精品解析：广东省惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学 2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级中段考英语试卷 (满分150分，考试用时120分钟) 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定的位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动， 先用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分60分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist, often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry. He developed a system of chemical symbols, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table. Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model, which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus. His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature. Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学). Together with his father William Henry Bragg, he developed the famous Bragg’s law. This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances, including DNA and proteins. 1. What do we say about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A. He invented a new chemical substance. B. He established the modern periodic table. C. He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D. He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2. Who was born in Ireland? A. Jons Jacob Berzelius. B. Niels Henrik David Bohr. C. Robert Boyle. D. William Lawrence Bragg. 3. What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A. They were born in Denmark. B. They made a contribution to physics. C. They discovered new models for chemistry. D. They did research together with their family. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个科学家和他们的成就。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Jöns Jacob Berzelius标题下的“Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist, often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry. He developed a system of chemical symbols, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table. Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.( Jöns雅各布·贝采里乌斯是一位瑞典化学家，通常被认为是现代化学的创始人之一。他发展了一套化学符号系统，为现代元素周期表的建立奠定了基础。贝采里乌斯在电化学领域也有重要发现。)”可知，他在电化学方面做出了重要发现。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle’s law.(罗伯特·波义耳，出生于爱尔兰，被认为是现代化学的奠基人之一，以波义耳定律而闻名。)”可知，罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的“His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. (他的模型有助于解释元素的光谱，并为原子物理学的进一步发展奠定了基础。)”和最后一段William Lawrence Bragg标题下的“William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学). Together with his father William Henry Bragg, he developed the famous Bragg’s law. This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances, including DNA and proteins. (威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格是一位出生于澳大利亚的英国物理学家，他与父亲威廉·亨利·布拉格一起发展了著名的布拉格定律，对X射线晶体学做出了重大贡献。这一发现彻底改变了晶体学领域，为确定包括DNA和蛋白质在内的各种物质的原子和分子结构铺平了道路。)”可知，他们都对物理做出了贡献。故选B。 B John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, and he and his father reached an agreement, and von Neumann went to study chemistry. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1930, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War Ⅱ (1931 — 1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 4. What did von Neumann’s father believe according to the text? A. A mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money. B. A mathematician needed a good memory. C. Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D. Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 5. When did von Neumann publish his first book? A. At the age of 25. B. At the age of 26. C. At the age of 29. D. At the age of 32. 6. What does the underlined word “firm” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Strong. B. Small. C. Famous. D. Weak. 7. Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A. Calm. B. Brave. C. Intelligent. D. Humorous. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名科学家约翰·冯·诺伊曼的生平经历、取得的重大成就以及一则有趣的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician (17岁时，他的父亲试图说服他不要成为一名数学家，因为他可能会过上贫穷的生活)”可知，冯·诺伊曼的父亲认为数学家往往过的是贫穷的生活，挣不了很多钱。故选A项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. (1926年，23岁的他获得了化学工程学位和数学博士学位)”和第二段中“His first book was published in 1932. (他的第一本书出版于1932年)”可知，冯·诺伊曼1926年时是23岁，他出版第一本书的时候是1932年，因此当时他29岁。故选C项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Von Neumann made several great contributions (冯·诺伊曼做出了几项伟大的贡献)”和下文“He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. (他被誉为20世纪最有才智的人之一)”可知，冯·诺伊曼做出了伟大的贡献，他的才智是举世公认的。由此推知，这些贡献为他在历史上赢得了稳固的地位，firm意思应该是“稳固的，牢固的”，与strong意思一致。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” (他这样报告了一起事故：“我在路上开车。右边的树以每小时60英里的速度有序地从我身边经过。突然，其中一个挡住了我的去路”)”可知，冯·诺依曼在报告开车事故时，将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒，让人忍俊不禁。由此可知，他非常幽默。故选D项。 C There are plenty of health benefits of spending time in the great outdoors. According to a study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research, people who grew up with access to nature may have better mental health as adults than those who did not. To test their hypothesis (假设) ，researchers sent questionnaires to 3, 585 adults aged 18 to 75 in four European cities on topics such as how often they visited natural spaces as children and now as adults. Participants were also given psychological test to determine the state of their mental health in the last month. Adults with low levels of nature exposure during childhood saw “significantly worse” mental health issues and did not view natural spaces as much importance in adulthood as those who spent more time growing up outside. Researchers say that their findings show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces as it relates to developing an appreciation of nature and healthy psychological state in adulthood. This is particularly significant, because almost three-quarters of Europeans currently live in urban areas with little access to green spaces. That number is expected to increase to 80 percent in the next three decades. Mental health has been shown to be negatively influenced by urban environments due to exposure to noise, crowds and a lack of green spaces among other things. Children who lead inactive lifestyles are more likely to have a lower quality of life and physical health. “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in," said study author Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal's Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative. "We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green schoolyards." 8. What inspiration do researchers take from their findings ? A. the health of children's psychology. B. the state of children's mental health. C. the development of nature appreciation. D. the importance of childhood exposure to nature. 9. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 ? A. Europeans prefer an inactive lifestyle. B. European Children are in good physical health. C. Europeans lack access to natural spaces. D. European Children probably suffer lower quality of life. 10. What in the future is the study most likely to influence according to the last paragraph? A. Urban planning. B. Economic policies. C. Child education. D. Local tourism. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. Indoor Activities Are Good for Children's Growth B. Living in Urban Areas Harms Psychological Health C. An Inactive Lifestyle Means a Lower Quality of Life D. Childhood Exposure to Nature Benefits Mental Health 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现那些从小接触大自然的人成年后可能比那些没有接触大自然的人有更好的心理健康，所以鼓励创造条件让孩子多参与户外活动。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers say that their findings show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces as it relates to developing an appreciation of nature and healthy psychological state in adulthood. (研究人员说，他们的发现显示了儿童时期接触自然空间的重要性，因为这关系到他们成年后对自然的欣赏和健康的心理状态) ”可知，研究者从研究结果中发现童年时接触自然的重要性，故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“This is particularly significant, because almost three-quarters of Europeans currently live in urban areas with little access to green spaces. That number is expected to increase to 80 percent in the next three decades. Mental health has been shown to be negatively influenced by urban environments due to exposure to noise, crowds and a lack of green spaces among other things. (这一点尤为重要，因为目前几乎有四分之三的欧洲人居住在城市地区，很少能接触自然环境。这一数字预计在未来30年将增加到80%。由于暴露于噪音、人群和缺乏自然环境等因素，城市环境对心理健康产生了负面影响) ”可知，欧洲大部分的人居住在城市里，欧洲人缺乏接触自然空间的途径。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in," said study author Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal's Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative. "We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green schoolyards." (ISGlobal城市规划、环境与健康倡议的负责人、研究报告的作者MarkNieuwenhuijsen说： “欧洲的许多儿童都是室内生活方式，因此最好能让他们在户外的自然环境中玩耍，既有吸引力又安全。我们呼吁政策制定者提高儿童自然空间和绿色校园的可用性”)”可知，欧洲孩子们渴望过户外生活，渴望自然的户外生活环境，所以号召政策的制定者，要在城市规划中，增加孩子们户外活动的可用的自然空间。所以这项研究在未来最可能影响的就是城市规划。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are plenty of health benefits of spending time in the great outdoors. According to a study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research, people who grew up with access to nature may have better mental health as adults than those who did not. (在户外度过的时间对健康有很多好处。根据发表在《国际环境健康研究杂志》上的一项研究，那些从小接触大自然的人成年后可能比那些没有接触大自然的人有更好的心理健康)”表明一项研究结果，儿童时期接触大自然有益于心理健康，接下来用研究证实这个结论，结合上面小题分析，就是因为这个研究结果，呼吁欧洲针对儿童缺乏接触自然的情况，在城市规划中，增加孩子们户外活动的可用的自然空间。所以，整篇文章都是围绕这个研究结论展开，所以选项D “儿童时期接触大自然有益于心理健康”，最能概括文章大意，是最合适的标题，故选D。 D Robots did not write this sentence, or any other part of Nature. But that could change. Dramatic shifts in labor are reshaping society, the environment and the political landscape. Consider this disorienting estimate from the World Economic Forum: 65% of the children entering primary schools now will grow up to work in jobs that do not yet exist. This week, Nature asks, “What light is research shedding on the future of work, and how will the changes affect scientists’ working world?” A news feature explores which jobs are most at risk of being replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning, whether a gig economy (零工经济) will democratize (普及) work, and what programs will best prepare workers. “There’s a huge need and a huge opportunity to study the changes,” says economist Erik Brynjolfsson. And the scientific workforce is feeling these shifts. A career feature reports people doing research outside the traditional career path. “I love freedom,” says Cecile Menard, an independent land-surface modeller in Edinburgh, the UK, “but for other people, it may be too stressful.” Important lessons can be drawn from the past. Economic historian Robert Allen synthesizes (综合) three centuries of data to see when and where the relationship between wages and productivity is most like today’s and finds that some regions are in uncharted (未标注的) waters. These changes call for new socio-economic models and a revolution in education, concludes historian Yuval Noah Harari. And economist Ian Goldin argues that our era has more parallels with the Renaissance than the Industrial Revolution, This time, he urges, knowledge and enquiry must find a way to conquer prejudice and ignorance. 12. According to the estimate of the World Economic Forum, _______. A. 65% of the children will find new jobs B. some new jobs will appear in the future C. robots will replace humans in the future D. future jobs will remain the same as the present ones 13. What’s Cecile Menard’s attitude to the changes in future work? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent. 14. How does the author organize the last paragraph? A. By making comparison. B. By offering some examples. C. By listing some important data. D. By analyzing the cause and effect. 15. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How to Work Well B. The Past of Work C. The Benefit of Work D. The Future of Work 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着技术的发展和人工智能进入人们的生活，未来社会人们的工作、生活以及环境等都会得到重组，这是人们对未来工作的预测。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Consider this disorienting estimate from the World Economic Forum: 65% of the children entering primary schools now will grow up to work in jobs that do not yet exist. (考虑一下世界经济论坛提出的这个令人困惑的估计：现在开始上小学的儿童中，有65%长大后将从事目前还不存在的工作)”可知，未来会出现一些新的工作。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段““I love freedom,” says Cecile Menard, an independent land-surface modeller in Edinburgh, the UK, “but for other people, it may be too stressful.” (“我喜欢自由”，在英国爱丁堡从事独立地表建模工作的Cecile Menard说，“但对其他人来说，这可能会太有压力”)”可知，她享受独立研究带来的自由，这表明她对未来的变动持有积极的态度。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“other people, it may be too stressful.” Important lessons can be drawn from the past. Economic historian Robert Allen synthesizes three centuries of data to see when and where the relationship between wages and productivity is most like today’s and finds that some regions are in uncharted (未标注的) waters. These changes call for new socio-economic models and a revolution in education, concludes historian Yuval Noah Harari. And economist Ian Goldin argues that our era has more parallels with the Renaissance than the Industrial Revolution, This time, he urges, knowledge and enquiry must find a way to conquer prejudice and ignorance. (可以从过去汲取重要的教训。经济历史学家Robert Allen综合了三个世纪的数据，以确定工资与生产力之间的关系何时何地最类似于今天的情况，并发现一些地区正处于未知的领域。这些变化要求新的社会经济模型和教育革命，历史学家Yuval Noah Harari总结道。经济学家Ian Goldin认为，我们的时代与文艺复兴时期有更多的相似之处，而非工业革命时期。他强调，这一次，知识和探究必须找到方法来克服偏见和无知)”可知，作者首先概括了人们可以从过去吸取教训，然后列举了经济学家和历史学家的具体做法来说明，因此本段主要使用了举例子的论证手法。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第一段“Consider this disorienting estimate from the World Economic Forum: 65% of the children entering primary schools now will grow up to work in jobs that do not yet exist. (考虑一下世界经济论坛提出的这个令人困惑的估计：现在开始上小学的儿童中，有65%长大后将从事目前还不存在的工作)”以及第二段“A news feature explores which jobs are most at risk of being replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning, whether a gig economy will democratize work, and what programs will best prepare workers. (一篇新闻特写探讨了哪些工作最有可能被人工智能和机器学习所取代，零工经济是否会普及工作机会，以及什么样的项目能最好地为工作者做好准备)”可知，文章主要说明了随着技术的发展和人工智能进入人们的生活，未来社会人们的工作、生活以及环境等都会得到重组，这是人们对未来工作的预测。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. ____16____ Curiosity. ____17____ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. ____18____ If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____19____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. ____20____ An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new. A. Working habits. B. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. C. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. D. You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science. E. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. F. Working time. G. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. 【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向读者介绍了优秀的科学家应该具有的性格特征与优秀品质。 【16题详解】 根据上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. (字典将科学家定义为对一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学具有专业知识的人。它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人)”并结合下文介绍的科学家应有的特征可知，空处句子应起到承上启下的作用，G项“让我们来看看优秀科学家的一些特征”符合题意，引出下文。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据小标题“Curiosity(好奇心)”以及下文“Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.(像托马斯·爱迪生和乔治·威斯汀豪斯这样的科学家发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的)”可知，科学家都对于这个世界的一切未知抱有想知道的欲望，对于一切有好奇心，这是他们发现新事物的原因，C选项中的关键词“be very curious about things”与小标题和下文都有对应关系，C项符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.(成为一名科学家需要很长时间。很少有工作需要比这更长的时间)”以及下文“If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.(如果你是一个即时满足型的人，这可能不是你最好的选择)”可知，上文中关键词“takes a long time”与下文关键词“an instant-gratification type of person”、“not be the best choice for you”与D选项“have much scientific research to do”有对应关系，表明成为科学家需要长时间需要耐心，D项符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.(为了真正发现和利用知识造福人类，科学家必须有改善人们生活和环境的愿望，因为它们是相互联系的，从长远来看，它们会相互影响)”以及下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观念是不诚实的)”可知，科学家需要有更高社会责任心与道德价值观，这与B项“A scientist must report findings honestly”有对应关系，B项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，无论个人利益或公众舆论如何。”符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据下文“An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new.(一位优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果，将其牢记在心并记录下来。他/她可以根据需要单独或分组工作，还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法。人际网络将他/她与从事类似项目的同事联系在一起，在这些项目中他/她可能会发现一些新的东西）”可知，本段主要介绍科学家应有好的工作习惯，即便是细微之处都会记录下来，这将有助他/她的工作和发现，A项“工作习惯”符合题意。故选A项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分70分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dennis Hong designs and makes human-like robots. Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable or ____21____ to do. When he was seven years old, he was ____22____ by two robots in a movie. On the way back home in the car, he told his parents that he was going to become a(n)____23____. As Hong became older, he started to ____24____ what engineering actually is. When he was in elementary school, he ____25____ math. He got all A’s in science, but his math result was really ____26____. His father told him that engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a ____27____ and mathematics as a language. Even though he disliked math, he realized that he had to study it harder to follow his ____28____ of becoming an engineer. Hong thinks ____29____ come from everywhere and at any time. His three-legged robot STriDER is a fantastic ____30____. Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her ____31____. She had three strands (股) of it, and then put one strand through the other two. ____32____, the hair started to look like legs for Hong. He ____33____ designing STriDER after braided hair. Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the ____34____ that came before them. However, if the robot doesn’t fall or ____35____, he doesn’t get to learn anything. 21. A. unwilling B. unlucky C. confident D. free 22. A. protected B. impressed C. comforted D. supported 23. A. engineer B. astronaut C. hairdresser D. teacher 24. A. change B. doubt C. remember D. learn 25. A. enjoyed B. understood C. ignored D. chose 26. A. familiar B. perfect C. unsatisfactory D. irregular 27. A. secret B. tool C. belief D. goal 28. A. dream B. order C. question D. recommendation 29. A. truths B. responsibilities C. ideas D. principles 30. A. image B. sign C. example D. wish 31. A. rope B. cloth C. sweater D. hair 32. A. Absolutely B. Suddenly C. Originally D. Exactly 33. A. gave up B. ended up C. kept on D. put off 34. A. arguments B. adventures C. failures D. performances 35. A. break B. protest C. hesitate D. disappear 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dennis Hong从小就梦想着成为工程师，经过不断努力最终实现梦想。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hong指出，机器人是一种智能机器，能够完成人类通常无法或不愿意完成工作。A. unwilling不乐意的；B. unlucky不幸运地；C. confident自信的；D. free自由的。由上文“Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable or”和常识可知，机器人能够完成人类通常无法或不愿意完成的工作。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 当他七岁的时候，他被一部电影中的两个机器人印象深刻。A. protected保护；B. impressed给……留下印象；C. comforted安慰；D. supported支持。由下文“by two robots in a movie.”和下文提到的他成为了工程师可知，他对一部电影中的两个机器人印象深刻，立志成为工程师，be impressed by固定搭配，意为“对……印象深刻”，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开车回家的路上，他告诉父母他要成为一名工程师。A. engineer工程师；B. astronaut宇航员；C. hairdresser理发师；D. teacher老师。由下文“what engineering actually is”可知，他要成为一名工程师，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着Hong长大，他开始了解工程学究竟是什么。A. change改变；B. doubt怀疑；C. remember记住；D. learn学习，了解。由下文“what engineering actually is.”和上文提到的他要成为工程师可知，要想成为工程师，得需要了解工程学究竟学什么，故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他上小学的时候，他忽略了数学。A. enjoyed喜欢；B. understood理解；C. ignored忽视；D. chose选择。由下文“He got all A’s in science, but his math result was really”和“ Even though he disliked math,”可知，他不喜欢数学，所以此处指忽略了数学，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的科学成绩全是A，但他的数学成绩真的不令人满意。A. familiar熟悉的；B. perfect完美的；C. unsatisfactory不满意的；D. irregular不规则的。由上文“He got all A’s in science, but his math result was really”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，他科学一直很好，但是数学成绩不令人不满意，下文“Even though he disliked math”也是提示，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲告诉他，工程师们用科学作为工具，用数学作为语言来解决世界上的问题。A. secret秘密；B. tool工具；C. belief信任；D. goal目标。由上文“engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a”可知，工程师使用科学作为工具。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他不喜欢数学，但他意识到他必须更加努力地学习才能实现成为一名工程师的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. order顺序；C. question问题；D. recommendation推荐。根据上文提到的他想成为一名工程师可知，此处指成为工程师是他的梦想。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hong认为想法来自任何地方和任何时间。A. truths事实；B. responsibilities责任；C. ideas主意，想法；D. principles原则。由下文“His three-legged robot STriDER”可知，他发明了一个三条腿的机器人，这很有创意，由此可知，此处指创意，想法来自任何地方和任何时间，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的三足机器人STriDER就是一个很好的例子。A. image图像；B. sign标志；C. example例子；D. wish愿望。上文提到Hong认为想法来自任何地方和任何时间，结合下文他描述自己发明三足机器人的经历可知，他用自己的发明的三足机器人来证明此观点，由此可知，此处指他的三足机器人 STriDER 就是一个很好的例子，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 有一次，他看见一位老太太在编头发。A. rope绳子；B. cloth布料；C. sweater毛衣；D. hair头发。由下文“the hair started to look like legs for Hong”可知，此处指编头发，hair是同词复现，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然间，对于Hong来说，头发变得像腿一样。A. Absolutely绝对；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Originally最初；D. Exactly准确地。上文“Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her”提到老妇人在编头发，Hong突然间出现了灵感，这三股头发对于他来说就像三条腿，随后发明了三足机器人，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意： 他最终以编发为灵感设计了STriDER。A. gave up放弃；B. ended up结束；C. kept on继续；D. put off推迟。上文“the hair started to look like legs for Hong”提到Hong看到老妇人将头发分成三股编头发，突然间灵感来了，三股头发对于他就像三条腿，最终他发明了机器人STriDER，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hong说，社交媒体上的人们渴望看到他的成功，而不是他们之前的一次次失败。A. arguments争论；B. adventures冒险；C. failures失败；D. performances表演。由上文“Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the”和“that came before them”以及“if the robot doesn’t fall”可知，在STriDER机器人成功设计出来之前，它会摔倒，这说明成功之前会有一次次的失败，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果机器人没有摔倒或摔坏，他就不会学到任何东西。A. break摔碎；B. protest抗议；C. hesitate犹豫；D. disappear消失。由上文“if the robot doesn’t fall or”可知，在发明机器人时，机器人会出故障，即摔倒或摔碎，但是这会让设计者从中学到很多，故选A。 第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Northwest China’s Gansu Province lies Zhangye National Geopark, ____36____ is blessed with a splendid Danxia landform area ____37____ (cover) about 1,289 square kilometers. The Danxia landforms are a masterpiece of nature. The colorful mountain ridges are just like an overturned palette(调色板) from heaven. Bands of fiery red, creamy orange, rich green and bright yellow streak across the mountain, forming what is known ____38____ the most beautiful rainbow mountain. The incredible landscapes ____39____ (create) by sandstone and minerals years ago due to tectonic(地壳构造上的) plate movements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into ____40____ (vary) shapes, including towers, pillars and valleys. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 and a national geopark in 2011, the landform has become a top tourist ____41____ (attract). The park features ____42____ series of boardwalks that allow visitors ____43____ (walk) around the colorful sandstone landscapes. There are viewing platforms ____44____ (special) designed, enabling tourists to get close to the hills and feast their eyes on the magnificent sights without damaging the fragile ecosystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making ____45____ easy for tourists to get around the park. 【答案】36. which 37. covering 38. as 39. were created 40. various##varied 41. attraction 42. a 43. to walk 44. specially 45. it 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍位于中国西北部的甘肃省张掖国家地质公园里的丹霞地貌。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：张掖国家地质公园位于中国西北部的甘肃省，这里拥有一个壮丽的丹霞地貌区，面积约1289平方公里。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhangye National Geopark，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处在句子中为非谓语，非谓语动词cover和Zhangye National Geopark之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填covering。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：火焰般的红色、奶油般的橙色、浓郁的绿色和明亮的黄色条带横跨山脉，构成了这被誉为最美丽的彩虹山。固定短语be known as译为“被誉为；因……而著名”。故填as。 【39题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：由于板块运动，砂岩和矿物多年来相互堆积，形成了令人难以置信的景观。由years ago可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词create和主语landscapes之间是被动关系，主语为复数。故填were created。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：风、雨和时间将岩石和起伏的山丘雕刻成各种不同寻常的形状，包括塔、柱和山谷的样子。修饰名词shapes应用形容词，“各种各样的”译为various/varied。故填various/varied。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：该地貌在2010年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产，并在2011年被评为国家地质公园，现已成为顶级旅游景点。由a可知，空处应用其名词单数attraction作表语。故填attraction。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：该公园特色在于一系列的木板步道，让游客可以漫步于多彩的砂岩地貌之中。固定短语a series of译为“一系列”。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。固定短语allow sb. to do sth译为“允许某人做某事”。故填to walk。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：那里有特别设计的观景平台，使游客能够在不破坏脆弱生态系统的情况下，近距离接近山丘并尽情欣赏壮丽的景色。空处应用副词修饰动词designed。故填specially。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：提供有穿梭巴士服务，使得游客在公园内游玩变得十分便捷。空处应用it作形式宾语，真正宾语为动词不定式to get around the park。故填it。 第三节 请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。(共6小题;每小题2分，满分12分) 46. As you have a ________ (prefer) for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preference 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于您对传统中国文化有偏好，您的建议对我们来说将非常有帮助。 根据句意和句子结构，此处考查动词短语have a preference for，意为“偏爱；对……有偏好”，设空处为名词preference，单数形式，作have的宾语。故填preference。 47. Based on ____________ (science) research, the report is reliable and convincing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】scientific 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该报告基于科学研究，可靠可信。根据句意和空格后的名词research可知，空格处应该用形容词scientific作定语，修饰后面的名词research。故填scientific。 48. Look at these little kittens. Are they ____________ (adore)? (所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】adorable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看看这些小猫，它们可爱吗？由Are they可知，空处应用形容词形式adorable作表语，表示“可爱的”。故填adorable。 49. So far this idea has met little ____________ (resist). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】resistance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，这个想法几乎没有遇到阻力。由little可知，空处应用名词resistance作宾语，为不可数名词。故填resistance。 50. I must ________ (apology) for missing our appointment yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】apologise##apologize 【解析】 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：我必须为错过昨天的约会道歉。此处是谓语动词，应用动词apologise/apologize，情态动词must后接动词原形。故填apologise/apologize。 51. Seeing that Jane is doing her homework, her mother left the study slowly and ____________ (gentle). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】gently 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：看到简正在做作业，她妈妈慢慢地轻轻地离开了书房。空格处修饰上文的动词left，作状语，应该用副词gently。故填gently。 第四节 阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。(共7小题：每小题2分，满分14分) 选词填空 take up a position; live off; appeal to; in this sense; keep in touch with; commit oneself to; as a matter of fact 52. It’s a movie that will ____________ (吸引) the young. 53. ____________ (事实上), no one can win all the time. 54. They find it hard to ____________ (依靠……生活) the money they make. 55. I have ____________ (承诺) accepting her invitation and cannot draw back. 56. ____________ (从这种意义上来讲), travel enriches our knowledge and broadens our mind. 57. He left the career in teaching and ____________ (任职) in an export company. 58. It’s not easy to ____________ (与……保持联系) friends when they are far away, however, they are always on my mind. 【答案】52. appeal to 53. As a matter of fact 54. live off 55. committed myself to 56. In this sense 57. took up a position 58. keep in touch with 【解析】 【52题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这部电影年轻人会感兴趣。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词短语appeal to作谓语；由空格前的will可知，appeal用动词原形。故填appeal to。 【53题详解】 考查固定短语句意：事实上，没有人能一直赢。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用短语as a matter of fact作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填As a matter of fact。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他们发现靠自己挣的钱生活很困难。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词短语live off；由空格前的不定式符号to可知，live用动词原形。故填live off。 【55题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我已答应接受她的邀请，不能反悔。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词短语commit myself to作谓语；由空格前的助动词have可知，commit应该用过去分词形式committed，构成现在完成时。故填committed myself to。 【56题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：从这个意义上说，旅行丰富了我们的知识，开阔了我们的视野。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用介词短语in this sense作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填In this sense。 【57题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他辞去了教学工作，在一家出口公司找到了一份工作。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词短语take up a position作谓语；根据句中的left可知，描述过去发生的事用一般过去时。故填took up a position。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：与远方的朋友保持联系是不容易的，然而，他们总是在我的脑海里。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词短语keep in touch with；由空格前的不定式符号to可知，keep用动词原形。故填keep in touch with。 第五节 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共7小题;每小题2分，满分14分) 59. China, ________ was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1949年成立的中国正变得越来越强大。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是China，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 60. Just __________ the old saying goes, “Each coin has two sides.” (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意:正如一句老话所说,任何事都具有两面性 。表示“正如一句老话所说”时，常用句型是as the old saying goes。故填as。 61. I am grateful to my teacher, __________ encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持帮助我发现了自己的潜能。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是my teacher，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰名词encouragement and support，因此应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 62. We will always remember the moment, __________ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远记住我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 63. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of __________ recovered. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。此处用“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句来修饰先行词patients，并作介词of的宾语，先行词指人，用whom引导从句。故填whom。 64. ______(have) breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃早餐可以帮助你在课堂上集中注意力，学习更有效率。此处应该填入主语，动名词可以作为主语，再根据提示，故填Having。 65. Of course, ________(enjoy) a nice meal with friends can have a great effect on our spirits. (用所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】enjoying 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，和朋友一起享受一顿美餐对我们的精神有很大的影响。此处填入的词，需要在句中作为主语，动名词可以作为主语，再根据提示enjoy，故填enjoying。 第三部分 写作(满分20分) 66. 近日，你们班就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”进行了一次讨论，请根据以下内容，给学校英文报编辑写一篇短文。 （1）64%的学生支持，他们认为跑操可以增强体质，激励精神。 （2）近三分之一的学生持反对观点，认为天气寒冷，学业繁重，没必要非得坚持。 （3）你的看法。 注意：（1）词数80左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. Views are divided on this topic. 64% of the students voted for the activity. They think that the activity can inspire our desire to study as well as assuring our physical health. Oppositely nearly one third are against it owing to the cold weather and heavy schoolwork. As far as I’m concerned, this activity should be carried out, because it’s an ideal way to relieve stress and give us the power to defend us against tension and anxiety. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就班级开展有关“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”的讨论情况，给学校英文报编辑写一篇短文。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 观点：views→ opinions 激发：inspire → arouse 因为：owing to→ because of 释放：relieve →release 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. 拓展句：Recently an activity about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school was held, which led to a heated discussion. 【点睛】[高分句型1]They think that the activity can inspire our desire to study as well as assuring our physical health. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]As far as I’m concerned, this activity should be carried out,because it’s an ideal way to relieve stress and give us the power to defend us against tension and anxiety.(运用了情态动词构成的被动语态和because引导的状语从句以及不定式作后置定语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学 2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级中段考英语试卷 (满分150分，考试用时120分钟) 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定的位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动， 先用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分60分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist, often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry. He developed a system of chemical symbols, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table. Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model, which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus. His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature. Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学). Together with his father William Henry Bragg, he developed the famous Bragg’s law. This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances, including DNA and proteins. 1. What do we say about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A. He invented a new chemical substance. B. He established the modern periodic table. C. He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D. He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2. Who was born in Ireland? A. Jons Jacob Berzelius. B. Niels Henrik David Bohr. C. Robert Boyle. D. William Lawrence Bragg. 3. What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A. They were born in Denmark. B. They made a contribution to physics. C. They discovered new models for chemistry. D. They did research together with their family. B John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, and he and his father reached an agreement, and von Neumann went to study chemistry. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1930, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War Ⅱ (1931 — 1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 4. What did von Neumann’s father believe according to the text? A. A mathematician couldn’t earn a lot of money. B. A mathematician needed a good memory. C. Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D. Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 5. When did von Neumann publish his first book? A. At the age of 25. B. At the age of 26. C. At the age of 29. D. At the age of 32. 6. What does the underlined word “firm” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Strong. B. Small. C. Famous. D. Weak. 7. Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A. Calm. B. Brave. C. Intelligent. D. Humorous. C There are plenty of health benefits of spending time in the great outdoors. According to a study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research, people who grew up with access to nature may have better mental health as adults than those who did not. To test their hypothesis (假设) ，researchers sent questionnaires to 3, 585 adults aged 18 to 75 in four European cities on topics such as how often they visited natural spaces as children and now as adults. Participants were also given psychological test to determine the state of their mental health in the last month. Adults with low levels of nature exposure during childhood saw “significantly worse” mental health issues and did not view natural spaces as much importance in adulthood as those who spent more time growing up outside. Researchers say that their findings show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces as it relates to developing an appreciation of nature and healthy psychological state in adulthood. This is particularly significant, because almost three-quarters of Europeans currently live in urban areas with little access to green spaces. That number is expected to increase to 80 percent in the next three decades. Mental health has been shown to be negatively influenced by urban environments due to exposure to noise, crowds and a lack of green spaces among other things. Children who lead inactive lifestyles are more likely to have a lower quality of life and physical health. “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in," said study author Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal's Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative. "We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green schoolyards." 8 What inspiration do researchers take from their findings ? A. the health of children's psychology. B. the state of children's mental health. C. the development of nature appreciation. D the importance of childhood exposure to nature. 9. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 ? A. Europeans prefer an inactive lifestyle. B. European Children are in good physical health. C. Europeans lack access to natural spaces. D. European Children probably suffer lower quality of life. 10. What in the future is the study most likely to influence according to the last paragraph? A. Urban planning. B. Economic policies. C. Child education. D. Local tourism. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A Indoor Activities Are Good for Children's Growth B. Living in Urban Areas Harms Psychological Health C. An Inactive Lifestyle Means a Lower Quality of Life D. Childhood Exposure to Nature Benefits Mental Health D Robots did not write this sentence, or any other part of Nature. But that could change. Dramatic shifts in labor are reshaping society, the environment and the political landscape. Consider this disorienting estimate from the World Economic Forum: 65% of the children entering primary schools now will grow up to work in jobs that do not yet exist. This week, Nature asks, “What light is research shedding on the future of work, and how will the changes affect scientists’ working world?” A news feature explores which jobs are most at risk of being replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning, whether a gig economy (零工经济) will democratize (普及) work, and what programs will best prepare workers. “There’s a huge need and a huge opportunity to study the changes,” says economist Erik Brynjolfsson. And the scientific workforce is feeling these shifts. A career feature reports people doing research outside the traditional career path. “I love freedom,” says Cecile Menard, an independent land-surface modeller in Edinburgh, the UK, “but for other people, it may be too stressful.” Important lessons can be drawn from the past. Economic historian Robert Allen synthesizes (综合) three centuries of data to see when and where the relationship between wages and productivity is most like today’s and finds that some regions are in uncharted (未标注的) waters. These changes call for new socio-economic models and a revolution in education, concludes historian Yuval Noah Harari. And economist Ian Goldin argues that our era has more parallels with the Renaissance than the Industrial Revolution, This time, he urges, knowledge and enquiry must find a way to conquer prejudice and ignorance. 12. According to the estimate of the World Economic Forum, _______. A. 65% of the children will find new jobs B. some new jobs will appear in the future C. robots will replace humans in the future D. future jobs will remain the same as the present ones 13. What’s Cecile Menard’s attitude to the changes in future work? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent. 14. How does the author organize the last paragraph? A. By making comparison. B. By offering some examples. C. By listing some important data. D. By analyzing the cause and effect. 15. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How to Work Well B. The Past of Work C The Benefit of Work D. The Future of Work 第二节 (共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. ____16____ Curiosity. ____17____ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. ____18____ If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____19____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. ____20____ An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new. A. Working habits. B. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. C. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. D. You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science. E. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. F. Working time. G. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分70分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dennis Hong designs and makes human-like robots. Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable or ____21____ to do. When he was seven years old, he was ____22____ by two robots in a movie. On the way back home in the car, he told his parents that he was going to become a(n)____23____. As Hong became older, he started to ____24____ what engineering actually is. When he was in elementary school, he ____25____ math. He got all A’s in science, but his math result was really ____26____. His father told him that engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a ____27____ and mathematics as a language. Even though he disliked math, he realized that he had to study it harder to follow his ____28____ of becoming an engineer. Hong thinks ____29____ come from everywhere and at any time. His three-legged robot STriDER is a fantastic ____30____. Once he saw an elderly lady dealing with her ____31____. She had three strands (股) of it, and then put one strand through the other two. ____32____, the hair started to look like legs for Hong. He ____33____ designing STriDER after braided hair. Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the ____34____ that came before them. However, if the robot doesn’t fall or ____35____, he doesn’t get to learn anything. 21. A. unwilling B. unlucky C. confident D. free 22. A. protected B. impressed C. comforted D. supported 23. A. engineer B. astronaut C. hairdresser D. teacher 24. A. change B. doubt C. remember D. learn 25. A. enjoyed B. understood C. ignored D. chose 26. A. familiar B. perfect C. unsatisfactory D. irregular 27. A. secret B. tool C. belief D. goal 28. A. dream B. order C. question D. recommendation 29. A. truths B. responsibilities C. ideas D. principles 30. A. image B. sign C. example D. wish 31. A. rope B. cloth C. sweater D. hair 32. A. Absolutely B. Suddenly C. Originally D. Exactly 33. A. gave up B. ended up C. kept on D. put off 34. A. arguments B. adventures C. failures D. performances 35. A. break B. protest C. hesitate D. disappear 第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Northwest China’s Gansu Province lies Zhangye National Geopark, ____36____ is blessed with a splendid Danxia landform area ____37____ (cover) about 1,289 square kilometers. The Danxia landforms are a masterpiece of nature. The colorful mountain ridges are just like an overturned palette(调色板) from heaven. Bands of fiery red, creamy orange, rich green and bright yellow streak across the mountain, forming what is known ____38____ the most beautiful rainbow mountain. The incredible landscapes ____39____ (create) by sandstone and minerals years ago due to tectonic(地壳构造上的) plate movements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into ____40____ (vary) shapes, including towers, pillars and valleys. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 and a national geopark in 2011, the landform has become a top tourist ____41____ (attract). The park features ____42____ series of boardwalks that allow visitors ____43____ (walk) around the colorful sandstone landscapes. There are viewing platforms ____44____ (special) designed, enabling tourists to get close to the hills and feast their eyes on the magnificent sights without damaging the fragile ecosystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making ____45____ easy for tourists to get around the park. 第三节 请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。(共6小题;每小题2分，满分12分) 46. As you have a ________ (prefer) for traditional Chinese culture, your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 47. Based on ____________ (science) research, the report is reliable and convincing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Look at these little kittens. Are they ____________ (adore)? (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. So far this idea has met little ____________ (resist). (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. I must ________ (apology) for missing our appointment yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. Seeing that Jane is doing her homework, her mother left the study slowly and ____________ (gentle). (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四节 阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。(共7小题：每小题2分，满分14分) 选词填空 take up a position; live off; appeal to; in this sense; keep in touch with; commit oneself to; as a matter of fact 52. It’s a movie that will ____________ (吸引) the young. 53. ____________ (事实上), no one can win all the time. 54. They find it hard to ____________ (依靠……生活) the money they make. 55. I have ____________ (承诺) accepting her invitation and cannot draw back. 56. ____________ (从这种意义上来讲), travel enriches our knowledge and broadens our mind. 57. He left the career in teaching and ____________ (任职) in an export company. 58. It’s not easy to ____________ (与……保持联系) friends when they are far away, however, they are always on my mind. 第五节 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共7小题;每小题2分，满分14分) 59. China, ________ was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. (用适当的词填空) 60. Just __________ the old saying goes, “Each coin has two sides.” (用适当的词填空) 61. I am grateful to my teacher, __________ encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. (用适当的词填空) 62. We will always remember the moment, __________ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. (用适当的词填空) 63. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of __________ recovered. (用适当的词填空) 64. ______(have) breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 65. Of course, ________(enjoy) a nice meal with friends can have a great effect on our spirits. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 第三部分 写作(满分20分) 66. 近日，你们班就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”进行了一次讨论，请根据以下内容，给学校英文报编辑写一篇短文。 （1）64%的学生支持，他们认为跑操可以增强体质，激励精神。 （2）近三分之一的学生持反对观点，认为天气寒冷，学业繁重，没必要非得坚持。 （3）你的看法。 注意：（1）词数80左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$