议论文阅读和写作复习训练-2025届高三英语一轮复习

CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming? A.They can fight crop disease and increase production. B．They harm both the land and people's health. C．They can help produce rich soil. D．They are not expensive. 2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides? A．Pesticides can damage the land. B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time. C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects. D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer. 3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year? A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground. B．It can avoid damage to the environment. C．It can help increase output. D．The writer doesn't tell us. 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming. B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich. C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides. D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops. SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY? This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it. 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Driverless cars are popular in the world. B．Most people admire the Amish's happy life with natural environment. C.The argument about whether advanced technology is beneficial and acceptable to people. D．New technology has provided people with great benefits everywhere over the years. 2．What can we know about the Amish from the text? A．They like living in large and polluted cities. B.They live happily in the presence of new technology. C．They advocate living a simple life. D.They appreciate the lives of the rich and famous. 3．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A.The new technology will be resisted by the public. B.The technology which is new is sure to be good. C．The advances in technology will bring us more danger than convenience. D．The advances in technology may do unexpected harm to us. 4．What's the attitude of the author about new technology? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Critical. D．Unconcerned. STUDYING ABROAD IS IT A GOOD OR ABAD IDEA?  Dear Editor, In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater.  To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.  Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.   A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available. They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.  To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad you should consider these many factors.  Kind regard, Wang Li ( mother of twin girls) Dear Editor, Is studying abroad a good idea or not? There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties or a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard!  The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth. The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence.  Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoy promoting friendship between nations. International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.  Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China’s global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities.  All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding ofcultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile and I hopemy child will study abroad in the future.  Sincerely yours Zhang Yi (father of one boy) 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．The advantages of studying abroad. B．The disadvantages of studying abroad. C．The advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. D．The disadvantages of studying abroad outweigh the advantages. 2．How do the two present their views? A．By listing reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By citing others' opinions. D．By analyzing data. 3．How does studying abroad benefit people's personal growth? A．They will get a stricter education. B．They will be more independent. C．They receive much help to deal with difficulties. D．They can do whatever they want by themselves. 4．What is Wang Li's attitude towards China's education? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Critical. D．Negative. 5. 请阅读上面的文章，在文章中找出关于出国留学优缺点的词块。 Advantages 例子：personal growth Disadvantages 例子: face great economic pressure 选择性必修二Unit 2 正反观点类写作之出国留学利弊 本单元的写作主题是“表达你对出国留学的看法”，属于新课标中“正反观点类议论文”写作。正反观点类议论文一般会给出两个或两个以上的对立观点,要求发表自己的看法或见解。 一．基本结构： Part1:开头开门见山,表达观点。 Part2:列举正反两方面的观点、见解或主张,并给出论据。(也可分两段写） Part3:结尾得出结论或重申观点。 注意事项： 1.文体：属于议论文，要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性。 2.时态：通常情况下，用现在完成时和一般现在时。 二、写作参考模板： Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion about_________. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people who are in favor of it maintain that it has a number of benefits. To begin with, they think___________ .In addition,________. While those who are greatly opposed to it argue that it has quite a few disadvantages. For one thing,______ .For another, _____.Last but not least,_______. As an old saying goes: every coin has two sides. So ______is no exception. From my point of view, we are supposed to take a cautious attitude to ______. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三．实战演练： 假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学,他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写一封电子邮件,阐述你的观点,并给出理由(不少于三个). 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数. Dear Jackson. I'm more than delighted to share my opinion. which I hope will be of some help to you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 四．巩固练习： 暑假即将来临，你班同学就假期计划进行讨论，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。   优点 缺点 呆在家中 花费少，舒适方便 不能亲自了解外界 外出旅游 增长知识，开阔眼界 花费多，旅途不便  注意：1.词数100左右 　　 2．短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述； 　　 3．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯； 4．参考词汇：眼界horizon ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： Reading A：1．A　2.D　3.A　4.A Reading B：1．C　2.C　3.D　4.A Reading C:1．C　2.A　3.B　4.B 5 无标准答案 写作二： Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion about whether studying abroad is a good or a bad idea. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people who are in favor of it maintain that it has a number of benefits. To begin with, they think it is good for personal growth. The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. In addition, it provides a great opportunities to contribute to the development of our motherland, as China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and so on. While those who are greatly opposed to it argue that it has quite a few disadvantages. For one thing, students who study abroad face great economic pressure .For another, internationals face tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad. Last but not least, compared with those studying abroad, students remaining nationally also have a great future to look forward to with China booming. As an old saying goes: every coin has two sides. So studying abroad is no exception. From my point of view, we are supposed to take a cautious attitude to it. 写作三：参考范文 Dear Jackson, I'm more than delighted to share my opinion, which I hope will be of some help to you. Frankly, I hold the view that it is perfectly reasonable to study abroad. The reasons are as follows. To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes the learning process engaging and effective,Moreover ,bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world because cross-cultural experiences can give us a global perspective. Studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better. All things considered, I hope you can choose to study abroad and start a new life. Yours Li Hua 写作四 参考范文: The summer holiday is coming. Our class had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it's both convenient and comfortable. What's more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling. In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework. ： 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$