内容正文:
专题(一) 名词、冠词
考点速查
综合演练
考点自测
语法填空迁移练。
1.I met some friendly (German) when I travelled abroad, and they offered me much help.
2.Mike is honest boy. We all trust him.
3.Many (photo) were taken during my last trip to Xizang.
4. difference between who you are and who you want to be depends on what you do.
5.Li Wei likes science and his dream is to be a (science) like Tu Youyou.
6.Many famous (direct) appeared at the film festival.
Germans
an
photos
The
scientist
directors
返回目录
考点自测
7.—Who is that man on the poster?
—Zhong Nanshan, excellent doctor!
8.Everyone was touched by that great erhu (master) performance.
9.March 8th is (woman) Day and June 1st is
(child) Day.
10.(2024·扬州改编)—Do you know why zebrafish(斑马鱼) are taken to Shenzhou-18?
—They have (advantage) like small sizes and short development cycles.
an
master’s
Women’s
Children’s
advantages
返回目录
考点自测
11.We will never forget those brave (hero) who died for our country.
12.Some parents believe boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
heroes
a
返回目录
考点自测
考点一
可数名词
1.可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
名词
❶
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s bag→bags
map→maps
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
情况 构成方法 例词
以s, x, sh,
ch等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses
fox→foxes
wish→wishes
watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es city→cities
baby→babies
family→families
library→libraries
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
情况 构成方法 例词
以o结尾的词 表示有生命的词,加-es hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
[巧学妙记]
英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
情况 构成方法 例词
以o结尾的词 表示无生命的词,加-s zoo→zoos
photo→photos
piano→pianos
radio→radios
video→videos
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
情况 构成方法 例词
以f或fe 结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为v,再加-es shelf→shelves
thief→thieves
leaf→leaves
wolf→wolves
half→halves
knife→knives
wife→wives
返回目录
考点速查
(2)不规则变化
构成方法 例词
man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth
man→men woman→women
单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep deer→deer
只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, jeans,
scissors, shorts
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
构成方法 例词
特殊变化 child→children
mouse→mice
表示“某国人”的名词 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese
变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans
American→Americans
[巧学妙记]中日不变,英法变,其他后面加-s
返回目录
考点速查
2.可数名词复数的修饰词
these(这些), those(那些), few(很少), a few(一些), many(许多), too many(太多的), a couple of(两个;几个), a great/large number of(大量的),大于1的具体基数词(如:35 pens)等。
返回目录
考点速查
考点二
不可数名词
1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
饮食 rice, butter, beef, bread, salt, mutton, water, milk, tea
自然 fire, grass, ice, light, rain, snow, weather
材料 cotton, gold, plastic, silk, glass, steel
抽象 advice, courage, failure, fun, help, information, kindness, knowledge, luck, love, pleasure, power, progress, music, trust, housework
返回目录
考点速查
13
2.不可数名词的量化表达
不可数名词是不能用数量计算的名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an或数词表示数量。
用法 示例
用much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any, a great deal of, a large amount of(大量的)等表示多少 The rich man has a lot of money.
There is some juice in the bottle.
Do you have any advice?
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
用法 示例
用“数词或冠词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词”的结构 a piece of paper
a drop of water
two cups of tea
注意:表计量的名词用单数还是复数取决于其前面的数词或冠词
返回目录
考点速查
3. 可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析
(1)既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的单词和短语:
all(全部);some(一些);enough(足够的);a lot of/lots of/plenty of(许多)等。
(2)既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。
返回目录
考点速查
词条 可数名词含义 不可数名词含义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
room 房间 空间
time 次;回 时间
experience 经历 经验
fruit 各种水果 水果
food 各种食物 食物
paper 试卷;论文;报纸 纸
exercise 练习;一套动作 锻炼
difficulty 难题 艰难
返回目录
考点速查
考点三
名词所有格
1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,一般有’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。
返回目录
考点速查
18
2.名词所有格的构成规则
类别 构成方法 示例
‘s所有格,常用于有生命的名词 一般在词尾加“‘s” the boy’s bag
男孩的书包
以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘” Teachers’ Day
教师节
不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘s” Women’s Day
妇女节
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
类别 构成方法 示例
‘s所有格,常用于有生命的名词 表示“分别所有”和“共有” Kate’s and Mary’s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)
Kate and Mary’s room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)
“‘s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略 at the doctor’s 在诊所
at Li Lei’s 在李雷家
somebody,every-body等不定代词与else连用时,“‘s”加在else后面 somebody else’s book别人的书
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
类别 构成方法 示例
‘s所有
格用于
无生命
的名词 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词,也可加“‘s”或“‘”来构成所有格 an hour’s walk
一个小时的步行路程
two days’ holiday
两天的假期
of所
有格 用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格 the name of the song
歌曲的名字
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
类别 构成方法 示例
双重所有格 名词+of+名词所有格;名词+of+名词性物主代词 a friend of my sister’s
我姐姐的一个朋友
a friend of mine
我的一个朋友
返回目录
考点速查
冠词是一种虚词,常放在名词前面,帮助说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词本身不能单独使用。冠词可分为三大类:不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
冠词
❷
返回目录
考点速查
1.常见用法
不定冠词a/an一般只用来修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,如a book;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,如an idea等。
考点一
不定冠词a/an的用法
使用情况 例句
表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈 I need a sweater for school.我需要一件上学穿的毛衣。
表示“每一”,用在事物的单位前 Take this medicine three times a day.一天服药三次。
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
使用情况 例句
用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 Once there lived an old man in the mountain.
从前山上住着一位老人。
表示人或事物的某一种类,以区别于其他种类 A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
用在序数词前,表示“又一;再一” I want to have a third try. 我想再试一次。
返回目录
考点速查
判断一个词前是用a还是an,是根据其读音,不是根据其字母。
注意
返回目录
考点速查
an umbrella an hour
an honest boy an unusual book
a uniform a university
a useful book a European country
易错归纳
返回目录
考点速查
2.含不定冠词的常见习惯用语
have a rest 休息 have a good time 玩得高兴
go for a walk 散步 give sb. a hand 帮助某人
make a living 谋生 take a chance 冒险
in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 in a word 总之;一句话
as a result 结果 for a while 一会儿
in a moment 立刻;一会儿 wait a minute 稍等一会儿
返回目录
考点速查
不定冠词a/an,基本用法记心间;
辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用an;
人/事物首次提,泛指某人或某物;
单位前表每一,序数词前表又一;
固定搭配要牢记。
巧学妙记
返回目录
考点速查
考点二
定冠词the的用法
1.常见用法
使用情况 例句
用于特指或上文已提到过的人或事物前 Do you know the girl in red?你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗?
My mother bought a bicycle for me yesterday. The bicycle is black. 我妈妈昨天给我买了一辆自行车。这辆自行车是黑色的。
用在双方都知道的人或事物前 I’d like to look up some new words in the dictionary.我想在这本词典里查一些新单词。
返回目录
考点速查
30
(续表)
使用情况 例句
用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The moon moves around the earth.月球绕着地球转。
通常用在序数词和形容词的最高级前及对特定的两个人或事物进行比较的比较级前 Linda is the first one to get to school every day.
琳达是每天第一个到学校的人。
She is the tallest girl in our basketball team.
她是我们篮球队最高的女孩。
Tom is the younger of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中年龄较小的那个。
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
使用情况 例句
用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Greens are having a picnic in the forest.
格林一家正在森林里野餐。
“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物 The young should respect and help the old.
年轻人应该尊重和帮助老人。
用在乐器名词前 play the piano弹钢琴
play the violin拉小提琴
play the guitar弹吉他
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
使用情况 例句
用在表示方位的名词前 I was born in the east, but now live in San Francisco.
我出生在东部,但现在住在旧金山。
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 My family are going to the Great Wall this Sunday.
我们一家打算这周日去长城。
用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 The Yangtze River is very beautiful. 长江非常美丽。
返回目录
考点速查
2.含定冠词的常见习惯用语
in the morning/afternoon/evening
在上午/下午/晚上
in the end 最后
go to the cinema 去看电影
the same as 和……相同
by the way 顺便提一下
on the way to… 在去……的路上
the number of ……的数量
返回目录
考点速查
all the time 一直
at the moment 此刻;目前
at the same time 同时
at the age of 在……岁时
at the end of 在……的末端
at the beginning of 在……的开始
返回目录
考点速查
特指双方熟悉, 上文已经提及;
世上独一无二, 序数词最高级;
方位名词乐器, 外加复数姓氏;
某些专有名词, 习惯用语特记。
巧学妙记
返回目录
考点速查
考点三
零冠词的用法
1.常见用法
使用情况 示例
在某些专有名词(人名、地名、国名)、物质名词、抽象名词前 Jim lives in Hong Kong now. 吉姆现在住在香港。
Wisdom is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
在不可数名词前或可数名词复数表示泛
指时 Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
Tigers like meat, and sheep like grass.
老虎喜欢吃肉,羊喜欢吃草。
返回目录
考点速查
37
(续表)
使用情况 示例
名词前已有作定语的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, their, our, some, any, each, every等代词时 This cartoon is very funny.
这部动画片很有趣。
在学科、一日三餐、球类运动或棋牌类名词前 study chemistry 学习化学
have breakfast 吃早饭
play basketball 打篮球
play chess 下国际象棋
返回目录
考点速查
(续表)
使用情况 示例
在部分节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前 National Day 国庆节
on Monday 在星期一
in May 在五月份
in summer 在夏天
在称呼、职务或头衔(用作表语或同位语时)等前 Mr Green is elected manager of our company. 格林先生被选为我们公司的经理。
Professor Wang is strict with his students.
王教授对他的学生很严格。
返回目录
考点速查
2.常见不用冠词的固定搭配
at home 在家 at work 在工作
at once 马上 at first 起初
at last 最后 at noon 在正午
at night 在晚上 on business 出差
on foot 步行 on duty 值日/班
on fire 着火 on time 按时;准时
on show/display 展览 in time 及时
in fact 事实上 in danger 处于危险中
返回目录
考点速查
in trouble 处于困境 in space 在太空
go to bed 上床睡觉 by heart 能背诵
by mistake 错误地 by accident 偶然
by air(plane)/ship/train/bus/car 乘飞机/轮船/火车/公共汽车/小汽车
返回目录
考点速查
下列情况零冠词,学科球类三餐饭;
专有名词不可数,星期月份季节前;
交通方式和节日,习惯俗称和头衔。
巧学妙记
返回目录
考点速查
3.易混短语:名词前有无冠词含义不同
不带冠词 带冠词
go to school
去上学(是学生) go to the school 到学校去(不一定是学生)
at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边
in class/hospital 在上课/住院 in the class/hospital 在班级里/在医院里
by sea 经由海路 by the sea 在海边
in front of 在……(外部的)前面 in the front of 在……(内部的)前面
next year 明年 the next year 第二年
返回目录
考点速查
下列情况应加冠词:
(1)表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时应加冠词。
They had a quick breakfast yesterday.
昨天他们匆忙吃了早饭。
(2)指某一年的某个季节时应加冠词。
in the summer of 2024在2024年的夏天
注意
返回目录
考点速查
Ⅰ.用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。
A
pollute place environment act turn off
Save the Earth
1.Everyone should play a part in protecting the .
2.It’s necessary to the lights when we leave the classroom.
3.It’s a good way to cut down air by taking the bus or subway.
environment
turn off
pollution
综合演练
返回目录
Save the Earth
4.You are supposed to throw the rubbish in the bin and keep public
clean.
5.Our can make a difference and lead to a better future.
pollute place environment act turn off
places
actions
综合演练
返回目录
B
wish surprise fun symbol blow out
Grandpa’s Birthday Party
6.We decide to hold a meaningful birthday party for my grandpa.
7.I plan to boil long noodles for him because they are a of long life.
8.We will give our best for Grandpa to be healthier and happier next year.
9.Grandpa needs to 90 candles in one go.
10.We are sure to have at the birthday party.
surprise
symbol
wishes
blow out
fun
综合演练
返回目录
Ⅱ.用适当的冠词(a, an, the, /)填空。
1.(2024·杭州模拟改编)He doesn’t look well. What’s matter?
2.There is bridge over there. bridge is made of wood.
3.This is interesting book. I’ve read it for hour.
4.I bought new computer last weekend. computer is made in China.
5.Hangzhou is city full of history, culture and places of interest.
the
a
The
an
an
a
The
a
/
综合演练
返回目录
6.(2024·滨州改编)— final exam is coming. How is it going?
—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as usual one. I think I can make it.
7.—How was dinner at Mike’s house?
—It was great. Mike’s mum is wonderful cook.
8.My brother often plays football with his classmates after school.
The
a
the
a
/
综合演练
返回目录
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子。每空限填一词。
1.My (脖子) hurts so much that I cannot even turn my head.
2.There are three (月) in spring, including March, April and May.
3.At a (一刻钟) past seven last night, I was watching a documentary about space.
4.The local (政府) is paying more attention to environmental protection.
neck
months
quarter
government
综合演练
返回目录
5.We help the farmers near our school to pick (西红柿) every year.
6.Children mustn’t play with dangerous objects like (刀) or scissors.
7.Thomas Edison is one of the greatest (发明家) in the world.
8.The lovely pandas on these (邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood.
tomatoes
knives
inventors
stamps
综合演练
返回目录
Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.—When is (father) Day?
—On the third Sunday of June.
2.It’s common to see some special (seat) for those in need on buses.
3. (succeed) comes from working hard, having a positive attitude, and learning from mistakes.
4.She is the same (high) as her sister, but she’s much thinner.
Father’s
seats
Success
height
综合演练
返回目录
5.In the company, there are five (Japanese) and ten
(American).
6.He took charge of the family business after his father’s
(die).
7.Her (brave) in the face of danger inspired everyone around her.
8.(2024·杭州模拟改编)Hearing the heart-warming words from his dad, Peter went to the singing competition with
(confident) rather than fear in his heart.
Japanese
Americans
death
bravery
confidence
综合演练
返回目录
Ⅴ.语法填空
核心素养·传统文化
Hanfu, a traditional style of clothing once worn by the Han people, has enjoyed popularity among young Chinese people. More and more young people are taking to wearing hanfu1.
they believe it’s the best way to spread Chinese tradition.
Yang Kunning was born in the 1990s and works in public relations. She is 2. (interest) in sharing her love for hanfu online. 3. opened an account on a video-sharing platform and posted videos featuring herself wearing hanfu.
because
interested
She
综合演练
返回目录
4. (thousand) of comments and likes pour into her channel as viewers find her videos creative. They are mixing traditional culture 5. modern dance movements.
“Social media has made hanfu culture 6. (wide) popular, both in China and abroad,” 7. (say) Liu Xiang, a co-founder of a hanfu community. “Traditional culture has no national or ethnic boundaries(民族界限),” Liu adds.
Thousands
with
widely
says
综合演练
返回目录
Yang has 8. collection of around 30 hanfu, suitable for different seasons and places. She says 9. (customer) also expect to buy various kinds of hanfu now.
Hanfu-related markets 10. (welcome) by more and more companies and factories.
a
customers
are welcomed
综合演练
返回目录
$$