Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures 课件+分层练习- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高二课时练习）单词拼写 1.It's very　　　(高尚的) of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.   2.Actually many countries undertook it and obtained a great 　　　(突破)in AI technology.   3.People can share their 　　　(准确的) location, the city they're in, or something that they like.  4.I asked some of the most 　　　(有很大影响力的) and widely respected experts and they gave me some 　　　(实际的) suggestions.   5.There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, 　　　(摄影)and so on.  6.The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching 　　　(外部的)space.  7.She devotes herself entirely to teaching and it earns her a good r　　　.  8.I think every cell in my body woke up and it was like discovering a whole new d　　　of life.  【答案】1.noble　2.breakthrough　3.precise　4.influential;realistic　5.photography　6.outer　7.reputation　8.dimension 二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空 1.He got a good mark in the test,　　　(rank) first in his class.  2.I purchased a delicate gift　　　100 yuan from one of my old friends.  3.He　　　(emerge) as a key figure in the campaign when he was 15 years old.   4.Your argument should not rest upon 　　　(subject) and groundless conclusions.   5.Some paintings of modern art are so 　　　(reality) that they look like photographs.  6.Most of our　　　(client) are people who have been living in this apartment for a while.  7.We are trying to raise public awareness of environmental protection, 　　　(particular) air pollution.  8.　　　 rock music and poetry have many differences, they both do have the power to make us think about how we feel.  9.The message　　　(convey) in this cartoon is apparent—actions speak louder than words.  【答案】1.ranking　考查非谓语动词。句意:这次考试他得了高分,在他班上排名第一。分析可知,空格处需用现在分词作结果状语,故填ranking。 2.for　考查介词。句意:我花了100元从我的一个老朋友那里买了一份精美的礼物。“purchase sth. for+花费的钱”为固定搭配,意为“花了多少钱买某物”。 3.emerged　考查时态。句意:在他15岁的时候,他就初露头角,成了这个活动的关键人物。此处表示过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故填emerged。emerge as...作为……露头。 4.subjective　考查形容词。句意:你的论点不应该建立在主观的和毫无根据的推断上。此处需用形容词subjective(主观的),与groundless并列修饰conclusions。 5.realistic　考查词性转换。句意:一些现代艺术的绘画作品如此逼真,以至于它们看起来像照片。由句意可知此处需用形容词realistic,意为“逼真的”。 6.clients　考查名词的数。句意:我们的大多数客户是在这套公寓住了一段时间的人。此处表示大多数客户,空前有Most of修饰,需用名词的复数形式clients。 7.particularly　考查词性转换。句意:我们正在努力提高公众对环境保护的意识,尤其是对空气污染的意识。由语境及句子结构可知此处应用副词particularly。 8.While/Though/Although　考查状语从句。句意:尽管摇滚音乐和诗歌有许多不同之处,但它们的确都能让我们思考我们的感受。结合句意可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,且在句首,故可用While/Though/Although。 9.conveyed　考查非谓语动词。句意:这部卡通片传达的主题思想很明显——行动胜于雄辩。分析可知,设空处作后置定语,convey与名词message之间为被动关系,所以需用过去分词conveyed。  三、（2024·高二课时练习）词性转换 1. _________ adj. 准确的；精确的→_________ adv. 准确地；精确地；的确如此 2. _________ adj.真实的→_________ n. 现实；事实→_________ adj.现实的；逼真的→_________ n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风→_________ n. 现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者 3. _________ n. 人性；人道；(统称)人类→_________ adj.人文主义的 4. _________ n.影响；作用→_________adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 5. _________ n. 雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→_________ n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 6. _________adj.视觉的；视力的→_________ adv.外表上；视觉地 7. _________ vt.&vi. 呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门→_________adj.拱形的；弓形的 8. _________ vt.&vi.投资；投入→_________ n. 投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入 9. _________ vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价→ _________ n.批评；指责；评论 10. _________ vt. 代表；象征→_________ n. 代表adj.典型的；有代表性的 11. _________ v.展出，展览→_________ n. 展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演 12. _________ n. 艺术→_________ n. 艺术家→_________ adj.艺术的；艺术家的 13. _________ adj.国民的；民用的；民事的→_________ n.平民，老百姓→_________ n.文明 14. _________ vt.认出；认可，公认→ ________ n. 承认；认出；赞誉 15. _________ v.扩展，扩大→_________ n.扩张；扩展；扩大 【答案】1. precise；precisely 2. real；reality；realistic；realism；realist 3. humanity；humanistic 4. influence；influential 5. sculpture；sculptor 6. visual；visually 7. arch；arched 8. invest；investment 9. criticise/criticize；criticism 10. represent；representative 11. exhibit；exhibition 12. art；artist；artistic 13. civil；civilian；civilization/civilisation 14. recognize/recognise；recognition 15. expand；expansion 知识应用 四、（山东省青岛市2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中）阅读理解 A ground-breaking study led by Dr. Mark Wong of The University of Western Australia, has provided the first global picture of insect activity patterns across the fundamental day-night cycle. Through the extensive research, they’ve finally been able to provide a definitive answer to the age-old question of whether there are more insects out at night than during the day. Their global analysis not only shows that insect activity rises by a third (31. 4%) during the night on average, but reveals key factors driving patterns in insect activity across the Earth. The activity patterns of insects across the day-night cycle were a surprisingly deficient area in ecology, because such patterns cannot be detected by common methods used for sampling insects. For example, sweep netting can catch only active insects, while light traps do not work as well during the day as they do during the night. The researchers overcame this challenge by identifying studies that sampled insects during the day and night with traps that specifically caught moving insects. After combing through thousands of studies they identified 99 studies spanning from 1959 to 2022, which had used these methods to document insect activity pattern across diverse landscapes. The total number of insects observed exceeded 3 million individuals. Nocturnal (夜间活动的) activity was more common in rivers and streams. In this habitat, there could be twice as many insects active during the night. In contrast, land-based insects generally had higher day activity, especially in grasslands, where the number of insects out could be three times during the day. These contrasting patterns in ecosystem may reflect strategies for predator (捕食者) avoidance. Fish tend to hunt insects during the day, whereas nocturnal animals such as bats make life on land at night. The analysis also highlighted the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on insect activity at the global scale. They found peak levels of nocturnal activity in the warmer regions of the world, as more insects likely sought shelter from the heat of the day. 8. What does the study focus on? A. The species of insects. B. The living habits of insects. C. The insects’ day-night cycle. D. The decline in insect number. 9. How did the researchers come to the conclusion? A. Using creative ways to catch active insects. B. Analyzing some documented data in history. C Travelling to diverse landscapes to obtain data. D. Comparing the data they got during day and night. 10. What does the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Blank. B. Understudied. C. Well-explored. D. Debatable. 11. Which of the following may explain the insect activity patterns? A. Physical structure. B. Habitat changes. C. Human’s hunting preference. D. Ecological influences. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述西澳大学的一项研究揭示了昆虫活动模式的全球昼夜周期图，发现夜间活动的昆虫比白天多三分之一。研究克服采样挑战，揭示不同生态系统中昆虫活动模式的差异和驱动地球昆虫活动模式的关键因素。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A ground-breaking study led by Dr. Mark Wong of The University of Western Australia, has provided the first global picture of insect activity patterns across the fundamental day-night cycle.(由西澳大学的Mark Wong博士领导的一项开创性研究首次提供了昆虫在昼夜基本周期中的活动模式的全球图景)”可知，该研究的重点是昆虫的昼夜周期，故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers overcame this challenge by identifying studies that sampled insects during the day and night with traps that specifically caught moving insects. After combing through thousands of studies they identified 99 studies spanning from 1959 to 2022, which had used these methods to document insect activity pattern across diverse landscapes.(研究人员克服了这一挑战，确定了在白天和晚上用陷阱对昆虫进行采样的研究，这些陷阱专门捕捉移动的昆虫。在梳理了数千项研究后，他们确定了从1959年到2022年的99项研究，这些研究使用这些方法记录了不同景观中昆虫的活动模式)”可知，研究人员是通过分析历史上的一些研究中记录的数据而得出结论的，故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后“because such patterns cannot be detected by common methods used for sampling insects.(因为这种模式无法通过常用的昆虫采样方法检测到)”可知，昆虫在昼夜周期中的活动模式无法通过常用的昆虫采样方法检测到，故该模式在生态学中是一个“研究不足的”领域，故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These contrasting patterns in ecosystem may reflect strategies for predator (捕食者) avoidance.(生态系统中这些不同的模式可能反映了避免捕食者的策略)”可知，昆虫在昼夜周期中的活动模式反映了避免捕食者的策略，故人类的狩猎偏好可能解释了昆虫的这种活动模式，故选C。 五、（2024年秋季福建省永春二中晋江内坑中学等五校高二期中联考）七选五 You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have a lot of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big question you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts.____36____ You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then figure out how those ideas fit together. ____37____ Some use outlining to organize their ideas, but is that the best method? If everyone thought in a linear manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don't. Enter mind mapping, a technique that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This structure is designed to help you remember information. More than 250 million people worldwide use it, so why don't you see what it is all about? What exactly is a mind map and how do we make one? ____38____ Put this idea in a bubble in the middle of a page with lines stretching out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. It should look like a many-legged spider (蜘蛛).___ 39___ These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added to bubbles at the same level or in smaller branches where appropriate. Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch's connection. You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks. Studies have shown that mind maps have improved people's recall. ___40___ Creativity is sparked (激发) because of the spatial (空间的) arrangement, enabling people to make more links on topics of any kind. Additionally, it enhances one's productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively. So whether you're in charge of a project or writing a research paper, make this technique a part of your planning process! A. Use words, short phrases or images to express your ideas. B. Mind mapping helps people communicate confidently. C. But it doesn't stop there. D. Mind maps are designed to help people write a research paper. E.These are just two situations that many people deal with frequently. F.Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. G.Simply put, it is one's ideas put into the form of a visual map that starts with a central idea. 【答案】本文是说明文。文章介绍了制作思维导图的具体步骤及其好处。 36. F。设空处与上文构成并列关系。F项中的paper和main topic与下文中的supporting ideas和how those ideas fit together构成同现关系，且F项中的you are planning to write a paper与上文中的You have to make a speech构成并列关系。 37. E。设空处承上启下。E项中的two situations指代上文中准备演讲稿和论文时会遇到的两种情况，且E项引出下文中一些人应对这两种情况所采取的办法，故E项符合此处语境。 38. G。设空处是对上文的解释说明。G项中的it指代上文中的mind map，G项中的visual map与上文中的mind map相呼应，且G项中的a central idea与下文中的this idea相呼应。 39.A。设空处是对上文的补充说明。设空处补充说明如何做气泡类的思维导图， C项中的words, short phrases or images与上文中的related themes or concepts相呼应。 40.C。设空处与上文构成转折关系。根据上文中的Studies have shown that mind maps have improved people's recall和下文中的Creativity is sparked可知，思维导图的好处不止一个，它不仅能提高记忆力，还能激发创造力。A项符合语境，与上文构成转折关系，A项中的there指代上文中的mind maps have improved people's recall。 六、（安徽省定远县第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第二次教学质量检测）读后续写 Max arrived at an office, for his first interview. He used to live with his parents. He was frustrated with his parents blaming him for every little thing he did at home. While waiting for the interview, he was thinking, “Only if I succeed in today's interview will I say goodbye to my parents' house and settle down in the big city, which will let me avoid having to listen to my parents' complaints about little things all the time. ” He started thinking about little things his parents used to blame him for—How his mother asked him to make his bed after he woke up. If he left the bathroom door open, his mother would ask him to close the door and before that check if the tap was turned off properly. How his father asked him to switch off the fan or light switch before he left. How his mother always blamed him for not keeping things at the right places. While thinking about all these, he thought, “Why should I listen to their words? Why should I do all these? If I get a job, I will definitely leave their home. ” When looking around, Max saw that there were many candidates (应试者) sitting in that office. He saw that the light in the office was still on and it was ten o'clock in the morning. Remembering his father's words, he got up and switched off the light. When he saw that water was falling from the water cooler kept at the office, he went to turn off the tap properly. It was time to go up to the second floor for the interview, everyone went upstairs in turn. On the way up the stairs, a chair stood in the way, and the other candidates bypassed it, but Max removed it, set it aside, and walked to the second floor. Now, as Max waited outside, he saw the candidates in front of him keep going in and coming out immediately. After talking to these people, he learned that the interviewers didn't ask them anything. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It was Max's turn to be interviewed. ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After the interview, Max reached home and hugged his parents. _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It was Max's turn to be interviewed. He went inside and passed his file to the interviewers. After looking at his file, an interviewer asked, “When are you joining? ” A wave of surprise flooded into Max’ s mind. Looking at his face, the interviewer said, “Today, in interviews, no one was asked anything. We noticed everyone came but no one switched off the tap or light except you. You have good values and habits. This is what we evaluate most. ” After the interview, Max reached home and hugged his parents. He told them about the interview and the result. He apologized to them and thanked them. He said, “In my life, my degree has less value in comparison to the lessons I have learned from you because of your strict demand on small matters. Today, I come to know that not only education but good habits and values have their own importance if I want to succeed in life. A person who doesn't have self-disciplines, no matter how smart he is, can't succeed in his life. ” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高二课时练习）单词拼写 1.It's very　　　(高尚的) of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.   2.Actually many countries undertook it and obtained a great 　　　(突破)in AI technology.   3.People can share their 　　　(准确的) location, the city they're in, or something that they like.  4.I asked some of the most 　　　(有很大影响力的) and widely respected experts and they gave me some 　　　(实际的) suggestions.   5.There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, 　　　(摄影)and so on.  6.The scientists are still working on inventing new methods of reaching 　　　(外部的)space.  7.She devotes herself entirely to teaching and it earns her a good r　　　.  8.I think every cell in my body woke up and it was like discovering a whole new d　　　of life.  二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空 1.He got a good mark in the test,　　　(rank) first in his class.  2.I purchased a delicate gift　　　100 yuan from one of my old friends.  3.He　　　(emerge) as a key figure in the campaign when he was 15 years old.   4.Your argument should not rest upon 　　　(subject) and groundless conclusions.   5.Some paintings of modern art are so 　　　(reality) that they look like photographs.  6.Most of our　　　(client) are people who have been living in this apartment for a while.  7.We are trying to raise public awareness of environmental protection, 　　　(particular) air pollution.  8.　　　 rock music and poetry have many differences, they both do have the power to make us think about how we feel.  9.The message　　　(convey) in this cartoon is apparent—actions speak louder than words.  三、（2024·高二课时练习）词性转换 1. _________ adj. 准确的；精确的→_________ adv. 准确地；精确地；的确如此 2. _________ adj.真实的→_________ n. 现实；事实→_________ adj.现实的；逼真的→_________ n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风→_________ n. 现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者 3. _________ n. 人性；人道；(统称)人类→_________ adj.人文主义的 4. _________ n.影响；作用→_________adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 5. _________ n. 雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→_________ n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 6. _________adj.视觉的；视力的→_________ adv.外表上；视觉地 7. _________ vt.&vi. 呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门→_________adj.拱形的；弓形的 8. _________ vt.&vi.投资；投入→_________ n. 投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入 9. _________ vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价→ _________ n.批评；指责；评论 10. _________ vt. 代表；象征→_________ n. 代表adj.典型的；有代表性的 11. _________ v.展出，展览→_________ n. 展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演 12. _________ n. 艺术→_________ n. 艺术家→_________ adj.艺术的；艺术家的 13. _________ adj.国民的；民用的；民事的→_________ n.平民，老百姓→_________ n.文明 14. _________ vt.认出；认可，公认→ ________ n. 承认；认出；赞誉 15. _________ v.扩展，扩大→_________ n.扩张；扩展；扩大 知识应用 四、（山东省青岛市2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中）阅读理解 A ground-breaking study led by Dr. Mark Wong of The University of Western Australia, has provided the first global picture of insect activity patterns across the fundamental day-night cycle. Through the extensive research, they’ve finally been able to provide a definitive answer to the age-old question of whether there are more insects out at night than during the day. Their global analysis not only shows that insect activity rises by a third (31. 4%) during the night on average, but reveals key factors driving patterns in insect activity across the Earth. The activity patterns of insects across the day-night cycle were a surprisingly deficient area in ecology, because such patterns cannot be detected by common methods used for sampling insects. For example, sweep netting can catch only active insects, while light traps do not work as well during the day as they do during the night. The researchers overcame this challenge by identifying studies that sampled insects during the day and night with traps that specifically caught moving insects. After combing through thousands of studies they identified 99 studies spanning from 1959 to 2022, which had used these methods to document insect activity pattern across diverse landscapes. The total number of insects observed exceeded 3 million individuals. Nocturnal (夜间活动的) activity was more common in rivers and streams. In this habitat, there could be twice as many insects active during the night. In contrast, land-based insects generally had higher day activity, especially in grasslands, where the number of insects out could be three times during the day. These contrasting patterns in ecosystem may reflect strategies for predator (捕食者) avoidance. Fish tend to hunt insects during the day, whereas nocturnal animals such as bats make life on land at night. The analysis also highlighted the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on insect activity at the global scale. They found peak levels of nocturnal activity in the warmer regions of the world, as more insects likely sought shelter from the heat of the day. 8. What does the study focus on? A. The species of insects. B. The living habits of insects. C. The insects’ day-night cycle. D. The decline in insect number. 9. How did the researchers come to the conclusion? A. Using creative ways to catch active insects. B. Analyzing some documented data in history. C Travelling to diverse landscapes to obtain data. D. Comparing the data they got during day and night. 10. What does the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Blank. B. Understudied. C. Well-explored. D. Debatable. 11. Which of the following may explain the insect activity patterns? A. Physical structure. B. Habitat changes. C. Human’s hunting preference. D. Ecological influences. 五、（2024年秋季福建省永春二中晋江内坑中学等五校高二期中联考）七选五 You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have a lot of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big question you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts.____36____ You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then figure out how those ideas fit together. ____37____ Some use outlining to organize their ideas, but is that the best method? If everyone thought in a linear manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don't. Enter mind mapping, a technique that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This structure is designed to help you remember information. More than 250 million people worldwide use it, so why don't you see what it is all about? What exactly is a mind map and how do we make one? ____38____ Put this idea in a bubble in the middle of a page with lines stretching out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. It should look like a many-legged spider (蜘蛛).___ 39___ These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added to bubbles at the same level or in smaller branches where appropriate. Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch's connection. You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks. Studies have shown that mind maps have improved people's recall. ___40___ Creativity is sparked (激发) because of the spatial (空间的) arrangement, enabling people to make more links on topics of any kind. Additionally, it enhances one's productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively. So whether you're in charge of a project or writing a research paper, make this technique a part of your planning process! A. Use words, short phrases or images to express your ideas. B. Mind mapping helps people communicate confidently. C. But it doesn't stop there. D. Mind maps are designed to help people write a research paper. E.These are just two situations that many people deal with frequently. F.Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. G.Simply put, it is one's ideas put into the form of a visual map that starts with a central idea. 六、（安徽省定远县第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第二次教学质量检测）读后续写 Max arrived at an office, for his first interview. He used to live with his parents. He was frustrated with his parents blaming him for every little thing he did at home. While waiting for the interview, he was thinking, “Only if I succeed in today's interview will I say goodbye to my parents' house and settle down in the big city, which will let me avoid having to listen to my parents' complaints about little things all the time. ” He started thinking about little things his parents used to blame him for—How his mother asked him to make his bed after he woke up. If he left the bathroom door open, his mother would ask him to close the door and before that check if the tap was turned off properly. How his father asked him to switch off the fan or light switch before he left. How his mother always blamed him for not keeping things at the right places. While thinking about all these, he thought, “Why should I listen to their words? Why should I do all these? If I get a job, I will definitely leave their home. ” When looking around, Max saw that there were many candidates (应试者) sitting in that office. He saw that the light in the office was still on and it was ten o'clock in the morning. Remembering his father's words, he got up and switched off the light. When he saw that water was falling from the water cooler kept at the office, he went to turn off the tap properly. It was time to go up to the second floor for the interview, everyone went upstairs in turn. On the way up the stairs, a chair stood in the way, and the other candidates bypassed it, but Max removed it, set it aside, and walked to the second floor. Now, as Max waited outside, he saw the candidates in front of him keep going in and coming out immediately. After talking to these people, he learned that the interviewers didn't ask them anything. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It was Max's turn to be interviewed. ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After the interview, Max reached home and hugged his parents. _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 1 Art Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 目 录 Lead-in Practice and Apply Observe and Discover Attention Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1. Identify infinitives as predicative in sentences and understand their contextual meanings. 2. Sum up the varieties of forms and usages of infinitives as predicative. 3. Create subtitles for a video of a Chinese art form by using infinitives as predicative. 4. Raise the awareness to protect and promote traditional Chinese arts. Lead-in： 1.Our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. 2.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 3.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. 4.In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. 5.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?” infinitives ----predictive Lead-in： Perhaps the best _____ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the _______ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. In this work, Monet’s ____ was to convey the light and movement in the scene ... ___________________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?” way purpose aim What they attempted to do 动词不定式 在句中作表语 Observe and Discover： Impressionism is an important style in Western art. Its aim is to capture the essence of a moment through light and color.   Vincent van Gogh is outstanding in this art movement. His paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. The Starry Night and Sunflowers are among his most famous works. His purpose is to convey how he sees the world. Our duty is to keep the artistic light in our heart and maintain our love for the world. how he sees the world. the artistic light in our heart and maintain our love for the world. The function is to give us more ____________ about the subject. Activity 1: Identify the function of the underlined parts. Predicative (表语) n. phr. adj. phr. adj. prep. Phr. Its aim information the essence of a moment to convey to capture His purpose is is Our duty is to keep Observe and Discover： Basic form: linking verb to do + Its aim is to capture the essence of a moment. His purpose is to convey how he sees the world. Our duty is to keep the artistic light in our heart and ... Observe and Discover： The question answered by artists is what to do when we are in confusion. Activity 2: Observe the sentences on the bookmarks and conclude the forms of infinitive. The deeper value of the art is to be found. The duty of true art is not to educate, but to enlighten. The role of true art is not to portray, but to inspire. The challenge that art faces is where to head. The further meaning of the art is to be explored. Observe and Discover： The duty of true art is not to educate, but to enlighten. Activity 2: Observe the sentences on the bookmarks and conclude the forms. be to do/ be not to do The role of true art is not to portray, but to inspire. The deeper value of the art is to be found. The further meaning of the art is to be explored. The question answered by artists is what to do when we are in confusion. The challenge that art faces is where to head. be to be done not to portray to inspire not to educate to enlighten to be found to be explored where to head what to do be where/what/how… to do Observe and Discover： Activity 2: Observe the sentences on the bookmarks and conclude the forms. a. an abstract noun indicating future action When to use: c. sth. uncertain b. sth. that should be done When the subject is be to do/be not to do What to use: Different forms: be where/what/how… to do be to be done 非谓语动词之to do 动词 谓语 非谓语 done doing to do 具有动词的特征 具有名词的特征 具有形容词的特征 具有副词的特征 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 to do 11 不定式的时态和语态： 类别 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do 完成式 进行式 / 完成进行式 / to be done to have done to be doing to have been doing to have been done 发生在谓语动词之后 发生在谓语动词之前 正在进行 一直持续 找出谓语和非谓语 1. To improve my English, I decide to learn grammar. 2. Going to bed early and getting up early is beneficial to our health. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. 4. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. 这项发表于2009年的研究发现，在用笔和纸写作时，参与者会写出更长的文章和更完整的句子，写单词的速度更快 13 找出谓语和非谓语 1. To improve my English, I decide to learn grammar. 2. Going to bed early and getting up early is beneficial to our health. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. 4. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. 这项发表于2009年的研究发现，在用笔和纸写作时，参与者会写出更长的文章和更完整的句子，写单词的速度更快 14 BY YUSHEN IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 不定式充当表语 表主动 表将来 动词不定式作表语 Observe and Discover： What is a predicative? 表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，常位于系动词之后 example sentences: She looks much younger in her red dress. They seem to have misunderstood me. The meat will stay fresh for several days in the fridge. He never keeps angry for a long time. Observe and Discover： 1. 结构 动词不定式可以放在 be和 become, sound, taste 等__________后 面作表语，由“(to) +动词原形”构成。 2. 功能 Perhaps _______________________________________________ the development of Western painting over the centuries. 也许，了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方 绘画的发展。 ____________________________ your father for his opinion. 我的建议是问问你父亲的意见。 系动词 the best way to understand Western art is to look at What I would suggest is to ask 动词不定式 Observe and Discover： 动词不定式作表语 Tip 1：主语是以 __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 等为中心的名词词组时，或者以 ________________________ 表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。 principle, problem, reason, risk, role, task, thing, wish, aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, purpose, way 动词不定式 difficulty, experience, habit, job, method, what引导的名词性从句 有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括 what, who, how, when, where 等。 例如：The problem was how to begin. Observe and Discover： Tip 2：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_____或者主语被___________________或形容词________修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。 All he wanted was _______________. 他只想一个人待着。 The least I can do to help is ________________. 我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。 to be left alone to lend her a car all only, first, one, least 最高级 动词不定式 Observe and Discover： Tip 3： 动词不定式作表语可用于被动语态，相当于 _____________ ______________________，具有情态意义。 The regulations are __________________. = The regulations must be observed. You are _______________. = You should be rewarded. to be observed to be rewarded can / could, 动词不定式 should, ought to, must Observe and Discover： Tip 4： 动词不定式作表语可表示“__________________________________ _________________________”等。 ⑦ You must be patient and persistent if you are ___________. (愿望) 如果你想成功，你必须有耐心和恒心。 ⑧ You are _________ a face-to-face talk with them. (劝告) 你必须得和他们进行一次面对面的谈话。 意愿、禁止、预期的结果 to succeed to have 同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、 动词不定式 Observe and Discover： Tip 5： 某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示__________。 ⑨ Who is _____________ the fire? 谁应为这场大火承担责任？ ⑩ The house is _________. 此房出租。 to blame for to let 被动意义 动词不定式 Observe and Discover： 动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 3. 晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。 All we need to do is live each day with hope. What they attempted to do was draw public attention. In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper. 动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to: 1. 我们需要做的就是怀有希望过好每一天。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 他们试图做的是引起公众关注。 ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Observe and Discover： 动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致， 即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别 动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外: 当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。 Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice. 若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。 My favorite sport is swimming. What I hate most is being laughed at. Practice and Apply： The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in students. The duty of the police is to keep us safe. The suggestion for you is to study hard. Practice and Apply： My dream is ___________(become) a painter. My suggestion about improving English is ________(memorize) words every day. My duty is ____________(help) my students improve their English. My next plan is ____________(take) part in a competition. to come to memorize to help to take Practice and Apply： We are to travel in two years. (表想法) As planned, we are to hold the talent show today. (表计划，安排) You are to finish your homework on time. (表义务) Practice and Apply： Several problems remain . When I entered the room, she seemed 　　　　　　　(read) a novel. to be reading Something proved 　　　　　　　(go) wrong with that washing maching. to have gone to be settled Practice and Apply： IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Match the sentence halves and underline the key words of the subject in each sentence. Practice and Apply： IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII My biggest dream/ambition in life is to . I think all I have to do is . My plan is to I think one of the hardest things might be . I guess the best way to is to . be an influential painter devote myself to learning painting be admitted to a key university and major in to gain my parents’ recognition achieve my dream be persistent and do more practice Practice and Apply： Underline the nouns or clauses used as the subject in each sentence. Explain the meanings of the complete sentences. The young singer’s intention of performing the song was to share his love for rock music with his fans. The best way to do business is to build trust between you and your client. What the survivors attempted to do was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives. The main purpose of art education in schools is to inspire students to be creative. Practice and Apply： Underline the nouns or clauses used as the subject in each sentence. Explain the meanings of the complete sentences. The aim of the two leaders at the conference was to achieve permanent peace between their two countries. For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people. When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggeston is to listen to your own inner voice. The mother believes her duty is to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart. All he wanted after a tiring day was to be left alone. Practice and Apply： Read more sentences and discover more subjects: The plan was to test the new equipment and discuss the results. Their business is to sell foodstuffs. Her method is to make a child think and find his or her own solution. The order was to pursue the man and catch him immediately. Her habit is to put five lumps of sugar in her tea. Practice and Apply： My brother’s principle is to do everything himself and never ask for anyone’s help. Kelly’s only chance was to give evidence against Julian. Man’s true vocation is to cultivate the ground. My only concern was to get home after a hard day’s work. Our first thought was to leave the place as quickly as possible until we were caught in a storm. Read more sentences and discover more subjects: Attention： 不定式作表语 强调的是________________________的动作 动名词作表语 强调的是_______________________的动作 ①Our work is (serve)the people. ② My job today is ___________(clean) the classroom. His job is to paint the walls within two hours. His job is painting walls. 暂时的工作 日常的工作 serving to clean 一次性、具体的、将要发生 一般性、抽象的、经常发生 动词不定式作表语 1. 当主语是建议、目标与计划、梦想与愿望、职责时，表示主语的内容， 2. 以What引导的主语从句，说明主语的内容。 6. 主动形式表示被动意义 4. 表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等 3. 当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all 5. 用于被动语态，相当于can/could, should, ought to, must, 具有情态意义 Summary summary to do 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 1. 主语是以aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, purpose, suggestion, attempt等表示方式、目的、计划、梦想、责任等的名词词组 2.用于seem, appear, remain, prove, turn out等之后。 3. 用于表达想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。 4. what引导主语从句时 5. “疑问词+不定式” 也可以用作表语 不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式(do,did,does)，作表语的不定式常省略to。 Unit 1 Thank You ! Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 $$