系动词和基本助动词 知识清单-2025届高三英语一轮复习

6类系动词 （不能独立作谓语） ① 状态系动词 be 1. She is beautiful! 1. He is a teacher. ② 变化系动词 常见短语： get lost 迷路 get ready 准备好 get changed 换衣服; 变化; 洗漱梳妆; 更衣 short 缺乏 get dressed 穿衣服 go mad /hungry / bad 发疯/挨饿/变坏 stand still 站着不动 keep clean and tidy 保持整洁 keep calm 保持冷静 stay fresh 保持新鲜 come true 实现 fall asleep/ill 入睡/生病 get separated 分开，分离 例句： 0. The radio’s gone wrong.  收音机出毛病了。 0. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。 0. He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college.   0. He became a writer after graduating from college 5. 表示变成什么样的人常用become和turn，但turn后面作表语的名词前多不用冠词。 He used to be a worker till he turned writer. 在成为作家前他是一个工人。 0. She was becoming confused.她开始糊涂了 0. He's growing old.  他正在变老 0. He fell ill yesterday. 昨天他病倒了。   0. Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。 0. The food has run short.   粮食已经不够了。 0. Days are getting warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。 ③ 持续系动词 0. The noise kept him awake.  噪音使他一直醒着。 0. He never stays angry for long. 他生气时间从来不会长。 0. The three men remained silent. 这3个人保持沉默。 0. The picture lay hidden in the archives for over 40 years.  这张画在档案室藏了40多年。 ④ 表像系动词 0. He appears angry.他看上去很生气。 0. He seems to be asleep. 他似乎睡着了。 ⑤ 感官系动词 0. The picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画从远处看更好。 0. It smells terrible. 真臭。 0. It tastes delicious.  真好吃。 0. Your idea sounds great. 你的主意听起来不错。 0. The material feels nice.  这料子摸起来不错。 ⑥ 终止系动词 0. Tom turned out (to be) a thief. 汤姆原来是个贼。 0. His theory proved (to be) correct. 结果证明他的理论正确。 4类基本助动词 1. be （助力实义动词2个方面：时态＋语态） 0. The city is attacked.（现在时） 0. The city was attacked.（过去时） 0. The city will be attacked.（将来时） 0. He was singing.(过去的某个时间） 0. He is singing.(现在） 0. He will be singing.(将来的某个时间） 2. do 助力实义动词2个方面： ①与动词原形搭配构成一般现在时或一般过去时的疑问句和否定句时态＋语 态； ②用在实义动词前起强调作用。 例句： 0. Do you do the shopping once a week?(构成疑问句，前一个do是助动词，后一个do是实义动词) 0. He didn't know when to set off.(构成否定句） 0. The farmer did drive the cattle into the field.(译为：确实，的确。表强调） 3.have 助力实义动词1个方面： 构成完成时，表示某事已完成 或表示一直持续的动作。 0. She has written a letter.(现在完成时） 0. I had written a letter.(过去完成时) 0. I shall have got up when you call on me at six.(将来完成时) 0. I have been writing a letter for an hour.到现在为止我已经写了一个小时的信了。（直到现在） 0. He had been practising music till midnight.他练习音乐一直到半夜。(直到过去那时） 0. I shall have been learning Japanese for five years by 2019.到2019年，我学日语就已经达到5年了。（到将来某时） 4.will/shall 助力实义动词1个方面：构成将来时 0. He shall come.　他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。） 　 0. He will come.　他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$