专题06 阅读理解记叙文- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

热点题型·选择题攻略 专题06 阅读理解记叙文 2024 年北京高考英语阅读理解试题题材广泛，涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然等多个主题语境，贴近时代、贴近社会、贴近生活、贴近学生。试题依托语篇，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力，突出高阶思维的考查，引导中学教学回归课标、回归课堂。阅读理解的选材注重价值引领，体现学科的育人功能。例如，有的文章讲述了作者在一次考试失败后，不断突破自我、锲而不舍追逐梦想的历程；有的文章指出人类应停止“宇宙是不是模拟”的争论，依托新的科技成果，创造性地探索未知世界；还有的文章从科学的视角探讨道德规范的根源。这些文章不仅有助于考生获取有效信息，正确认识世界和中国发展大势，还能培养考生的国际意识和文化素养。 阅读理解题型多样，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。试题考查考生对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，以及对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。 年份 主题 语境 词数 话题 考点分布 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨大意 词义猜测 2024 人与自我 354 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性 1 3 0 0 2023 人与自我 386 被拒绝也不是坏事，这意味着你能重新确定自己的方向。 1 3 0 0 2022 人与自然 348 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑 3 1 0 0 2021 人与自我 379 第一印象不总是可信的 3 0 0 0 2020 人与自我 403 重视手工技能，将手工技能和科学结合在一起 2 1 1 0 记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。 题型01 细节事实题 【题型诠释】 细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。 在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 【典例】 （2024·北京·一模）“Your mother needs a new heart,” my father told me when I called on that December afternoon. An unrelenting optimist, he spoke as if she merely needed to have a part replaced. But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief. Dr. Marc Semigran of the transplant team reviewed my mother’s medical history. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat for most of her life. Her present treatment — the use of a series of cardioversions, or electric jolts, to restore a normal heartbeat — would not work in the long-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve. “With medication,” Dr. Semigran said, “you have a 60 percent chance of living six months. You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing.” My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We’d already gone from shock, over our mother’s condition, to worry that she wouldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually. Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support. One Monday in May, at about 8 p. m., my mother received a phone call from the hospital that a heart was available. As she was about to be wheeled off, my father took her face in his hands and looked into her eyes. His look said everything about their 42-year relationship. The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better. The irony of the transplant process is that one family’s loss is another’s gain; that tragedy begets fortune. It is a kind of life after death, our hearts beating beyond us. We developed a feeling of love for this new part, of gratitude for the doctors, for the process, and for those people who made a decision just for humanity. 73．How did the sisters feel to the news that their mother needed a new heart? A．Frightened. B．Astonished. C．Worried. D．Annoyed. 74．Which is the factor to affect the possibility of their mother’s heart transplant? A．Her abnormal heart beat. B．The age of over sixty years old. C．Her willingness to the transplant. D．The adaptation of the new heart in the body. 75．What made the transplant team decide to have the operation? A．That her lungs were healthy. B．That a new heart had been found. C．That her family were expecting the operation. D．That her family trusted the doctors' medical level. 【答案】73．B 74．D 75．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。 73．细节理解题。由第一段中“But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief. (但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛)”可知，听到母亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。 74．细节理解题。由第三段中“You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情)”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。 75．细节理解题。由第五段“Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。 题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题 【题型诠释】 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 此类题的设问方式: 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________. 做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。 【典例】 （2024·北京通州·模拟预测）When Emma woke up, she knew it was going to be one of those days. She felt unwell — a cold had taken hold of her. Still, she needed to brave the storm of responsibilities at work. Emma dragged herself out of bed and got ready for work. Then she put on her raincoat and went out into the pouring rain. As she walked, she fought against the bad weather. Emma’s umbrella was almost useless as it was raining cats and dogs. Then like a bolt from the blue, the wind blew it inside out. She was immediately wet from head to toe. She said to herself in a quiet voice. “What a day to forget my rain boots!” At the office, the day was as stormy as the weather. She had a mountain of tasks. Handling endless emails and phone calls should have been a light wind. But before long, she was desperate to take a break so she could get a second wind. Then, at exactly the moment, her coworker Alex came to her rescue. Alex was not a fair-weather friend but was always ready to lend a hand. With a warm smile, he offered to help Emma. Having Alex assist her was like a ray of sunshine on a rainy day. Their laughter and good-fellowship as they completed their tasks made the hours pass quickly. On her way home, Emma reflected on the day, which had ended up being surprisingly pleasant. She realized that every cloud did indeed have a silver lining. Today, that silver lining had been her wonderful colleague, Alex. When Emma arrived home, she decided to send Alex a heartfelt message of appreciation. She wrote, “Thanks for being my ray of sunshine in this rainy day!” It was a simple message, but it carried a lot of meaning. That night, listening to it rain cats and dogs outside, Emma couldn’t help but smile. She had weathered the storm with Alex’s help. 56．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Save for a rainy day. B．Hard work pays off. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 【答案】 56．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是Emma在同事的帮助下完成了工作任务，让她在雨天也感受到了温暖。 56．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“She had weathered the storm with Alex’s help.(她在亚历克斯的帮助下经受住了暴风雨。)”可知，本文主要讲的就是Emma在同事的帮助下完成了工作任务，让她在雨天也感受到了温暖，患难见真情。故选D。 题型03 推理推断题 【题型诠释】 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1. We can infer from the passage that __________. 2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________. 4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________. 5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________. 6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 7. The author is inclined to think that __________. 8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________. 9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards...? 10. In the writer’s opinion,... 区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。 【典例】 （2024·北京顺义·二模）Up to the age of ten, I did not mind at all the fact that my elder sister was different. The child psychologist had termed it as “Asperger Syndrome”, a disease that affects how a person socializes with others. It was only at the age of ten that I started to become aware of my social life and self-image that I had carefully shaped. My sister, on the other hand, was socially awkward. She would mumble (咕哝) to herself and repeat the words she had just said under her breath. She, however, was academically capable, and hence we attended the same primary school. Despite this, I never, ever acknowledged in public that she was my sister. Being in primary six, about to graduate, my sister and her classmates had to put up a performance, whether in a group, or individually. Due to her inability to integrate, my sister was the only one left without a group. “I’ll sing,” my sister told my parents, somewhat confidently. Hearing that, I was taken aback. How could my sister sing in front of the school? She would embarrass me, one way or another. “No!” I remember protesting. My parents shot me a look. No one knows she is your sister. It is fine, you do not need to tell anyone. I remember telling myself these exact lines as I sat in the hall, waiting for the performances to start. The curtains parted to reveal the only solo (独唱) — my sister. It took about a whole minute for her to state her name and class and by that time, whispers were heard in the audience. “Why is she taking so long?” people around me asked. I shifted nervously in my seat. Finally, my sister started to sing. I was prepared for the worst. She opened her mouth, and I was transfixed — she sang effortlessly. Her voice rang through the hall, beautiful in its power. I listened ever so carefully to the words that she had composed all by herself. Guilt and shame filled my heart. Although she knew that I was embarrassed by her and was unwilling to attend her concert, my sister had forgiven me; she had never taken anything that I had done to her to heart. It was then that I resolved to love her unconditionally. 70．Why did the author protest against his sister’s decision? A．To challenge his parents. B．To follow other students. C．To keep his sister’s image. D．To protect his self-respect. 71．What do we know about the author’s sister? A．She always got full marks in primary school. B．She refused to form a group with other students. C．She gave an excellent performance before graduation. D．She delivered an inspiring speech in front of the school. 72．What lesson did the author learn from his sister? A．Take nothing to heart. B．Love without condition. C．Stick to one’s own choice. D．Learn from anyone around. 【答案】 70．D 71．C 72．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者被姐姐无条件的爱所感动。 70．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hearing that, I was taken aback. How could my sister sing in front of the school? She would embarrass me, one way or another. “No!” I remember protesting. My parents shot me a look. (听到这里，我吃了一惊。我姐姐怎么能在全校面前唱歌呢?无论如何她都会让我难堪。"不行!"我记得抗议过。我父母瞪了我一眼。) ”可知，作者抗议他姐姐的目的是保护他的自尊。故答案为D。 71．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Her voice rang through the hall, beautiful in its power. l listened ever so carefully to the words that she had composed all by herself.(她的声音响彻整个大厅，充满了美妙的力量。我非常认真地听她独自创作的歌词。)”可知，作者的姐姐在毕业前表演得非常出色，故答案为C。 72．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Guilt and shame filled my heart. Although she knew that l was embarrassed by her and was unwilling to attend her concert, my sister had forgiven me; she had never taken anything that l had done to her to heart. It was then that I resolved to love her unconditionally.(内疚和羞愧充满了我的心，虽然她知道我被她弄得很尴尬，不愿意参加她的演唱会，但我姐姐已经原谅了我；她从未把我对她的所作所为放在心上。就在那时，我下定决心无条件地爱她。)可知，作者从他姐姐身上学到了无条件的爱。故答案为B。 题型04 词义、句义猜测题 【题型诠释】 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 此类题的设问方式主要有： 1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests... 3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1. 利用构词法；2. 联系上下文语境；3. 代入法。词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。 【高考真题】 【2024北京卷】 When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings 26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A. Confusing. B. Empowering. C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success. C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。 【2023北京卷】 【2023北京卷】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about. Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. 24．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name? A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled. 25．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________. A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work 26．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________. A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution. C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。 【2022北京卷】 My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began. A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence. I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action. 24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety? A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption. C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration. 25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice? A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship. C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up. 26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________. A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety. C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。 24.【解析】 细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。 25.【解析】 细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。 26.【解析】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。 27.【解析】 推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。 【2021北京卷】 I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind． Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget． In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education． 24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？ A. It would affect his/her initial plans． B. It would involve traveling overseas． C It would not bring him/her a good grade． D. It would not live up to his/her expectations． 25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？ A. Images of Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates． C. A teacher's introduction． D. A representative's comments． 26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．. A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children 27. What can we conclude from this passage？ A. One's potential cannot always be underrated． B. First impression cannot always be trusted． C. Actions speak louder than words． D. He who hesitates is lost． 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。 【2020北京卷】 For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions. C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers 40. Why does the author mention museums? A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science. C To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 41. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 【答案】38. D 39. B 40. D 41. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。 【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。 【最新模考】 【2024·北京朝阳·一模】 My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. I was born missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.” That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it. However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years — 25 of them to be exact. When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in. The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it — love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden. It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too. It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier. I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organisation devoted to people with all types of disabilities. Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support. It’s time to change that. 21．What was the author’s childhood like? A．She had no social interactions with friends. B．She was raised with care and treated normally. C．She faced some challenges in school activities. D．She was upset about the attention to her difference. 22．What happened to the author when she was 13 years old? A．She began to ignore her disability. B．She suffered prejudice from some kids. C．She started hiding herself away from friends. D．She became sensitive due to her self-awareness. 23．How did the author change when she stopped hiding? A．She started to open up and be herself. B．She met someone who cured her disability. C．She was fed up with the company of others. D．She reduced involvement in the disability group. 24．What can we learn from this passage? A．Misfortune is a good teacher. B．Disability is not a barrier to success. C．Self-acceptance can lead to self-love. D．Nothing beats the feeling of being loved. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed, my limb difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it—love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。 【2024·北京朝阳·二模】 When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 45．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A．She lived with a sense of guilt. B．She realized the importance of first aid. C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 46．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A．She relieved the woman’s coughing. B．She walked the woman up to the lift. C．She found a “medically competent” person for her. D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 47．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 48．What can we learn from this passage? A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction. 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．C 48．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个被噎住的女性，虽然没帮上大忙，但是对方还是感谢了作者，让作者认识到行动胜于无为。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gobstopper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她咳出了糖果。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gobstopper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，朋友的窒息事件让作者对目睹类似的事件产生了恐惧。故选C。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming for help.(我开始拍打她的背部，大声呼救)”以及“Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose.(谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几次猛烈的拍打之后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松动了)”可知，作者通过拍打女人的背部来进行急救，来帮助地铁上的女人。故选D。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction.(这段经历也教会了我“旁观者效应”，即人们认为别人在紧急情况下可以提供帮助，而别人的直接帮助远不太可能提供帮助，从而导致不作为)”可知，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免了介入”属于旁观者效应。故选C。 48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back—I may not have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.(如果没有我匆忙拍她的背，她可能也会没事——我可能并没有真正救了她的命——但至少她知道有个人，一个她再也见不到的陌生人关心她)”以及最后一段“Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved.(不过，有时候，不管谁在附近，参与进来可能会很有用)”可知，故事告诉我们行动胜于无为。故选D。 【2024·北京丰台·二模】 Abeid was born in a village of Tanzania and dreamt of flying a plane, soaring (翱翔) through the sky. Due to financial difficulties, he became a wildlife guide instead. Abeid didn’t give up. He became a chief pilot of hot air ballooning at the age of 20. His passion for flying was matched by his skill both as a pilot and as a guide. Then, he came up with the idea of flying across the Serengeti from east to west, which would take four flights on successive days, taking off and landing where no one had ever seen a balloon before. As a journalist, I was so lucky to make a journey with Abeid. We were up at 3 am. Abeid walked into the basket and checked the lines and the fastenings. Moments later, he was instructing me to get into it. With barely time to catch my breath, he gave a long blast (猛吹) on the burners and the basket tipped upright. Over the following days, we gasped at the joy and wonder of the sky; at the beauty and complexity of the land beneath us. There was no fear, just a sense of being part of something fantastic as we floated in the silence of the African sky. But not everything went entirely to Abeid’s carefully worked-out plan. The rains that had started to fall every afternoon slowed the air. On the final day, we landed 20km short of the destination. Luckily, we finally made the crossing the next morning. When we were returning to the land, crowds of people shouted and waved. Many children looked up as we flew over them, and started to run. As Abeid brought the balloon down, people gathered around the balloon, pressing against the basket. Those children were also there, flushed and breathless, eyes wide with amazement. Abeid and I both looked at each other in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping some children into the basket. Abeid lifted off and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crowd running alongside. I realized that Abeid’s journey was more than just about flying. It was about hope, inspiration, and the joy of sharing one’s passion. And as I penned down the last words of this extraordinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s story would resonate (回荡) far beyond the Serengeti. 65．What did Abeid dream of? A．Being a wildlife guide. B．Being a journalist. C．Flying a hot air balloon. D．Flying a plane. 66．Which of the following best describes the journey across the Serengeti? A．Smooth. B．Pioneering. C．Painful. D．Eco-friendly. 67．What agreement did Abeid and the author reach? A．Showing their technical skills. B．Teaching the children to be a pilot. C．Taking the children for a ride. D．Attracting people to their show. 68．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Beautiful View: from East to West B．A Balloon Adventure: the Dream Soaring High C．Different Job Experiences: from a Guide to a Pilot D．A Wildlife Exploration: the Unforgettable Experience 【答案】65．D 66．B 67．C 68．B 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述主人公阿贝德的一次开创性的气球飞行冒险，实现了飞行梦想，充满希望，灵感和分享的快乐。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Abeid was born in a village of Tanzania and dreamt of flying a plane, soaring (翱翔) through the sky. (阿贝德出生在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄，他的梦想是驾驶一架飞机，在天空翱翔。)”可知，Abeid的梦想是开飞机。故选D。 66．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Then, he came up with the idea of flying across the Serengeti from east to west, which would take four flights on successive days, taking off and landing where no one had ever seen a balloon before. (然后，他想到了从东到西飞越塞伦盖蒂的想法，这需要连续四天飞行四次，起飞和降落在以前没有人见过气球的地方。)”可知，穿越塞伦盖蒂是开创性的，以前这里没有热见过气球。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Abeid and I both looked at each other in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping some children into the basket. Abeid lifted off and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crowd running alongside. (阿贝德和我都默默对视一眼达成协议。突然，我们帮助一些孩子进入篮子。阿贝德起飞了，我们只飞了几百米，兴奋的人群在旁边奔跑。)”可知，阿贝德和作者达成的协议是带孩子们飞一段路程。故选C。 68．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Abeid was born in a village of Tanzania and dreamt of flying a plane, soaring (翱翔)through the sky. (阿贝德出生在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄，他的梦想是驾驶一架飞机，在天空翱翔。)”，第二段的“Then, he came up with the idea of flying across the Serengeti from east to west, which would take four flights on successive days, taking off and landing where no one had ever seen a balloon before. (然后，他想到了从东到西飞越塞伦盖蒂的想法，这需要连续四天飞行四次，起飞和降落在以前没有人见过气球的地方。)”以及最后一段“I realized that Abeid’s journey was more than just about flying. It was about hope, inspiration, and the joy of sharing one’s passion. And as I penned down the last words of this extraordinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s story would resonate (回荡) far beyond the Serengeti. (我意识到阿贝德的旅程不仅仅是飞行。它是关于希望、灵感和分享激情的快乐。当我写下这段非凡经历的最后几句话时，我知道阿贝德的故事会引起共鸣，远远超出塞伦盖蒂。)”可知，文章主语讲述阿贝德的一次开创性的气球飞行冒险，实现了飞行梦想，充满希望，灵感和分享的快乐，因此推断B项“气球冒险：高飞的梦想”为最佳标题。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点题型·选择题攻略 专题06 阅读理解记叙文 2024 年北京高考英语阅读理解试题题材广泛，涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然等多个主题语境，贴近时代、贴近社会、贴近生活、贴近学生。试题依托语篇，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力，突出高阶思维的考查，引导中学教学回归课标、回归课堂。阅读理解的选材注重价值引领，体现学科的育人功能。例如，有的文章讲述了作者在一次考试失败后，不断突破自我、锲而不舍追逐梦想的历程；有的文章指出人类应停止“宇宙是不是模拟”的争论，依托新的科技成果，创造性地探索未知世界；还有的文章从科学的视角探讨道德规范的根源。这些文章不仅有助于考生获取有效信息，正确认识世界和中国发展大势，还能培养考生的国际意识和文化素养。 阅读理解题型多样，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。试题考查考生对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，以及对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。 年份 主题 语境 词数 话题 考点分布 细节理解 推理 判断 主旨大意 词义猜测 2024 人与自我 354 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性 1 3 0 0 2023 人与自我 386 被拒绝也不是坏事，这意味着你能重新确定自己的方向。 1 3 0 0 2022 人与自然 348 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑 3 1 0 0 2021 人与自我 379 第一印象不总是可信的 3 0 0 0 2020 人与自我 403 重视手工技能，将手工技能和科学结合在一起 2 1 1 0 记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。 题型01 细节事实题 【题型诠释】 细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。 【典例】 （2024·北京·一模）“Your mother needs a new heart,” my father told me when I called on that December afternoon. An unrelenting optimist, he spoke as if she merely needed to have a part replaced. But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief. Dr. Marc Semigran of the transplant team reviewed my mother’s medical history. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat for most of her life. Her present treatment — the use of a series of cardioversions, or electric jolts, to restore a normal heartbeat — would not work in the long-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve. “With medication,” Dr. Semigran said, “you have a 60 percent chance of living six months. You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing.” My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We’d already gone from shock, over our mother’s condition, to worry that she wouldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually. Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support. One Monday in May, at about 8 p. m., my mother received a phone call from the hospital that a heart was available. As she was about to be wheeled off, my father took her face in his hands and looked into her eyes. His look said everything about their 42-year relationship. The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better. The irony of the transplant process is that one family’s loss is another’s gain; that tragedy begets fortune. It is a kind of life after death, our hearts beating beyond us. We developed a feeling of love for this new part, of gratitude for the doctors, for the process, and for those people who made a decision just for humanity. 73．How did the sisters feel to the news that their mother needed a new heart? A．Frightened. B．Astonished. C．Worried. D．Annoyed. 74．Which is the factor to affect the possibility of their mother’s heart transplant? A．Her abnormal heart beat. B．The age of over sixty years old. C．Her willingness to the transplant. D．The adaptation of the new heart in the body. 75．What made the transplant team decide to have the operation? A．That her lungs were healthy. B．That a new heart had been found. C．That her family were expecting the operation. D．That her family trusted the doctors' medical level. 题型02 主题理解或写作意图推断题 【题型诠释】 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 此类题的设问方式: 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________. 【典例】 （2024·北京通州·模拟预测）When Emma woke up, she knew it was going to be one of those days. She felt unwell — a cold had taken hold of her. Still, she needed to brave the storm of responsibilities at work. Emma dragged herself out of bed and got ready for work. Then she put on her raincoat and went out into the pouring rain. As she walked, she fought against the bad weather. Emma’s umbrella was almost useless as it was raining cats and dogs. Then like a bolt from the blue, the wind blew it inside out. She was immediately wet from head to toe. She said to herself in a quiet voice. “What a day to forget my rain boots!” At the office, the day was as stormy as the weather. She had a mountain of tasks. Handling endless emails and phone calls should have been a light wind. But before long, she was desperate to take a break so she could get a second wind. Then, at exactly the moment, her coworker Alex came to her rescue. Alex was not a fair-weather friend but was always ready to lend a hand. With a warm smile, he offered to help Emma. Having Alex assist her was like a ray of sunshine on a rainy day. Their laughter and good-fellowship as they completed their tasks made the hours pass quickly. On her way home, Emma reflected on the day, which had ended up being surprisingly pleasant. She realized that every cloud did indeed have a silver lining. Today, that silver lining had been her wonderful colleague, Alex. When Emma arrived home, she decided to send Alex a heartfelt message of appreciation. She wrote, “Thanks for being my ray of sunshine in this rainy day!” It was a simple message, but it carried a lot of meaning. That night, listening to it rain cats and dogs outside, Emma couldn’t help but smile. She had weathered the storm with Alex’s help. 56．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Save for a rainy day. B．Hard work pays off. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 题型03 推理推断题 【题型诠释】 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1. We can infer from the passage that __________. 2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________. 4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________. 5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________. 6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 7. The author is inclined to think that __________. 8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________. 9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards...? 10. In the writer’s opinion,... 【典例】 （2024·北京顺义·二模）Up to the age of ten, I did not mind at all the fact that my elder sister was different. The child psychologist had termed it as “Asperger Syndrome”, a disease that affects how a person socializes with others. It was only at the age of ten that I started to become aware of my social life and self-image that I had carefully shaped. My sister, on the other hand, was socially awkward. She would mumble (咕哝) to herself and repeat the words she had just said under her breath. She, however, was academically capable, and hence we attended the same primary school. Despite this, I never, ever acknowledged in public that she was my sister. Being in primary six, about to graduate, my sister and her classmates had to put up a performance, whether in a group, or individually. Due to her inability to integrate, my sister was the only one left without a group. “I’ll sing,” my sister told my parents, somewhat confidently. Hearing that, I was taken aback. How could my sister sing in front of the school? She would embarrass me, one way or another. “No!” I remember protesting. My parents shot me a look. No one knows she is your sister. It is fine, you do not need to tell anyone. I remember telling myself these exact lines as I sat in the hall, waiting for the performances to start. The curtains parted to reveal the only solo (独唱) — my sister. It took about a whole minute for her to state her name and class and by that time, whispers were heard in the audience. “Why is she taking so long?” people around me asked. I shifted nervously in my seat. Finally, my sister started to sing. I was prepared for the worst. She opened her mouth, and I was transfixed — she sang effortlessly. Her voice rang through the hall, beautiful in its power. I listened ever so carefully to the words that she had composed all by herself. Guilt and shame filled my heart. Although she knew that I was embarrassed by her and was unwilling to attend her concert, my sister had forgiven me; she had never taken anything that I had done to her to heart. It was then that I resolved to love her unconditionally. 70．Why did the author protest against his sister’s decision? A．To challenge his parents. B．To follow other students. C．To keep his sister’s image. D．To protect his self-respect. 71．What do we know about the author’s sister? A．She always got full marks in primary school. B．She refused to form a group with other students. C．She gave an excellent performance before graduation. D．She delivered an inspiring speech in front of the school. 72．What lesson did the author learn from his sister? A．Take nothing to heart. B．Love without condition. C．Stick to one’s own choice. D．Learn from anyone around. 题型04 词义、句义猜测题 【题型诠释】 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 此类题的设问方式主要有： 1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests... 3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 【高考真题】 【2024北京卷】 When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings 26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A. Confusing. B. Empowering. C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success. C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 【2023北京卷】 【2023北京卷】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about. Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. 24．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name? A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled. 25．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________. A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work 26．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________. A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution. C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction. 【2022北京卷】 My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began. A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence. I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action. 24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety? A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption. C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration. 25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice? A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship. C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up. 26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________. A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety. C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait. 【2021北京卷】 I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind． Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget． In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education． 24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？ A. It would affect his/her initial plans． B. It would involve traveling overseas． C It would not bring him/her a good grade． D. It would not live up to his/her expectations． 25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？ A. Images of Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates． C. A teacher's introduction． D. A representative's comments． 26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．. A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children 27. What can we conclude from this passage？ A. One's potential cannot always be underrated． B. First impression cannot always be trusted． C. Actions speak louder than words． D. He who hesitates is lost． 【2020北京卷】 For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions. C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________. A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers 40. Why does the author mention museums? A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science. C To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 41. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 【最新模考】 【2024·北京朝阳·一模】 My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. I was born missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.” That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it. However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years — 25 of them to be exact. When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in. The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it — love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden. It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too. It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier. I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organisation devoted to people with all types of disabilities. Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support. It’s time to change that. 21．What was the author’s childhood like? A．She had no social interactions with friends. B．She was raised with care and treated normally. C．She faced some challenges in school activities. D．She was upset about the attention to her difference. 22．What happened to the author when she was 13 years old? A．She began to ignore her disability. B．She suffered prejudice from some kids. C．She started hiding herself away from friends. D．She became sensitive due to her self-awareness. 23．How did the author change when she stopped hiding? A．She started to open up and be herself. B．She met someone who cured her disability. C．She was fed up with the company of others. D．She reduced involvement in the disability group. 24．What can we learn from this passage? A．Misfortune is a good teacher. B．Disability is not a barrier to success. C．Self-acceptance can lead to self-love. D．Nothing beats the feeling of being loved. 【2024·北京朝阳·二模】 When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 45．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A．She lived with a sense of guilt. B．She realized the importance of first aid. C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 46．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A．She relieved the woman’s coughing. B．She walked the woman up to the lift. C．She found a “medically competent” person for her. D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 47．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 48．What can we learn from this passage? A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction. 【2024·北京丰台·二模】 Abeid was born in a village of Tanzania and dreamt of flying a plane, soaring (翱翔) through the sky. Due to financial difficulties, he became a wildlife guide instead. Abeid didn’t give up. He became a chief pilot of hot air ballooning at the age of 20. His passion for flying was matched by his skill both as a pilot and as a guide. Then, he came up with the idea of flying across the Serengeti from east to west, which would take four flights on successive days, taking off and landing where no one had ever seen a balloon before. As a journalist, I was so lucky to make a journey with Abeid. We were up at 3 am. Abeid walked into the basket and checked the lines and the fastenings. Moments later, he was instructing me to get into it. With barely time to catch my breath, he gave a long blast (猛吹) on the burners and the basket tipped upright. Over the following days, we gasped at the joy and wonder of the sky; at the beauty and complexity of the land beneath us. There was no fear, just a sense of being part of something fantastic as we floated in the silence of the African sky. But not everything went entirely to Abeid’s carefully worked-out plan. The rains that had started to fall every afternoon slowed the air. On the final day, we landed 20km short of the destination. Luckily, we finally made the crossing the next morning. When we were returning to the land, crowds of people shouted and waved. Many children looked up as we flew over them, and started to run. As Abeid brought the balloon down, people gathered around the balloon, pressing against the basket. Those children were also there, flushed and breathless, eyes wide with amazement. Abeid and I both looked at each other in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping some children into the basket. Abeid lifted off and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crowd running alongside. I realized that Abeid’s journey was more than just about flying. It was about hope, inspiration, and the joy of sharing one’s passion. And as I penned down the last words of this extraordinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s story would resonate (回荡) far beyond the Serengeti. 65．What did Abeid dream of? A．Being a wildlife guide. B．Being a journalist. C．Flying a hot air balloon. D．Flying a plane. 66．Which of the following best describes the journey across the Serengeti? A．Smooth. B．Pioneering. C．Painful. D．Eco-friendly. 67．What agreement did Abeid and the author reach? A．Showing their technical skills. B．Teaching the children to be a pilot. C．Taking the children for a ride. D．Attracting people to their show. 68．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A Beautiful View: from East to West B．A Balloon Adventure: the Dream Soaring High C．Different Job Experiences: from a Guide to a Pilot D．A Wildlife Exploration: the Unforgettable Experience 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$