基于语篇结构分析的研究发现类说明文解题技巧 课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

Reading Strategies in Expositions 基于语篇结构分析的说明文解题技巧 -By Alice Xu 1 Learning Objectives: 1. To inspire students to explore some useful strategies for handling expository essays. 2. To motivate students to solve similar problems using the above strategies. 3. To develop students’ thinking qualities in practicing reading comprehension. 01 Introduction 考情介绍 02 Practice 真题演练 03 Strategies 解题策略 04 Conclusion 总结 CONTENTS 目 录 Virgo Perfectionism Are you worried that ......? Check yourself Can`t help translating every word to Chinese. Have to read through the whole passage. but lack of vocabulary. So spend too much time. Gemini Versatile Are you worried that ......? Check yourself Have quick minds but short attention span. Impatient with detailed analysis. Start with enthusiam but struggle to read until the end. Try to cover too many points without analysis. Aries Dynamic Are you worried that ......? Check yourself but impulsive. Choose anwers too hasty or too early Frustrated easily. Give up on challenging passages. Take action quickly, Feel all the choices are correct. Can`t see the Forest for the trees 只见树木，不见森林 Breaking the ice How can we become a smarter reader? 01 Introduction 考情介绍 近三年新课标I卷阅读理解说明文概况 试卷名称 篇目 主题语境 话题 体裁 说明对象 2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自我 纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果 说明文 社会现象 D 人与社会 数字生物多样性记录存在偏差 说明文 研究发现 2023年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自我 数字极简生活方式 说明文 新理论 D 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应 说明文 研究发现 2022年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与社会 关爱养老院老人的养老项目 说明文 新做法 D 人与社会 人类语言发展与农业的关系 说明文 研究发现 1. What can we learn about XXX from the first paragraph? What is ParagraphX intented to show? \What does the study\research focus on? ... ... 2.What does sb. suggest?\What`s sb`s attitude to XXX? What does the author imply in XXX ? 3.What does the underlined word XXX mean? ... ... 4.What can be concluded about XXX ? Why does the author mention XXX? 5.Why...\What does sth lead to...\What can be learnt from...? 6. What can be a suitable title for the text? What does the text mainly talk about? What is the text?\What is the purpose of this text? How is the text mainly organized? 说明文常考题目类型 考查段落大意 考查态度观点 考查词意猜测 考查推理判断 考查细节理解 考查文章主旨 (包含标题\目的\组织方式) 11 Exposition to introduce to describe an object a research report\finding a social phenomenon ● What is expository essay? purpose Subject(说明对象） 研究发现类 12 02 Strategies 解题策略 Strategy 1: Use Texual Structure for main ideas of the passage and each paragraph. 运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 Research report/finding Research finding 研究发现 Process of research 研究过程 Suggestions/Evaluation/ Further study研究建议/意义 Topic paragraph Sub paragraphs Problems/methods The purpose Supporting evidence of the research Textual Structure语篇结构 Ending paragraphs Analysis 原因/结果分析 更多模板亮亮图文旗舰店：https://liangliangtuwen.tmall.com 15 Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend,praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 16 Tip 1:How to find the topic sentence of each paragraph ? Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph Watch for the Transistions Look for Keyswords and Phrases Check for Repetition (e.g. but/however/though/although/furthernmore/in addition/therefore...) (e.g. the primary reason, one of the key factors, an important factors，a significant result.) 80% 15% ～5% ① For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④ Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 Thematic Context: Humen and Society (主题语境：人与社会) Main idea: Toddler is an important time to form positive relationships and social behaviors (主旨: 幼儿时期是形成友谊和社交技能的重要时期) S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 18 ① For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④ Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 P2:Process--Supporting evidence of the research P1:Research finding--the significance of friendship in toddlerhood P3:Analysis--Prombles & suggestions P4-5: Examples of Suggestions--Learn sympathy Use words Schedule proper playtime. 32.What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? 33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? P1:Research Finding P3:Analysis P4:Suggestions P1:Research Finding S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 19 ①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. ② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” ③Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. ④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. ⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? ⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 Tip1:How to find the topic sentence of each paragraph ? Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph Watch for the Transistions Look for Keyswords and Phrases Check for Repetition (e.g. but/however/though/although/furthernmore/in addition/therefore...) (e.g. the primary reason, one of the key factors, an important factors a sihnificant result.) 80% 15% ～5% ①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. ② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” ③Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. ④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. ⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? ⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 Thematic Context: Humen and Society (主题语境：人与社会) Main idea: Digital records of Biodiversity are biased (主旨: 数字生物多样性记录存在偏差) S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 ①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. ② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” ③Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. ④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. ⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? ⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” P1:New Finding P2-4：Process： （P2-Purpose P3-Methods P4-Results） P5：Analysis P6-7: Suggestions 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? P1:New Finding P2:Purpose P4-5:Result Analysis P7: Suggestions S1：运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 ①For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through …… When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend,praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid Tip2:研究发现类文章如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词： Researchers have found that... according to a study... A recent research shows that.... Studies show that... 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 主旨大意题 24 Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through …… When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend,praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 段落大意题 Tip3:此外，研究发现类段落功能还有： 1)Introductio/Background information/raise questions （一般为首段） 2)Offer suggestions 3)Draw conclusions 4) Predict future trends/prospects... 25 Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion Strategy 2: Use Logic Relation & Words for reasonable Inference. 利用逻辑关系进行合理推断 ① For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④ Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 P2:Process--Supporting evidence of the research P1:Research finding--the significance of friendship in toddlerhood P3:Analysis--Prombles & suggestions P4-5: Examples of Suggestions--Learn sympathy Use words Schedule proper playtime. 33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. S2：利用逻辑合理推断 P3:Analysis--Prombles & suggestions ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. STEP2：圈关键词 STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP3：找逻辑关系，比对选项 推理判断题 27 Tip 4 :Common Logic Relation & Words 常见逻辑关系 cause and effect 因果关系 explanation 解释关系 Parallel and progressive 并列/递进关系 transition 转折关系 Q&A 问答关系 and, also, besides ,similarly ,furthermore, moreover, in addition, then, first, second… that`s why,because, for, since, as, thus, so, due to,therefore, thanks to, as a result, because of, be to blame, account for … ... but, however, yet, on the contrary, otherwise, on the other hand, by contrast, rather than… in other words, that is to say… in fact， actually, for example, for instance,like... ... Reference relation 指代关系 it, this, that, they, them,those,which,one ... ... ② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 推理判断题 P1: New Finding P2-4: Process P5: Analysis P6-7: Suggestions STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP2：圈关键词 STEP3：找逻辑关系，比对选项 Cause and Effect Reference Relation ⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? ⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 推理判断题 P1: New Finding P2-4: Process P5: Analysis P6-7: Suggestions STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP2：圈关键词 STEP3：找逻辑关系，比对选项 ⑤...This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. Q & A Reference relation Strategy 3: Identify Synonyms/the Same Expressions to check True or False.识别同义判断正误 ① For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. ③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share,and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That‘s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler‘s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. ④ Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）. ⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 2024年1月九省联考阅读理解D篇 P2:Process--Supporting evidence of the research P1:Research finding--the significance of friendship in toddlerhood P3:Analysis--Prombles & suggestions P4-5: Examples of Suggestions--Learn sympathy Use words Schedule proper playtime. 32.What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? A.They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. S3：识别同义判断正误 P2:Process--Supporting evidence of the research ②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. STEP2：圈关键词，理解句意 STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP3：比对选项，判断正误，同义为正 细节理解题 32 Tip 4 :Three Levels of Synomys 常见三级同义转换 the 2nd Level 二级同义转换 the 1st Level 一级同义转换 the 3nd Level 三级同义转换 synonyms of same part of speech(词性词数都相同): e.g.unusual=odd; importance=significance; demanding=difficult=challeging; ... ... synonyms of different part of speech(词性或词数相同): e.g. the same=unchanged; unsuccessful=failure; protecting endangered species=to protect the ecosystem; same expressions of different part of speech (词性和词数都不同): e.g.lack =in short=in shortage of; engaging=hold one`s attention; treat lightly=devote less mental effort; a familiar presence on stage=experienced on stage; ... ... ①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 细节理解题 P1: New Finding P2-4: Process P5: Analysis P6-7: Suggestions STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP2：圈关键词，理解句意 STEP3：比对选项，判断正误，同义为正 the 3nd Level 三级同义转换 (上下义) ④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. 2024 年新高考I卷D篇 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling。 D. Unreliable data collection devices. 细节理解题 P1: New Finding P2-4: Process P5: Analysis P6-7: Suggestions STEP1：利用篇章结构定位信息段 STEP2：圈关键词，理解句意 STEP3：比对选项，判断正误，同义为正 the 3nd Level 三级同义转换 03 Practice 真题演练 ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. ⑤Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. ⑤Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 P1-2:Past Research P1:Introduction P2: Analysis P3:New Finding P4-5:Further study Textual Structure What does the author inform us of ? _______ A. an object. B. a social phenomenon. C. a research report. D. an argument. ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. ⑤Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 34. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 主旨大意题 细节理解题 推理判断题 态度观点题 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When..., they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people..., then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 主旨大意题 P1-2: Past Finding P3: New Finding P4-5: Further Study ②...In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 细节理解题 P1-2: Past Finding P3: New Finding P4-5: Further Study ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. ⑤Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations, many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 2023 年新高考I卷D篇 34. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 推理判断题 P1-2: Past Finding P3: New Finding P4-5: Further Study Groupwork: Think and discuss : What words can be used to describe a person`s attitude? 43 赞成 Positive 积极的 Supportive支持的 Approving 赞成的 Favorable 赞许的 Optimistic乐观的 Encouraging鼓励的 Complimentary 称赞的 反对 Negative 消极的 Disapproving不赞成的 Dissatisfied 不满意的 Critical 批判的 Worried 担忧的 Doubtful 怀疑的 Skeptical 怀疑的 Pessimistic悲观的 中立 Objective客观的 Neutral中立的 Indifferent 漠不关心的 Impartial 公正的 Unbiased无偏见的 Unintersted不感兴趣的 Unconcerned 漠不关心的 Tip 5: Words of Attitude 不清楚的 Unclear 消极的 Vague 模糊的 Ambiguous 模棱两可的 Confused 困惑的 Bewildered困惑的Uncertain 不确定的 其他 Enthusiastic 热情的，Stubborn/Rigid 固执的，Satisfied ，Bored... ... 44 04 Conclusion 总结 Conclusion 1. Use Textual Structure for main ideas of the passage and each paragraph. 运用语篇结构明确文章主旨、段落大意 2. Use Logic Relation & Words for reasonable Inference.利用逻辑关系进行合理推断 3. Identify Synonyms/the Same Expressions to check True or False.识别同义判断正误 Conclusion Textual Structure New finding Process Results analysis Suggestions\ Further study See the Forest first, then the Trees 先见森林，再见树木 Self-evaluation 1. I can analyze the textual structures of expository reading about research finding. Yes No 2. I can identify the topic sentence in expository reading Yes No 3. I know how to apply strategies and tips into expository reading Yes No 4. I have more confidence in doing Reading Comprehension exercises. Yes No 50 Homework Finish: 2025届黄冈模拟卷D篇 & 衡水金卷十二 C\D 篇 Practice makes Perfect ! ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms? ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈模拟卷D篇 32. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By defining a concept. B. By presenting a study result. C. By making comparison. D. By giving an example. 33. What does the author agree in the passage? A. Dementia mainly results in lost memories. B. Forgetting means imperfection of the brain. C. It’s terrible that the best friend’s name escapes me. D. The knowledge you need to be a teacher is not arbitrary. 34. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Scientists think forgetting limits our life. B. Neuroscientists are researching the adaptive role of forgetting. C. People would agree that amnesia is harmful in most condition. D. Amnesia definitely makes it challenging to recollect memories. 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To explain the reasons of forgetting. B. To present the process of forgetting. C To emphasize the benefits of forgetting. D. To clarify the misunderstanding of forgetting. Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion THAKNS ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms? ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈模拟卷D篇 Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms? ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈模拟卷D篇 32. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By defining a concept. B. By presenting a study result. C. By making comparison. D. By giving an example. 33. What does the author agree in the passage? A. Dementia mainly results in lost memories. B. Forgetting means imperfection of the brain. C. It’s terrible that the best friend’s name escapes me. D. The knowledge you need to be a teacher is not arbitrary. 34. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Scientists think forgetting limits our life. B. Neuroscientists are researching the adaptive role of forgetting. C. People would agree that amnesia is harmful in most condition. D. Amnesia definitely makes it challenging to recollect memories. 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To explain the reasons of forgetting. B. To present the process of forgetting. C To emphasize the benefits of forgetting. D. To clarify the misunderstanding of forgetting. Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms. ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈调研一模 D篇 P1-2:Research Finding P3-4:Explaination P5-6:Conclusion Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms. ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈模拟卷D篇 32. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By defining a concept. B. By presenting a study result. C. By making comparison. D. By giving an example. 33. What does the author agree in the passage? A. Dementia mainly results in lost memories. B. Forgetting means imperfection of the brain. C. It’s terrible that the best friend’s name escapes me. D. The knowledge you need to be a teacher is not arbitrary. 34. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Scientists think forgetting limits our life. B. Neuroscientists are researching the adaptive role of forgetting. C. People would agree that amnesia is harmful in most condition. D. Amnesia definitely makes it challenging to recollect memories. 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To explain the reasons of forgetting. B. To present the process of forgetting. C To emphasize the benefits of forgetting. D. To clarify the misunderstanding of forgetting. P1-2:Research Finding P3-4:Explaination P5-6:Conclusion P1-2:Research Finding Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion ①Forgetting is a fact of life that many people find frustrating. But growing evidence pushes back at the belief that a slip or escape in our recollection is evidently bad. Indeed, forgetting can sometimes help people cope psychologically or let go of useless knowledge. ② In a new study, neuroscientist Tomas Ryan of Trinity College Dubli and his colleagues have examined the fundamental biology underlying a form of forgetting we experience every day. Their work suggests that when we can’t recall an old phone number or a high school teacher’s name, those details are not necessarily lost. ③As Ryan explained to Mind Matters editor Daisy Yuhas, forgetting may be an active process that the brain uses to support learning. He also discussed how dementia (痴呆) may ultimately effect disordered forgetting more than lost memories. ④You study an idea that some people may find counter-intuitive (反直觉的): forgetting can be part of learning. How so? We often think of forgetting as a loss of the brain power or a limitation. Memory loss from dementia or brain injury, for example, can be devastating. But we also experience “everyday forgetting” as we go about our lives because there’s just so much going on. We’re expected to learn and retain many things in order to function in modern society. Some are quite arbitrary, such as having to memorize facts you’ll never need again for school exams. Others are not so arbitrary but are still quite demanding, such as the knowledge you build to become a practicing doctor. ⑤Although we may think of forgetting as a trouble, and it often is, it could be a feature of the brain rather than a bug. A growing body of research in neuroscience is studying the idea that forgetting is adaptive rather than limiting. So forgetting comes in many forms. ⑥There are different kinds that people generally consider distinct. We may use the word amnesia (健忘症) for a kind of forgetting that most people would agree is neither adaptive nor beneficial. Some forms of amnesia make it difficult to form new memories while others make it difficult to recall memories formed before an injury. 2025届黄冈调研一模 D篇 P1-2:Research Finding P3-4:Explaination P5-6:Conclusion 32. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By defining a concept. B. By presenting a study result. C. By making comparison. D. By giving an example. 33. What does the author agree in the passage? A. Dementia mainly results in lost memories. B. Forgetting means imperfection of the brain. C. It’s terrible that the best friend’s name escapes me. D. The knowledge you need to be a teacher is not arbitrary. 34. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A. Scientists think forgetting limits our life. B. Neuroscientists are researching the adaptive role of forgetting. C. People would agree that amnesia is harmful in most condition. D. Amnesia definitely makes it challenging to recollect memories. 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To explain the reasons of forgetting. B. To present the process of forgetting. C To emphasize the benefits of forgetting. D. To clarify the misunderstanding of forgetting. Introduction Strategies Practice Conclusion $$