2025届高考英语一轮复习-句子成分课件

句子成分 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。 包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等。 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祈使句除外）----- 主语 谓语 （一）主语 句子所论述的主题 The apple is red. Nobody knows what has happened. Four and five makes nine. The sick and the old need our help. To become a nurse is my wish. Running is good for help. What he has bought makes her wife happy. The apple 名词 Nobody 代词 Four and five 数词 The sick and the old To become a nurse Running What he has bought 名词化的形容词 不定式 动名词 从句 （二）谓语 表示主语的动作或状态。 主要由动词担任。 谓语动词有人称、数、时态、语态等的变化。 He often reads newspapers. The plane takes off at 8 o’clock. 1. He can speak English very well. 2. The work will be done before 3 o’clock. 由动词或动词词组充当 简单谓语 复合谓语 由“情态动词/助动词+动词”构成 分类 情态动词 主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，主要包括：揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。 英语中常用： can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, dare, need, had better, have to 等。 助动词 本身没有意义，只是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能，如表示时态、语态，构成否定句、疑问句等，不能单独做谓语。 助动词主要有： Be, do, have, shall, will等 （三）表语 表语与其前面的连系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等。 连系动词分类： “感官”类 look, smell, taste, feel, sound “状态”类 be, keep, stay, remain “似乎”类 Seem, appear, look “变化”类 Become, get, grow, turn, go, come “结果”类 Prove, turn out （三）表语 Pollution from cars has become a major problem. Seventy-four? You don’t look it. He was the first to leave. Please feel free to say what you really think. Wasting time is killing yourself. My wish is to become an artist. Time is pressing. The fire was still on when we arrived. The machine is out of order. That is where your mistakes are. 名词 代词 数词 形容词 动名词 动词不定式 现在分词 副词（表状态或位置的副词） 介词短语 从句 Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词：有名词和动词的特征。做表语时，与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。(Killing yourself is wasting time.) Time is pressing. 现在分词：表示正在进行的、主动的动作。做表语时表示主语的某种性质或状态，此时的分词具有形容词的性质。 （四）宾语 表示动作、行为的对象，可用在及物动词和介词之后。 We support your plan. I wish to call on you. Where did you buy that? If you put 5 and 7 together, you’ll get 12. We should help the poor. I would advise waiting until tomorrow. Do you understand what I mean? Your plan To call on you that 名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 The poor 名词化的形容词 waiting 动名词 what I mean 从句（宾从） 宾语分类 单宾语 动词宾语（动宾） I can’t hear the TV. 介词宾语（介宾） I’m interested in computer studies. 双宾语 直接宾语 表示动作的承受者或结果 通常指 物 My aunt gave me a toy car. 间接宾语 表示动作是对谁做的 通常指 人 The policeman asked her several questions. 同源 宾语 少数不及物动词后可接 同源名词，我们称之为“同源宾语”。 Laugh a good laugh; Dream a terrible dream; 复合 宾语 “宾语+宾语补足语”构成 （五）宾语补足语 I found the book very interesting. He made himself known to them first. She asked me to lend her a hand. We must keep it a secret. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. 对宾语进行补充说明 形容词 分词短语 不定式短语 名词 介词短语 副词 （五）宾语补足语 He was last seen playing near the river. 主语补足语 He was considered to have stolen the money. 主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 （六）定语 It’s a fine day today. The buildings around were badly damaged. The books on the top shelf were just bought. Open your mouth and put out your tongue. She cut the cake into two pieces. This is a stone table. Put the child in the sleeping bag. Let’s try another way to do this. This is a moving film. Please bring me some boiled water. I know the boy who left just now. 修饰或限定名词或代词的成分。 形容词 副词 介词短语 代词 数词 名词 动名词 不定式短语 现在分词 过去分词 从句 （七）状语 Tom speaks English very fast. We work to live not live to work. Arriving there, call me up. The meeting is going to be held in Room 321 tomorrow morning. He returned home, safe and sound. We’ll go where the people need us. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。 副词 不定式 分词短语 介词短语 形容词 从句 （八）同位语 对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词（词组）在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。 同位语常常置于被说名的词之后。 We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American. They each can get a chance to travel by air. We two will go to see you. The news that he will come is true. 名词 代词 数词 从句 （九）独立成分 感叹词 感叹词多置于句首。常见：oh, hello, aha等。 Oh, no. I never thought it would be so worse. 称呼语 可置于句首、句中或句尾。 Hi, everyone! Allow me to introduce myself, please. 插入语 常见：I think, I believe, to tell you the truth等。 Nobody knows it, I think, nobody. 答语 表示肯定火否定的答语：yes, no等。 — Was he satisfied with what you said? — Yes, I’m sure. That’s all ! $$