2025届高考重点知识背诵及真题专项练习Unit4Scientists who changed the world（牛津译林版必修第三册）

UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 2.deadly diseases 致命的疾病 3.born in Nanjing， Jiangsu Province 出生在江苏省南京市 4.do/perform/conduct an experiment 做实验 5.receive a fair trial 受到公正的审判 6.low-income/one-parent households低收入/单亲家庭 7.postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟去上海 8.without sufficient data没有充足的数据 9.a glaring error 一个明显的错误 10.a woman of great wisdom 一位才女 11.a car/road/traffic accident 一起车祸/公路事故/交通事故 12.put theory into practice将理论应用于实践 13.thunderstorm and lightning电闪雷鸣 14.make her standout使她鹤立鸡群 15.be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中 16.declare the sports meet open 宣布运动会开幕 17.publish a number of books 出版大量书籍 18.conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 ①conduct an experiment/a survey 做实验/调查 ②conduct an orchestra 指挥一个管弦乐队 ③conduct herself in a most gracious manner 她举止非常文雅 19.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 ①free of charge 免费 ②be charged with abusing power被控告滥用职权 ③take charge of the company负责管理公司 20.credit n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 ①get/refuse credit 允许/拒绝赊购 ②pay by credit card用信用卡付款 ③to one’s credit 值得称赞的是 21.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒（prefer）；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 To begin with， I’m in favour of your decision to start a spoken English seminar， which will surely benefit us. （邮件） 首先，我赞成你决定开办一个英语口语研讨会，这肯定对我们有益。 22.intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指 The program with the theme “Culture differences” is intended to arouse students’ interest in different cultures， especially Western culture about American cuisine. （活动介绍） 这个以“文化差异”为主题的节目旨在唤起学生对不同文化的兴趣，特别是关于美国美食的西方文化。 23. beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 I am sure this activity will be beneficial to everyone. （活动介绍） 我相信这次活动对大家都是有益的。 二、阅读词汇 1.malaria n.疟疾 2.extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3.herb n.药草，香草；草本 4.penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 5.mould n.霉菌；模具；类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 6.metal n.金属 7.bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 8.negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 9.ribbon n.带子，丝带；带状物 10.atomic adj.原子能的；原子的 11.intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 12.mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品 13.[人教选必一UNIT 5]For example， pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects， but also helpful ones. n.（sing.bacterium）细菌 14.[外研选必一UNIT 5]It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution. n.进化；演变，发展 15.[北师大必修二UNIT 4]As Eileen Kennedy-Moore， an authority on the subject， points out， online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”. n.权威；官方 三、派生词汇 1.survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过（难关）→survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者 2.broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地→broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围 3.limited adj.有限的→limit n.& vt.限制→limitation n.限制；局限；极限 4.container n.容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 5.illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n.图解，图示 6.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.周围的环境 7.indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n.表明；暗示 8.intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.才智 9.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的；支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 10.politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n.政治（学）→political adj.政治的 11.scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 12.moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 13.ignorance n.无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 14.freedom n.自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 15.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 16.nationality n.国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的→nation n.国家；民族 17.electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→electricity n.电；电学；电流 短语词块 1.refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2.speed up（使）加速 3.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 4.through trial and error反复试验 5.by accident偶然，意外地 6.with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7.let sb down使某人失望 8.as to关于，至于 9.take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10.put forward提出，提议，建议 11.make a difference有影响，起作用 12.thanks to因为，多亏了 13.far from the truth根本不是事实 14.a desire for truth对真理的渴望 15.a greatly increased chance of survival生存的机会大大增加 16.at a low temperature在低温下 17.have sufficient safety data有足够的安全数据 18.great potential for future advances未来发展潜力巨大 19.a world-changing discovery一个改变世界的发现 20.mass production大量生产；成批生产 21.the driving force动力，驱动力，推动力 22.to the credit of science归功于科学 23.in the early days of science在科学的早期 24.the fruit of freedom of thought思想自由的果实 教材句式 1.句式：主语＋谓语＋the first/second/... to do sth 原句：Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2.句式：过去分词短语作状语 原句：Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3.句式：it was not until ...that ...强调句 原句：However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4.句式：含蓄虚拟条件句 原句：Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine， Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 5.句式：“疑问词＋-ever”引导让步状语从句；“do＋动词原形”表强调 原句：Whatever the truth，Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. 不管真相如何，富兰克林的确对电学的研究做出了贡献。 6.句式：it作形式宾语 原句：Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 专项练习 Ⅰ.完形填空 [2024·湖北省宜昌市期中联考]I've been working hard with my children on recognizing when someone does something nice for us. He doesn't have to do something super __1__， but small things around us, like offering to open a door for us, and stopping his car to let us __2__ the road. We should say thank you in recognition of that gesture. Also we recognize that someone may __3__ our help and we offer assistance without expecting anything __4__. Recently we were in a small shopping center and stopped for a(n) __5__ bite to eat at noon. I didn't bring my kids __6__ as we weren't going to stay there for a long time. Kids being kids, of course couldn't __7__， so they wondered if they could go to the supermarket to __8__ a bottle of water each. I gave them my gift card and said __9__. Afterwards they came running back with a big __10__　on their faces. They told me they saw an old man behind them in the shopping line with lots of things in his arms and they __11__ let him go first to the cash register. I __12__ how it made them feel to be able to do a kind thing for someone else. They replied that it made them feel really good. It wasn't a big gesture. However, it made my heart swell (充满) with __13__ as they noticed a way they could make someone's day a little __14__. It seems that we can gain little by helping others, but I believe being a caring and helpful man is the best __15__. 1．A.annoying B．touching C．general D．secret 2．A.ignore B．build C．cross D．close 3．A.need B．show C．refuse D．fear 4．A.in trouble B．in common C．in peace D．in return 5．A.slow B．quick C．extra D．safe 6．A.gifts B．food C．drinks D．surprise 7．A.admit B．breathe C．prove D．wait 8．A.buy B．earn C．open D．book 9．A.no B．sorry C．yes D．thanks 10．A.sign B．smile C．note D．line 11．A.politely B．rudely C．suddenly D．hardly 12．A.recorded B．recalled C．guessed D．asked 13．A.pride B．shyness C．worry D．hesitation 14．A.longer B．easier C．faster D．sadder 15．A.approach B．comment C．effort D．Reward 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着孩子外出，孩子们在超市买东西付款的时候，看到一位老人手里拿着很多东西，主动让老人先结账，从帮助别人中获得了快乐。作者认为：成为一个有爱心、乐于助人的人就是最好的回报。 1．答案与解析：B　根据下文“small things around us, like offering to open a door for us”可知，这些都是生活中的小事，不是非常感人的事情，空白处应填表示“感人的”含义的形容词，故选B项。 2．答案与解析：C　根据上文“stopping his car to let us”以及下文“the road”可推理出空白处应填表示“穿过”含义的动词，故选C项。 3．答案与解析：A　根据下文“we offer assistance”可知本句说的是别人需要我们的帮助，故选A项。 4．答案与解析：D　根据上文“we offer assistance without expecting”可知，此处上下文说的是给需要帮助的人提供帮助，但不期望得到回报，故选D项。 5．答案与解析：B　根据下文“we weren't going to stay there for a long time”可知作者在购物中心不打算呆很长时间，打算快速吃点东西，故选B项。 6．答案与解析：C　根据下文“a bottle of water”可知作者没有给孩子们带饮料，故选C项。 7．答案与解析：D　根据上文以及下文“they wondered if they could go to the supermarket to”可知，此处上下文说的是作者因不打算在那里呆很长时间而没带饮料，孩子们等不及，要去超市，故选D项。 8．答案与解析：A　根据上文以及下文“a bottle of water”可知，到超市当然是去购买水，故选A项。 9．答案与解析：C　根据上文可知作者把礼品卡给了孩子们，可推理出作者同意孩子们到超市买水，故选C项。 10．答案与解析：B　根据下文“They replied that it made them feel really good.”可知，孩子们从超市回来的路上感觉很好，可推理出孩子们脸上带着微笑，故选B项。 11．答案与解析：A　根据下文“let him go first to the cash register”可知孩子们让拿着许多东西的老人先付款，展示了他们的礼貌，所以空白处应填表示“礼貌地”含义的副词，故选A项。 12．答案与解析：D　根据下文“能为别人做一件好事是什么感觉”可知这是作者问孩子们的问题，故选D项。 13．答案与解析：A　根据上文以及下文“they noticed a way they could make someone's day a little”可知作者的孩子很礼貌地让拿着很多东西的老人先付款，并收获了喜悦的感觉。看到孩子们学会了从帮助别人中得到快乐，作者感到自豪，故选A项。 14．答案与解析：B　根据上文可知孩子们让拿着许多东西的老人先付款，展示了自己的礼貌，让老人感到内心舒适，故选B项。 15．答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，作者的孩子们从帮助别人中获得了快乐，作者认为这就是最好的回报，故选D项。 Ⅱ.语法填空 [2024·河北省保定市高三一模]Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture. But 1.________ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it. The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology, thus 2.________ (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition, communication, tourism services and heritage protection. The Palace Museum, 3.________ (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety, has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 4.________ independent intellectual property rights (IPR).The 5.________ (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system, risk judgment and early warning systems, and preventive measures. With the introduction of AI, big data and cloud computing, the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 6.________ emergency platform for immovable cultural relics. Additionally, digital technologies 7.________ (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics. It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information, 850，000 pieces/sets of images, 1，500 threedimensional models and highprecision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas, bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8.________ (good) digital services for internet users. The Palace Museum is 9.________ (true) an amazing example of applying the 10.________ (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。 1．答案与解析：what　考查主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语成分，用what引导。 2．答案与解析：enhancing　考查现在分词。空处为非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 3．答案与解析：equipped　考查非谓语动词。The Palace Museum与equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词。 4．答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。 5．答案与解析：historical　考查形容词。句意：利用历史风险数据研究和编制安全风险评估指标体系、风险判断和预警系统，以及预防措施。表示“历史的”用形容词historical修饰名词。 6．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。句意：随着人工智能、大数据和云计算的引入，博物馆还建立了独特的不可移动文物监测与响应系统和应急平台。platform为可数名词，泛指“一个应急平台”，故填an。 7．答案与解析：have been applied　考查时态语态。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been applied。 8．答案与解析：better　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。 9．答案与解析：truly　考查副词。句意：故宫博物院将现代和传统技术相结合，用于修复和保存更多文物，这确实是一个令人惊叹的例子。修饰谓语动词应用副词truly。 10．答案与解析：combination　考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 [2024·山东省济宁市曲阜市期中试题]假定你是李华，你校正在举办以“Volunteering”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1．参加志愿活动的经历； 2．参加志愿活动的益处； 3．号召大家积极参与。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Hello, everyone！It's my honour to speak here today.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Hello, everyone! It's my honour to speak here today. Volunteering is of great importance and doing voluntary work is a win­win situation for all involved. Take my experience for example. Last week, I participated in a voluntary activity called “Making an effort to beautify our community” where volunteers assisted to sweep roads, pick up rubbish and take care of roadside plants. Through this activity, not only have I made our community more attractive, but also I've benefited a lot, such as improved physical and mental health, a sense of purpose and deeper self­confidence. Let's make good use of our spare time and take part in voluntary activities! Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a halfdozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation._________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you'd win! I am proud of you. You made it！” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It's you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. Again thank you very much！” I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn't like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social studies teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 2.deadly diseases 致命的疾病 3.born in Nanjing， Jiangsu Province 出生在江苏省南京市 4.do/perform/conduct an experiment 做实验 5.receive a fair trial 受到公正的审判 6.low-income/one-parent households低收入/单亲家庭 7.postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟去上海 8.without sufficient data没有充足的数据 9.a glaring error 一个明显的错误 10.a woman of great wisdom 一位才女 11.a car/road/traffic accident 一起车祸/公路事故/交通事故 12.put theory into practice将理论应用于实践 13.thunderstorm and lightning电闪雷鸣 14.make her standout使她鹤立鸡群 15.be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中 16.declare the sports meet open 宣布运动会开幕 17.publish a number of books 出版大量书籍 18.conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 ①conduct an experiment/a survey 做实验/调查 ②conduct an orchestra 指挥一个管弦乐队 ③conduct herself in a most gracious manner 她举止非常文雅 19.charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 ①free of charge 免费 ②be charged with abusing power被控告滥用职权 ③take charge of the company负责管理公司 20.credit n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 ①get/refuse credit 允许/拒绝赊购 ②pay by credit card用信用卡付款 ③to one’s credit 值得称赞的是 21.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒（prefer）；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 To begin with， I’m in favour of your decision to start a spoken English seminar， which will surely benefit us. （邮件） 首先，我赞成你决定开办一个英语口语研讨会，这肯定对我们有益。 22.intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指 The program with the theme “Culture differences” is intended to arouse students’ interest in different cultures， especially Western culture about American cuisine. （活动介绍） 这个以“文化差异”为主题的节目旨在唤起学生对不同文化的兴趣，特别是关于美国美食的西方文化。 23. beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 I am sure this activity will be beneficial to everyone. （活动介绍） 我相信这次活动对大家都是有益的。 二、阅读词汇 1.malaria n.疟疾 2.extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3.herb n.药草，香草；草本 4.penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 5.mould n.霉菌；模具；类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 6.metal n.金属 7.bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 8.negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 9.ribbon n.带子，丝带；带状物 10.atomic adj.原子能的；原子的 11.intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 12.mystery n.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）；悬疑作品 13.[人教选必一UNIT 5]For example， pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects， but also helpful ones. n.（sing.bacterium）细菌 14.[外研选必一UNIT 5]It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution. n.进化；演变，发展 15.[北师大必修二UNIT 4]As Eileen Kennedy-Moore， an authority on the subject， points out， online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”. n.权威；官方 三、派生词汇 1.survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过（难关）→survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者 2.broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地→broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围 3.limited adj.有限的→limit n.& vt.限制→limitation n.限制；局限；极限 4.container n.容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 5.illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n.图解，图示 6.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.周围的环境 7.indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n.表明；暗示 8.intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.才智 9.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的；支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 10.politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n.政治（学）→political adj.政治的 11.scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 12.moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 13.ignorance n.无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 14.freedom n.自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 15.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 16.nationality n.国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的→nation n.国家；民族 17.electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→electricity n.电；电学；电流 短语词块 1.refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2.speed up（使）加速 3.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 4.through trial and error反复试验 5.by accident偶然，意外地 6.with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7.let sb down使某人失望 8.as to关于，至于 9.take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10.put forward提出，提议，建议 11.make a difference有影响，起作用 12.thanks to因为，多亏了 13.far from the truth根本不是事实 14.a desire for truth对真理的渴望 15.a greatly increased chance of survival生存的机会大大增加 16.at a low temperature在低温下 17.have sufficient safety data有足够的安全数据 18.great potential for future advances未来发展潜力巨大 19.a world-changing discovery一个改变世界的发现 20.mass production大量生产；成批生产 21.the driving force动力，驱动力，推动力 22.to the credit of science归功于科学 23.in the early days of science在科学的早期 24.the fruit of freedom of thought思想自由的果实 教材句式 1.句式：主语＋谓语＋the first/second/... to do sth 原句：Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize， awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2.句式：过去分词短语作状语 原句：Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3.句式：it was not until ...that ...强调句 原句：However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4.句式：含蓄虚拟条件句 原句：Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine， Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 5.句式：“疑问词＋-ever”引导让步状语从句；“do＋动词原形”表强调 原句：Whatever the truth，Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. 不管真相如何，富兰克林的确对电学的研究做出了贡献。 6.句式：it作形式宾语 原句：Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 专项练习 Ⅰ.完形填空 [2024·湖北省宜昌市期中联考]I've been working hard with my children on recognizing when someone does something nice for us. He doesn't have to do something super __1__， but small things around us, like offering to open a door for us, and stopping his car to let us __2__ the road. We should say thank you in recognition of that gesture. Also we recognize that someone may __3__ our help and we offer assistance without expecting anything __4__. Recently we were in a small shopping center and stopped for a(n) __5__ bite to eat at noon. I didn't bring my kids __6__ as we weren't going to stay there for a long time. Kids being kids, of course couldn't __7__， so they wondered if they could go to the supermarket to __8__ a bottle of water each. I gave them my gift card and said __9__. Afterwards they came running back with a big __10__　on their faces. They told me they saw an old man behind them in the shopping line with lots of things in his arms and they __11__ let him go first to the cash register. I __12__ how it made them feel to be able to do a kind thing for someone else. They replied that it made them feel really good. It wasn't a big gesture. However, it made my heart swell (充满) with __13__ as they noticed a way they could make someone's day a little __14__. It seems that we can gain little by helping others, but I believe being a caring and helpful man is the best __15__. 1．A.annoying B．touching C．general D．secret 2．A.ignore B．build C．cross D．close 3．A.need B．show C．refuse D．fear 4．A.in trouble B．in common C．in peace D．in return 5．A.slow B．quick C．extra D．safe 6．A.gifts B．food C．drinks D．surprise 7．A.admit B．breathe C．prove D．wait 8．A.buy B．earn C．open D．book 9．A.no B．sorry C．yes D．thanks 10．A.sign B．smile C．note D．line 11．A.politely B．rudely C．suddenly D．hardly 12．A.recorded B．recalled C．guessed D．asked 13．A.pride B．shyness C．worry D．hesitation 14．A.longer B．easier C．faster D．sadder 15．A.approach B．comment C．effort D．Reward Ⅱ.语法填空 [2024·河北省保定市高三一模]Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture. But 1.________ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it. The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology, thus 2.________ (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition, communication, tourism services and heritage protection. The Palace Museum, 3.________ (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety, has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 4.________ independent intellectual property rights (IPR).The 5.________ (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system, risk judgment and early warning systems, and preventive measures. With the introduction of AI, big data and cloud computing, the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 6.________ emergency platform for immovable cultural relics. Additionally, digital technologies 7.________ (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics. It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information, 850，000 pieces/sets of images, 1，500 threedimensional models and highprecision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas, bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8.________ (good) digital services for internet users. The Palace Museum is 9.________ (true) an amazing example of applying the 10.________ (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics. Ⅲ.应用文写作 [2024·山东省济宁市曲阜市期中试题]假定你是李华，你校正在举办以“Volunteering”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1．参加志愿活动的经历； 2．参加志愿活动的益处； 3．号召大家积极参与。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Hello, everyone！It's my honour to speak here today.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a halfdozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation._________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$