Unit 1 讲义2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on summer vacation? Part Ⅰ 必背清单 · 重点单词 anyone / eniwʌn/ pron.任何人 anywhere / eniweə(r)/ adv.任何地方 wonderful / wʌndəfl/ adj.精彩的；绝妙的 few/ fju:/adj.&pron.不多；很少 quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词) most /məʊst/ adj.，adv.&pron.最多；大多数 something / sʌmθɪŋ/ pron.某事；某物 nothing / nʌθɪŋ/ pron.没什么；没有一件东西 everyone / evriwʌn/ pron.每人；人人；所有人 of course /əvkɔ:s/ 当然；自然 myself /maɪ self/ pron.我自己；我本人 yourself /jɔ: self/ pron.你自己；您自己 hen /hen/ n.母鸡 pig /pɪg/n.猪 seem /si:m/ vi.好像;似乎；看来 bored /bɔ:d/ adj.厌倦的；烦闷的 someone / sʌmwʌn/ pron.某人 diary / daɪəri/ n.日记；日记簿 activity /æk tɪvəti/ n.活动 decide /dɪ saɪd/ v.决定；选定 try /traɪ/ v.尝试；设法；努力 paragliding / pærəɡlaɪdɪŋ/ n.空中滑翔跳伞 feel like 给……的感觉；感受到 bird /bɜ:d/ n.鸟 bicycle / baɪsɪkl/ n.自行车；脚踏车 building / bɪldɪŋ/ n.建筑物；房子 trader / treɪdə(r)/ n.商人 wonder / wʌndə(r)/ v.想知道；琢磨 difference / dɪfrəns/ n.差别；差异 top /tɒp/ n.顶部；表面 wait /weɪt/ v.等待；等候 umbrella /ʌm brelə/ n.伞；雨伞 wet /wet/ adj.湿的；雨天的 because of因为 below /bɪ ləʊ/ prep.&adv.在……下面；到……下面 enough /ɪ nʌf/ adj.足够的(地)adv.充足的（地） hungry / hʌŋɡri/ adj.饥饿的 as /əz/ conj.像……一样；如同 hill /hɪl/ n.小山；山丘 duck /dʌk/ n.鸭 Central Park 中央公园（美国纽约） Huangguoshu Warterfall / wɔ:tə(r)fɔ:l/ 黄果树瀑布 Hong Kong /,hɒŋ kɒŋ/,/ ha:ŋ,ka:ŋ/香港 dislike /dɪs laɪk/v.&n.不喜爱（的事物）/厌恶（的物） Malaysia /mə leɪʒə/马来西亚; Malaysian /mə leɪʒn/adj.马来西亚的;n.马来西亚人; Tian’anmen Square /skweə/,/skwer/天安门广场 the Palace /ˈpæləs/ Museum 故宫博物院 【练习】 一、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共10小题；共10分） 1.Hainan Island is a _______ (极好的) place to take a holiday in Summer. 2.Grandpa feels  _______ (烦闷的) these days. 3.Students should be careful when they are taking some of the outdoor _______ (活动). 4.— Do you keep _______  (日记) in English, Peter? — Yes. I think it's helpful to me to improve my English. 5.He _______ (决定) to enter the garden, but he failed. 6.I _______ (想知道) where Kim is now. 7._______ (等) for her made me angry. 8.If you're _______ (饥饿的), you can buy some food in it. 9.— Where is your _______ (雨伞)? — It's in my schoolbag. 10. Here are their likes and  _______ (不喜欢). 二、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. “A miss is as good as a mile.” I often say to (l). 2. Last weekend, I had nothing (do) and my grandfather asked me to help him feed (hen) and pigs. 3. —Did you enjoy (your) at the party yesterday? —Yes. We had a good time. 4. Keeping (diary) is a good way to improve our writing skills. 5. My uncle and aunt moved to the countryside yesterday because they felt (bore) living in the city. 6. This is my first time (climb) Ta-pieh Mountains (大别山) and I think it's really interesting. 7. That new (build) has about 30 floors. 8. We can do lots of (activity) after school like swimming, riding bicycles, singing and dancing. 9. The Great Wall is one of the greatest (wonder) in the world. 10. The students went on an (enjoy) school trip last week. · 重点短语 呆在家 stay at home `参观某地/拜访某人 visit sb/sp 去夏令营 go to summer camp 去爬山 go to the mountains 去度假go on vacation 买特别的东西 buy something special 和某人去 go with someone 遇见某个有趣的人meet someone interesting 为测试而学习study for tests 某个有趣的地方somewhere interesting 照相 take photos 相当多quite a few+可数名词复数 大部分时间 most of the time 为某人买某物buy sb sth =buy sth for sb 我第一次 my first time 去购物 go shopping 当然 of course 喂鸡feed some hens 没有可做的 nothing much to do 似乎 ①seem +adj ②seem to do ③It seems that 记日记 keep a diary 到达①arrive in/at ②get to ③reach+地点 决定(不)做某事decide（not）to do 尽力做某事 try to do  尽某人最大的努力 try one’s best to do 感觉像/想要 feel like doing 享受沿着城镇散步 enjoy walking around the town 等待wait for 太多人 too many people 太多水too much water 下大雨 rain hard / rain heavily 因为 because of +名词、代词宾格、动词ing 足够的钱 enough money adj/adv+enough 一小时后 one hour later与一般过去时连用 为什么不做why not +do 看地图look at the map 如此…以至于 so… that 告诉某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 一直做某事 keep doing 除了……之外什么都没有nothing…but+动词原形 【练习】 翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共10分） 1. Where did you _______ _______ _______(去度假)? 2. 上周因为天气不好，他们没有举行运动会。 They didn't hold the sports meeting last week _______ _______ the bad weather. 3. 警察决定在天黑前进入那个房子。(词数不限) The policemen _______ that house before it got dark. 4. 昨天的天气怎么样? _______ _______the weather yesterday? 5. 我们没有事情告诉你。 We didn't have  _______ to tell you. · 重点句型 1.—Where did you go on vacation?你去哪度假？ —-I went to museums. 我去博物馆。 2.—Did you go with anyone?你和某人一起去的吗？ —Yes, I went with my mother.是的。我和我妈妈去的。 3.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里照了相当多的照片。 4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大部分时间我只是呆在家看书和放松了。 5.—Did you buy anything special? 你买特别的东西了吗？ —Yes,I bought something for my father./No,I bought nothing.是的，我为我爸买东西了。/不，我什么也没买。 6.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read. 唯一的问题是在晚上除了看书无事可做。 7.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为有太多人，我们等了一个多小时火车 8.When we got to the top,it was raining really hard.当我们到达山顶。正在下大雨。 9.And because of the bad weather,we couldn’t see anything below. 因为糟糕的天气，我们不能看见下面的东西。 10.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的腿是如此的累以至于我想停。 Part Ⅱ 知识点聚焦 · 重点单词的用法及其句型 1.buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 My mother bought me a new hat.=My mother bought a new hat for me. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.= ____________________________ 2.arrive in +大地方/ arrive at +小地方到达某地 We arrived at the airport at 8 o'clock.（我们八点钟到达机场。） They arrived at the station an hour ago.（他们一个小时前到达了车站。） They arrived in New York last night.（他们昨晚到达纽约。） We arrived in Paris at last.（我们终于到达巴黎了。） 【练习】请用at/in 填空 When will you arrive _____ Beijing？ When we arrived _____ the cinema，the film had already started. They arrived _____ the beach in the afternoon. 3.try to do sth.尽力做某事，try to do侧重努力，为了达到目的而努力。 try doing sth.尝试做某事只是一种新的尝试，不带明显的目的性 过程不难，强调结果：Nobody answers the front door. Let's try knocking the back door. 没人应前门，我们试试敲后门。（强调看房子里有没有人这一结果） 强调努力尝试的过程，成功与否不知：Let's try to work out this maths problem. 让我们试试解开这道数学题。（强调努力解题这个过程） 【练习】 I will try ______ (do) my homework tonight. She tried ______ (do) her best on the test, but she still didn't get a good grade. I tried ______ (garden) but didn’t succeed.  4.stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情 we stopped talking, when the teacher came in. Stop playing !Let's begin our class. stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事情 I stop to have a rest. She stops to listen to the teacher. 【练习】 We stop ______(have) dinner. Stop ______(smoke)!It's forbidden. I stopped ______(ride), when I met a friend. They stop ______(play) a game. Stop ______(play) games.you'd better do your homework first. 5.forget to do sth.忘记去做另一件事，这件事没有做。 forget doing sth忘记已经做过某事，这件事已经被做过了。 We forget to bring the umbrella. （我们忘记带雨伞了） I forgot to do my homework.（我忘记要做作业了，即作业还没做）。 I forget closing the windows.（我忘记关过窗了） .I forgot posting the letter.（我忘了信已寄出，即信已经寄出，但我忘记了）. 【练习】 — The light in the office is still on. — Oh，I forgot___. A. turning it off　  B. turn it off　  C. to turn it off　  D. having turned it off 6. many很多+可数名词复数 much很多+不可数名词 too many 太多+可数名词复数Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多+不可数名词We have too much work to do. much too太+形容词或副词原级You're walking much too fast. 【练习】请用too many, too much, much too填空： 1、She watches TV _________on weekdays. 2、The dress is _________ small. Could you bring me a bigger one? 3、There are _________ birds singing beautifully in the forests. 4、She watches _________ TV. 5、She did her homework _________ carelessly. The teacher was very angry. 6、Although you are very thirsty, you can’t drink _________ once. 【区分口诀】 too much, much too,用法区别看后头， much 后接不可数, too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。 7. because of 因为，由于+短语 because 因为，由于+句子 He can't take a walk because of the rain. He can't take a walk because it rains. 【练习】用 because 或 because of 完成下面的句子 1、I came here _____ I want to talk to you. 2、Sorry! I am late _____ the traffic. 3、She got the best grades _____ she had worked hard. 4、Paul had a terrible accident _____ he was driving fast. 5、It was _____ you that I got into trouble. 8. enough足够的，充分的 enough修饰名词，可前可后； Is this room large enough? 这房间够大吗？ He plays well enough for a beginner. 对于初学者来说，他弹奏得相当不错。 修饰形容词或副词，只能后置。 We have enough salesmen to cover the area . 我们本地区有足够的售货员。 We have enough money to buy a car. 我们有足够的钱购买一辆小汽车。 【练习】 （  ）1. He ran and ran, but he couldn’t run_____ to catch the bus. A. fast enough  B. enough quick C. enough fast    D. enough quickly （  ）2. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not ______ to get a driver’s license（驾照）. A. old enough    B. enough old C. young enough    D. enough young 9. bored厌倦的，烦闷的，修饰人 boring令人厌倦的 修饰物 She is bored with her job. Her job is boring. 类似的单词还有：excited-exciting, interested-interesting 【练习】请用bore的合适形式填空 Her husband is about the most ______ person I've ever met.  I'm______with this book because its content is extremely______. 请翻译下列句子 I am interesting. ________________ I am interested in it. ________________ · 语法详解 1、 不定代词 1.带some的不定代词常用于肯定句中；带any的不定代词常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。例如： 我想吃点东西。 I’d like ___________ to eat. 今天有人给我打电话吗？Did ________ call me today? 当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要后置。例如： 这本书里有什么新东西吗？ Is there _________ _____ in this book? 今天没有什么特别的事。 There’s _________ ________ today. 【注意】当不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。例如： Something is wrong with my watch. Well, everyone wants to win. Nobody knows what the future will be like. 2. many/much “许多” 区别 例句 many +可数名词 How many people are there at the meeting? much +不可数名词 How much time has we left? 3. few/a few/little/a little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义 few little 否定含义，几乎没有 a few a little 肯定含义，还有一点 He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。 【练习】 ( ) 9. There are still _______ apples here. We needn’t go shopping now. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ( ) 10. —Look! We have _______ sugar. —Really? Let's go and buy some. A．Few B．a few C．Little D．a little ( ) 11.“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _______ .” A． Much B．a little C．a few D．Little 二、复合不定代词及用法 复合不定代词的构成：是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。 one body thing some someone somebody something any anyone anybody anything every everyone everybody everything no no one nobody nothing 1..some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。 Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗？ He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。 2. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。 Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。 Not everything is like what you said. _______________________ 3. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。 He just found someone’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。 4.形容词修饰符合不定代词时，形容词应置于复合不定代之后 something interesting 某些有趣的东西/事情 【练习13】 ( ) 19. I’m hungry. I want _______ to eat. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ( ) 20. —Do you have _______ to say for yourself? —No, I have _______ to say. A.something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing ( ) 21. Why not ask _______ to help you? A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none ( ) 22. Everything _______ ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were ( ) 23. There’s _______ with his eyes. He’s OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing ( ) 24. —The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by _______. A. Everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 反身代词 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 herself/himself/itself themselves 【备注】反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。 反身代词的常见用法： 1. 反身代词作宾语，表示主语和宾语为同一个人或事物。 He bought himself a book. 他给自己买了一本书。 2. 反身代词作同位语，起强调作用，常用来加强语气。 I myself repaired the bike. 我自己修的自行车。 【练习】 一、单项选择题 1. Those girls enjoyed in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves 3. The film is very fun. A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its 4. Luckily, he didn’t hurt terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 5. I like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself 二、用适当的反身代词填空。 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for ___________ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _____________ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_____________ very well. 4. My cat can find food by _____________. 5. Help _____________ to some beef, boys. 作业 一、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）             46     American families like to have a     47     in summer. Summer is a good season for vacation. It is often hot in July and August.             48     do not go to school in those two months. Some people like     49     at home, read books, or watch TV. Many     50     take their lunch to eat at a place with many trees or a nice lake.         Some people have     51     time and money to travel to other countries like France, Japan and Australia. They usually fly to these countries. Many families travel     52     car or train to see     53     places in their own countries. Their     54     cities are New York, Chicago, Miami, San Francisco and Los Angeles.         Not everyone     55     to go to busy cities. Some families travel to mountains or beautiful valleys(山谷). 46. A. Much B. A little C. A lot D. Most 47. A. rest B. vacation C. party D. drink 48. A. Child B. Childs C. Children D. Childrens 49. A. stay B. stayed C. stays D. to stay 50. A. family B. familys C. families D. familyes 51. A. many B. enough C. a few D. a lot 52. A. by B. on C. ride D. take 53. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interests 54. A. like B. dislike C. favorite D. favorites 55. A. like B. liking C. likes D. liked 二、阅读理解 First Airplane Trip By Sara Matson         Jake is going on a trip. He and Mom take a taxi to the airport.         "It's my first plane trip," he tells the taxi driver.         "That's great!" the taxi driver says.         Jake rolls his suitcase onto the plane.         "It's my first plane trip," he tells the pilot.         "Welcome aboard," the pilot says.         Jake finds his seat and buckles his seatbelt. The plane's engines rumble and roar Jake opens his backpack and pulls out Panda.         "It's my first plane trip," he whispers. He holds Panda's paw.         The plane moves faster and faster. Then—Whoosh! On the ground, carsand houses look like toys.         Jake smiles. "Guess what, Panda?" he says. "Flying is fun!" 56. How does Jake and his mom travel to the airport? A. In a plane. B. In their car. C. In a taxi. D. In a bus. 57. This is Jake's ______ trip, he feels fairly ______ . A. last; happy B. first bus; worried C. first plane; excited D. last; frightened 58. Who is Panda? A. Jake's brother. B. A large animal. C. Jake's pet. D. A toy animal. 59. What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined words? A. 发出轰隆隆的声音 B. 滚动着 C. 发出咕咕的声音 D. 开始工作 60. Read this sentence from the story: On the ground, the cars and houses look like toys. What does this mean? A. The cars and houses looked very big. B. The cars and houses looked very small. C. The cars and houses did not move. D. Jack could not see the cars and houses. 三、七选五 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺每在选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。（共5小题；共10分） Dear Li Lei, Thank you for your email. Your school life is very interesting.     1     Now I want to tell you something about my school life in England. We have to go to school from Monday to Friday.     2     We have six classes every weekday, four in the morning and two in the afternoon. There is a break about twenty minutes in the morning.     3     We have lunch in the school dining hall. We have to wear school uniforms and we also wear sports clothes for P. E. lessons.     4     Then we can join our favorite clubs to have fun. I know Chinese students have a lot of homework.     5     I have a lot of friends here. I want to introduce them to you if you like. Keep in touch! Yours, William A．Classes begin at nine o’clock in the morning. B．At the break time, we can eat food and listen to music. C．We have homework too, but not too much. D．Classes are over at 3:30 in the afternoon. E．Let me tell you about my school life. F．I hope I can go to your school and play with you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$