涅拉俄斯回来后发现海伦不见了，他呼吁全希腊人帮助找回她。首领们照办了。依据句意可知，as作为连词有“照……的方式；正如”的意思。故填as。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：他们急切地赶来参加伟大的远征，要漂洋过海，把特洛伊城化为灰烬。分析句子可知，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cross。 【41题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：奥德修斯是希腊最精明的人之一。分析句子可知，此处考查固定用法one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最……的……之一”，shrewd属于单音节单词，在原级后加est构成最高级。故填the shrewdest。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：军队来了，国王正在耕地，撒的不是种子而是盐。依据句意可知，此处应填“而不是”符合题意。rather than与 instead of均有此含义。故填rather than或 instead of。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：父亲立刻把犁翻到一边，这就证明了他是很聪明的。分析句子可知，主句子成分完整，因此空处动词应填非谓语形式，the father与prove之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故填proving。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他伪装成一个小贩，来到据说阿喀琉斯所在的法庭。分析句子可知，空前名词the court为先行词，从句缺少地点状语，因此考查定语从句关系副词where。故填where。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：他毫不费力地让他不听母亲的话，和他一起去希腊营地。make sb do sth,，此处与前文中disregard并列用省略to的不定式作宾补。故填go。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 你校英文报征文，请结合以下四幅图片中的任意一幅或几幅，按要求用英语写一篇100词左右的作文。 要求：1.题目自拟； 2.简述图片中的现象； 3.发表自己的看法。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Mobile phones are making people alienated In the picture, a gentleman and a lady are on a date. There are delicious dishes and wine on the table, but they don’t eat a mouthful of food or drink. They are only focused on their phones. This reflects that mobile phones have begun to affect interpersonal communication. With the development of modern technology, smart phones have become quite popular all over the world for their excellent functions. People can use mobile phones to surf the Internet, update their personal microblogs and upload the latest photos anytime, anywhere. It seems so smart that mobile phones have become an indispensable part of people’s daily life. However, some people are addicted to smart phones and it has side effects on their normal life. The people in the picture must be a very good couple, but now their phone is their lover. In order to avoid alienating our friends and relatives by mobile phones, we should learn to adjust our habits of using mobile phones, use mobile phones moderately and communicate with friends and relatives face to face more often. When gathering with our friends and relatives, we should put our phones away so that it doesn’t interfere with our rare moments with friends and family. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文，要求考生结合以下四幅图片中的任意一幅或几幅，简述图片中的现象并发表自己的看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 反映：reflect→mirror 影响：affect→impact 然而：however→nevertheless 专注于：be focused on→be concentrated on 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, some people are addicted to smart phones and it has had side effects on their normal life. 拓展句：However, some people are addicted to smart phones, which has side effects on their normal life. 【点睛】[高分句型1]This reflects that mobile phones have begun to affect interpersonal communication.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]When gathering with our friends and relatives, we should put our phones away so that it doesn’t interfere with our rare moments with friends and family.(运用了so that引导的目的状语从句) 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据共内容和所给段落汗头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was twenty then, teaching a class of thirty students in Toronto including Mike, a 10-year-old street kid. Having lost his father and mother, he lived with a mentally-disturbed grandmother. He was always hungry, so each day I’d take him for breakfast before class. Each noon after I shared my lunch with him, I taught him new skills—using a microscope, constructing a camera etc. One day Mike told me of his dream. Most kids in the class wanted to be doctors, teachers or some such thing, but not Mike! His desire was to be a gangster (强盗)! And he was serious about it. I believed all children had a gift for what he wanted to be. If he wanted to be a gangster, I’d do all I could to help him become the very best “gangster”. I had a plan. Every Saturday after we had breakfast, I took him to the Law Library of the city. I explained to him a good gangster had to know something about criminal law, and reading up on law was the only way to learn. His young mind was interested, and he dove in. That was how we spent each Saturday morning that year. I’d drop him off at the law library. Three hours later, I’d return, pick him up for lunch and after a review of his morning’s work, take him home. The following year I taught in another school far away, which prevented me continuing to participate physically with him on Saturday mornings. But I provided him with public transportation tickets so he could keep up his regular study at the library. Later I got married and moved to London. Sadly, and to my great regret, I lost contact with Mike. Years passed. I often thought of him, wondering what had become of him. Then, one day, I was back in Toronto on business, looking up the number of a former colleague in the telephone directory, and there, Mike’s name as part of a title of “JUDGES and LAWYERS” danced off the page into my eyes. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I wondered, “Could it be him?” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When we were able to get together, he told me his road to the law. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I wondered, “Could it be him?” I dialed the number, gave my full name to a secretary and was put on hold. A long fifteen seconds later, a gentleman was on the line. His opening statement was, “Mr. Kowal (or whatever), I’ve really … missed you.” Then there was silence. Tears welling up in my eyes, I blurted out between sobs, “Mike, I only wish I’d kept in touch with you all these years. I’m really proud of you.” In a trembling voice on the other side, Mike answered, “I wouldn’t be here now if it weren’t for you.” When we were able to get together, he told me his road to the law. Studying law in the library enabled him to explore his inner depths—the “gangster” he had wanted to be was something of a hero protecting the disadvantaged with knowledge. He studied all the way to the law university while working part-time for his education fees. Now he had risen to be one of the most successful criminal lawyers in Canada. He owed all to me while I thought the greatest good we teachers could do for the students was to assist in revealing the best of their own. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者20岁时在多伦多教书，有一个学生叫迈克，是街头男孩，作者给他带早餐，分享午餐，教他一些技能，当迈克告诉作者自己想成为歹徒时，作者觉得有必要帮他成为最好的歹徒，于是每周六带他去图书馆学习法律，后来作者结婚了，搬走了，和迈克失去了联系，很多年后作者想知道他后来怎么样了，作者发现迈克的名字作为“法官和律师”标题的一部分。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我想：“会是他吗?””可知，第一段可描写作者和迈克重新取得联系。 ②由第二段首句内容“当我们能在一起时，他告诉了我他的法律之路。”可知，第二段可描写迈克是如何学习法律，成为律师的以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：拨电话——迈克接电话——作者和迈克对话——迈克学习和兼职——成为律师——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①接电话：on the line/answer the phone ②学习：study/learn ③成为：rise to be/become 情绪类 ①哭：tears welling up in my eyes/tears come to my eyes ②骄傲：be proud of/take pride in 【点睛】[高分句型1] I wouldn’t be here now if it weren’t for you.（由if引导的条件状语从句） [高分句型2] He owed all to me while I thought the greatest good we teachers could do for the students was to assist in revealing the best of their own.（由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that和that引导的限制性定语从句，省略了that） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $