内容正文:
一般将来时
一、常见句子结构
主语+will/ shall + do/be (动词原形)
主语+ be (is/am/are) going to do/be (动词原形)
二、时间状语
1. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow 明天,后天
2. next week/ month/ year 下周/月/年
3. in +时间段(对其提问用how soon):in two days 两天后
4. in +过去时间点:in 2020在2020年
5. soon 不久以后
6. in (the) future 将来、未来
四、基本用法
1、用will或shall表示。
· 助动词will或shall+动词原形,在口语中will用于所有人称,书面语中第一人称常用shall。shall 用于第一人称I和we表示将来发生的事情,征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。如:
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开,好吗?
【翻译练习】我能用一下你的笔吗
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· will,shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事,或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。
It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。
【翻译练习】
· will,shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外,还可以带有意愿的色彩,仍指的是将来。例如:
I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday.
你过生日时,我给你买一辆自行车。(表示允诺)
Will you open the door for me please?
请你帮我开门好吗?(表示_______)
Shall I get your coat for you?
我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议)
2、用be going to结构表示。
· 表示说话人根据已有的迹象,判断将要或即将发生某种情况。句子的主语可以是人,也可是物。
There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)
Look at those black clouds!It's going to rain.
看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了。
【翻译练习】他快要赢下比赛了
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· 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定,即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如:
Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up.
玛丽决定长大当一名教师。
【翻译练习】他明天不准备去看他爷爷。
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· 只是单纯地预测未来的事,此时可与will互换。例如:
I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨。
【注意】be going to 和will 的区别
1.be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如:
He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.
他正努力学习,准备参加考试。(不能用will替换) 本句的将来时表示__________________
—Can somebody help me? ——谁能帮我一下吗?
—I will. ——我来。(不能用be going to替换) 本句的将来时表示__________________
2.will表示客观上将要发生,而be going to表示主观上打算。
He will be 18 next year. 他明年就满18岁了。(客观上)
I am going to see John tomorrow. 明天我打算和约翰见面。(主观上)
3.Will可表示较远的将来发生,而be going to表示已有迹象马上发生。
There will be a flower show in the park next week.(较远的将来发生)
Look at the nice cars. There is going to be a car show in the square. (已有迹象马上发生)
4.Will可表示"愿意"这种感情色彩,而be going to没有这种用法,但可表示主观计划和打算。
Tom will wash your car. 汤姆愿意洗你的车。
Tom is going to wash the car tomorrow. 汤姆明天打算洗车。(并不一定心甘情愿,并不一定愿意)
【一般将来时与将来进行时的区别】
将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述,而一般将来时will+动词原形除表示时间概念外,还带有感情色彩。
Tom will be washing the car tomorrow. 汤姆明天将正在洗车。
Tom will wash the car tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意洗车。
3、用现在进行时表示。
表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,send,move,travel,fly等)和其它几个动作动词(如do,begin,work,spend,play,stay,happen,have,finish,join,eat,die,meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如:
The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。
What are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么?
The train is arriving at nine o'clock. 火车将在九点钟到。
4、用一般现在时表示。
· 动词be;表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,arrive,leave,return等)和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如start,begin,open,finish,end,close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定。例如:
Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗?
Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。
· 在由when,before,as soon as,until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we’ll go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去东湖。
I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。
4. 在hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中,也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,hope的主语往往是第一人称。例如:
I hope you(will)have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快。
I hope he comes(will come). 我希望他会来。
5、用“be+动词不定式”或用“be about to +动词原形”的结构表示。表示马上就要发生的事。一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。
They’re about to leave. (=They’re leaving.) 他们就要走了。
Don’t go out. We’re about to have dinner. 别出去了,我们很快就要吃饭了。
6. be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The president is to visit China next week. 总统下周来访问中国。
【练习】
( ) 1. He is very busy this week, he _________ free next week.
A. will is B. is C. will D. will be
( ) 2. _________ your brother _________ a magazine from the library?
A.Are; will borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
( ) 3. If they come, we _________ a meeting.
A. will have B. have C. had D. would have
( ) 4. He _________check his email at the weekend.
A. will be B. is C. will D. is going
( ) 5. I _________ the shops. Can I get you anything?
A. go to B. went to C. have gone to D. am going to
( ) 6. Charlie _________ here next month.
A. isn’t going to working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t working D. won’t work
( ) 7. —_________ you _________ free tomorrow?
—No, I _________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will be
B. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will
( ) 8. Stop smoking, Joe! You _________ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!
A. have kill B. will kill C. kill D. killed
( ) 9. _________ open the window?
A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you
五、相关句式
will do
be going to do
肯定式
主语+ will do…
主语+ be going to do…
否定式
主语+ will + not + do…
主语+ be + not + going to do…
疑问式
Will +主语+do…?
Be+主语+ going to do …?
【练习】
10. I’ll go and join them.(改为否定句)
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11. Nancy is going to go camping.(改为否定句)
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12. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(变一般疑问句)
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13. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(变一般疑问句)
____________________________________
14. I’ll go and join them.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
15. She will have an English lesson the day after tomorrow.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
16. I am going to shop for cloth this afternoon.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
16. He is going to see his grandpa tomorrow.
否定句:_________________________________
一般疑问句:_________________________________
练习
一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______(leave)in a minute. I ______(finish)all my work before I ______ (leave).
2. —How long _____ you _____(study)in our country?
—I _____(plan)to be here for about one more year.
—I _____(hope)to visit the other parts of your country.
—What ______ you ______(do)after you ______(leave)here?
—I ______(return)home and ______(get)a job.
3. I ______(be)tired. I ______(go)to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____(give)her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______(snow)soon.
6. —_____ you _____(be)here this Saturday?
—No. I ______(visit)my teacher.
7. —______ I ______(get)you a copy of today’s newspaper?
8. I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
9. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don’t think their team ______(win).
二、单项选择
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
5. —________ you ________ free tomorrow?
— No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
7. — Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
—________. (不,不要。)
A. No, you won’t B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t D. No, please.
8. — Where is the morning paper?
— I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving
12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote
13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back
14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
15. — Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
— No, ________ (不去).
A. they willn’t B. they won’t. C. they aren’t D. they don’t.
16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go
17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch
20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be
三、把下列各句译成英语
1.我叔叔今晚要来。
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2. 他没有打算住那座小屋。
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3. 我们要读这本书。
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4.—你爸爸要去钓鱼吗?
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—不,他要去游泳。
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课后题答案
一、1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave 2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get
3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow 6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get
8. will be 9. won’t believe ; sees 10. will win
二、1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D
17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B
25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D
三、1.My uncle will come tonight.
2.He isn't going to live in the small house.
3.We are going to read this book.
4.—Will your father go fishing?—No,he is going swimming.
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