第08讲定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 -【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第08讲定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 定语从句 1、 定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词 之后。 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句 1、关系代词： who：用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：The man who is standing there is my teacher. （站在那里的男人是我的老师，“who”在从句中作主语。） whom：指人，在从句中作宾语。如：The girl whom I met yesterday is very kind. （我昨天遇到的女孩很善良，“whom”作宾语。） which：指物，可作主语或宾语。例如：This is the book which I bought last week. （这是我上周买的书，“which”作宾语。） that：既可指人也可指物，常作主语或宾语。如：I like the movie that is very interesting. （我喜欢那部很有趣的电影，“that”作主语。） whose：表示所属关系，可指人或物。例如：The house whose roof is red is mine. （屋顶是红色的房子是我的，“whose”表示房子的屋顶。） 2、 关系副词： when：用来修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。例如：I still remember the day when we first met.（我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天，“when”在从句中作时间状语。） where：修饰地点名词，在从句中作地点状语。如：This is the place where I grew up.（这是我长大的地方，“where”作地点状语。） why：修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中作原因状语。例如：Can you tell me the reason why you were late? （你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？“why”作原因状语。） 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 3、特殊情况 （1）修饰物时，关系代词只能用that的情况： ①先行词既有人又有物 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. ②先行词被the only, the very, just the, the last及序数词修饰 It is the only film that I like. ③先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most interesting novel that I’ve ever read. ④先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, a little, few, a few, 等修饰 I have read all the books that you gave me. ⑤先行词本身是不定代词all, any, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything, everything等。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? ⑥主句的主语是疑问代词who和which时，关系代词用that Who is the girl that helped the man out of trouble? 注意：先行词为the way时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，in which, that, 省略 I don’t like the way you speak. （2） 指人时在下列情况下多用或须用 who ①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who. Do you know the man who spoke just now? ②先行词为all, one, ones, everyone, anyone, nobody, 或all指人时，多用who。 All who heard the news were excited. ③先行词为those和people时多用who。 People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly. ④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。 Mr Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term. ⑤ 在以there be开头的句子中多用who. There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. （3）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句 ① “介词 + 关系代词” 引导定语从句时, 关系代词只能用which 指物或用whom指人, 即: 介词 + which / whom, 并且which 或 whom 不能省。 The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. ②当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that / which (指物) , that / whom / who (指人), 此时可以把这些关系单词省略。 This is the pen ( which / that) I wrote the letter with. ③当关系代词作look after ,look for , take care of ,see to 等短语动词的宾语时, 这些词中的介词不能提前. Here is the book ( that / which ) I’m looking for. ④介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词, 结构为：all, both, few, most, several, some等+ of whom/ which. In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. （4） 介词+which/whom 不定式结构。如： The poor man has no house in which to live. = The poor man has no house in which he can live.= The poor man has no house to live in. 5、关系副词的用法： 关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。 （1）when当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.用when在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词in /on/by/ during + which ”来代替when，还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。 例如Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? （2）where当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：place, school, factory, room, etc.用where在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词in/at 等+which”来代替where, 还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: (1) This is the lab where/ in which he did the experiment. （作状语） (2) This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语） （3） why当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why在定语从句中充当原因状语，也可用“介词for which”来代替why. 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如： 比较：I don’t know the reason why /for which he was fired. (作状语) Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语） 诀窍：判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只对其做一些附加说明， 如果去掉主句的意义仍然完整，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，不能用that引导 引导词 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which 关系副词：when, where I will see the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from America. My parents will fly to Shanghai, where they will stay for several days. There were many things left, some of which are almost finished. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 此句是有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的一句话。 2、关系词的使用情况有所不同 （1） 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that, why不可。 （2） 关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 （3） 关系代词省略情况不同： 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 3、as引导的定语从句 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成, the same …as…, such…as…, so…as…等结构。 I like the same book as you have. （1） “such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……这（那）样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子： Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out. （2） “the same．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“the same．．．as．．．” 表同种类的东西。 4、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别； 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面，意为"这一点"；as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，as含有"正如、正像"之意。  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 诀窍：快速判断一个句子是否为定语从句，可从以下方面入手： 1. 查看从句位置和作用 - 位置：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。例如“He likes the book which has many pictures.”中，“which has many pictures”紧跟先行词“book”之后。 - 作用：起到修饰先行词的作用，如果去掉从句，句子语义虽完整， 但先行词的信息就不够明确。 定语从句精练题： 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期中）Today a group of students from South Korea visited our school, can speak Chinese very well. A．most of them B．most of which C．most of whom D．most of those 2．（24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中）In this modern age ________ we are becoming more and more ________ from each other, flash mobs are a sign that the spirit of society is still alive. A．when; sophisticated B．what; isolated C．what; sophisticated D．when; isolated 3．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·阶段练习）______ is known to us all, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A．It B．As C．Which D．What 4．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He told us the days he was young were gone. A．that; that B．when; when C．when; that D．that; when 5．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. A．It B．As C．Which D．Who 6．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. A．of whom B．of which C．of that D．of them 7．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）After everyone was seated, there was a formal ceremony, _____ made us excited. A．that B．it C．which D．what 8．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. A．which B．that C．when D．why 9．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）______back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about_______along the railway_____many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Sitting; travelling; that B．Sat; to travel; which C．Sitting; to travel; that D．Sat; traveling; that 10．（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）Just as Martin Luther King, Jr. said, peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means ______ we arrive at the goal. A．in which B．with which C．by which D．to which 二、语法填空 11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. (用适当的词填空) 12．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）My favorite comedian is Charlie Chaplin, unique way of performing and classic works have brought joy and happiness to the whole world. （用适当的词填空） 13．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）He is rather amazed, can be seen from his face. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）I spot a small girl ankle is twice its normal size. (用适当的词填空) 16．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 17．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）As a consequence, they had to take a series of steps, none of was powerful enough to prevent the disaster.   （用适当的词填空） 18．（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 19．（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期中）Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. (用适当的词填空) 20．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 21．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中） is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 22．（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 23．（23-24高二下·江苏·课后作业）There was a time we didn’t talk to each other, but you seem not to remember.(用适当的词填空) 24．（23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）Covid-19, the most deadly virus in recent years, began to attack people in 2019, from effect people are still suffering. (用适当的词填空) 25．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, are home to high peaks and deep valleys. (用适当的词填空) 26．（22-23高二上·江苏南通·期末）We were all very grateful to John, help contributed greatly to our success. (用适当的词填空) 27．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 28．（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中） you are faced with a difficult choice, many of your trusted friends may have very valuable advice, can help you to make the decision. (用适当的词填空) 29．（23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期中）I will never forget the beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 30．（23-24高二下·辽宁·期中）He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 C D B D B B C B C C 1．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，一群来自韩国的学生参观了我们学校，他们中的大多数人中文都说得很好。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“students”，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故选C。 2．D 【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。句意：在我们彼此越来越孤立的现代，快闪族是社会精神仍然存在的标志。一空处引导定语从句，先行词是this modern age，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导，二空处，sophisticated意为“复杂的”，isolated意为“孤立的”，根据后文“flash mobs are a sign that the spirit of society is still alive”可知，应是“彼此越来越孤立的现代，快闪族是社会精神仍然存在的标志”符合语境。故选D项。 3．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，月球每月绕地球一周。本句为非限制性定语从句，as指代后面一句话的内容，且在句中作主语，as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中和句末，as is known to everybody/everyone/all 表示“众所周知”；it和what不能引导定语从句；which引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。故选B项。 4．D 【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了。第一空引导宾语从句，作told的宾语，从句主干为the days were gone，结构、意义完整，故第一空使用that引导；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是days，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导。故选D。 5．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：情况常常如此，她忘了把作业带到学校来。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为整个主句“she forgot to bring her homework to school”,应用as，as was often the case“情况常常如此”。故选B。 6．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他有两本汉英词典，都是上周买的。逗号前后无连词，故此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是dictionaries，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，使用关系代词which，故选B。 7．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大家落座后，有一个正式的仪式，这让我们很兴奋。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ceremony，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导，故选C。 8．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：John游泳游得很好，但我不喜欢他总是在公共场合炫耀的样子。空处引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词在从句中作状语，使用in which或that引导，也可省略关系词，是固定用法，故选B。 9．C 【详解】考查非谓语和定语从句。句意：靠在椅背上，我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。第一空为非谓语动词，sit与I在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作状语；第二个空为be about to do sth“将要做某事”；第二个空涉及一个限制性定语从句，空处需要填入关系代词，代替先行词the railway，在从句中作主语 ，many foreign experts claimed做插入语，所以填that。故选C项。 10．C 【详解】考查介词+关系代词。句意：正如马丁·路德·金所说，和平不仅是我们追求的遥远目标，也是我们实现目标的手段。“通过……的方式”为by ...means，先行词为means ，作by的宾语，应用冠词代词which，构成“介词+which”结构引导的定语从句。故选C项。 11．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果我们把青春比作花朵，年轻的志愿者是最美丽的，没有他们，世界将变得太冷了。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。 12．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的喜剧演员是查理·卓别林，他独特的表演方式和经典作品给全世界带来了欢乐和幸福。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是Charlie Chaplin，定语从句缺少定语修饰名词way，Charlie Chaplin和way之间是所属关系，应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 13．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。此处用“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句来修饰先行词patients，并作介词of的宾语，先行词指人，用whom引导从句。故填whom。 14．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他相当惊讶，从他的脸上可以看出。as can be seen from...是一个常用的固定句式，意为 “正如从……可以看出的那样”，在这里as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，它指代的是前面整个句子，意为“正如……”。故填 as。 15．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我发现一个小女孩，她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词girl，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。 16．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有46个学生，其中三分之一戴眼镜。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词46 students(指人)在从句中作介词of的宾语成分，所以此处为介词of+关系代词whom引导的定语从句。故填whom。 17．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，他们不得不采取一系列步骤，但没有一个步骤足以阻止这场灾难的发生。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，从句中缺少of的宾语，指物，应用which，故填which。 18．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 19．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员，他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，the new members为先行词，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。 20．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。 21．As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，苹果公司将在下个月的这个时候推出一款新的平板电脑。根据is reported及后面句子内容可知，空处表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，用as引导，放在句首，首字母大写。As is reported,为固定句型，意思为：据报道。故填As。 22．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。 23．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：曾经有一段时间我们彼此不说话，但你似乎不记得了。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when，故填when。 24．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新冠肺炎是近年来最致命的病毒，从2019年开始袭击人们，人们仍在遭受其影响。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Covid-19，指物，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰effect，应使用whose。故填whose。 25．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：太平洋海岸以东是雄伟的落基山脉，这里有高峰和深谷。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rocky Mountains，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。。 26．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都很感谢约翰，他的帮助对我们的成功贡献很大。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是John，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 27．As 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的一年中，用户数量稳步增长，这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功。As the chart shows正如图表所示。as引导非限定性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 28． When which 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意：当你面临一个困难的选择时，你的许多值得信赖的朋友可能会有非常宝贵的建议，可以帮助你做出决定。第一空引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”需用连接词when，位于句首，首字母需大写；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词advice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填①When；②which。 29．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起度过童年的那个美丽的村庄。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 30．who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他，因为他记录了半个多世纪以来整个城市及其人民的生活。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，在从句作宾语，指人，应用who或whom。故填who/whom。 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第08讲定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 定语从句 1、 定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词 之后。 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句 1、关系代词： who：用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：The man who is standing there is my teacher. （站在那里的男人是我的老师，“who”在从句中作主语。） whom：指人，在从句中作宾语。如：The girl whom I met yesterday is very kind. （我昨天遇到的女孩很善良，“whom”作宾语。） which：指物，可作主语或宾语。例如：This is the book which I bought last week. （这是我上周买的书，“which”作宾语。） that：既可指人也可指物，常作主语或宾语。如：I like the movie that is very interesting. （我喜欢那部很有趣的电影，“that”作主语。） whose：表示所属关系，可指人或物。例如：The house whose roof is red is mine. （屋顶是红色的房子是我的，“whose”表示房子的屋顶。） 2、 关系副词： when：用来修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。例如：I still remember the day when we first met.（我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天，“when”在从句中作时间状语。） where：修饰地点名词，在从句中作地点状语。如：This is the place where I grew up.（这是我长大的地方，“where”作地点状语。） why：修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中作原因状语。例如：Can you tell me the reason why you were late? （你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？“why”作原因状语。） 定语从句句子结构： 基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I love the song that you sing. （“the song”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“you sing”是定语从句。） 3、特殊情况 （1）修饰物时，关系代词只能用that的情况： ①先行词既有人又有物 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. ②先行词被the only, the very, just the, the last及序数词修饰 It is the only film that I like. ③先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most interesting novel that I’ve ever read. ④先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, a little, few, a few, 等修饰 I have read all the books that you gave me. ⑤先行词本身是不定代词all, any, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything, everything等。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? ⑥主句的主语是疑问代词who和which时，关系代词用that Who is the girl that helped the man out of trouble? 注意：先行词为the way时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，in which, that, 省略 I don’t like the way you speak. （2） 指人时在下列情况下多用或须用 who ①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who. Do you know the man who spoke just now? ②先行词为all, one, ones, everyone, anyone, nobody, 或all指人时，多用who。 All who heard the news were excited. ③先行词为those和people时多用who。 People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly. ④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。 Mr Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term. ⑤ 在以there be开头的句子中多用who. There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. （3）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句 ① “介词 + 关系代词” 引导定语从句时, 关系代词只能用which 指物或用whom指人, 即: 介词 + which / whom, 并且which 或 whom 不能省。 The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. ②当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that / which (指物) , that / whom / who (指人), 此时可以把这些关系单词省略。 This is the pen ( which / that) I wrote the letter with. ③当关系代词作look after ,look for , take care of ,see to 等短语动词的宾语时, 这些词中的介词不能提前. Here is the book ( that / which ) I’m looking for. ④介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词, 结构为：all, both, few, most, several, some等+ of whom/ which. In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. （4） 介词+which/whom 不定式结构。如： The poor man has no house in which to live. = The poor man has no house in which he can live.= The poor man has no house to live in. 5、关系副词的用法： 关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。 （1）when当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.用when在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词in /on/by/ during + which ”来代替when，还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。 例如Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? （2）where当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：place, school, factory, room, etc.用where在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词in/at 等+which”来代替where, 还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: (1) This is the lab where/ in which he did the experiment. （作状语） (2) This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语） （3） why当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why在定语从句中充当原因状语，也可用“介词for which”来代替why. 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如： 比较：I don’t know the reason why /for which he was fired. (作状语) Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语） 诀窍：判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只对其做一些附加说明， 如果去掉主句的意义仍然完整，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，不能用that引导 引导词 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which 关系副词：when, where I will see the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from America. My parents will fly to Shanghai, where they will stay for several days. There were many things left, some of which are almost finished. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 此句是有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的一句话。 2、关系词的使用情况有所不同 （1） 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that, why不可。 （2） 关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 （3） 关系代词省略情况不同： 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 3、as引导的定语从句 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成, the same …as…, such…as…, so…as…等结构。 I like the same book as you have. （1） “such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……这（那）样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子： Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out. （2） “the same．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“the same．．．as．．．” 表同种类的东西。 4、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别； 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面，意为"这一点"；as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，as含有"正如、正像"之意。  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 诀窍：快速判断一个句子是否为定语从句，可从以下方面入手： 1. 查看从句位置和作用 - 位置：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。例如“He likes the book which has many pictures.”中，“which has many pictures”紧跟先行词“book”之后。 - 作用：起到修饰先行词的作用，如果去掉从句，句子语义虽完整， 但先行词的信息就不够明确。 定语从句精练题： 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期中）Today a group of students from South Korea visited our school, can speak Chinese very well. A．most of them B．most of which C．most of whom D．most of those 2．（24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中）In this modern age ________ we are becoming more and more ________ from each other, flash mobs are a sign that the spirit of society is still alive. A．when; sophisticated B．what; isolated C．what; sophisticated D．when; isolated 3．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·阶段练习）______ is known to us all, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A．It B．As C．Which D．What 4．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He told us the days he was young were gone. A．that; that B．when; when C．when; that D．that; when 5．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. A．It B．As C．Which D．Who 6．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. A．of whom B．of which C．of that D．of them 7．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）After everyone was seated, there was a formal ceremony, _____ made us excited. A．that B．it C．which D．what 8．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. A．which B．that C．when D．why 9．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）______back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about_______along the railway_____many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Sitting; travelling; that B．Sat; to travel; which C．Sitting; to travel; that D．Sat; traveling; that 10．（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）Just as Martin Luther King, Jr. said, peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means ______ we arrive at the goal. A．in which B．with which C．by which D．to which 二、语法填空 11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. (用适当的词填空) 12．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）My favorite comedian is Charlie Chaplin, unique way of performing and classic works have brought joy and happiness to the whole world. （用适当的词填空） 13．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）He is rather amazed, can be seen from his face. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）I spot a small girl ankle is twice its normal size. (用适当的词填空) 16．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 17．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）As a consequence, they had to take a series of steps, none of was powerful enough to prevent the disaster.   （用适当的词填空） 18．（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 19．（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期中）Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. (用适当的词填空) 20．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 21．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中） is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 22．（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 23．（23-24高二下·江苏·课后作业）There was a time we didn’t talk to each other, but you seem not to remember.(用适当的词填空) 24．（23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）Covid-19, the most deadly virus in recent years, began to attack people in 2019, from effect people are still suffering. (用适当的词填空) 25．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, are home to high peaks and deep valleys. (用适当的词填空) 26．（22-23高二上·江苏南通·期末）We were all very grateful to John, help contributed greatly to our success. (用适当的词填空) 27．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 28．（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中） you are faced with a difficult choice, many of your trusted friends may have very valuable advice, can help you to make the decision. (用适当的词填空) 29．（23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期中）I will never forget the beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 30．（23-24高二下·辽宁·期中）He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$