2.专题二 动词和动词短语-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考英语精准巧练课件

2025陕西中考·英语 《练透教材》 《答案精析》 《课标词汇打卡》 《精准巧练》 《中考进阶练》 专题二　动词和动词短语 练语法情境 练语法知识 1 2 [9～11分] 1 ►动词的分类 根据意义和在句子中的功能，动词可以分为以下四类： 1.实义动词 实义动词具有实际的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中单独作谓语。 动词的分类及词义辨析(6年22考) 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 (1)按句法功能分为：及物动词和不及物动词。其用法如下： 分类 用法 及物 动词 及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，可用于被动语态 不及物 动词 不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语，可直接构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，不能用于被动语态，若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 (2)按动作发生过程的长短分为：延续性动词和非延续性动词。其用法如下： 分类 用法 延续 性动词 也称持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作，如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep等，可以与表示时间段的状语(for＋时间段，since＋时间点或since从句)连用 非延续 性动词 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词，表示动作一发生，就立即结束，如： begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go等，一般不能与表示时间段的状语连用 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 2.系动词 系动词不能在句中单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语。常见的系动词分类如下： (1)be动词：am, ①_______, are； (2)感官动词：sound, look, ②_________, smell, feel等； (3)表示状态变化的系动词：get, turn, go, become, grow等； (4)表示保持状态的系动词：keep, stay, leave, remain等。 is taste 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 3.助动词 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态，帮助动词构成各种否定句和疑问句等结构，有人称和数的变化。常见的助动词有：be动词(am, is, are)；do(does, did)；have(has, had)；will(would)和shall(should)等。 4.情态动词(详见专题三) 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 ►动词词义辨析 1.不同动词词义辨析(2024.24、31、33、38、40,2023.24、33、34、37,2022.23、33、35,2021.22、36、39,2020.27、33、36、40,2019.32、34、35) 2.近义动词词义辨析： (1)三“到达”：arrive, reach与get (2)三“借”：borrow, ③________与keep (3)四“拿”：get, take, bring与carry (4)三“给”：give, offer与④___________ (5)四“花费”：spend, ⑤_________, cost与pay lend provide take 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 2 动词的基本形式(6年24考) 形式 构成 举例 原形 没有经过任何变形，就是动词本身的形态 send(2024.62)； need(2024.65)； offer(2023.69)； live(2022.62)； achieve(2022.70)； talk(2021.62)； spread(2020.60)； go(2020.70)； take(2019.64) 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 第三 人称 单数 一般在动词原形后直接加⑥______ seem→⑦_________(2021.64)； hope→hopes; like→likes 以s，o，x，sh，ch结尾的动词后加⑧_______ do→does; catch→catches； miss→misses 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为⑨_____，再加-es study→studies; fly→flies； carry→carries -s seems -es i 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 第三 人称 单数 不规则变化 特殊：be→is(2023.61,2022.61)/are (复数)(2020.69)； have→⑩_______(2020.63) 过去 式与 过去 分词 一般在动词原形后直接加⑪_______ play→played(2024.70)； work→worked； turn→turned 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词后只加⑫______ save→⑬_________； raise→raised； encourage→encouraged has -ed saved -d 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 过去 式与 过去 分词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加⑭_______ stop→⑮___________ (2019.62)； prefer→preferred； drop→dropped 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为⑯_____，再加-ed carry→carried； study→studied； try→tried -ed stopped i 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 过去 式与 过去 分词 不规则变化 be→was/were(2024.66)； get→got→got/gotten(2023.66)； meet→met(2022.66)； win→⑰_______(2021.69)； take→took→taken (2020.66)； sell→sold(2019.68)； can→could(2019.70)； catch→caught； give→gave→given won 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 现在 分词 一般在动词原形后直接加 ⑱________ wait→⑲_________(2019.61)； clean→cleaning； try→trying 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，⑳______再加-ing share→sharing； take→taking； give→giving； save→saving -ing waiting 去e 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 形式 构成 举例 现在 分词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ing run→running； sit→sitting； swim→swimming； drop→dropping 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为㉑_____，再加-ing die→dying； tie→tying； lie→lying y 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 3 ►同一动词型 1.come短语 come back 回来 come over 顺便来访 come in 进来 come down 下来；落下 come on快点儿；加油 come into 继承；进入 come out 出版；出现；开花；发表 come true 实现；成为现实 come through 经历；安然度过 come across (偶然)遇见(或发现) 动词短语(6年9考) 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 2.go短语 go down 下降 go on 继续 go out 外出(娱乐) go back 回去 go through 通过；经受 go over仔细检查；复习 go by (时间)逝去；过去 go off (闹钟)发出响声；离开；熄灭 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 3.take短语 take out 取出 take turns 轮流 take care 当心；小心 take part in 参加 take care of 照顾 take pride in 感到自豪 take back 撤回 take up 占据(时间、空间)；开始从事；拿起 take after (外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 4.look短语 look after照料；照顾(2021.31) look for 寻找 look up 抬头看；查阅 look back 回顾；回头看 look like 看起来像 look at 察看 look around 参观 look up to 尊敬 look through 浏览 look forward to 盼望；期待 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 5.put短语 put back 将……放回 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put down 降落；放下；写下 put into 把……放进；使进入 put on 穿上；上演；增加(体重) put up 张贴(广告等)；搭建；举起 6.turn短语 turn off 关掉 turn over 翻身；翻转 turn into 变成 turn around 转身；调头 turn out 结果是 turn to 转向；求助于 turn up 调高(收音机、暖气等)；出现 turn down 拒绝；调低(声音) turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 7.get短语 get to 到达 get on 进展；上车 get off 下车 get up 起床 get over 克服 get out 离开；出去 get into 陷入；当选 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 ►不同动词＋不同介/副词型 worry about担心(2024.34) ㉒___________ 放弃(2022.58) eat up/finish off/finish up吃完(2021.59) cut down 砍倒(2020.31) ㉓_____________ 捐赠(2019.38) switch off/shut off 关掉 give out 分发 pick up 捡起 give up give away 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 ►其他型 take the bus乘坐公交车(2024.59) drink/have water 喝水(2023.58) do (some) housework/chores做家务(2019.58) make sure 确信；证实 wash socks 洗袜子 get/buy a special gift/present 得到/购买一个特别的礼物 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Ⅰ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1.The Summer Palace ____________ (attract) a large number of visitors every year. 2.My grandmother ____________ (receive) an invitation from her old friend the other day. 3.Jerry tried to keep warm by ____________ (cover) his body with a scarf in the wind. 4.The first cartoon film with sound and music was ________ (make) in New York in 1928. attracts received covering made 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 5.Not only the students but also their teacher _______ (be) happy with the class party yesterday. 6.When you feel sad, you can find someone you _________ (trust) to talk to. 7.John is not a good team player. He seldom shares opinions with his teammates, ________ (do) he? was trust does 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Ⅱ.完成句子 1.如果你在学习中遇到问题，你一定要先认真思考。 If you meet problems in learning, you must _______________ them carefully first. 2.只要我们相信自己并采取行动，我们就能实现我们的梦想。 As long as we ______________ ourselves and take action, we can achieve our dreams. 3.你需要带一张地图，否则你可能会在村子里迷路。 You need to take a map with you, or you may _______________ in the village. think about believe in be/get lost 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 4.在图书馆里，你可以自由浏览各种书籍，寻找你感兴趣的资料。 In the library, you can ________________ all kinds of books freely and look for the materials you are interested in. 5.他们需要钱为盲童建立一所特殊的学校。 They need money to __________ a special school for blind children. 6.我们必须确保学生能在一个安静祥和的教室里学习。 We must _____________ that the students can study in a quiet and peaceful classroom. look through set up make sure 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Ⅲ.完形填空[人教八下U6 P43改编] In November, 1979, pupils in England were able to watch a new TV program 　1 　 Monkey. Most of the kids in some Western countries had 　2 　 this story. But this was the first time that they watched it. The Monkey King or Sun Wukong 　3 　 the main character in the traditional Chinese book Journey to the West. 1.A.served　 B.called　 C.taken　 D.kept 2.A.provided B.told C.tried D.heard 3.A.be B.am C.is D.are B D C 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Ⅲ.完形填空[人教八下U6 P43改编] He can 　4 　 all the difficulties bravely. In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey! This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, 　5 　 himself into different animals and objects. But unless he can 　6 　 his tail, he cannot turn himself into a man. To fight bad people, the Monkey King uses a magic stick. 4.A.deal with B.think of C.give up D.cut out 5.A.dividing B.cutting C.leaving D.turning 6.A.hide B.lend C.think D.dig A D A 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 The children of China have been in love with the Monkey King for many years. When the TV program 　7 　 more than 30 years ago, foreign children began reading this story, too. Because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up. 7.A.came out B.put up C.gave in D.looked around A 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Ⅳ.短文填空 颐和园“最强扫地僧” become　get　call　offer　understand　see　grow　like Have you ever heard of the “cleaning monk (扫地僧)” in the Summer Palace? He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, but he is very familiar with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video of his explanation became very popular on the Internet. Then many people 1. __________ him the most powerful “cleaning monk” after a famous character in Chinese writer Louis Cha's novel Tianlong Babu. called 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 “One day, while I was cleaning up as usual, I 2. _______ some tourists reading guide books. It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up to them and offered to help，” Zhang Xu said. “Besides cleaning, I also provide other services like giving directions, answering questions, and 3. ____________ explanations. I never expected this to 4. _______ so much attention. Actually, it's just a normal part of my job.” For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is special. As a child, he came here to play, and as he 5. ________ up, he became a part of it. Zhang started working at the Summer Palace in 2021, but he 6. _________ to read different books and search for information online. So he has 7. __________ a bit of an expert at the Summer Palace. saw offering get grew likes become 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 Zhang Xu says that he doesn't want to be an Internet celebrity(网红), but he wants to continue learning, working and serving. He hopes that one day he can become a professional commentator(解说员) on ancient buildings so that more people can 8. ______________ and fall in love with the Summer Palace and Chinese culture. ——素材选自《英语周报》 understand 专题二　动词和动词短语 2025陕西中考 英语 1.《精准巧练》第一部分“练话题立素养”栏目特设“话题词句串主线”、“话题情境夯基础”“话题语篇练思维”、“话题情境助写作”四个栏目，以话题为引领，聚焦中考话题复习新模式。 2.《练透教材》特设“微语篇练考点”，引导学生在真实情境中练考点。 3.《中考进阶练》一阶情境题组，精选优质情境素材训练陕西中考题型，突出在真实的情境中练习语篇及语用知识；二阶仿真模拟试卷，依据《例析与指导》（2024版）的三套试卷示例命题，感知中考试题变化新方向。 $$