专题06 阅读理解说明文 -备战2025年中考英语真题题源解密（广东专用）

专题06 阅读理解说明文    真题呈现   【真题呈现】【2024年广东省中考】 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 56．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 57．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A．B．C． D． 58．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 59．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 60．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers   【真题呈现】【2024年广东深圳市中考】 After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 16．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By using a saying. 17．What does the underlined word “demand” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 18．From Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna plays an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 19．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 20．What does the last paragraph of the article explain ________. A．We need to care about wildlife B．We need to eat wild animals C．We need to reflect on our own values and beliefs D．We don’t want to protect wild animals   【真题呈现】【2024年广东广州市中考】 Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 37. What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A. Break down useless things. B. Collect used things. C. Create things out of old ones. D. Come up with good ideas. 38. How is upcycling different from recycling? A. It’s a completely new idea. B. It needs more energy. C. It requires more time and work. D. It’s a greener way of life. 39. Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A. To list the steps of doing upcycling. B. To give a good example of upcycling. C. To express a different idea of upcycling. D. To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To encourage people to do upcycling. B. To introduce the history of upcycling. C. To compare upcycling with recycling. D. To explain the importance of recycling 考点精讲 【题型概述】 中考英语阅读理解说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式： 总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。 递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。 并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。 对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。 【命题解读】 一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。 从命题形式看：常见的说明文的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义推断题、推理判断题、主旨概括题、观点态度题以及写作意图等题型。 【应试技巧】 阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。 技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。 技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。 技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。 技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。 技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。 技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。 课堂典例 一、推理判断题 【示例】 “Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.” ..................... Picture this. You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel? 9．In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions ________. A．have speeded up our lives B．have improved the quality of our lives C．may make people feel very happy D．may bring people some trouble 11．According to the passage, which is NOT right? A．People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier. B．An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better. C．The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house. D．With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired. 【示例】 Proms are a big part of high school for students in the UK. A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school, such as the end of secondary school or completing school exams. A secondary school prom often includes a big party and beautiful clothing. 49．The purpose of this passage is mainly to ________ . A．invite the readers to attend proms B．introduce the prom parties in the UK C．give schools some advice on prom D．show different proms around the world 二、词义猜测题 【示例】 Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? New communication technology seems to keep away from each other. With e-mail over the Internet, we can communicate without seeing or talking to one another. 31．The underlined word “disconnected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．lonely B．satisfied C．stupid D．interested 【示例】 Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone accept my photo? I hope a lot of people like it!” It seems like your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people. 44．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 4? A．People often treat mobiles as real people. B．People regard mobiles as their secret friends. C．People often make phone calls when they get together. D．People pay more attention to mobiles than to real people. 四、主旨大意题 【示例】 Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software（软件）which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways. Although the program isn’t the most convenient one you’ve ever used, it can help improve your Chinese vocabulary. The program’s interface（界面）isn’t very attractive so many people don’t like it when they first see it. Also, it can sometimes be hard to operate（操作）. Each function（功能）holds a window, but if you close the window, it will take you back to the main menu or close the program. But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it. Users can read a word or phrase（词组）in English and then click（点击）on the matching word in Chinese, hear the Chinese word spoken and choose the matching English word, or see the English word written and then type（打字）the Chinese word. The program allows users to practice not only their vocabulary, but also their reading, listening and spelling skills. ................ 62．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．How to learn English. B．What Word Banker English-Chinese is C．How to learn Chinese. D．What we can get from the program 63．The purpose of the article is to ________. 五、篇章结构题 【示例】 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names...... The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. .................. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. .......... We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 53．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【示例】 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. ............. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, ................... There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 57．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(①=para 1 ②=para 2,....) A． B． C． D．       01. Easter is a festival to celebrate the rebirth after the cold winter. We can see lots of symbols of new life on Easter, like eggs or chicks and rabbits. Unlike Christmas, Easter isn’t on the same date each year. It is on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox (春分). People in the UK have a holiday which is almost as long as the Christmas holiday. It’s a public holiday. Everyone looks forward to their Easter break because it’s a moment to relax, have a short holiday or visit family and friends. For most England children, Easter means chocolate eggs. Almost every shop sells a lot of chocolate eggs. Ninety million chocolate eggs are sold in the UK each year, and each child gets about eight chocolate eggs that day. Most doctors advise people to eat Easter eggs reasonably. On Easter Day, people paint on eggs to give others as presents. And they always hide eggs for children to find. Some places even hold competitions to see who can roll an egg down a hill without breaking it! 1．Easter is a festival in ______. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．Which of the following is NOT the symbols of new life on Easter? A．Eggs B．Chicks C．Rabbits D．Dogs 3．The underlined word “rebirth” means ______. A．improvement B．growth C．new life D．birthday 4．How many chocolate eggs are sold in the UK each year? A．90000000 B．900000 C．90000 D．9000000 5．Which of the following is TRUE about Easter? A．It’s always on the same date every year. B．It’s a moment to visit family and friends. C．Most doctors advise people to eat more Easter eggs. D．You can see egg-rolling competitions everywhere. 02. Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sadness, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day, we learn to deal with all kinds of problems. ________ Love makes you feel wanted. Without love, a person could become cruel. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with love and care. They teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we don’t always care about it. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands others’ feelings. Happiness can bring people a peaceful mind. No mind is happy without peace. Things like failure and illness may bring sadness, but sadness will pass away. Failure is the way to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings money, fame and self-respect. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hours, because after every night there is a day. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is out of our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dark. So the only choice is to work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow. 6．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________ A．Love plays a main role in our life. B．Success only brings people money and fame. C．Love teaches us what is right and wrong. D．With love a person could become warm. 7．According to the passage, which one is right? A．Happiness can’t make people peaceful. B．Parents are the ones who give us love. C．Without hope, people can still keep their life going. D．People will feel sad when they fail, but the sadness will pass away one day. 8．What’s the purpose(目的) of the passage? A．To ask people to love each other. B．To tell people how to face sadness and happiness. C．To give readers some information about life. D．To tell people what is a beautiful dream. 9．If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph 4 ⑤=Paragraph 5 ⑥=Paragraph 6) A．①②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ 03. Right now, you probably spend most of your time at school. Do you wonder what you are going to do after high school? Will you continue schooling? Will you learn a trade? What kind of job would be right for you? The following steps will help you make a plan for careers (职业). Firstly, develop your interests and skills. You may like to listen to music, dance, or work with computers.You may know how to drive a car. Understanding what you enjoy and what you’re good at is the most important step. Secondly, discover possible careers. Once you’ve thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might consider a career as a P. E.teacher or a soccer coach. If you like English, a career as an English teacher,a translator or a travelling guide might be a good choice. Thirdly, do some research. After discovering possible jobs, you’ll want to learn more about them. Talking directly to workers on the phone, by e-mail, or through online discussion can help you get information about what they do. Even meeting with them in person is helpful. First-hand information is necessary for you to find out if you’ll really like the career. We can’t make sure that career planning can help solve all the problems that you will meet in the future. But it does make it easier to achieve your future goals. 10．How does the writer lead in the topic in paragraph 1? A．By giving explanation. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By giving facts. 11．To make a plan for your career, you can start by ______ A．discovering possible careers B．developing interests and skills C．doing some useful research D．discussing with someone online 12．How many suggestions does the writer give? A．one B．two C．three D．four 13．The passage is probably written to ______ A．students B．workers C．parents D．teachers 14．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Meaning of Career Planning B．The Value of Doing Research C．The Importance of Interests and Skills D．The Ways of Preparing for Careers 04. A group of scientists set out to estimate (估计) the number of ants on Earth. According to their research, there are about 2.5 million ants for every human on the planet. Then the scientists held 489 studies of ant populations. The studies covered all kinds of habitats including cities, deserts and forests. The researchers find that most ants live in tropical (热带的) areas and that they are more commonly found in forests and dry areas than in human-made habitats. In addition, the scientists find that the population of ants is more than the number of all the world’s wild birds and animals together. The researchers say this number is a low estimate. This is because they did not have much information on how many ants live underground. Besides, there were not many trusted studies about how many ants live in certain parts of the world, like Africa. Ants play very important roles in the environment. They help to spread seeds, help water reach plant roots, and are a kind of food for many living things. Patrick, who did this new estimate, said “I am sure the whole nature would simply break down without ants.” For checking their populations, it is useful to estimate how many ants there are. Then the scientists can see if they are becoming less because of harmful changes in the environment. Worldwide, the number of insects, a group that includes ants, is becoming less. However, it is not clear if the number of ants is becoming less as well. 15．What does the under lined word “habitats” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Natural homes of ants. B．Living areas of people. C．Good conditions for ants. D．Working places for people. 16．What causes the number of ants to be a low estimate? A．There aren’t many ants in forests. B．There are too many ants in Africa. C．The studies aren’t sure about ants underground. D．The studies are mainly held in the cities. 17．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Fewer living things see ants as food. B．Ants are of great importance to nature. C．Most ants live in human-made habitats. D．The whole nature will break down with ants. 18．Why do the scientists estimate the number of ants? A．To see if ants are becoming less. B．To check the number of wild birds. C．To research the population of humans. D．To study if animals’ conditions are better. 19．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Finding the Change of Ants B．Studying the Life of Ants C．Rebuilding the Home of Ants D．Researching the Number of Ants       01. The holiday is the season to be joyful. However, many people feel sad or worried during or after holidays. When such feeling is connected only with holidays and doesn’t happen at other times of the year, it’s often called holiday blues (忧郁). ▲ This can be a result of money problems, extra activities and stress around holidays. People can also have holiday blues for terrible relationships with family and being alone during the holidays. Much increased traffic around holidays can cause holiday blues, too. Holiday blues can have you feeling like hiding instead of celebrating. They can also lead to thinking patterns that aren’t helpful. For example, if you angrily shout at your kids, then you may think you’re the worst mom. If you can’t make cookies this year, you will think you’re just not as nice as you used to be. If you make efforts to make money, you may feel you’ll never be rich. So we shouldn’t think little of holiday blues. There are some very simple and useful ways to help people to deal with holiday blues. Start new traditions to your family. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Take some time to volunteer. Take some time to take a bike ride, a relaxing walk, etc. Don’t eat too much food—overeating can make your body sick and uncomfortable. But if you have unshakable sadness, terribly hate eating, you may need to see a doctor. Let him check your degree of sadness or worries. Talking to someone may also help you feel better. But at other times you require medical treatment. Thus, you can shake the blues off and get back to the things about your life you do enjoy. 20．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 2? A．What holiday blues do people usually have? B．Why do people have holiday blues? C．How do people with holiday blues feel? D．Who may have holiday blues? 21．How does the writer show the terrible feelings caused by holiday blues? A．By giving some examples. B．By showing his experiences. C．By comparing different people. D．By listing proper reasons. 22．What can help deal with holiday blues in Paragraph 4 and 5? A．Pushing yourself to be perfect. B．Making efforts to make money. C．Talking with some people. D．Enjoying food as much as you can. 23．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 02. How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. As students, though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you. Reduce Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste to the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good. Reuse Reuse means “use again”. Use things as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. Recycle Recycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in the recycling programs. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees. Now let’s remember these three words—reduce, reuse and recycle, and protect the environment together! 24．Who is the text written for? A．Parents. B．Students. C．Workers. D．Scientists. 25．Before we buy something new, we should think if ______. A．it is unnecessary B．it is convenient C．it is necessary D．it is old 26．Which is NOT true according to the text? A．Throw the things at once if they are broken. B．We should use things as long as possible. C．Using less can save money and reduce waste. D．Recycling takes energy but it is helpful to the environment. 27．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤ 28．What’s the best title for the text? A．How do we usually produce waste? B．How can we protect the environment? C．What should we do before buying new things? D．Why should we remember the words “reduce, reuse and recycle”? 03. Chaii Stop is a cafe in Preston, England. It recently received much attention after its owner made a new rule. The rule says that customers will pay different prices for desi chai, a kind of drink, according to how polite they are at the time of placing their orders. If customers come in and just say “desi chai”, they will pay ₤3. Better still, if they say “Hello, desi chai, please”, the drink will only cost ₤1.90. Usman Hussain, the owner of the shop, came up with the idea. As for why he made the rule, he said, “I think it’s a nice way to remind people to use their manners”. Hussain made a sign to tell customers the rule. And he has yet to ask someone to pay ₤5 for the drink. “If one doesn’t use his manners, I’ll point to the sign, and he’ll quickly ask again more politely,” Said Hussain. “A lot of people can be quite rude in the mornings while they’re walking up. But the sign makes them think when they see it. And at the end of the day, you never know what someone is going through to make them act rudely. This sign may help them drop their guard (警惕),” Hussain added. 29．Where can you drink the kind of drink? A．In China. B．In America. C．In England. D．In Japan. 30．Chaii Stop caught people’s eye because of its new ________. A．rule B．drinks C．owner D．name 31．How much do customers need to pay if they say “desi chai, please”? A．₤1.9. B．₤4.9 . C．₤5. D．₤3. 32．What did Hussain do to tell customers to use their manners? A．He made a sign. B．He asked them to order twice. C．He let them think at the door first. D．He asked funny questions. 33．From the last paragraph, we know that Hussain is a _________ person. A．strict B．caring C．talented D．careless 04. Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect(完美的), they at least will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose(故意地)to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 34．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 35．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 36．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly does something bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 37．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 38．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendship B．Love Your Friends C．Three Types of Friends D．My Friends       01. Nowadays, the fashion of city walk is spreading among people around China. To them, city walk means “roaming around the city” on foot. They can follow a certain city road to explore old buildings, visit small shops or just enjoy the warm sunshine. It can be a well-organized trip for a small group of people, or simply a comfortable walk for one or two. People try to avoid famous places and crowded places. They want to get a more special experience of the places they visit. When walking along the road, you can focus on yourself, listen to your own voice in your heart and care for your feeling. It is a way to love yourself and is good for your mind health. Just like Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” Though city walk is still a new thing, Zhang Zhi, a tour guide from Beijing, believes it will be more and more popular. What’s more, he says that tourists now are paying more attention to personalized (个性化的) travel services. They really expect to have time to relax and explore the cities around them. City walk offers a good chance to city travelers, because they can choose the experiences according to their interests and needs. At the same time, city walk brings a chance for tour guides and travel service. 1．What does the underlined word “roaming” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Move. B．Jump. C．Run. D．Jog. 2．According to the passage, why do people enjoy city walks? A．To visit popular places. B．To follow their heart. C．To have local food. D．To make themselves special. 3．How does the tour guide Zhang Zhi feel about city walk? A．Cheap. B．Safe C．Popular. D．Easy. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about city walk? A．Its influence. B．Its disadvantage. C．Its future. D．Its change. 5．Where is this passage probably from? A．A report. B．A play. C．A story. D．A magazine. 02. Octopuses (章鱼) are famous for their round bodies, big eyes and eight arms. There are many different types of octopuses, but one thing about them is the same: They are good at disguising (伪装) themselves. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second! An octopus can do this in three ways. One is by using color. An octopus’s skin has special cells. These cells are filled with yellow, brown and red pigments (色素). When an octopus moves its muscles (肌肉) in a certain way, the cells become large. These cells produce colorful spots and other patterns on the octopus’s skin. The cells can also reflect light. Under blue light, for example, an octopus’s skin will look blue. An octopus can also change the texture of its skin. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth (光滑的) to spiky. It might then look like a plant or coral. Another way an octopus use is to change its shape. Some octopuses, for example, roll their bodies into balls so they look like rocks. One type of octopus can change its shape to look like other sea animals-especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes. Why are octopuses so good at changing their looks? They have to be. The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many other sea animals want to eat them. To hide from these animals, octopuses have developed this amazing ability. 6．How do octopuses change their looks? A．By moving their cells in a special way. B．By learning to act like other sea animals. C．By changing their colors, textures of skin and shapes. D．By changing their colors, textures of skin and muscles. 7．What does the underlined word “spiky” mean in English? A．awful B．pointed C．dirty D．colorful 8．According to paragraph 5, Why do octopuses change their looks? A．To find a safe place m the ocean. B．To cheat and hunt other sea animals. C．To protect themselves from other sea animals. D．To get large pieces of meat from other sea animals. 9．Which statement is true according to this passage? A．Octopuses can only try to look like plants. B．It is impossible for octopuses to roll their bodies. C．Octopuses can change their looks in a short time. D．Under pink light, an octopus’s skin may look blue. 10．What is the structure of this passage? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 03. Stand in front of a mirror and look at it. How much do you really know about the person in it? To help students know themselves, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge. Liu Yue, a middle school teacher, has recently taught her students a useful tool. “It’s called the Johari Window, developed by two US psychologists (心理学家),” said Liu. It has four areas about one’s self open area (thal everyone knows), hidden area (that only you know), blind area (that everyone knows except you) and unknown area (that nobody knows). Using this tool, the students knew themselves better. “I’m most curious about my blind area,” said Yang Manqi, “so I did a survey.” The results showed Yang easily got nervous because of procrastination (拖延症). “That’s terrible habit I’ve never realized!” Yang said. “The unknown area is the most amazing, said Sun Boyin. “Everyone has great potential.” “At first, I did poorly in math. But I did lots of math exercises. Now I’m better at math. The unknown part of my math abtlity is getting clearer!” Sun added. When it came to the hidden area, Li Yixuan said, “I’m scared to show my secrets.” Then my deskmate said his favorite cartoon is Snoopy. I thought: Am I brave enough to show my childish side? Perhaps not, I want my classmates to see me as a thoughtful person, not a silly kid. But then I realized I didn’t find my deskmate silly. And what I thought was that he was brave to be himself.” “Show yourself and make yourself better—that’s the best lesson I have learned.” Li told the researchers. 11．Why did Liu Yue teach her students the Johari Window? A．To help them know about themselves. B．To let them keep quiet and study hard. C．To make them stand in front of a mirror. D．To teach them how to do math exercises. 12．According to the Johari Window, the area that everyone knows except you is ______. A．open area B．hidden area C．blind area D． unknown area 13．What does the underlined word “potential” in Paragraph 4 mean? A． Interest B．Invention C．Knowledge D．Possibility 14．What did Li Yixuan expcet others to think of him? A．Childish B．Brave C．Quiet D．Thoughtful. 15．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Set a Goal and Make It B．Find Your Bad Habits and Break Them C．Take up a Hobby and Keep It on D．Know Yourself and Be a Better You 04. ① A new study shows that roosters can identify (辨认) themselves in a mirror. The surprising result raises questions not just about how smart roosters are, but about how scientists test animal intelligence. ② Scientists use Mark Test to test whether an animal can identify itself. First of all, a mark is put on an animal, usually in a place that can only be seen with a mirror. Then the animal is placed before a mirror. If it seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has identified itself. ③ The Mark Test is often seen as a good way to learn how smart an animals is. ________ Scientists at a university in Germany recently ran the Mark Test on roosters. They put a pink mark on the chest of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark. ④ So the scientists tried a new test by using the shadow (阴影) of hawk (鹰) to see whether or not the rooster thought it was alone. Roosters may make loud calls to warn nearby chickens when a hawk flies above. If they’re alone, they remain quiet. ⑤ First, the scientists helped the roosters get used to being in a closed—in space and having a mirror around. After some time, they took the mirror out and ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above the bird and watching how it reacted. ⑥ When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. They called out when they were near another rooster, but remained quiet after the other rooster was taken out by the scientists. ⑦ Then, the mirror was put back. When a rooster could see itself in the mirror, it remained silent even with the hawk shadow above it. Later, the scientists put the other rooster behind the mirror. It still didn’t make any sound. ⑧ The results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. That shows that the Mark Test may not be a good test of whether an animal can identify itself. ⑨ The scientists hope their results will encourage other scientists to look for better ways of testing how smart animals are. It may turn out that some kinds of animals are more intelligent than people though. 16．What is the first step for the scientists to do the Mark Test? A．Paying attention to a mark, B．Putting a mark on animal. C．Feeding an animal some food. D．Placing an animal before a mirror. 17．Which of the following can be put in ________ in paragraph 3? A．As a result, they need a better way. B．However, some scientists did another test on roosters. C．Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test. D．But some scientists believe it doesn’t work well for all animals. 18．According to paragraphs ⑤-⑦, which of the following shows the correct order of the second test? A．b-a-e-c-d B．b-e-a-c-d C．a-b-d-e-c D．a-e-b-d-c 19．Which part of the magazine is the passage most probably from? A．Animal World B．Quiz Time C．Science Discovery D．Book Review 05. A recent study in a British medical magazine shows that many kinds of foods we enjoy, such as chips, cookies, and ice cream, are all ultra-processed (超加工的). What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)? In short, we can’t re-create them in our kitchen. They are usually made in factories. They have long lists of additives (添加剂)—some we may never have heard of. The study shows that people may strongly crave such food. We usually can’t stop eating it, or we may feel sad. But why do UPFs make us want to keep eating them all the time? Usually, natural foods are either high in sugar or high in fat. UPFs, however, are usually high in both. It makes us feel happier and want to eat more. It is said that 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children crazily love UPFs. However, they cause problems to people’s health around the world. Eating too many UPFs will lead to poor diet and increase the risks of serious illness. For example, UPFs lovers are more likely to get heart disease and certain cancers. Governments are taking action right now. Some governments put taxes (税) on sugary drinks to make them more expensive, so fewer people will buy them. This idea can be used on the UPFs as well. Besides, in order to let people know the dangers of UPFs, these kinds companies are required to print out the additives on their products. Finally, governments are asking companies to use less unhealthy additives in UPFs so that the food can be made healthier. 20．Which of the following is ultra-processed food? A． B． C． D． 21．What does “crave” probably mean in the paragraph 2? A．be bored of B．be afraid of C．be crazy about D．be hopeful about 22．Which of the following can best describe the percentage of UPFs lovers? A． B．C． D． 23．What action can governments take to make fewer people buy UPFs? A．Making them more affordable for people. B．Adding more additives to make them taste better. C．Putting taxes on them to make them more expensive. D．Requiring companies to print out additives to make them healthier. 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．The problems of UPFs B．The popularity of UPFs C．The companies of UPFs D．The introduction of UPFs 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解说明文    真题呈现   【真题呈现】【2024年广东省中考】 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 56．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 57．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A．B．C． D． 58．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 59．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 60．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】56．D 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。 56．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。 57．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。 58．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。 59．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。 60．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。   【真题呈现】【2024年广东深圳市中考】 After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world's oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat—has disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal's life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 16．How does the writer start the text? A．By giving a fact. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By using a saying. 17．What does the underlined word “demand” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 18．From Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna plays an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 19．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 20．What does the last paragraph of the article explain ________. A．We need to care about wildlife B．We need to eat wild animals C．We need to reflect on our own values and beliefs D．We don’t want to protect wild animals 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文作者通过科学家10年对金枪鱼的研究数据，向读者说明由于人们对鱼类需求的增加，造成了海洋生态系统的破坏，呼吁人们保护海洋中的野生动物。 16．推理判断题。根据“After a 10-year project to count tuna and other large fish in the world’s oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery...”可知，作者根据科学家研究发现事实引入本文内容。故选A。 17．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子后面内容“Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat.”可知，很多人从鱼肉中获取蛋白质，医生也称赞海洋食物低脂肪，推测出因此造成了对鱼类需求的增加。因此，demand意为“需求”，与need同义。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain (链) breaks down.”可知，金枪鱼在生态系统中起着重要作用。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据“If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear.”和“If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs”可知，作者通过本文想要呼吁人们保护海洋中的野生动物。故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据“ ‘If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,’ says Morgan. ‘Then decide what you’re going to eat.’ ”可知，作者在最后一段表明了我们需要反思我们自己的价值观和信仰，故选C。   【真题呈现】【2024年广东广州市中考】 Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 37. What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A. Break down useless things. B. Collect used things. C. Create things out of old ones. D. Come up with good ideas. 38. How is upcycling different from recycling? A. It’s a completely new idea. B. It needs more energy. C. It requires more time and work. D. It’s a greener way of life. 39. Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A. To list the steps of doing upcycling. B. To give a good example of upcycling. C. To express a different idea of upcycling. D. To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To encourage people to do upcycling. B. To introduce the history of upcycling. C. To compare upcycling with recycling. D. To explain the importance of recycling 【答案】37. C 38. D 39. B 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了升级回收 （upcycling）的概念、与普通回收（recycling）的区别、其环保优势以及通过 Grace 的故事展示了 “升级回收 ” 的实际应用，旨在鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”。 【37题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“ For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt”可知，refashion的意思是“用旧的东西创造新的东西”，故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that upcycling is green.  It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling”可知，“升级回收”是一种更环保的生活方式，故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and tums them into dresses, shoes and even hats”可知，作者通过Grace的故事来举一个“升级回收 ”的好例子，故选B。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Get started today!”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”，故选A。 考点精讲 【题型概述】 中考英语阅读理解说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式： 总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。 递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。 并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。 对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。 【命题解读】 一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。 从命题形式看：常见的说明文的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义推断题、推理判断题、主旨概括题、观点态度题以及写作意图等题型。 【应试技巧】 阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。 技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。 技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。 技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。 技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。 技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。 技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。 课堂典例 一、推理判断题 【示例】 “Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.” ..................... Picture this. You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel? 9．In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions ________. A．have speeded up our lives B．have improved the quality of our lives C．may make people feel very happy D．may bring people some trouble 11．According to the passage, which is NOT right? A．People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier. B．An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better. C．The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house. D．With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired. 【答案】9．D 11．B 【分析】短文中作者主要想告诉我们随着现代科学技术的发展，我们的生活中有了很多新的发明，但是这些新发明让人们感到压力和疲惫。作者开头引用了一个不知名的罗马人所说的话，点明了短文的中心，即科学技术的发展给人们带来的问题。 9．推理判断题。根据“Picture this…Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel?”可知，这一段中作者给我们描述了一个画面，画面中的我们在一系列的现代发明面前，生活没有变得更加舒适，反而是一塌糊涂。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据短文的开头“Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.”可知，一位不知名的罗马人确信生活质量会变得更好的表述是错误的，故选B。 【示例】 Proms are a big part of high school for students in the UK. A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school, such as the end of secondary school or completing school exams. A secondary school prom often includes a big party and beautiful clothing. 49．The purpose of this passage is mainly to ________ . A．invite the readers to attend proms B．introduce the prom parties in the UK C．give schools some advice on prom D．show different proms around the world 【答案】 49．B 【解析】本文主要从四方面介绍了英国高中生的一项重要活动——毕业舞会。 49．推理判断题。根据“Proms are a big part of high school for students in the UK”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国的毕业舞会。故选B。 二、词义猜测题 【示例】 Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? New communication technology seems to keep away from each other. With e-mail over the Internet, we can communicate without seeing or talking to one another. 31．The underlined word “disconnected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．lonely B．satisfied C．stupid D．interested 【答案】A 31．词义猜测题。根据下文“New communication technology seems to keep away from each other.”新的通讯技术似乎使人们彼此疏远，联系段尾“The technology that was made to help keep us in contact with each other is, in fact, making me feel more lonely.”帮助我们保持联系的技术实际上让我感到更加孤独，可知划线词语“disconnected”与lonely意思相近，故选A。 【示例】 Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone accept my photo? I hope a lot of people like it!” It seems like your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people. 44．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 4? A．People often treat mobiles as real people. B．People regard mobiles as their secret friends. C．People often make phone calls when they get together. D．People pay more attention to mobiles than to real people. 【答案】．D 44．词句猜测题。分析“It seems like your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.”可知，我们沉迷于手机，甚至跟真人在一起时，手机也好像在偷偷叫我们的名字，选项D“人们对手机的关注多于对真人的关注”与之相符，故选D。 四、主旨大意题 【示例】 Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software（软件）which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways. Although the program isn’t the most convenient one you’ve ever used, it can help improve your Chinese vocabulary. The program’s interface（界面）isn’t very attractive so many people don’t like it when they first see it. Also, it can sometimes be hard to operate（操作）. Each function（功能）holds a window, but if you close the window, it will take you back to the main menu or close the program. But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it. Users can read a word or phrase（词组）in English and then click（点击）on the matching word in Chinese, hear the Chinese word spoken and choose the matching English word, or see the English word written and then type（打字）the Chinese word. The program allows users to practice not only their vocabulary, but also their reading, listening and spelling skills. ................ 62．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．How to learn English. B．What Word Banker English-Chinese is C．How to learn Chinese. D．What we can get from the program 63．The purpose of the article is to ________. 【答案】 62．D 63．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款有关英汉词典的软件。 62．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it.”可知，本段主要讲了我们能从这个软件中得到什么。故选D。 63．主旨大意题。根据文中“Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software（软件）which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一款软件。故选A。 五、篇章结构题 【示例】 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names...... The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. .................. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. .......... We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 53．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。 53．篇章结构题。根据文章①第一段“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends.”首先引出主题：不同的三种朋友；②第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述；③最后一段进行总结可知，本文属于总分总结构。故选B。 【示例】 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. ............. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, ................... There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 57．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(①=para 1 ②=para 2,....) A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【解析】本文介绍了从古至今计时方法的不断演变和进步。 57．篇章结构题。第一段引出时钟演变这一话题，第二三段具体描述了不同时期出现的时钟及优缺点，第四段是对时钟演变历史进行了评价。因此可知本文结构是总—分—总的结构。故选A。       01. Easter is a festival to celebrate the rebirth after the cold winter. We can see lots of symbols of new life on Easter, like eggs or chicks and rabbits. Unlike Christmas, Easter isn’t on the same date each year. It is on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox (春分). People in the UK have a holiday which is almost as long as the Christmas holiday. It’s a public holiday. Everyone looks forward to their Easter break because it’s a moment to relax, have a short holiday or visit family and friends. For most England children, Easter means chocolate eggs. Almost every shop sells a lot of chocolate eggs. Ninety million chocolate eggs are sold in the UK each year, and each child gets about eight chocolate eggs that day. Most doctors advise people to eat Easter eggs reasonably. On Easter Day, people paint on eggs to give others as presents. And they always hide eggs for children to find. Some places even hold competitions to see who can roll an egg down a hill without breaking it! 1．Easter is a festival in ______. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．Which of the following is NOT the symbols of new life on Easter? A．Eggs B．Chicks C．Rabbits D．Dogs 3．The underlined word “rebirth” means ______. A．improvement B．growth C．new life D．birthday 4．How many chocolate eggs are sold in the UK each year? A．90000000 B．900000 C．90000 D．9000000 5．Which of the following is TRUE about Easter? A．It’s always on the same date every year. B．It’s a moment to visit family and friends. C．Most doctors advise people to eat more Easter eggs. D．You can see egg-rolling competitions everywhere. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了复活节的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox (春分).”可知复活节是春天的节日，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“We can see lots of symbols of new life on Easter, like eggs or chicks and rabbits.”可知鸡蛋、小鸡和兔子都是新生命的代表，狗不是的。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Easter is a festival to celebrate the rebirth after the cold winter.”及“We can see lots of symbols of new life on Easter, like eggs or chicks and rabbits.”可知复活节庆祝了新生命，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Ninety million chocolate eggs are sold in the UK each year”可知每年9000万个巧克力鸡蛋被卖，故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Everyone looks forward to their Easter break because it’s a moment to relax, have a short holiday or visit family and friends.”可知复活节是一个拜访亲朋好友的时刻，故选B。 02. Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sadness, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day, we learn to deal with all kinds of problems. ________ Love makes you feel wanted. Without love, a person could become cruel. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with love and care. They teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we don’t always care about it. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands others’ feelings. Happiness can bring people a peaceful mind. No mind is happy without peace. Things like failure and illness may bring sadness, but sadness will pass away. Failure is the way to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings money, fame and self-respect. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hours, because after every night there is a day. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is out of our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dark. So the only choice is to work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow. 6．Which of the following sentences can be put in ________ A．Love plays a main role in our life. B．Success only brings people money and fame. C．Love teaches us what is right and wrong. D．With love a person could become warm. 7．According to the passage, which one is right? A．Happiness can’t make people peaceful. B．Parents are the ones who give us love. C．Without hope, people can still keep their life going. D．People will feel sad when they fail, but the sadness will pass away one day. 8．What’s the purpose(目的) of the passage? A．To ask people to love each other. B．To tell people how to face sadness and happiness. C．To give readers some information about life. D．To tell people what is a beautiful dream. 9．If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best? （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph 4 ⑤=Paragraph 5 ⑥=Paragraph 6) A．①②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．C 9．D 【分析】文章主要讲述了生活就像一个包裹，里面有幸福和悲伤，有失败和成功，有希望和绝望，我们应该如何正确看待人生，如何对待今天和明天，作者提出了一些建议。 6．推理判断题。根据“Love makes you feel wanted. Without love, a person could become cruel.”可知，本段主要说的是爱在生活中的重要性，故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据“Things like failure and illness may bring sadness, but sadness will pass away.”可知，失败可能会带来悲伤，但悲伤总有一天会过去的。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。根据“Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sadness, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是告诉读者们一些人生哲理，告诉人们有关生活的信息，故选C。 9．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章第一段总体告诉我们生活就像一个包裹。这个包裹里有快乐与悲伤、成功与失败，希望与绝望；第二、三、四、五段分别从爱、幸福、失败以及希望等方面阐述人生这个“包裹”；第六段再次总结要珍惜当下，更好地迎接明天，所以D选项的结构划分是正确的，故选D。 03. Right now, you probably spend most of your time at school. Do you wonder what you are going to do after high school? Will you continue schooling? Will you learn a trade? What kind of job would be right for you? The following steps will help you make a plan for careers (职业). Firstly, develop your interests and skills. You may like to listen to music, dance, or work with computers.You may know how to drive a car. Understanding what you enjoy and what you’re good at is the most important step. Secondly, discover possible careers. Once you’ve thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might consider a career as a P. E.teacher or a soccer coach. If you like English, a career as an English teacher,a translator or a travelling guide might be a good choice. Thirdly, do some research. After discovering possible jobs, you’ll want to learn more about them. Talking directly to workers on the phone, by e-mail, or through online discussion can help you get information about what they do. Even meeting with them in person is helpful. First-hand information is necessary for you to find out if you’ll really like the career. We can’t make sure that career planning can help solve all the problems that you will meet in the future. But it does make it easier to achieve your future goals. 10．How does the writer lead in the topic in paragraph 1? A．By giving explanation. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By giving facts. 11．To make a plan for your career, you can start by ______ A．discovering possible careers B．developing interests and skills C．doing some useful research D．discussing with someone online 12．How many suggestions does the writer give? A．one B．two C．three D．four 13．The passage is probably written to ______ A．students B．workers C．parents D．teachers 14．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Meaning of Career Planning B．The Value of Doing Research C．The Importance of Interests and Skills D．The Ways of Preparing for Careers 【答案】10．C 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何制定职业规划。 10．细节理解题。根据“Do you wonder what you are going to do after high school?” 可知，作者使用了提问的方式引出主题，故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, develop your interests and skills.....Understanding what you enjoy and what you’re good at is the most important step.”可知，职业规划可以从发展兴趣和技能开始，故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, develop your interests and skills...Secondly, discover possible careers...Thirdly, do some research.”可知，文章提供了三条建议：发展兴趣和技能、发现可能的职业以及进行研究，所以有三条建议，故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据“Right now, you probably spend most of your time at school.”可知，文章是写给学生的，故选A。 14．标题归纳题。根据“The following steps will help you make a plan for careers (职业).”可知，文章主要介绍了如何为未来职业做准备的几个方法，因此，题目 “The Ways of Preparing for Careers” 作为文章标题最合适，故选D。 04. A group of scientists set out to estimate (估计) the number of ants on Earth. According to their research, there are about 2.5 million ants for every human on the planet. Then the scientists held 489 studies of ant populations. The studies covered all kinds of habitats including cities, deserts and forests. The researchers find that most ants live in tropical (热带的) areas and that they are more commonly found in forests and dry areas than in human-made habitats. In addition, the scientists find that the population of ants is more than the number of all the world’s wild birds and animals together. The researchers say this number is a low estimate. This is because they did not have much information on how many ants live underground. Besides, there were not many trusted studies about how many ants live in certain parts of the world, like Africa. Ants play very important roles in the environment. They help to spread seeds, help water reach plant roots, and are a kind of food for many living things. Patrick, who did this new estimate, said “I am sure the whole nature would simply break down without ants.” For checking their populations, it is useful to estimate how many ants there are. Then the scientists can see if they are becoming less because of harmful changes in the environment. Worldwide, the number of insects, a group that includes ants, is becoming less. However, it is not clear if the number of ants is becoming less as well. 15．What does the under lined word “habitats” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Natural homes of ants. B．Living areas of people. C．Good conditions for ants. D．Working places for people. 16．What causes the number of ants to be a low estimate? A．There aren’t many ants in forests. B．There are too many ants in Africa. C．The studies aren’t sure about ants underground. D．The studies are mainly held in the cities. 17．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Fewer living things see ants as food. B．Ants are of great importance to nature. C．Most ants live in human-made habitats. D．The whole nature will break down with ants. 18．Why do the scientists estimate the number of ants? A．To see if ants are becoming less. B．To check the number of wild birds. C．To research the population of humans. D．To study if animals’ conditions are better. 19．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Finding the Change of Ants B．Studying the Life of Ants C．Rebuilding the Home of Ants D．Researching the Number of Ants 【答案】15．A 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一组科学家对地球上蚂蚁数量的评估研究。 15．词义猜测题。根据“The studies covered all kinds of habitats including cities, deserts and forests.”可知，括城市、沙漠和森林都是蚂蚁的栖息地，故此处划线部分意为 “蚂蚁的自然家园”。故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据“The researchers say this number is a low estimate. This is because they did not have much information on how many ants live underground”可知，这个数字是一个较低的估计，这是因为他们没有太多关于地下生活着多少蚂蚁的信息。故选C。 17．主旨大意题。根据“Ants play very important roles in the environment”可知，本段主要介绍了蚂蚁对自然界的重要性。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“For checking their populations, it is useful to estimate how many ants there are. Then the scientists can see if they are becoming less because of harmful changes in the environment.”可知，为了检查它们的数量，估计有多少蚂蚁是有用的，然后，科学家们可以看到它们是否因为环境的有害变化而减少。故选A。 19．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一组科学家对地球上蚂蚁数量的估计研究，以选项D “研究蚂蚁的数量”为标题最合适。故选D。       01. The holiday is the season to be joyful. However, many people feel sad or worried during or after holidays. When such feeling is connected only with holidays and doesn’t happen at other times of the year, it’s often called holiday blues (忧郁). ▲ This can be a result of money problems, extra activities and stress around holidays. People can also have holiday blues for terrible relationships with family and being alone during the holidays. Much increased traffic around holidays can cause holiday blues, too. Holiday blues can have you feeling like hiding instead of celebrating. They can also lead to thinking patterns that aren’t helpful. For example, if you angrily shout at your kids, then you may think you’re the worst mom. If you can’t make cookies this year, you will think you’re just not as nice as you used to be. If you make efforts to make money, you may feel you’ll never be rich. So we shouldn’t think little of holiday blues. There are some very simple and useful ways to help people to deal with holiday blues. Start new traditions to your family. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Take some time to volunteer. Take some time to take a bike ride, a relaxing walk, etc. Don’t eat too much food—overeating can make your body sick and uncomfortable. But if you have unshakable sadness, terribly hate eating, you may need to see a doctor. Let him check your degree of sadness or worries. Talking to someone may also help you feel better. But at other times you require medical treatment. Thus, you can shake the blues off and get back to the things about your life you do enjoy. 20．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 2? A．What holiday blues do people usually have? B．Why do people have holiday blues? C．How do people with holiday blues feel? D．Who may have holiday blues? 21．How does the writer show the terrible feelings caused by holiday blues? A．By giving some examples. B．By showing his experiences. C．By comparing different people. D．By listing proper reasons. 22．What can help deal with holiday blues in Paragraph 4 and 5? A．Pushing yourself to be perfect. B．Making efforts to make money. C．Talking with some people. D．Enjoying food as much as you can. 23．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了许多人在假期期间或之后感到悲伤或担忧，并介绍了一些非常简单和有用的方法可以帮助人们应对假期忧郁。 20．推理判断题。根据“This can be a result of money problems, extra activities and stress around holidays”可知这可能是由于金钱问题、额外活动和假期压力造成的，选项B“人们为什么有假期忧郁症”符合语境。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据“For example, if you angrily shout at your kids, then you may think you’re the worst mom...”可知作者通过一些例子来展示假期忧郁症带来的可怕感受。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据“Talking to someone may also help you feel better.”可知与他人交谈也可能让你感觉更好。故选C。 23．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二段介绍了造成假期忧郁症的原因；第三段介绍了假期忧郁症造成的影响，第二段和第三段是并列关系；第四和第五段介绍了如何应对假期忧郁症。故选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 02. How green are you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. As students, though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you. Reduce Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste to the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good. Reuse Reuse means “use again”. Use things as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. Recycle Recycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take part in the recycling programs. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees. Now let’s remember these three words—reduce, reuse and recycle, and protect the environment together! 24．Who is the text written for? A．Parents. B．Students. C．Workers. D．Scientists. 25．Before we buy something new, we should think if ______. A．it is unnecessary B．it is convenient C．it is necessary D．it is old 26．Which is NOT true according to the text? A．Throw the things at once if they are broken. B．We should use things as long as possible. C．Using less can save money and reduce waste. D．Recycling takes energy but it is helpful to the environment. 27．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③④⑤ B．①②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤ 28．What’s the best title for the text? A．How do we usually produce waste? B．How can we protect the environment? C．What should we do before buying new things? D．Why should we remember the words “reduce, reuse and recycle”? 【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 【导语】本文介绍了三种保护环境的方法。 24．推理判断题。根据“As students, though we are young, we can still do something to help.”可知此处提到学生，应该写给学生的，故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据“Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good.”可知买东西前要想下它是否有必要，故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones.”可知东西坏了要修，不是立刻扔掉，A选项错误，故选A。 27．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出保护环境的主题，中间部分讲述3种保护环境的方式，最后一段号召读者一起保护环境，故结构是总分总。故选D。 28．最佳标题题。根据“In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you.”及下文可知文章主要介绍了三种保护环境的方法，故选B。 03. Chaii Stop is a cafe in Preston, England. It recently received much attention after its owner made a new rule. The rule says that customers will pay different prices for desi chai, a kind of drink, according to how polite they are at the time of placing their orders. If customers come in and just say “desi chai”, they will pay ₤3. Better still, if they say “Hello, desi chai, please”, the drink will only cost ₤1.90. Usman Hussain, the owner of the shop, came up with the idea. As for why he made the rule, he said, “I think it’s a nice way to remind people to use their manners”. Hussain made a sign to tell customers the rule. And he has yet to ask someone to pay ₤5 for the drink. “If one doesn’t use his manners, I’ll point to the sign, and he’ll quickly ask again more politely,” Said Hussain. “A lot of people can be quite rude in the mornings while they’re walking up. But the sign makes them think when they see it. And at the end of the day, you never know what someone is going through to make them act rudely. This sign may help them drop their guard (警惕),” Hussain added. 29．Where can you drink the kind of drink? A．In China. B．In America. C．In England. D．In Japan. 30．Chaii Stop caught people’s eye because of its new ________. A．rule B．drinks C．owner D．name 31．How much do customers need to pay if they say “desi chai, please”? A．₤1.9. B．₤4.9 . C．₤5. D．₤3. 32．What did Hussain do to tell customers to use their manners? A．He made a sign. B．He asked them to order twice. C．He let them think at the door first. D．He asked funny questions. 33．From the last paragraph, we know that Hussain is a _________ person. A．strict B．caring C．talented D．careless 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 【导语】文章主要介绍英国的一家名叫Chaii Stop的咖啡馆，这家咖啡馆根据顾客点单时的礼貌程度决定了他们要付的钱，这一规定旨在鼓励顾客更加礼貌。 29．细节理解题。根据“Chaii Stop is a cafe in Preston, England”可知，Chaii Stop是一家英国的咖啡馆，因此我们在英国可以喝到这样的咖啡。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chaii Stop is a café in Preston, England. It recently received much attention after its owner made a new rule.”可知，Chaii Stop吸引人们的注意的原因是因为它的新规则。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If customers come in and just say ‘desi chai’, they will pay ₤3.”可知，如果顾客说“desi chai, please”，他们将支付3英镑。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hussain made a sign to tell customers the rule.”可知，Hussain做了一个指示牌来告诉顾客要有礼貌。故选A。 33． 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Hussain制定了一项新规则并做了一个指示牌来告诉顾客要有礼貌，但是他还没有让顾客付5英镑的费用，因为如果顾客没有礼貌，Hussain会指着指示牌，顾客就会更礼貌地重新下单，所以可推知，Hussain是一个体贴的人。故选B。 04. Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect(完美的), they at least will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose(故意地)to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 34．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends 35．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you 36．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are important than guest friends B．we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly does something bad to you D．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend 37．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 38．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendship B．Love Your Friends C．Three Types of Friends D．My Friends 【答案】34．B 35．C 36．B 37．B 38．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。 34．细节理解题。根据文中“You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，如果你和David 是邻居和同学，一起做事，但不分享你们的感受，你们就是“客人朋友”。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest.”和整段内容可知，本段主要谈论什么是“最好的朋友。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。通读第四段内容可知，当我们不和最好的朋友在一起的时候，我们会想念他们。故选B。 37．篇章结构题。根据文章①第一段“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends.”首先引出主题：不同的三种朋友；②第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述；③最后一段进行总结可知，本文属于总分总结构。故选B。 38．最佳标题。短文主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。故文章最佳标题应是：三种类型的朋友。故选C。       01. Nowadays, the fashion of city walk is spreading among people around China. To them, city walk means “roaming around the city” on foot. They can follow a certain city road to explore old buildings, visit small shops or just enjoy the warm sunshine. It can be a well-organized trip for a small group of people, or simply a comfortable walk for one or two. People try to avoid famous places and crowded places. They want to get a more special experience of the places they visit. When walking along the road, you can focus on yourself, listen to your own voice in your heart and care for your feeling. It is a way to love yourself and is good for your mind health. Just like Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” Though city walk is still a new thing, Zhang Zhi, a tour guide from Beijing, believes it will be more and more popular. What’s more, he says that tourists now are paying more attention to personalized (个性化的) travel services. They really expect to have time to relax and explore the cities around them. City walk offers a good chance to city travelers, because they can choose the experiences according to their interests and needs. At the same time, city walk brings a chance for tour guides and travel service. 1．What does the underlined word “roaming” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Move. B．Jump. C．Run. D．Jog. 2．According to the passage, why do people enjoy city walks? A．To visit popular places. B．To follow their heart. C．To have local food. D．To make themselves special. 3．How does the tour guide Zhang Zhi feel about city walk? A．Cheap. B．Safe C．Popular. D．Easy. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about city walk? A．Its influence. B．Its disadvantage. C．Its future. D．Its change. 5．Where is this passage probably from? A．A report. B．A play. C．A story. D．A magazine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了城市漫步的流行和意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“They can follow a certain city road to explore old buildings, visit small shops or just enjoy the warm sunshine.”可知，他们可以沿着某条城市道路探索古老的建筑，参观小商店或只是享受温暖的阳光。故划线单词意为“在城市中闲逛”，选项A“闲逛”与它的意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“When walking along the road, you can focus on yourself, listen to your own voice in your heart and care for your feeling. ”可知，人们之所以喜欢城市漫步，是因为专注于自己，倾听自己内心的声音，关心自己的感受。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Zhang Zhi, a tour guide from Beijing, believes it will be more and more popular.”可知，导游张志认为城市漫步将会越来越流行，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“City walk offers a good chance to city travelers, because they can choose the experiences according to their interests and needs. At the same time, city walk brings a chance for tour guides and travel service.”可知，本段主要探讨城市漫步的未来发展及其机会，故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市漫步的流行和意义，符合杂志文章的特点，故选D。 02. Octopuses (章鱼) are famous for their round bodies, big eyes and eight arms. There are many different types of octopuses, but one thing about them is the same: They are good at disguising (伪装) themselves. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second! An octopus can do this in three ways. One is by using color. An octopus’s skin has special cells. These cells are filled with yellow, brown and red pigments (色素). When an octopus moves its muscles (肌肉) in a certain way, the cells become large. These cells produce colorful spots and other patterns on the octopus’s skin. The cells can also reflect light. Under blue light, for example, an octopus’s skin will look blue. An octopus can also change the texture of its skin. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth (光滑的) to spiky. It might then look like a plant or coral. Another way an octopus use is to change its shape. Some octopuses, for example, roll their bodies into balls so they look like rocks. One type of octopus can change its shape to look like other sea animals-especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes. Why are octopuses so good at changing their looks? They have to be. The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many other sea animals want to eat them. To hide from these animals, octopuses have developed this amazing ability. 6．How do octopuses change their looks? A．By moving their cells in a special way. B．By learning to act like other sea animals. C．By changing their colors, textures of skin and shapes. D．By changing their colors, textures of skin and muscles. 7．What does the underlined word “spiky” mean in English? A．awful B．pointed C．dirty D．colorful 8．According to paragraph 5, Why do octopuses change their looks? A．To find a safe place m the ocean. B．To cheat and hunt other sea animals. C．To protect themselves from other sea animals. D．To get large pieces of meat from other sea animals. 9．Which statement is true according to this passage? A．Octopuses can only try to look like plants. B．It is impossible for octopuses to roll their bodies. C．Octopuses can change their looks in a short time. D．Under pink light, an octopus’s skin may look blue. 10．What is the structure of this passage? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了章鱼擅长伪装自己的特点，以及它们伪装的具体方式和原因， 6．细节理解题。根据“An octopus can do this in three ways. One is by using color.”，可知章鱼可通过改变颜色来改变外貌；“An octopus can also change the texture of its skin.”，可知章鱼能改变皮肤的质地；“Another way an octopus use is to change its shape.”，可知章鱼还能改变形状。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。awful 糟糕的；pointed 有尖头的；尖的；dirty 脏的；colorful 多彩的。根据“An octopus can also change the texture of its skin. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth to spiky.”，可知章鱼能让皮肤从光滑变成 “spiky”，结合前文提到可伪装成植物或珊瑚等，可推测“spiky”表示“尖刺状的、不光滑”。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Many other sea animals want to eat them. To hide from these animals, octopuses have developed this amazing ability.”，可知章鱼改变外貌是为了躲避其他海洋动物的捕食，保护自己。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据“Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second!”，可知章鱼能在不到一秒的时间内改变它们的外貌。故选C。 10．篇章结构题。根据文章第一段先总体介绍章鱼以其圆身体、大眼睛和八条手臂而闻名，且都擅长伪装自己这一特点；第二、三、四段分别从改变颜色、改变皮肤质地、改变形状这三个方面详细阐述章鱼伪装的具体方式；第五段则解释了章鱼擅长伪装的原因，即保护自己免受其他海洋动物侵害。可知文章结构是第一段总述，第二、三、四段分述伪装方式，第五段说明伪装原因，结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选B。 03. Stand in front of a mirror and look at it. How much do you really know about the person in it? To help students know themselves, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge. Liu Yue, a middle school teacher, has recently taught her students a useful tool. “It’s called the Johari Window, developed by two US psychologists (心理学家),” said Liu. It has four areas about one’s self open area (thal everyone knows), hidden area (that only you know), blind area (that everyone knows except you) and unknown area (that nobody knows). Using this tool, the students knew themselves better. “I’m most curious about my blind area,” said Yang Manqi, “so I did a survey.” The results showed Yang easily got nervous because of procrastination (拖延症). “That’s terrible habit I’ve never realized!” Yang said. “The unknown area is the most amazing, said Sun Boyin. “Everyone has great potential.” “At first, I did poorly in math. But I did lots of math exercises. Now I’m better at math. The unknown part of my math abtlity is getting clearer!” Sun added. When it came to the hidden area, Li Yixuan said, “I’m scared to show my secrets.” Then my deskmate said his favorite cartoon is Snoopy. I thought: Am I brave enough to show my childish side? Perhaps not, I want my classmates to see me as a thoughtful person, not a silly kid. But then I realized I didn’t find my deskmate silly. And what I thought was that he was brave to be himself.” “Show yourself and make yourself better—that’s the best lesson I have learned.” Li told the researchers. 11．Why did Liu Yue teach her students the Johari Window? A．To help them know about themselves. B．To let them keep quiet and study hard. C．To make them stand in front of a mirror. D．To teach them how to do math exercises. 12．According to the Johari Window, the area that everyone knows except you is ______. A．open area B．hidden area C．blind area D． unknown area 13．What does the underlined word “potential” in Paragraph 4 mean? A． Interest B．Invention C．Knowledge D．Possibility 14．What did Li Yixuan expcet others to think of him? A．Childish B．Brave C．Quiet D．Thoughtful. 15．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Set a Goal and Make It B．Find Your Bad Habits and Break Them C．Take up a Hobby and Keep It on D．Know Yourself and Be a Better You 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了为了帮助学生完成认识自我这项重要任务，中国各地的学校正在提供更多自我认识的课程和活动。 11．细节理解题。根据“To help students know themselves, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge. Liu Yue, a middle school teacher, has recently taught her students a useful tool.”可知，是为了帮助学生了解自己，故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“blind area (that everyone knows except you) and unknown area (that nobody knows). ”可知，盲点指大家都知道，只有自己不知道。故选C。 13．词义猜测题。根据“‘At first, I did poorly in math. But I did lots of math exercises. Now I’m better at math. The unknown part of my math abtlity is getting clearer!’ Sun added.”可推知，此处是表示每个人都有很大的潜力和可能性，因此划线单词的意思是“可能性”。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“Perhaps not, I want my classmates to see me as a thoughtful person, not a silly kid.”可知，他希望别人觉得他是有思想的。故选D。 15．最佳标题。根据全文可知，文章讲述了为了帮助学生完成认识自我这项重要任务，中国各地的学校正在提供更多自我认识的课程和活动。因此D选项“了解自己，做更好的自己”。故选D。 04. ① A new study shows that roosters can identify (辨认) themselves in a mirror. The surprising result raises questions not just about how smart roosters are, but about how scientists test animal intelligence. ② Scientists use Mark Test to test whether an animal can identify itself. First of all, a mark is put on an animal, usually in a place that can only be seen with a mirror. Then the animal is placed before a mirror. If it seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has identified itself. ③ The Mark Test is often seen as a good way to learn how smart an animals is. ________ Scientists at a university in Germany recently ran the Mark Test on roosters. They put a pink mark on the chest of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark. ④ So the scientists tried a new test by using the shadow (阴影) of hawk (鹰) to see whether or not the rooster thought it was alone. Roosters may make loud calls to warn nearby chickens when a hawk flies above. If they’re alone, they remain quiet. ⑤ First, the scientists helped the roosters get used to being in a closed—in space and having a mirror around. After some time, they took the mirror out and ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above the bird and watching how it reacted. ⑥ When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. They called out when they were near another rooster, but remained quiet after the other rooster was taken out by the scientists. ⑦ Then, the mirror was put back. When a rooster could see itself in the mirror, it remained silent even with the hawk shadow above it. Later, the scientists put the other rooster behind the mirror. It still didn’t make any sound. ⑧ The results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. That shows that the Mark Test may not be a good test of whether an animal can identify itself. ⑨ The scientists hope their results will encourage other scientists to look for better ways of testing how smart animals are. It may turn out that some kinds of animals are more intelligent than people though. 16．What is the first step for the scientists to do the Mark Test? A．Paying attention to a mark, B．Putting a mark on animal. C．Feeding an animal some food. D．Placing an animal before a mirror. 17．Which of the following can be put in ________ in paragraph 3? A．As a result, they need a better way. B．However, some scientists did another test on roosters. C．Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test. D．But some scientists believe it doesn’t work well for all animals. 18．According to paragraphs ⑤-⑦, which of the following shows the correct order of the second test? A．b-a-e-c-d B．b-e-a-c-d C．a-b-d-e-c D．a-e-b-d-c 19．Which part of the magazine is the passage most probably from? A．Animal World B．Quiz Time C．Science Discovery D．Book Review 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于动物能否识别镜中自己的科学实验。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“First of all, a mark is put on an animal, usually in a place that can only be seen with a mirror.”可知，科学家在动物身上做一个标记是进行马克测试的第一步。故选B。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Mark Test is often seen as a good way to learn how smart an animals is.”以及“But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark.”可知，马克通常被看做测试动物是如何的聪明的一种方法，但拿公鸡为例的实验没奏效。故空处会表达“马克测试对所有动物并不适用”，故选D。 18．细节理解题。通读⑤-⑦段内容可知，先让公鸡适应镜子，然后是移走镜子做了几次测试后，让鹰的影子出现在鸟的上方观察它的反应，没镜子时，公鸡反应跟往常一样，当靠近另一只公鸡，它会发出叫声，另一只被带走后，它保持沉默，当公鸡从镜子看到自己时，即使头顶有鹰的影子，它也保持沉默，后来，另一只公鸡在镜子后面，它仍然没有发出任何声音。故正确顺序为b-e-a-c-d。故选B。 19．推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了一项关于动物能否识别镜中自己的科学实验。属于科学发现类的内容。故选C。 05. A recent study in a British medical magazine shows that many kinds of foods we enjoy, such as chips, cookies, and ice cream, are all ultra-processed (超加工的). What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)? In short, we can’t re-create them in our kitchen. They are usually made in factories. They have long lists of additives (添加剂)—some we may never have heard of. The study shows that people may strongly crave such food. We usually can’t stop eating it, or we may feel sad. But why do UPFs make us want to keep eating them all the time? Usually, natural foods are either high in sugar or high in fat. UPFs, however, are usually high in both. It makes us feel happier and want to eat more. It is said that 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children crazily love UPFs. However, they cause problems to people’s health around the world. Eating too many UPFs will lead to poor diet and increase the risks of serious illness. For example, UPFs lovers are more likely to get heart disease and certain cancers. Governments are taking action right now. Some governments put taxes (税) on sugary drinks to make them more expensive, so fewer people will buy them. This idea can be used on the UPFs as well. Besides, in order to let people know the dangers of UPFs, these kinds companies are required to print out the additives on their products. Finally, governments are asking companies to use less unhealthy additives in UPFs so that the food can be made healthier. 20．Which of the following is ultra-processed food? A． B． C． D． 21．What does “crave” probably mean in the paragraph 2? A．be bored of B．be afraid of C．be crazy about D．be hopeful about 22．Which of the following can best describe the percentage of UPFs lovers? A． B．C． D． 23．What action can governments take to make fewer people buy UPFs? A．Making them more affordable for people. B．Adding more additives to make them taste better. C．Putting taxes on them to make them more expensive. D．Requiring companies to print out additives to make them healthier. 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．The problems of UPFs B．The popularity of UPFs C．The companies of UPFs D．The introduction of UPFs 【答案】20．A 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了超加工食品（Ultra-processed Foods, UPFs）的定义、成瘾性、对健康的影响以及政府采取的应对措施，旨在提高人们对UPFs潜在危害的认识。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A recent study in a British medical magazine shows that many kinds of foods we enjoy, such as chips, cookies, and ice cream, are all ultra-processed”可知，薯片、饼干和冰淇淋等是人们喜欢的超加工食品。故选A。 21．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The study shows that people may strongly crave such food. We usually can’t stop eating it, or we may feel sad”可知，人们非常渴望这种食物，一旦停下来不吃就会感到难过，这说明人们对这种食物非常着迷，所以crave的意思是“对……着迷”。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is said that 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children crazily love UPFs”可知，14%的成年人和12%的儿童极度喜爱UPFs。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Governments are taking action right now. Some governments put taxes on sugary drinks to make them more expensive, so fewer people will buy them. This idea can be used on the UPFs as well.”可知，政府正在采取措施，其中之一是对含糖饮料征税，使它们变得更贵，从而减少购买。这个想法也可以应用于UPFs。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了UPFs的问题，包括它们的定义、成瘾性、对健康的影响以及政府如何采取措施来应对这些问题。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$