精品解析：北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月统练英语试题

2024北京人大附中高二11月统练 英语 考试时间：60分钟满分：100分 注意：请将Ⅱ卷答案写在答题纸上，请将Ⅰ卷答案填涂到机读卡上。 Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） When I was three, I had a very good friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxious, ____1____ where I was conservative and skillful where I was clumsy. She was also entirely imaginary. I can’t remember when or how I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I don’t remember the last time I “saw” her. Even though my brain created her, she ____2____ me to go on adventures I would not have had the confidence to embark upon without her. So it saddened me to see the results of a recent survey showing 72% of nursery workers believed children have fewer ____3____ friends than they did five years ago, with 63% believing this to be a result of increased screen time. It’s thought that 40% of us had imaginary friends during our ____4____. In an essay, the researchers found that 81% of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned 10, but most of these friendships ended ____5____. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us for as long as we need them, moving on when our lives become too full and loaded for our brains to make space to generate their own ____6____. If you’ve enjoyed an imaginary friendship, I’d guess that you did not consciously sit down to create a perfect pal-they probably arrived ____7____, as an indication of thoughts and ideas you never knew you had. Our imaginary friends prompt us to explore and honour our curiosity. It is very hard to make the time and the space to do this as an adult. In order to be a good ____8____ to an imaginary friend, you need to be able to make “what if?” into an exciting plan. When we grow up. we’re too quick to finish the sentence with, “what if it goes wrong?” As an adult, we might not still need imaginary friends, but maybe we need to be reminded that a little bit of ____9____ is good for us, and that our brains can conjure up (想起) the best ideas when they are left to their own devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends populating the worlds that our children live in, that might lead to a future with fewer artists, writers and problem-solvers, which is a real cause for ____10____. 1. A. adaptable B. rebellious C. emotional D. considerate 2. A. adjusted B. retrained C. innovated D. inspired 3. A. imaginary B. intimate C. decent D. intelligent 4. A. adulthood B. adolescence C. childhood D. babyhood 5. A. evidently B. naturally C. accidentally D. suddenly 6. A. association B. education C. occupation D. creation 7. A. unheard B. unasked C. untouched D. untold 8. A. companion B. instructor C. student D. assistant 9. A. freedom B. wisdom C. boredom D. random 10. A. imagination B. concern C. limitation D. failure 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就童年时期会有假想朋友进行了说明，指出其产生的原因以及假想朋友的好处。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我焦虑，她无所畏惧；我保守，她适应性强；我笨拙，她技巧娴熟。A. adaptable可改变的；B. rebellious叛逆的；C. emotional情感的；D. considerate体贴的。根据后文“where I was conservative and skillful where I was clumsy”可知二人性格相反，所以作者保守，她适应性强。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的大脑创造了她，但她激励我去冒险，如果没有她，我就没有信心去冒险。A. adjusted调整；B. retrained重新培养；C. innovated改革；D. inspired鼓舞。根据后文“me to go on adventures”可知，此处指Gemma激励作者去冒险。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，72%的幼儿园员工认为孩子的假想朋友比五年前少了，63%的人认为这是屏幕时间增加的结果，这让我很难过。A. imaginary想象的；B. intimate亲密的；C. decent体面的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据后文“imaginary friends”可知全文围绕假想朋友展开。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据认为，40%的人在童年时期都有假想朋友。A. adulthood成人时期；B. adolescence青春期；C. childhood童年；D. babyhood婴儿时期。根据后文“81% of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned 10”可知假想朋友出现在童年时期。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一篇文章中，研究人员发现，81%的受访者在10岁后“失去”了他们的假想朋友，但这些友谊大多数都自然结束了。A. evidently显然；B. naturally自然地；C. accidentally偶然；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“81% of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned 10, but most of these friendships ended”中but表示转折，说明虽然在10岁后“失去”了他们的假想朋友，但这些友谊大多数都自然而然结束了。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许想象中的朋友只要我们需要就会和我们在一起，当我们的生活变得太过充实，我们的大脑无法腾出空间来创造他们自己的东西时，他们就会离开。A. association联系；B. education教育；C. occupation工作；D. creation创造。呼应上文“Even though my brain created her”指大脑无法腾出空间来创造他们自己的东西。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你享受过一段想象中的友谊，我猜你并没有有意识地坐下来创造一个完美的朋友——他们可能是不请自来的，表明你从来不知道你有的想法和念头。A. unheard听不见的；B. unasked不请自来的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. untold数不清的。根据后文“as an indication of thoughts and ideas you never knew you had”可知，这个朋友是不请自来的，表明你从来不知道你有想法和想法。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了成为假想朋友的好伙伴，你需要能够把“如果……会怎样？”变成了一个激动人心的计划。A. companion伙伴；B. instructor教练；C. student学生；D. assistant助手。根据后文“to an imaginary friend”可知，此处指假想朋友的好伙伴，故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个成年人，我们可能仍然不需要想象中的朋友，但我们可能需要被提醒，一点自由对我们是有好处的，当我们的大脑不受干扰时，它们可以召唤出最好的想法。A. freedom自由；B. wisdom智慧；C. boredom厌倦；D. random随机。根据后文“that our brains can conjure up the best ideas when they are left to their own devices”可知，有点自由对我们有好处，因为当我们的大脑不受干扰时，它们可以召唤出最好的想法。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有更少的想象中的朋友填充到我们孩子生活的世界中，这可能会导致未来的艺术家、作家和问题解决者减少，这是一个真正令人担忧的问题。A. imagination想象力；B. concern担忧；C. limitation限制；D. failure失败。根据上文“might lead to a future with fewer artists, writers and problem-solvers, which is a real cause for”可知，孩子的生活缺少想象中的朋友，可能会导致未来的艺术家、作家和问题解决者减少，这是一个真正令人担忧的问题。故选B。 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分） A It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below. Kitchn If you’re dedicated to learning the ins and outs of cooking and want a full program, Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that includes 20 lessons over 20 days for only $30 each class. Each day, a new topic is covered, starting with knife skills and ending with how to plan, cook and throw a dinner party. Most importantly, the instructors value the joy in cooking. The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative. Udemy With over 183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country. Many videos come with bonus material that includes suggestions on kitchen tools and equipment. Udemy offers great deals with large sales on classes, as well as a selection of free content. Courses come with full, lifetime access when purchased and a 30-day, money-back guarantee. Prices generally range from $10 to $30. Rouxbe Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals, Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs. Membership costs around $15 per month or $99 per year, but Rouxbe often offers discounts on their annual membership, as well as a 30-day free trial. So, if you’ve been struggling to come up with recipes to cook at home, Rouxbe is a fantastic resource that provides simple, quality professional guidance. NYT NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels. For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more. Membership fee is around $5 per month or $40 annually for unlimited access. And, not to worry: You can cancel at any time. 11. Which one is most likely to attract vegetarians? A. Kitchn. B. NYT. C. Rouxbe. D. Udemy. 12. What can we know from the passage? A. Rouxbe is highly thought of by industry professionals. B. Kitchn is recognized for its professional and informative style. C. NYT targets people with specific dietary preferences. D. Udemy offers rich cooking courses by worldwide instructors. 13. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce cooking. B. To compare the cooking methods. C. To promote home cooking skills. D. To recommend cooking schools. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在线烹饪学校的相关信息。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据NYT部分中“For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more.(对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人，你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水、高纤维等类别来轻松找到你想要的东西)”可知，NYT可以根据饮食偏好来选择课程，因此最有可能吸引素食主义者，他们可以在NYT选择无乳制品、低碳水、高纤维等类别。故选B项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rouxbe部分中“Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals, Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs.(Rouxbe被业界专业人士广泛认为是领先的在线烹饪学校，提供广泛的单节课程，以及他们的专业证书课程)”可知，Rouxbe受到业界专业人士的高度评价。故选A项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。结合第一段“It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below.(我们的使命是帮助忙碌但好奇的家庭厨师做出最好的购买决定。现在整理我们下面的信息列表)”和下文主要介绍了四个烹饪学校的相关信息可知，文章的主要目的是推荐烹饪学校。故选D项。 B Jokes and humor are often thought of as unimportant. If the lawyer defending you in court couldn’t stop joking, you’d be understandably alarmed. However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter, have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties. Why do we respond, in such powerful and rewarding ways, to things that objectively make little sense? A substantial amount of data has been generated regarding how humour works in the brain and on the various types of recognisable jokes that trigger it. Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns. So, the brain’s humour processes are still engaged. But where does humour arise from in the brain? Considerable research points towards a specific system in the brain for recognizing humour. This system seemingly detects and resolves incongruity (不和谐). Our brains know how things, like language and behaviors, should work. But, in the real world, many things don’t match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens. If normality is subverted, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension. However, the system that recognises incongruity seemingly also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, relieving the tension. So, we experience a rewarding feeling. If the incongruity is not resolved, however, humour is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal owl that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. There’s unresolved incongruity. Humour is essentially our brain going, “This isn’t how things usually work... but I’m okay with it!” 14. What does the author say about humor in the first two paragraphs? A. Its positive role is often underrated. B. It mainly serves to entertain and amuse. C. Its harmful effects shouldn’t be ignored. D. It is essential for professional communication. 15. Why does the author mention the “hole in one” example in paragraph 4? A. To prove a theory. B. To draw a conclusion. C. To illustrate a concept. D. To make a comparison. 16. What does the underlined word “subverted” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Detected. B. Overturned. C. Established. D. Repeated. 17. What is the best title for the text? A. How Jokes Affect Brain Structures B. Using Humor to Boost Brain Power C. Jokes and the Brain’s Reward System D. Unlocking Brain Secrets Behind Humor 【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人们在听到笑话，并理解其中的幽默感时，大脑的工作机制。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Jokes and humor are often thought of as unimportant.(笑话和幽默通常被认为是不重要的)”和第二段“However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake.(然而，认为幽默无关紧要是错误的)”可知，幽默给人们带来的积极作用和影响经常被低估。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns. So, the brain’s humour processes are still engaged.(言语双关语是最常见的笑话类型，涉及到同时传达两种意思的词语。例如，“为什么高尔夫球手穿两条裤子？以防他一杆进洞。”这里“一杆进洞”有两种可能的解释。它们的简单和熟悉意味着大多数人都能认出双关语中的幽默。所以，大脑的幽默过程仍在进行中)”可知，此处在对pun(双关语)进一步的举例解释说明。故选C。 【16题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“But, in the real world, many things don’t match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens.(但是，在现实世界中，许多事情并不符合我们的期望。似乎我们的大脑已经进化出一种系统来识别这种情况)”以及划线词后文“it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension”可知，此处normality is subverted 指的是正常的符合人们预期的表达被颠覆或者推翻会造成大脑的紧张感。故划线词意思是“推翻”。故选B。 【17题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter, have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties.(然而，认为幽默无关紧要是错误的。幽默、笑话和笑声在人类行为和互动中起着至关重要的作用。它们是社会联系的重要组成部分，通过它们的减压特性对健康真正有益)”以及本文旨在介绍人们在听到幽默或者笑话时，大脑是如何进行信息加工和处理，以便于人们能够领悟有幽默感的。D选项“解开幽默背后的大脑秘密”最符合文章标题。故选D。 C Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is persistent training. And the third is biology. For although she identifies as a woman,Ms Thomas was born male.Since humans cannot change their sex (unlike their self-identified gender),she remains that way.On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans women-males who identify as women-should compete in women’s sports.That,in turn,is part of a broader argument: should brute (纯粹的) biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities? This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports.The advantages bestowed by male puberty (青春期) are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them.Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record has stood for three decades.A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final.In 2016,at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metres final ran faster. Much of the male advantage is granted by testosterone (睾丸素), a potent anabolic steroid whose levels rise sharply in male puberty.For many years,many sporting bodies, following the lead of the International Olympic Committee, hoped to deal with the issue by allowing trans women to compete in women’s events provided they took testosterone-suppressing drugs.But the science suggests this does not level the playing field.Suppressing testosterone in adults, it seems, does little to undo the advantages granted by a male adolescence. Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean, as is sometimes claimed, that trans women would be barred from all sport.One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones.The first would be open to all comers.The second would be restricted on the basis of biology. Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. But bias exists, as a Republican bill in Florida to restrict “instruction” in schools about gender identity or sexual orientation makes plain. That should be resisted. Most of the time,it costs little or nothing to respect people’s choices about how they wish to present themselves.In the rare cases where rights clash (不相容), society must weigh the balance sensitively and with open eyes. 18. The author mentions Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record to show that ________. A. most female athletes can’t rival trans women athletes B. male puberty is the best time for sports competition C. it is unfair for Ms Thomas to compete in women’s sports D. this record can’t make a male reach the threshold of the Olympics 19. What does “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A. bill B. bias C. instruction D. identity 20. What is the author’s attitude towards trans people in sports competition? A. disagreeable B. open-minded C. sympathetic D. conservative 21. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Inclusion and Fairness B. Respect People’s Choices C. “Open” and “Female” in Sports D. Biology Matters A Great Deal 【答案】18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚一位变性女性引发的辩论，跨性别女性是否应该参加女子体育比赛？报道认为允许变性女性参加女子体育比赛总是不公平的，因为男性青春期带来的好处太大，所以应该使用公平的方式让跨性别女性参赛。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record has stood for three decades. A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final.(弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯·乔伊娜的100米世界短跑记录保持了30年。但是拿到相同成绩的男性甚至无法进入奥运会，更不用说决赛了。)”可知，男性的比赛成绩比女性好得多，所以作者提到了乔伊纳的100米世界短跑记录，是为了表示变性女性，即文中提到的托马斯女士参加女子体育比赛是不公平的。故选C项。 【19题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But bias exists, as a Republican bill in Florida to restrict “instruction” in schools about gender identity or sexual orientation makes plain.(但偏见是存在的，因为佛罗里达州的一项共和党法案限制了学校关于性别认同或性取向的“指导”。)”以及最后一段“That should be resisted.(那应该受到抵制。)”可知，佛罗里达州的法案是存在偏见的，应该受到抵制，所以that指代的是法案。故选A项。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean, as is sometimes claimed, that trans women would be barred from all sport. One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones. The first would be open to all comers. The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.(因此，体育必须在包容和公平之间做出选择；他们应该选择公平竞争。这并不意味着，正如有时所说的那样，跨性别女性将被禁止参加所有体育活动。一个明确的方法是用“不限性别”和“女性”类别取代“男性”和“女性”类别。第一个将对所有来者开放。第二种是基于生物学的限制。)”可知，作者认为不应该禁止跨性别者参加所有体育活动，可以使用合理公平的方式让他们参赛，所以作者对于体育比赛中的跨性别者持有的态度是思想开放的。故选B项。 21题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean, as is sometimes claimed, that trans women would be barred from all sport. One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones. The first would be open to all comers. The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.(因此，体育必须在包容和公平之间做出选择；他们应该选择公平竞争。这并不意味着，正如有时所说的那样，跨性别女性将被禁止参加所有体育活动。一个明确的方法是用“不限性别”和“女性”类别取代“男性”和“女性”类别。第一个将对所有来者开放。第二种是基于生物学的限制。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了在体育比赛中，跨性别者与女性应该如何公平的进行比赛，所以“体育中的‘不限性别’与‘女性’”可以作为文章标题。故选C项。 D The Importance of Listening Good communicators know the value of listening. They will tell you that in communication listening is more important than even speaking. You learn it early in your education. If you do not listen to your teacher in the classroom and follow his lecture, you may make mistakes in your responses or will have to spend more time studying and understanding the same. ____22____ Effective listening has several advantages. Speaking exhausts you, whereas listening enriches you. A speaker betrays both his knowledge and ignorance, while a listener remains mysterious and eludes others’ judgment. When you listen attentively, you increase your knowledge of people and situations and your chances of becoming likable, friendly, and agreeable. People prefer being in the company of sympathetic listeners rather than garrulous speakers.____23____ Hence, they readily open their minds and hearts to those who are willing to listen to them. Thus, active listening is the foundation of any good conversation. If you want to be friendly with others and increase your zone of influence, you must listen to them most of the time and speak only when necessary. Those who always speak run the risk of attracting unwanted public attention and even ridicule, whereas good listeners quietly mingle with strangers and find new friends. ____24____ It helps you in teamwork, leadership, conflict resolution, negotiations, team building, and problem solving. ____25____ It only means you have to pay attention, show respect and listen with concentration. By listening actively and paying attention, you can change the tone and tenor of any conversation. When you listen attentively, others feel comfortable in your presence and open their hearts and minds. Good listeners are enablers. They empower people. ____26____ When you listen attentively, you can observe and understand others and develop a better insight into their behavior. When you speak your mind will be preoccupied with what you want to say next, whereas when you listen you have a better opportunity to relax, observe and stay with the moment. A. They want to be heard and understood, rather than lectured and dominated. B. Listening helps you to know others, gather information and build relationships. C. They facilitate conversation, promote understanding and diffuse tense situations. D. Actively listening can greatly improve the quality of your relationships and communication. E. Listening does not mean you have to agree with everything or submit to everyone’s opinion. F. Your listening habits are a part of your personality and a reflection of your beliefs and attitude. G. Unfortunately, most of us do not remember this simple virtue later in life and are carried away by the charms of speech. 【答案】22. G 23. A 24. B 25. E 26. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了良好倾听的作用以及有效倾听的好处。 22题详解】 根据上文“Good communicators know the value of listening. They will tell you that in communication listening is more important than even speaking. You learn it early in your education. If you do not listen to your teacher in the classroom and follow his lecture, you may make mistakes in your responses or will have to spend more time studying and understanding the same.(好的沟通者知道倾听的价值。他们会告诉你，在交流中，倾听比说话更重要。你在教育的早期就学会了。如果你在课堂上不听老师讲课，你可能会在你的回答中犯错误，或者将不得不花更多的时间学习和理解相同的内容)”以及下一段“Effective listening has several advantages.(有效的倾听有几个好处)”可知，上文论述了倾听的价值，提到了在课堂上不听讲的例子，后文则说明了有效倾听的好处，本句为本段最后一句，推测主要说明了人们对于好的倾听的应用情况。故G选项“不幸的是，我们大多数人在以后的生活中都忘记了这个简单的美德，而被语言的魅力冲昏了头脑”符合语境，故选G。 【23题详解】 根据上文“People prefer being in the company of sympathetic listeners rather than garrulous speakers.(人们更喜欢和富有同情心的听众在一起，而不是和喋喋不休的演讲者在一起)”可知，上文提到人们更喜欢和富有同情心的听众在一起，而不是和喋喋不休的演讲者在一起，本句说明这种选择的原因。故A选项“他们希望被倾听和理解，而不是被说教和支配”符合语境，故选A。 【24题详解】 根据上文“Thus, active listening is the foundation of any good conversation. If you want to be friendly with others and increase your zone of influence, you must listen to them most of the time and speak only when necessary. Those who always speak run the risk of attracting unwanted public attention and even ridicule, whereas good listeners quietly mingle with strangers and find new friends.(因此，积极倾听是任何良好对话基础。如果你想和别人友好相处，增加你的影响范围，你必须大部分时间倾听他们，只有在必要的时候才说话。那些总是说话的人冒着吸引不必要的公众注意甚至嘲笑的风险，而好的倾听者则安静地与陌生人交往并找到新朋友)”以及后文“It helps you in teamwork, leadership, conflict resolution, negotiations, team building, and problem solving.(它有助于你的团队合作，领导，解决冲突，谈判，团队建设和解决问题)”可知，上文提到好的倾听者则安静地与陌生人交往并找到新朋友，推测本句主要说明了倾听在人际关系中的作用。故B选项“倾听可以帮助你了解他人，收集信息和建立关系”符合语境，故选B。 【25题详解】 根据后文“It only means you have to pay attention, show respect and listen with concentration. By listening actively and paying attention, you can change the tone and tenor of any conversation. When you listen attentively, others feel comfortable in your presence and open their hearts and minds.(这只意味着你必须集中注意力，表现出尊重，全神贯注地倾听。通过积极倾听和集中注意力，你可以改变任何谈话的语气和基调。当你用心倾听时，别人在你面前会感到很舒服，敞开心扉)”可知，后文提到倾听只意味着你必须集中注意力，表现出尊重，全神贯注地倾听，可知本句是在说明倾听这一行为的其他含义，故E选项“倾听并不意味着你必须同意每件事或服从每个人的意见”符合语境，故选E。 【26题详解】 根据上文“Good listeners are enablers. They empower people.(好的倾听者是推动者。他们赋予人们力量)”以及后文“When you listen attentively, you can observe and understand others and develop a better insight into their behavior. When you speak your mind will be preoccupied with what you want to say next, whereas when you listen you have a better opportunity to relax, observe and stay with the moment.(当你认真倾听时，你可以观察和理解他人，并对他们的行为有更好的洞察力。当你说话的时候，你的思想会被你接下来要说的话所占据，而当你倾听的时候，你有更好的机会放松、观察和停留在当下)”可知，上文提到好的倾听者赋予人们力量，推测本句对此展开说明，说明他们是如何赋予人们力量的。故C选项“他们促进对话，增进理解，缓解紧张局势”符合语境，故选C。 Ⅱ卷 一、补全短文（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，从A—J中选择适当的短语补全意思并写在答题纸上。 A. to play your part to the best of your ability B. reduce your personal best C. in the precedent D. to overcome the past E. get on with the game F. to recover from actions and behaviors G. it is not affected by it H. to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability I. interfering with your life J. the less able you are to perform to your personal best What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you ___27___ that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and ____28____. The perfect example is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and ____29____, the better their performance. Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is ____30____. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence, you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last,____31____. Your job is ____32____. Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present,____33____. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to ____34____. Stop the past from ____35____. Learn to recover quickly. The way forward? Live in the present. Not ____36____ 【答案】27. F 28. J 29. E 30. A 31. G 32. H 33. D 34. B 35. I 36. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了你需要的恢复时间越长，这个事件对你的影响就越大，你就越不能发挥出最好的个人水平。需要活在当下，而不是过去。 【27题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“What is your recovery rate?(你的恢复速度是多少？)”以及“How long does it take you(要花费你多长时间)”可知，本句主要针对恢复速度的时间进行说明，故F选项“从行动和行为中恢复”符合语境，故选F。 【28题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions(你恢复的时间越长，那件事对你行为的影响就越大)”可知，此处为句型the+比较级，the+比较级，上文提到恢复的时间越长，那件事对你行为的影响就越大，可知本句是在说明由此所带来的影响。J选项“你就越不能发挥出你的最佳水平”符合语境，故选J。 【29题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and(他们知道，他们越快忘记一件事或错过的机会)”以及后文“the better their performance.(他们表现越好)”可知，后文提到表现越好，上文提到忘记了一件事或错过的机会，可知本句主要说明忘记过去，继续当下的活动，才能获得更好的表现。E选项“继续比赛”符合语境，故选E。 【30题详解】 考查语境理解。根据后文“You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop.(给你一份稿子，每个句子的末尾都有一个句号)”可知，后文说明了给你一份稿子，每个句子的末尾都有一个句号，即将自己的工作或扮演的角色做到最完美的程度。故A选项“尽你最大的能力扮演你的角色”符合语境，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Each time you get to the end of the sentence, you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last(每当你读到一个句子的结尾，你就开始一个新的句子，尽管下一个句子与上一个句子有关)”可知，上文although引导让步状语从句，且提到尽管下一个句子与上一个句子有关，本句说明两者之间是否互相影响的问题。G选项“不受其影响”符合语境，故选G。 【32题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Each time you get to the end of the sentence, you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last(每当你读到一个句子的结尾，你就开始一个新的句子，尽管下一个句子与上一个句子有关)”以及后文“Don’t live your life in the past!(不要活在过去！)”可知，上文提到了开始了新的句子，且提到不要活在过去，推测本句是在说明把新的句子说得更好，H选项“尽力把每句话都说得尽善尽美”符合语境，故选H。 【33题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Learn to live in the present(学会活在当下)”可知，上文提到学会活在当下，即不要被过去所影响。故D选项“克服过去”符合语境，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Stop the past from influencing your daily life.(不要让过去影响你的日常生活)”以及“Don’t allow thoughts of the past to”可知，上文提到了不要让过去影响你的日常生活，即强调不要让过去的想法来影响自己如今的表现。故B选项“影响你的最佳表现”符合语境，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Stop the past from influencing your daily life.(不要让过去影响你的日常生活)”可知，上文提到了不要让过去影响你的日常生活，也就是说不要让过去干扰你的生活。I选项“干扰你的生活”符合语境，故选I。 【36题详解】 考查语境理解。根据上文“Stop the past from influencing your daily life.(不要让过去影响你的日常生活)”以及“Live in the present.(活在当下)”可知，上文强调活在当下，not表示否定，即不要活在过去中。C选项“在过去中”符合语境，故选C。 二、单词填空（共15题，每小题1分，共15分） 请根据中文或首字母提示用单词适当形式填空，并将完整单词写在答题纸上。 37. The company’s i ________ (创新的) approach to renewable energy has set them apart in the industry. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】innovative##nnovative 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司对可再生能源的创新方法使其在行业中脱颖而出。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词innovative，作定语，修饰名词approach。故填innovative。 38. The new project discussed at the last meeting i________ (涉及) several departments and required close collaboration. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】involved##nvolved 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：上次会议讨论的新项目涉及好几个部门，需要密切合作。根据中英文提示可知用动词involve，根据后文required可知为一般过去时。故填involved。 39. His a________(气恼) was evident when the meeting kept getting delayed for no reason. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】annoyance##nnoyance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：当会议无缘无故地一再推迟时，他的恼怒是显而易见的。根据中英文提示可知用名词annoyance，作主语，不可数。故填annoyance。 40. More generally, there exists a strong a________ (强烈欲望) for work in order to buy goods and to get ahead. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】appetite##ppetite 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：更普遍的是，为了购买商品和获得成功，人们存在着强烈的工作欲望。根据中英文提示可知应用名词appetite，作宾语。故填appetite。 41. He felt e________ (尴尬的) when he tripped in front of the whole class. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】embarrassed##mbarrassed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当他在全班面前摔倒时，他感到很尴尬。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词embarrassed，作表语。故填embarrassed。 42. The decision to ban plastic bags will have f________(深远的) consequences for the environment. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】far-reaching##ar-reaching 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：禁用塑料袋的决定将对环境产生深远的影响。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词far-reaching，修饰名词consequences，作定语。故填far-reaching。 43. Traveling necessities like food, r________(可重复充填的) water bottles, books, socks and electronics should always be packed from home so you can avoid inflated airport prices. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】refillable##efillable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：旅行必需品如食物、可重复充填的水瓶、书籍、袜子和电子产品应总是从家里打包好，因此这样你可以避免机场的高价格。根据中英文提示和上下文语境可知，空处应填形容词作定语，修饰“water bottles”，“可重复充填的”英文表达为refillable，符合题意。故填refillable。 44. I a________ (偶然地) broke my phone while I was walking down the stairs. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】accidentally##ccidentally 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：我下楼的时候不小心把手机摔坏了。根据中英文提示可知应用副词accidentally，修饰动词break。故填accidentally。 45. The a________ (氛围) at the party was lively, with music and laughter filling the air. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】atmosphere##tmosphere 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：聚会的气氛很热闹，空气中充满了音乐和笑声。根据中英文提示可知应用名词atmosphere，作主语，不可数。故填atmosphere。 46. To e________ (增强) your writing skills, it’s important to read a wide range of texts. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】enhance##nhance 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了提高你的写作技巧，阅读广泛的文本是很重要的。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用动词enhance，空前to是不定式符号，使用动词原形，作目的状语，故填enhance。 47. He felt a great deal of a________ (焦虑) before his final exams, unable to concentrate. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】anxiety##nxiety 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：期末考试前，他感到非常焦虑，无法集中注意力。根据中英文提示可知用名词anxiety，作宾语，不可数。故填anxiety。 48. The new technology could p________ (潜在地) revolutionize the way we travel in the future. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】potentially##otentially 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：这项新技术有可能彻底改变我们未来的旅行方式。“潜在地”修饰动词revolutionize，结合首字母提示，用副词potentially作状语。故填potentially。 49. She radiates an i________ (有感染力的) enthusiasm for everything she does. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】infectious##nfectious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她做每件事都散发出富有感染力的热情。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词infectious，作定语修饰名词enthusiasm。故填infectious。 50. As he pushed her, she s________ (摇摆，摆动) higher and higher, enjoying the warm afternoon breeze. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】swung##wung 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：当他推她时，她越荡越高，享受着温暖的午后微风。“摇摆，摆动”作主句谓语，用动词swing，结合从句时态可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时态，用过去式swung。故填swung。 51. Some of the most efficient refrigerators c________ (消耗) 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】consume##onsume 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：一些最高效冰箱比传统冰箱省70%的电。根据中英文提示可知用动词consume，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Some of the most efficient refrigerators，谓语用原形。故填consume。 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A famous art collector ____52____ (walk) through the city when he noticed a dirty cat ____53____ (lap) milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very ____54____ (value), so he walked ____55____ (casual) into the store and offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars. The store owner replied, “I’m sorry, but the cat isn’t ____56____ sale.” 【答案】52. was walking 53. lapping 54. valuable 55. casually 56. for 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位著名的艺术收藏家在城里散步时，注意到一家商店门口有一只脏猫在舔碟子里的牛奶。他注意到那个碟子是古董，而且很贵重，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，提出花20美元买下那只猫。店主回答说：“对不起，这只猫是非卖品。” 【52题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：一位著名的艺术收藏家在城里散步时，注意到一家商店门口有一只脏猫在舔碟子里的牛奶。此处为“sb.＋be doing sth. when ...”句型，意为“某人正在做某事，这时……”，且讲述过去某短时间正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语An art collector为单数，故填was walking。 【53题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一位著名的艺术收藏家在城里散步时，注意到一家商店门口有一只脏猫在舔碟子里的牛奶。此处cat与lap构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填lapping。 【54题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他注意到那个碟子是古董，而且很贵重，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，提出花20美元买下那只猫。作表语，应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。 【55题详解】 考查副词。句意：他注意到那个碟子是古董，而且很贵重，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，提出花20美元买下那只猫。修饰动词walk应用副词casually，故填casually。 【56题详解】 考查介词。句意：店主回答说：“对不起，这只猫是非卖品。”短语for sale表示“售卖”。故填for。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning ____57____ (go) on for generations, such as identical twins. For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996, who ____58____ (live) for six and half years. In 2018, the cloning of Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two long-tailed monkeys, ____59____ (announce) by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates to have been cloned. The successful cloning of primates ____60____ (lead) to worldwide praise ____61____ it is a huge breakthrough in cures for diseases and clues on prevention of the aging process. 【答案】57. has been going##has gone 58. lived 59. was announced 60. has led##leads 61. as##because 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是克隆以及一些克隆的例子。 【57题详解】 考查时态。句意：自然克隆已经进行了几代人，例如同卵双胞胎。根据后文for generations可知可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，并将持续下去，主语为Natural cloning，助动词用has。故填has been going/has gone。 【58题详解】 考查时态。句意：第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年被命名为多莉的羊，它活了6年半。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填lived。 【59题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：2018年，中国科学家宣布克隆出两只长尾猴“中中”和“华华”。主语cloning与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文In 2018可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was announced。 【60题详解】 考查时态。句意：克隆灵长类动物的成功引起了全世界的赞扬，因为这是疾病治疗方面的巨大突破，并为预防衰老过程提供了线索。此处可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响；或用一般现在时，陈述客观事实，主语为The successful cloning of primates，谓语用三单形式。故填has led/leads。 【61题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：克隆灵长类动物的成功引起了全世界的赞扬，因为这是疾病治疗方面的巨大突破，并为预防衰老过程提供了线索。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用as/because。故填as/because。 四、阅读与表达（共3小题：第36、37题各2分，第38题4分，共8分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Nature is turning on us In the last few years, we have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earth’s changeable weather patterns. Thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and forest fires have become increasingly common. There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with more hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America. In 2016, there were three volcanic eruptions at almost the same time in Indonesia. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier. A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires. So why is nature beginning to turn on us? One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world is growing at the disturbing rate of 10,000 people an hour, nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the developing world. Poor people in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil. These homes can easily fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially after heavy rain. On top of that, there is the added aspect of global warming. This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles. The destruction of the world’s forests plays a part, too. As a result, a hotter ocean causes stronger winds. Atlantic hurricanes are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago. Landslides and earthquakes are even more dangerous now than in the past because around half of the world’s population now live in the cities. Many people in cities and town in South America and Asia are at risk from landslides. In April 2017, the city of Mocoa in Colombia was hit by a landslide, leaving many dead and injured. A great number of people live at risk from earthquakes too. These have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. Most disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse. Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do. The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. Dust from the volcano rolled across the Earth’s skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer in Europe and America. But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. “It reduced temperatures by maybe 6℃ in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000 years ... ” 62. List two examples to show nature is turning on us. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 63. According to the author, why is nature turning on us? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 64. Is Professor Hou Ming’s attitude positive or negative towards future? Find evidence from the text. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】62. The volcanic eruptions and floods can be the examples to show that nature is turning on us. 63. The reason why nature is turning on us is overpopulation and global warming. 64. Negative. He has warned people that the world has not seen the worst nature can do and listed examples of natural disasters with serious results, which shows his concern for the future of the environment. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过列举一些频发的自然灾害说明大自然在向我们发怒。 【62题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and forest fires have become increasingly common.(雷暴、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越普遍)”可知，火山爆发和洪水可以作为例子来表明大自然正在对我们发怒。故答案为The volcanic eruptions and floods can be the examples to show that nature is turning on us. 【63题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“One answer is overpopulation.(一个答案是人口过剩)”以及“On top of that, there is the added aspect of global warming.(除此之外，还有全球变暖的问题)”可知，大自然对我们发怒的原因是人口过剩和全球变暖。故答案为The reason why nature is turning on us is overpopulation and global warming. 【64题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do. The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. Dust from the volcano rolled across the Earth’s skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer in Europe and America. But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. “It reduced temperatures by maybe 6℃ in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000 years …”(北京大学研究火山侯明教授警告说，世界还没有看到大自然所能做的最糟糕的事情。人类历史上最严重的喷发可能是1815年印度尼西亚的坦博拉火山喷发。火山灰在地球上空滚滚而来，几乎取消了欧洲和美国接下来的夏天。但有证据表明，7.3万年前曾发生过一次更大的喷发。“它使一些地方的温度降低了6摄氏度，整个地球进入了冬天。每10万年大约会发生两次这样的事件……”)”可知，对未来是消极态度。他警告说，世界还没有看到大自然所能做的最糟糕的事情，并列举了造成严重后果的自然灾害的例子，这表明他对环境未来的关注。故答案为Negative. He has warned people that the world has not seen the worst nature can do and listed examples of natural disasters with serious results, which shows his concern for the future of the environment. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024北京人大附中高二11月统练 英语 考试时间：60分钟满分：100分 注意：请将Ⅱ卷答案写在答题纸上，请将Ⅰ卷答案填涂到机读卡上。 Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） When I was three, I had a very good friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxious, ____1____ where I was conservative and skillful where I was clumsy. She was also entirely imaginary. I can’t remember when or how I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I don’t remember the last time I “saw” her. Even though my brain created her, she ____2____ me to go on adventures I would not have had the confidence to embark upon without her. So it saddened me to see the results of a recent survey showing 72% of nursery workers believed children have fewer ____3____ friends than they did five years ago, with 63% believing this to be a result of increased screen time. It’s thought that 40% of us had imaginary friends during our ____4____. In an essay, the researchers found that 81% of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned 10, but most of these friendships ended ____5____. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us for as long as we need them, moving on when our lives become too full and loaded for our brains to make space to generate their own ____6____. If you’ve enjoyed an imaginary friendship, I’d guess that you did not consciously sit down to create a perfect pal-they probably arrived ____7____, as an indication of thoughts and ideas you never knew you had. Our imaginary friends prompt us to explore and honour our curiosity. It is very hard to make the time and the space to do this as an adult. In order to be a good ____8____ to an imaginary friend, you need to be able to make “what if?” into an exciting plan. When we grow up. we’re too quick to finish the sentence with, “what if it goes wrong?” As an adult we might not still need imaginary friends, but maybe we need to be reminded that a little bit of ____9____ is good for us, and that our brains can conjure up (想起) the best ideas when they are left to their own devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends populating the worlds that our children live in, that might lead to a future with fewer artists, writers and problem-solvers, which is a real cause for ____10____. 1. A. adaptable B. rebellious C. emotional D. considerate 2 A. adjusted B. retrained C. innovated D. inspired 3. A. imaginary B. intimate C. decent D. intelligent 4. A. adulthood B. adolescence C. childhood D. babyhood 5. A. evidently B. naturally C. accidentally D. suddenly 6. A. association B. education C. occupation D. creation 7 A. unheard B. unasked C. untouched D. untold 8. A. companion B. instructor C. student D. assistant 9. A. freedom B. wisdom C. boredom D. random 10. A. imagination B. concern C. limitation D. failure 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分） A It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below. Kitchn If you’re dedicated to learning the ins and outs of cooking and want a full program, Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that includes 20 lessons over 20 days for only $30 each class. Each day, a new topic is covered, starting with knife skills and ending with how to plan, cook and throw a dinner party. Most importantly, the instructors value the joy in cooking. The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative. Udemy With over 183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country. Many videos come with bonus material that includes suggestions on kitchen tools and equipment. Udemy offers great deals with large sales on classes, as well as a selection of free content. Courses come with full, lifetime access when purchased and a 30-day, money-back guarantee. Prices generally range from $10 to $30. Rouxbe Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals, Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs. Membership costs around $15 per month or $99 per year, but Rouxbe often offers discounts on their annual membership, as well as a 30-day free trial. So, if you’ve been struggling to come up with recipes to cook at home, Rouxbe is a fantastic resource that provides simple, quality professional guidance. NYT NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels. For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more. Membership fee is around $5 per month or $40 annually for unlimited access. And, not to worry: You can cancel at any time. 11. Which one is most likely to attract vegetarians? A. Kitchn. B. NYT. C. Rouxbe. D. Udemy. 12. What can we know from the passage? A. Rouxbe is highly thought of by industry professionals. B. Kitchn is recognized for its professional and informative style. C. NYT targets people with specific dietary preferences. D. Udemy offers rich cooking courses by worldwide instructors. 13. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce cooking. B. To compare the cooking methods. C. To promote home cooking skills. D. To recommend cooking schools. B Jokes and humor are often thought of as unimportant. If the lawyer defending you in court couldn’t stop joking, you’d be understandably alarmed. However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter, have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties. Why do we respond in such powerful and rewarding ways, to things that objectively make little sense? A substantial amount of data has been generated regarding how humour works in the brain and on the various types of recognisable jokes that trigger it. Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns. So, the brain’s humour processes are still engaged. But where does humour arise from in the brain? Considerable research points towards a specific system in the brain for recognizing humour. This system seemingly detects and resolves incongruity (不和谐). Our brains know how things, like language and behaviors, should work. But, in the real world, many things don’t match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens. If normality is subverted, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension. However, the system that recognises incongruity seemingly also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, relieving the tension. So, we experience a rewarding feeling. If the incongruity is not resolved, however, humour is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal owl that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. There’s unresolved incongruity. Humour is essentially our brain going, “This isn’t how things usually work... but I’m okay with it!” 14. What does the author say about humor in the first two paragraphs? A. Its positive role is often underrated. B. It mainly serves to entertain and amuse. C. Its harmful effects shouldn’t be ignored. D. It is essential for professional communication. 15. Why does the author mention the “hole in one” example in paragraph 4? A. To prove a theory. B. To draw a conclusion. C. To illustrate a concept. D. To make a comparison. 16. What does the underlined word “subverted” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A. Detected. B. Overturned. C. Established. D. Repeated. 17. What is the best title for the text? A. How Jokes Affect Brain Structures B. Using Humor to Boost Brain Power C. Jokes and the Brain’s Reward System D. Unlocking Brain Secrets Behind Humor C Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is persistent training. And the third is biology. For although she identifies as a woman,Ms Thomas was born male.Since humans cannot change their sex (unlike their self-identified gender),she remains that way.On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans women-males who identify as women-should compete in women’s sports.That,in turn,is part of a broader argument: should brute (纯粹的) biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities? This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports.The advantages bestowed by male puberty (青春期) are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them.Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record has stood for three decades.A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final.In 2016,at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metres final ran faster. Much of the male advantage is granted by testosterone (睾丸素), a potent anabolic steroid whose levels rise sharply in male puberty.For many years,many sporting bodies, following the lead of the International Olympic Committee, hoped to deal with the issue by allowing trans women to compete in women’s events provided they took testosterone-suppressing drugs.But the science suggests this does not level the playing field.Suppressing testosterone in adults, it seems, does little to undo the advantages granted by a male adolescence. Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean, as is sometimes claimed, that trans women would be barred from all sport.One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones.The first would be open to all comers.The second would be restricted on the basis of biology. Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. But bias exists, as a Republican bill in Florida to restrict “instruction” in schools about gender identity or sexual orientation makes plain. That should be resisted. Most of the time,it costs little or nothing to respect people’s choices about how they wish to present themselves.In the rare cases where rights clash (不相容), society must weigh the balance sensitively and with open eyes. 18. The author mentions Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record to show that ________. A. most female athletes can’t rival trans women athletes B. male puberty is the best time for sports competition C. it is unfair for Ms Thomas to compete in women’s sports D. this record can’t make a male reach the threshold of the Olympics 19. What does “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A. bill B. bias C. instruction D. identity 20. What is the author’s attitude towards trans people in sports competition? A. disagreeable B. open-minded C. sympathetic D. conservative 21. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Inclusion and Fairness B. Respect People’s Choices C. “Open” and “Female” in Sports D. Biology Matters A Great Deal D The Importance of Listening Good communicators know the value of listening. They will tell you that in communication listening is more important than even speaking. You learn it early in your education. If you do not listen to your teacher in the classroom and follow his lecture, you may make mistakes in your responses or will have to spend more time studying and understanding the same. ____22____ Effective listening has several advantages. Speaking exhausts you, whereas listening enriches you. A speaker betrays both his knowledge and ignorance, while a listener remains mysterious and eludes others’ judgment. When you listen attentively, you increase your knowledge of people and situations and your chances of becoming likable, friendly, and agreeable. People prefer being in the company of sympathetic listeners rather than garrulous speakers.____23____ Hence, they readily open their minds and hearts to those who are willing to listen to them. Thus, active listening is the foundation of any good conversation. If you want to be friendly with others and increase your zone of influence, you must listen to them most of the time and speak only when necessary. Those who always speak run the risk of attracting unwanted public attention and even ridicule, whereas good listeners quietly mingle with strangers and find new friends. ____24____ It helps you in teamwork, leadership, conflict resolution, negotiations, team building, and problem solving. ____25____ It only means you have to pay attention, show respect and listen with concentration. By listening actively and paying attention, you can change the tone and tenor of any conversation. When you listen attentively, others feel comfortable in your presence and open their hearts and minds. Good listeners are enablers. They empower people. ____26____ When you listen attentively, you can observe and understand others and develop a better insight into their behavior. When you speak your mind will be preoccupied with what you want to say next, whereas when you listen you have a better opportunity to relax, observe and stay with the moment. A. They want to be heard and understood, rather than lectured and dominated. B. Listening helps you to know others, gather information and build relationships. C. They facilitate conversation, promote understanding and diffuse tense situations. D. Actively listening can greatly improve the quality of your relationships and communication. E Listening does not mean you have to agree with everything or submit to everyone’s opinion. F. Your listening habits are a part of your personality and a reflection of your beliefs and attitude. G. Unfortunately, most of us do not remember this simple virtue later in life and are carried away by the charms of speech. Ⅱ卷 一、补全短文（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，从A—J中选择适当的短语补全意思并写在答题纸上。 A. to play your part to the best of your ability B. reduce your personal best C. in the precedent D. to overcome the past E. get on with the game F. to recover from actions and behaviors G. it is not affected by it H. to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability I. interfering with your life J. the less able you are to perform to your personal best What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you ___27___ that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and ____28____. The perfect example is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and ____29____, the better their performance. Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is ____30____. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence, you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last,____31____. Your job is ____32____. Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present,____33____. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to ____34____. Stop the past from ____35____. Learn to recover quickly. The way forward? Live in the present. Not ____36____ 二、单词填空（共15题，每小题1分，共15分） 请根据中文或首字母提示用单词适当形式填空，并将完整单词写在答题纸上。 37. The company’s i ________ (创新的) approach to renewable energy has set them apart in the industry. (根据中英文提示填空) 38. The new project discussed at the last meeting i________ (涉及) several departments and required close collaboration. (根据中英文提示填空) 39. His a________(气恼) was evident when the meeting kept getting delayed for no reason. (根据中英文提示填空) 40. More generally, there exists a strong a________ (强烈欲望) for work in order to buy goods and to get ahead. (根据中英文提示填空) 41. He felt e________ (尴尬的) when he tripped in front of the whole class. (根据中英文提示填空) 42. The decision to ban plastic bags will have f________(深远的) consequences for the environment. (根据中英文提示填空) 43. Traveling necessities like food, r________(可重复充填的) water bottles, books, socks and electronics should always be packed from home so you can avoid inflated airport prices. (根据中英文提示填空) 44. I a________ (偶然地) broke my phone while I was walking down the stairs. (根据中英文提示填空) 45. The a________ (氛围) at the party was lively, with music and laughter filling the air. (根据中英文提示填空) 46. To e________ (增强) your writing skills, it’s important to read a wide range of texts. (根据中英文提示填空) 47. He felt a great deal of a________ (焦虑) before his final exams, unable to concentrate. (根据中英文提示填空) 48. The new technology could p________ (潜在地) revolutionize the way we travel in the future. (根据中英文提示填空) 49. She radiates an i________ (有感染力的) enthusiasm for everything she does. (根据中英文提示填空) 50. As he pushed her, she s________ (摇摆，摆动) higher and higher, enjoying the warm afternoon breeze. (根据中英文提示填空) 51. Some of the most efficient refrigerators c________ (消耗) 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. (根据中英文提示填空) 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A famous art collector ____52____ (walk) through the city when he noticed a dirty cat ____53____ (lap) milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very ____54____ (value), so he walked ____55____ (casual) into the store and offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars. The store owner replied, “I’m sorry, but the cat isn’t ____56____ sale.” B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning ____57____ (go) on for generations, such as identical twins. For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996, who ____58____ (live) for six and half years. In 2018, the cloning of Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two long-tailed monkeys, ____59____ (announce) by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates to have been cloned. The successful cloning of primates ____60____ (lead) to worldwide praise ____61____ it is a huge breakthrough in cures for diseases and clues on prevention of the aging process. 四、阅读与表达（共3小题：第36、37题各2分，第38题4分，共8分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Nature is turning on us In the last few years, we have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earth’s changeable weather patterns. Thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and forest fires have become increasingly common. There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with more hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America. In 2016, there were three volcanic eruptions at almost the same time in Indonesia. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier. A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires. So why is nature beginning to turn on us? One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world is growing at the disturbing rate of 10,000 people an hour, nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the developing world. Poor people in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil. These homes can easily fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially after heavy rain. On top of that, there is the added aspect of global warming. This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles. The destruction of the world’s forests plays a part, too. As a result, a hotter ocean causes stronger winds. Atlantic hurricanes are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago. Landslides and earthquakes are even more dangerous now than in the past because around half of the world’s population now live in the cities. Many people in cities and town in South America and Asia are at risk from landslides. In April 2017, the city of Mocoa in Colombia was hit by a landslide, leaving many dead and injured. A great number of people live at risk from earthquakes too. These have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. Most disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse. Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do. The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. Dust from the volcano rolled across the Earth’s skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer in Europe and America. But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. “It reduced temperatures by maybe 6℃ in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000 years ... ” 62. List two examples to show nature is turning on us. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 63. According to the author, why is nature turning on us? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 64. Is Professor Hou Ming’s attitude positive or negative towards future? Find evidence from the text. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$