专题03 动词、动词短语（讲义）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

专题03 动词、动词短语（讲义） 目录 01考情透视·目标导航 1 02思维导图·知识引航 2 03考点突破·考向探究 4 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 14 【真题研析】 14 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 15 【真题研析】 15 【核心精讲】 15 【命题预测】 19 01 考情透视･目标导航 动词、动词短语 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 熟练掌握①动词的基本词义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词 （2024·北京卷）5.A. advertised为……做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. polished润色；7.A. traded交易；B. posted张贴；C. questioned询问；D. claimed宣称；9. A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵；C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展； （2023·北京卷）25.A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊；26.A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。27． A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。29． A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。 32． A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式考查动词时态、语态。 以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等，理解词义重在理解语境。 动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 熟练掌握①动词短语的含义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语 （2024·北京卷）8.A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. roll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand out脱颖而出；D. go off爆炸（2023·北京卷）28.A. standing out突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记； 02 思维导图･知识导航 动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set（改为send）等） 动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词  （带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词   延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come） 2.系动词 ①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay 3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）： be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should) 动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，完形填空，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指： 1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4.意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 易混动词归纳对比 1.lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表： 2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3.hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4.see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。） 5.wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7.bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9.borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep. 10.win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11.steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12.fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13.take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。 14.shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。 15.answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。 16.reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17.cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work。 18.lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。 19.have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day. 20.begin与start：begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21.allow 与permit：allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22.find与found：find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23.speak, say, talk 与tell：英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son。 24.excuse me 与sorry：excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25.care for 与care to do：care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26.与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27.意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。 28.动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29.动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30.与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 常见的高频动词短语总结 1 break break away        摆脱；逃跑 break down       （机器）出故障；中断；分解 break into         闯入；打断；突然中断 break off          中断；折断；突然停止 break out          突然发生；爆发 break through      突破；克服；挣脱而出 break up          打碎；中断；分解 break in           破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴 2 bring bring about        引起；造成 bring down        使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 bring forward      提出；提前（=put forward） bring into operation实施；使生效 bring out          显示出来；出版；生产 bring up           提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back         把---送回；使想起；恢复 bring in           引进；挣得 3 call call for            需要；要求；邀请 call off            取消；停止 call on            拜访；看望；号召 call up            打电话；使人想起；召集 call at             访问 call in            请来；召集 call back          回电话；召回 4 come come about        发生 come across       偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along        进展；成功；一道走 come into effect    生效 come off          发生；举行；成功 come on          快点；走吧；有进展 come out          出来；结果是出版 come round/around再现；恢复知觉；改变看法 come through      经历；获得成功 come to           苏醒；达到；总数为 come up          发生；走上前去;(时间)快到 come up to        达到（高度、程度）；符合 come up against    碰到（困难） come up with      赶上；提出 come back         回来；反驳 come true         变为现实 5 cut cut across         绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住 cut back           削减；终止；急忙返回 cut down          削减；减少 cut in             插嘴；打断；突然出来 cut off            切断；中断；隔绝 cut out            删掉；戒掉 cut short          中断；打断；缩短 6 carry carry on          继续；坚持 carry out         执行；实施 carry through     帮助度过难关；完成；实现 7 die die away         渐弱 die down         熄灭；平静下来 die of            因----（病）死亡 die from         因----（外部原因）死亡 die out          灭绝；绝种 be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事 8 give give away        赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out          分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi） give off          发出；放出 give up          放弃；自首；将-----交给某人（to sb.）;对某人不报希望（on sb.） give in           屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交 9 go go along         进展；陪同前往 go by            时间过去；经过；遵守 go down         下降；下沉；下跌 go for           去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言） go in for         从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等） go into           研究；调查，从事 go off            离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生 go on            继续进行；发生；上场 go out           离开；熄灭；过时 go over          浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查 go through       通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查 go up            上升；增长；涨价 10 get get through      浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事 get in            收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话 get over         克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完 get on           继续；进行；上车 get round        传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about        四处走动；传开 get across        传达；使---让人理解 get along/on (with) 进展；相处 get down         记下；下来；下车；使---人忧愁 get down to(介词) 开始认真干 get back         恢复；回来；收回 get out          泄露；逃离 get tighter       聚会；收集 11 hold hold back        阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决 hold up          举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出 hold out         维持；坚持；伸出；拿出 hold off          拖延；延迟 12 keep keep away(from)  使远离 keep back       扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off         避开；不接近 keep on         继续 keep out        挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近 keep up         保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with     跟上 13 look look after        照顾；关心 look out         看；当心；查阅；观察 look back        回头看；回顾 look down on/upon轻视；看不起 look for          寻找；寻求；期望 look forward to   盼望；期待 look in          顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into        调查，深入了解 look on         观看； 旁观 look over        翻阅；浏览 look through     浏览；详细调查 look up         查阅；查出 14 make make for        向----前进，快速走向 make out       理解，领悟；辨认出，写出 make up        组成，占----比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for     弥补，补偿 make up of      由---组成；包含有 15 pick pick out        挑出；分辨出；区别出 pick up        拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带 16 put put across      解释清楚；使人接受 put aside       放在一边；储存；保留 put away       放好；收好 put down       写下；记下；镇压 put forward    提出；推荐；把---提前 put in         伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for      申请；正式要求 put off        延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍 put on         穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重） put out        熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版 put up        举起；修建；提供 put up with    忍受；容忍 put through   （把电话）接通；做完；向—传达，提出（to sb.）；使经受—的考验 17 send send away     送走；解雇 send for       派人去请 send out       发送；长出；发出（光、信号等） send up       上升；发射 18 set set about      开始做，着手 set apart      使分离；使显得突出 set aside       留出；拨出 set back       推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down      记下，写下 set off         动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause to explode） set out        动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式 set up         建立；创立；引起 19 take take after      与----相似 take apart     拆卸（机器） take away     拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等） take down     记下来；拆掉 take for      （错）当作；（误）认为 take in        吸收；接受；领会；欺骗 take off       起飞；匆匆离去；脱下 take on       呈现；采纳；承担，从事 take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做 take over      接收，接管，取代 take to        喜欢；养成---的习惯 take up       占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事 20 turn turn down    关小，调低，拒绝 turn off      关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦） turn out      关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养 turn over    （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑 turn to       求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到 turn up      开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 1. (2024·北京卷) I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then ___5___ my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. Soon, the cast list was ___7___. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role! ” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to ___8___. I was so happy. After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started ___9___, that gave me a boost of confidence. 5. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished 7. A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed 9. A. whispering B. arguing C. clapping D. stretching 2．(2023·北京卷) Being new to the school made me even 24 , so it was surprising I’d 25 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price — to write a five-page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night! After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat-postponing the pain. When I finally sat down to 26 , I began with the reasons Ms. Black would want to hear. Talking kept me and my neighbours from 27 . But when mum got home from work, I was still 29 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!” The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 32 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. 25．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat 26．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read 27．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing 29．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning 32．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 1. (2024·北京卷) I just stared at it and started to ___8___. I was so happy. A. well up B. roll in C. stand out D. go off 2. (2023·北京卷)When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 28 . A．standing out B．flying by C．breaking up D．checking in 1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀 （1）前缀en- able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage鼓励 （2）后缀-en 【高频再现】broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 （3）后缀-ify class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 （4）后缀-ize 【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。 2．常考的动词熟词生意 1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度 (2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜 (2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试 (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页 (2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers 5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能 (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶 (2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的 (2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做 (2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面 (2024新课标II卷七选五) You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep. 20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的 (2024新课标II卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit 24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. ②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? ③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引 (2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加 (2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾 (2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西 (2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的 (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯 (2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing 34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 3．常考的完形填空动词词汇 arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，了解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争； train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force强迫； transform转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧； show展示wait等待；offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change改变；load装载call打电话； join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意 1. （2024·北京大兴·三模）It was rush hour in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. White, 38, was driving home. He noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup on the opposite side of the two-lane street. It was hard to 1 , since it was turning sharply and careening into the curb (路缘) . As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the 2 : the driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy's going to crash into a house, White thought. While many people would have 3 driving, that's not how White because of his permanent instinct to help out. He had to stop that vehicle. White busted a U-turn and was now facing in the same direction as the pickup, but there were four cars 4 them. Trapped, White pulled his car over, jumped out and ran around to the driver's side. The window was down on this 5 autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window—his legs moving in step with the pickup—and with a mighty heave, leaped in. White was now inside the cab of the truck, waist deep, his legs dangling out the window. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just 6 enough to be shocked by the sight of a stranger sprawled across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. They were coming up to a busy intersection, he recalls, “so I was trying to stop anything before it happened.” He 7 the pickup into park, causing it to jolt to a stop. He 8 himself from the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was 9 facing dangerously low blood sugar. “I'm always trying to help, where I can, when I can, ” White says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new 10 . 1．A．miss B．recognize C．seek D．realize 2．A．direction B．problem C．street D．pickup 3．A．carried out B．given up C．kept on D．taken over 4．A．prohibiting B．overtaking C．separating D．following 5．A．burning B．cooling C．warm D．temperate 6．A．calm B．anxious C．desperate D．conscious 7．A．forced B．wheeled C．urged D．led 8．A．ejected B．landed C．released D．escaped 9．A．regularly B．specially C．constantly D．unexpectedly 10．A．cause B．challenge C．approach D．territory 2.（23-24高三上·北京·期中）Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been 1 when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was 2 . We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled. “I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s 3 , honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words 4 in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do? Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren 5 followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life. Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She 6 the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She 7 it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see? I scored! I made a 8 !” For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to 9 Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but 10 . 1．A．disappointed B．surprised C．depressed D．embarrassed 2．A．normal B．ordinary C．different D．typical 3．A．awful B．strange C．hard D．nice 4．A．sank B．poured C．came D．kicked 5．A．frequently B．carelessly C．attentively D．repeatedly 6．A．kept pace with B．gave way to C．put up with D．broke away from 7．A．threw B．missed C．cast D．caught 8．A．mistake B．record C．mess D．basket 9．A．excuse B．shelter C．discourage D．prohibit 10．A．consciously B．spiritually C．literally D．socially 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 动词、动词短语（讲义） 目录 01考情透视·目标导航 1 02思维导图·知识引航 2 03考点突破·考向探究 4 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 14 【真题研析】 14 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 16 【真题研析】 16 【核心精讲】 17 【命题预测】 21 01 考情透视･目标导航 动词、动词短语 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 熟练掌握①动词的基本词义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词 （2024·北京卷）5.A. advertised为……做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. polished润色；7.A. traded交易；B. posted张贴；C. questioned询问；D. claimed宣称；9. A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵；C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展； （2023·北京卷）25.A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊；26.A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。27． A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。29． A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。 32． A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式考查动词时态、语态。 以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等，理解词义重在理解语境。 动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 熟练掌握①动词短语的含义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语 （2024·北京卷）8.A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. roll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand out脱颖而出；D. go off爆炸（2023·北京卷）28.A. standing out突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记； 02 思维导图･知识导航 动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, set（改为send）等） 动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词  （带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词   延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come） 2.系动词 ①表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay 3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）： be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should) 动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，完形填空，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指： 1.形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。 2.意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。 3.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。 4.意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。 5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。 6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 易混动词归纳对比 1.lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表： 2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3.hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 4.see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。） 5.wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 6.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7.bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9.borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep. 10.win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11.steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12.fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13.take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。 14.shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。 15.answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。 16.reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17.cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work。 18.lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。 19.have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day. 20.begin与start：begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21.allow 与permit：allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22.find与found：find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 23.speak, say, talk 与tell：英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son。 24.excuse me 与sorry：excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。 25.care for 与care to do：care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。 26.与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27.意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。 28.动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with … 29.动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to … 30.与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in … 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点： 1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。 注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。 (3)动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。 常见的高频动词短语总结 1 break break away        摆脱；逃跑 break down       （机器）出故障；中断；分解 break into         闯入；打断；突然中断 break off          中断；折断；突然停止 break out          突然发生；爆发 break through      突破；克服；挣脱而出 break up          打碎；中断；分解 break in           破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴 2 bring bring about        引起；造成 bring down        使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 bring forward      提出；提前（=put forward） bring into operation实施；使生效 bring out          显示出来；出版；生产 bring up           提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back         把---送回；使想起；恢复 bring in           引进；挣得 3 call call for            需要；要求；邀请 call off            取消；停止 call on            拜访；看望；号召 call up            打电话；使人想起；召集 call at             访问 call in            请来；召集 call back          回电话；召回 4 come come about        发生 come across       偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along        进展；成功；一道走 come into effect    生效 come off          发生；举行；成功 come on          快点；走吧；有进展 come out          出来；结果是出版 come round/around再现；恢复知觉；改变看法 come through      经历；获得成功 come to           苏醒；达到；总数为 come up          发生；走上前去;(时间)快到 come up to        达到（高度、程度）；符合 come up against    碰到（困难） come up with      赶上；提出 come back         回来；反驳 come true         变为现实 5 cut cut across         绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住 cut back           削减；终止；急忙返回 cut down          削减；减少 cut in             插嘴；打断；突然出来 cut off            切断；中断；隔绝 cut out            删掉；戒掉 cut short          中断；打断；缩短 6 carry carry on          继续；坚持 carry out         执行；实施 carry through     帮助度过难关；完成；实现 7 die die away         渐弱 die down         熄灭；平静下来 die of            因----（病）死亡 die from         因----（外部原因）死亡 die out          灭绝；绝种 be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事 8 give give away        赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out          分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi） give off          发出；放出 give up          放弃；自首；将-----交给某人（to sb.）;对某人不报希望（on sb.） give in           屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交 9 go go along         进展；陪同前往 go by            时间过去；经过；遵守 go down         下降；下沉；下跌 go for           去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言） go in for         从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等） go into           研究；调查，从事 go off            离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生 go on            继续进行；发生；上场 go out           离开；熄灭；过时 go over          浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查 go through       通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查 go up            上升；增长；涨价 10 get get through      浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事 get in            收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话 get over         克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完 get on           继续；进行；上车 get round        传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about        四处走动；传开 get across        传达；使---让人理解 get along/on (with) 进展；相处 get down         记下；下来；下车；使---人忧愁 get down to(介词) 开始认真干 get back         恢复；回来；收回 get out          泄露；逃离 get tighter       聚会；收集 11 hold hold back        阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决 hold up          举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出 hold out         维持；坚持；伸出；拿出 hold off          拖延；延迟 12 keep keep away(from)  使远离 keep back       扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off         避开；不接近 keep on         继续 keep out        挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近 keep up         保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with     跟上 13 look look after        照顾；关心 look out         看；当心；查阅；观察 look back        回头看；回顾 look down on/upon轻视；看不起 look for          寻找；寻求；期望 look forward to   盼望；期待 look in          顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into        调查，深入了解 look on         观看； 旁观 look over        翻阅；浏览 look through     浏览；详细调查 look up         查阅；查出 14 make make for        向----前进，快速走向 make out       理解，领悟；辨认出，写出 make up        组成，占----比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for     弥补，补偿 make up of      由---组成；包含有 15 pick pick out        挑出；分辨出；区别出 pick up        拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带 16 put put across      解释清楚；使人接受 put aside       放在一边；储存；保留 put away       放好；收好 put down       写下；记下；镇压 put forward    提出；推荐；把---提前 put in         伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for      申请；正式要求 put off        延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍 put on         穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重） put out        熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版 put up        举起；修建；提供 put up with    忍受；容忍 put through   （把电话）接通；做完；向—传达，提出（to sb.）；使经受—的考验 17 send send away     送走；解雇 send for       派人去请 send out       发送；长出；发出（光、信号等） send up       上升；发射 18 set set about      开始做，着手 set apart      使分离；使显得突出 set aside       留出；拨出 set back       推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down      记下，写下 set off         动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause to explode） set out        动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式 set up         建立；创立；引起 19 take take after      与----相似 take apart     拆卸（机器） take away     拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等） take down     记下来；拆掉 take for      （错）当作；（误）认为 take in        吸收；接受；领会；欺骗 take off       起飞；匆匆离去；脱下 take on       呈现；采纳；承担，从事 take one’s time 不要着急，慢慢地做 take over      接收，接管，取代 take to        喜欢；养成---的习惯 take up       占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事 20 turn turn down    关小，调低，拒绝 turn off      关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦） turn out      关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养 turn over    （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑 turn to       求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到 turn up      开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面 考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 1. (2024·北京卷) I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical. They then ___5___ my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. Soon, the cast list was ___7___. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role! ” Sure enough, my name was at the top. I just stared at it and started to ___8___. I was so happy. After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage. It was fun. And when people started ___9___, that gave me a boost of confidence. 5. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished 7. A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed 9. A. whispering B. arguing C. clapping D. stretching 【答案】 5. B 7. B 9. C 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A. advertised为……做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. polished润色。根据上文“I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical.”以及下文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A. traded交易；B. posted张贴；C. questioned询问；D. claimed宣称。根据下文“My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!””以及下文“my name was at the top.”可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵；C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展。根据下文“that gave me a boost of confidence”以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。 2．(2023·北京卷) Being new to the school made me even 24 , so it was surprising I’d 25 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price — to write a five-page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night! After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat-postponing the pain. When I finally sat down to 26 , I began with the reasons Ms. Black would want to hear. Talking kept me and my neighbours from 27 . But when mum got home from work, I was still 29 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!” The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 32 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. 25．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat 26．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read 27．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing 29．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning 32．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict 【答案】 25．D 26．C 27．A 29．C 32．C 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊。由下文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。由上文“to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。由上文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。 根据语境判断选择正确的动词 (1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词; (2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景。 考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 1. (2024·北京卷) I just stared at it and started to ___8___. I was so happy. 8 A. well up B. roll in C. stand out D. go off 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只是盯着它，然后开始情绪开始迸发。A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. roll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand out脱颖而出；D. go off爆炸。根据下文“I was so happy”可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。 2. (2023·北京卷)When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 28 . 28．A．standing out B．flying by C．breaking up D．checking in 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing out突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记。由上文“Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用fly by来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。 1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀 （1）前缀en- able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage鼓励 （2）后缀-en 【高频再现】broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 （3）后缀-ify class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 （4）后缀-ize 【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。 2．常考的动词熟词生意 1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度 (2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜 (2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试 (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页 (2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers 5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能 (2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶 (2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的 (2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做 (2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面 (2024新课标II卷七选五) You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep. 20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的 (2024新课标II卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的 (2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit 24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. ②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? ③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引 (2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加 (2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾 (2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西 (2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的 (2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯 (2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing 34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 3．常考的完形填空动词词汇 arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，了解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争； train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force强迫； transform转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧； show展示wait等待；offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change改变；load装载call打电话； join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意 1. （2024·北京大兴·三模）It was rush hour in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. White, 38, was driving home. He noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup on the opposite side of the two-lane street. It was hard to 1 , since it was turning sharply and careening into the curb (路缘) . As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the 2 : the driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy's going to crash into a house, White thought. While many people would have 3 driving, that's not how White because of his permanent instinct to help out. He had to stop that vehicle. White busted a U-turn and was now facing in the same direction as the pickup, but there were four cars 4 them. Trapped, White pulled his car over, jumped out and ran around to the driver's side. The window was down on this 5 autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window—his legs moving in step with the pickup—and with a mighty heave, leaped in. White was now inside the cab of the truck, waist deep, his legs dangling out the window. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just 6 enough to be shocked by the sight of a stranger sprawled across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. They were coming up to a busy intersection, he recalls, “so I was trying to stop anything before it happened.” He 7 the pickup into park, causing it to jolt to a stop. He 8 himself from the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was 9 facing dangerously low blood sugar. “I'm always trying to help, where I can, when I can, ” White says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new 10 . 1．A．miss B．recognize C．seek D．realize 2．A．direction B．problem C．street D．pickup 3．A．carried out B．given up C．kept on D．taken over 4．A．prohibiting B．overtaking C．separating D．following 5．A．burning B．cooling C．warm D．temperate 6．A．calm B．anxious C．desperate D．conscious 7．A．forced B．wheeled C．urged D．led 8．A．ejected B．landed C．released D．escaped 9．A．regularly B．specially C．constantly D．unexpectedly 10．A．cause B．challenge C．approach D．territory 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】意外事故、记叙文、善行义举（个人） 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了White在开车回家的路上遇到了一辆皮卡车不正常地行驶，他看到皮卡车司机似乎在睡觉，为了避免发生事故，他跳进皮卡车里，将车停下，他发现司机因为低血糖而几乎失去意识。White的所作所为避免了一次事故的发生。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难不被察觉，因为车正在急转弯，向路边倾斜。A. miss错过，想念，未觉察；B. recognize认出；C. seek寻找；D. realize意识到。根据下文“since it was turning sharply and careening into the curb (路缘)”可知，正在急转弯，向路边倾斜，很难不被察觉。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当皮卡靠近时，怀特看清了问题所在:司机似乎睡着了。A. direction方向；B. problem问题；C. street街道；D. pickup皮卡。根据下文“the driver appeared to be asleep”可知，怀特看清了问题所在。故选B项。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然很多人会继续开车，但怀特不是这样做的，因为他总是本能地帮助别人。A. carried out实施；B. given up放弃；C. kept on继续；D. taken over接管。根据下文“that's not how White because of his permanent instinct to help out.”可知，很多人会继续开车，然而怀特却停了下来。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：怀特突然掉头，现在面对着与皮卡相同的方向，但有四辆车将他们分开。A. prohibiting禁止；B. overtaking追上；C. separating分离；D. following跟谁。根据下文“Trapped, White pulled his car over”可知，四辆车将他们分开，所以他把车停了下来。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个温和的秋日里，窗户是开着的。A. burning燃烧的；B. cooling冷却的；C. warm暖和的；D. temperate（气候）温和的。根据上文“The window was down”可知，窗户是开着的，所以气候是温和的。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：司机是64岁的托德·迪安吉利斯(Todd DeAngelis)，他刚刚有意识，看到一个陌生人趴在他的肚子上，吓了一跳，然后发出了一声尖叫。A. calm镇静的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. desperate不顾一切的，拼命的；极需要的；D. conscious有意识的。根据下文“be shocked by the sight of a stranger sprawled across his stomach, and he let out a yelp”可知，他刚刚有了点意识。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他强行把皮卡停在车位上，使它摇晃着停了下来。A. forced迫使；B. wheeled推，拉（带轮运输工具）；C. urged敦促；D. led引领。根据下文“causing it to jolt to a stop”可知，他强行把皮卡停在车位上。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从卡车窗户跳出来的方式和进来的方式是一样的。A. ejected驱逐，赶出；喷射；B. landed着陆； C. released释放；D. escaped逃跑。根据下文“From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK.”可知，他跳出了卡车。故选A项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：迪安吉利斯是一名糖尿病患者，他的血糖出乎意料地低到了危险的程度。A. regularly有规律地；B. specially特别地；C. constantly一直地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据上文失去了意识以及下文“acing dangerously low blood sugar”可知，的血糖出乎意料地低到了危险的程度。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀特承认这是一个新领域。A. cause原因；B. challenge挑战；C. approach方法；D. territory领域。根据上文“But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash?”可知，对怀特来说，这是个新的领域。故选D项。 2.（23-24高三上·北京·期中）Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been 1 when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was 2 . We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled. “I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s 3 , honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words 4 in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do? Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren 5 followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life. Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She 6 the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She 7 it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see? I scored! I made a 8 !” For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to 9 Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but 10 . 1．A．disappointed B．surprised C．depressed D．embarrassed 2．A．normal B．ordinary C．different D．typical 3．A．awful B．strange C．hard D．nice 4．A．sank B．poured C．came D．kicked 5．A．frequently B．carelessly C．attentively D．repeatedly 6．A．kept pace with B．gave way to C．put up with D．broke away from 7．A．threw B．missed C．cast D．caught 8．A．mistake B．record C．mess D．basket 9．A．excuse B．shelter C．discourage D．prohibit 10．A．consciously B．spiritually C．literally D．socially 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】家人和亲人 、记叙文、励志故事 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩劳伦，她有唐氏综合症，但是她的父母一直以来都没有告诉她这个事实，并且对她和其他孩子一样对待。Laure表现出对篮球的兴趣，并加入了女子篮球队。在一场比赛中，虽然她被叫上场的时间很短，但她成功地投篮得分，这让她感到非常自豪。通过这次比赛，父亲意识到劳伦的不同之处不仅仅是身体和情感上的，而是她对生活的态度。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，我不应该感到惊讶。A. disappointed沮丧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“But I was, because she has Down syndrome”可知，对于正常的孩子来说参加篮球队是不应该感到惊讶的，但因为劳伦有唐氏综合征，她要参加篮球队这是让作者惊讶的。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同。A. normal正常的；B. ordinary普通的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled.”可知，作者和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同，作者对待她与对待其他的孩子是一样的。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太好了，亲爱的。A. awful糟糕的；B. strange奇怪的；C. hard困难的；D. nice愉快的。根据““I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.””可知，劳伦告诉作者其要参加篮球队，作为父亲，作者表示赞同。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话被理解了。A. sank沉入，被理解；B. poured倾倒；C. came来到；D. kicked踢。根据““What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.””可知，作者理解了劳伦的话即劳伦想说的是她要加入女子高中篮球队。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。A. frequently经常地；B. carelessly不小心地；C. attentively注意地；D. repeatedly反复的。根据“reacted to every shot”可知，劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。故选C。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。A. kept pace with跟上；B. gave way to让位给；C. put up with忍受；D. broke away from逃离。根据“the others fairly well”可知，她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓住了球。A. threw投掷；B. missed错过；C. cast投掷；D. caught抓住。根据“Then they passed Lauren the ball.”可知，队友们把球传给了劳伦，劳伦接住了球即抓住了球。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我投进球了！A. mistake错误；B. record记录；C. mess混乱；D. basket投篮得分。根据“I scored!”可知，劳伦进球了。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：16年来，我一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。A. excuse借口；B. shelter提供保护；C. discourage使泄气；D. prohibit禁止。根据“from feeling like she was different”可知，作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。故选B。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但看着比赛中的劳伦，我发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。A. consciously有意识地；B. spiritually精神上地；C. literally文字地；D. socially社交地。根据“not physically or emotionally”可知，看着比赛中的劳伦，作者发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$