上海市杨浦区2024-2025学年高三上学期12月模拟质量调研（一模）英语试卷

切用人U4子干歧弟一子閃同二干平X吴以以里网叮 英语学科试卷 2024.12 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择 题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy cafe-bookstore in Minnesota,chatting and laughing with those seated beside them.After ten minutes,the room(1) _(fallω quiet.Then people opened their books and began to read. (2) most book clubs,the Silent Book Club's Minneapolis chapter doesn't require members to read a specific book.The setup is simple:Bring whatever book you happen (3) (read)currently.Quietly read that book for 45 minutes.Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts,bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book(4) else selected for them."I hated assigned reading in school,"said Kortney Webster,(5) member of this club since it started in 2019,shaking her head."Whenever I see the books (6) (recommend)on the reading list,I can't help but turn away from them."Across the table from her was Matt Streit,who launched the Minneapolis chapter of (7) has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club,with (8) contact was immediately established.Inspired by the founder's vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club.Fortunately,his club,though(9) (found)only a year ago,has now over 100 regulars.It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized,the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly (10) those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you nced. A.energyn.B.choking C.conditionala D.sandwiching primitively ad F episode G mean IL.disproportionately Ispot J.intensifiedK.assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others'desires during Christmas to maintain peace.This pressure increases (11) when we strive to make everyone happy,a behavior recognized as"people pleasing",which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent's love was (12) or emotionally inconsistent.People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive geason when spending more time with family. Helen Snape,a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help casily (13)4 _people pleasing.Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict,and taking blame.Most people pleasers are deeply caring pcople. "They often make great team players,can read the (14) of a room,and are excellent at putting other people at ease,"explains Snape.However,the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships,over-work,and being taken advantage of.And these stresses only get(15)over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n)(16) that you'll later hate,you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance,advises Snape.For people pleasers,this is hard to do,because they worry it could make the family atmospherc feel oppressive or (17) Snape advises you remember that,by setting boundaries,you aren't being(18) you are actually helping the other person understand what you need,which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. "It's going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits,but you can be well (19) that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,"Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by(20) it betwcen two regulating activities like nature walks,calming music,or talking with friends, Remember,prioritizing your needs enables healthier,happier holidays. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Don't Kick the Robot Over the next decade,our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting.Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social (21) and make us behave as though we're interacting with something alive, What does it mean to be(22) or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to(23).For example,during the mass(24) of virtual voice assistants,parents expressed concer that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude.Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like'(25) to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there's a link between people's tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot.But that doesn't answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more(26)_.Society has asked similar questions about video games,with some (27) results.Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn't mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen,in part because we're biologically hardwired to(28) physical motion.People will(29) _treat any agent that moves like it's alive.As robot design gets better,the line between alive and lifelike may continue to(30) in our subconscious minds. If so,maybe it would be great for peopleto take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain.(31). they aren't harming a living being.On the other hand,it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts.Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it(32) to kick a real dog?Unfortunately,desensitization (remains a difficult thing to study. For now,it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot(33) _away from little children.But even for the rest of us,maybe it's just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly.Yes,it's much better than (34)_ _a living,breathing being,but why do it at all?As philosopher Vallor argues,it might be worth (35) kindness, instead. 21.A.media B.nature C.attitude D.change 22.A.orally B.mentally C.emotionally D.physiologically 23.A.suffer B.assume C.wonder D.inspect 24.A.adjustment B.absence C.awareness D.adoption 25.A.please B.sorry C.nasty D.perfect 26.A.tolerant B.violent C.mature D.inconsistent 27.A.definite B.positive C.inconclusive D.inaccurate 28.A.take in B.originate from C.react to D.associate with 29.A.readily B.coldly C.eventually D.obviously 30.A.emerge B.fade C.cross D.move 31.A.In addition B.After all C.In a way D.On the contrary 32.A.harder B.funnier C.easier D.worse 33.A.exposure B.company C.fancy D.abuse 34.A.mistreating B.mismanaging C.misleading D.misunderstanding 35.A.suspecting B.replacing C.spreading D.practising Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ( Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14years ago.When she told MeNee how hard it could bo to got students excited about math,her favourite diseipline,he made n surpriging suggostion:"Why not throw in something they cnjoy,like sports?"The idea of mixing baskctball and mathemutics got its first shot in 2011,when the now colleagucs-who had Inunched a tutoring non-profit-were invited to run a summer- school progrum for kids who'd failed Grade 9 math at Gcorges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day,they weren't cxactly excited. Over the next few hours,Mandekic and MeNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage-which, in turn,.taught them about fractions and decimal(分数和小数)points5.At the end of the game.the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total perccntage and had done the most efficient math."When the bell rang,they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn't leave," says Mandekic."I rcalized we might be onto somcthing." The classes,later named BallMatics,soon spread to other schools."I was terrible at math,"says Douglas,who cnrolled in a fast-track summer program."But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math,it made me a lot better at it.Every time I played basketball,I was thinking about math." Almost any math problem,MeNee and Mandekic realized,can be taught on the court.Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball.In 2019,MeNee and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy.At the school,kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects,train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas,now 20 and earning a degrce in cducation believes the school's commitment to academics is the key reason it's been a winner."If we didn't do our work,we weren't playing at the game,"he says.adding that coaches would bench kids who didn't keep up in class."At Uchenna,we were student athletes,not athlete students.” 36.The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers A.the origin of BallMatics B.the challenges facing BallMatics C.the start of a lifelong friendship D.the dedication of the young teachers 37.What made Mandekic and MeNee realize that they "might be onto something"? A.The students'progress in their mathematic skills. B.The students'changed attitude towards math. C.The data collected about the students'goal percentage. D.The efficiency in determining the winning team. 38.What will happen to the kids who don't do well in class according to Douglas? A.They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B.They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C.They will have to attend classes at a private school. D.They will be banned from playing in the game. 39.The best title for the article is A.The Basics of Math B.The Road to Success C.A Sports Principle D.A Numbers Game (B) HOW SHAPING JUNK GEMSTONES From waste glass to sought-after stones SEA GLASS 1 WASTE Sea glass starts its journey as glassware that's been thrown away into the ocean. IS MADE 2 BROKEN APART Under the power of the ocean,glass rolls 4.000 8a6 This ocean process apart. turns household trash 3 DRAGGED into sea treasures The angular pieces of glass are dragged along the seafloor along with thetides.roundingoff their sharp cdges in the process. ll glass starts its journey as silicon-rich sand.Through chemical processes and 4 FROSTING heating,sand is transformed into melted Over time,the salt glass and is shaped into different products.Some concentration of the thrown-away glass finds new life in a recycling center.Some end up in landfills,where it may experlences cause the surface to frost over. eventually leak into waterways and oceans. When it passes into the ocean,crashes with rocks and other hard objects break up the glass into small 5 WASHED UP pieces before decades or even hundreds of years of Sea glass eventually washes up on the water erosion (create small,smooth glass shoreline. stones.Although glass possesses hardy qualities,it remains subject to the chemical degradation caused by salt water.The frosty look of sea glass 6 ARTWORKS Jewellers and artists comes not just from water erosion,but also from often collect sea glass saltwater's altering effects,creating a distinctive surface. Since the 1970s,with the rise of single-use plastic,less glass is reaching oceans,reducing the number of sea glass pieces found on shores. The Fort Bragg sea giass ooache aremade of three'stes wo and three soasting the most ginss BEAUTIFUL BEACH DEBRIS Fort Bragg Beaches in California were As decades passed,continual impact once used as a dump site for locals to by ocean waves smoothed and throw away their rubbish,including glass rounded the edges of the glass waste.By 1967,the locals sought new creating a frosted sea glass beach dumping grounds,leaving the trash The Fort Bragg Glass Beach is now behind.Over time,the piles of rubbish under the protection of began to decrease as metal waste was MacKerricher State Park,and repurposed and biodegradable materials removing any of the glass is rotted away,leaving only glass prohibited. 40.Which step describes how glass waste becomes rounded and smoothed? A.Step 2. B.Step 3. C.Step 4. D.Step 6. 41.What happens to thrown-away glassware that does not enter the recycling process? A.It is used as building materials. B.It rots away due to exposure to sea water. C.It is melted and shaped into new items. D.It usually finds its way into the ocean. 42.A group of students are researching the history of the Fort Bragg Glass Beach.They have arranged the major events in time order.Which of the following best reflects this order? 1It became a deserted place. 2 It was declared a protected zone. 3 It was covered with only glass 4 It served as a glass jewelry workshop. 5 It was used as a natural dump site. A.⑤②①④ B.①⑤③④C.⑤①③② D.①②⑤③ (C) Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people's brains.The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn't be dismissed as insufficient automatically.The term dates back to the autism (community in the 1990s,though it's now applied to all sorts of mental differences.In the past,"autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,”says Robert Chapman,a neurodivergent(脑功能异于常人的) philosopher with autism,"The only hope for autistic people and our families,it was thought,was that we would one day be fixed through behavioral or biomedical intervention.” Neurodiversity challenges that notion.Rather than assuming,for instance,that an autistic person's struggles to find a job are the result of some internal shortcoming, neurodiversity research considers the existence of external explanations.The barriers to autistic employment emerge from the environment,not only the individual. Studies from 2022 and 2023 have shown that many autistic people are prosocial and skilled at seeing others'perspectives,while neurodiversity advocates stress it takes two to communicate.Though autistic people may struggle to understand a neurotypical perspective,neurotypical people may struggle to understand an autistic perspective, making it a“double empathy(共情)problem". This thread of research is already having an impact,helping autism interventions like the "social stories"technique take off.This intervention,which introduces autistic children to common social situations,works by facilitating communication between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals,with a focus on supporting children,rather than“fixing”them. The technique is consistent with what autistic individuals advocate for themselves. An assessment of the funding of recent autism research revealed the majority was directed toward the biological causes of autism,while the minority was directed toward services,support and education.However,members of the autistic community felt the 6 funding failed to reflect their priorities and wouldn't have any effect on everyday lives. Crucially,the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves."The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic,broken,and in need of fixing"Chapman writes in his 2023 book."This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement,which offered a different analysis,so liberating." 43.According to neurodiversity movement,the main cause of autistic people's struggle to function in society is A.an imbalance between research funding and public awareness B.a mismatch between their abilities and their surroundings C.the internal shortcomings autistic people are born with D.the barriers from behavioral or biomedical interventions 44.Which of the following statements about the"social stories"technique is TRUE? A.It is aimed at fixing the autistic children's behavioral problems B.It focuses on teaching neurotypical individuals about autistic people. C.It is based on the theory that neurodivergent people can be prosocial D.It works by putting neurodivergent people into common social situations. 45.What can be inferred about Robert Chapman? A.He believes being autistic is a life-long tragedy. B.He has been fixed through bio-medical intervention. C.He is bothered by the negative narrative surrounding autism. D.He thinks autistic people can be liberated from the movement. 46.The main purpose of the article is to A.introduce the effective treatment methods for autism B.explain the history and significance of the neurodiversity movement C.argue for the necessity of promoting the neurodiversity movement D.criticize the wrong focus of research in understanding autism Section C Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they'd seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B.However,a positive facial expression didn't make them like broccoli more. C.In fact,the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D.This is known as social modelling,and it is a strong influence on people's eating habits. E.A new study has found that other people's likes and dislikes could play a part. F.This phenomenon,often referred to as social influence,highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by the behaviors of those we dine with. Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don't,when eating greens is good for you.(47) Apparently,watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too. > A research team set about investigatinghow the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them.They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli.The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating.They would smile,look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting.The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it.(48) Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them,including eating,by watching the reactions of others.(49) Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. Although the research only focused on adults,experts think the results could also apply to children.This means that if children saw their parents,brothers or sisters not enjoying certain foods,including vegetables,they might not want to eat them either. (50) Understanding more about how adults'behaviour influences children's enjoyment of food could help to find ways to encourage young people to eat more of the foods that are good for them. III.Summary Writing Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating.Normally,the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun,which raises the indoor temperature.The new paint,however,is engineered to reflect the sun's heat off the outside of the house,which means the interior doesn't heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint,but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light,which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth.The special paint works by reflecting up to 80%of the sun's mid- infrared light.That's 10 times more than regular paint.The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light.The top layer contains color particles,which make the paint blue,green,orange,purple,red,or yellow.The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90%of all US households use air-conditioning,which requires a lot of electricity.In fact,cooling residences accounts for 6%of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 billion a year.Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building.In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months,the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter.When it is used on the walls indoors,it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the roomf,keeping the warmth in. According to the paint's creators,using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%.In cold conditions,it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%.All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate) 53.她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) 54.设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求， 又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) 55.在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认 识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whose) V.Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华，最近参加了一个研究性学习项目，在全体高 三学生中开展了题为“高中生对未来职业规划的认知与准备”的调查。根据下表 调查结果，撰写调查报告，内容需包括： 1.简要描述数据； 2.分析原因： 3.提出建议。 高中生对未来职业规划的认知与准备 45% 40% 40% 35% 30% 30% 25% 20% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 对未来职业有明确规划 接受过职业规划指导 参与过校外职业体验活动