Module 1（知识清单） -2024-2025学年英语五年级下册单元速记·巧练系列（外研版三起）

Module 1 知 识 归 纳 必记单词 四会 night夜晚, 夜间 work 工作; 劳动; 干活儿 or(用于否定句中)也不, 也没 write写 三会 naughty淘气的 shy害羞的 cute 可爱的 常考短语 many years ago 许多年以前 last night 昨晚 every day 每天 live in 住在······ watch TV 看电视 talk to 跟······交谈 talk about谈论 cook on a fire 在火上做饭 in the fields在田地里 a programme about China一个关于中国的节目 enough food足够的食物 a small house 一座小房子 be different from与……不同 必会句型 1.描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态的句型： 主语+动词过去式+其他. 2.表达过去没有某物的句型： There wasn't/ weren't+名词(+其他). 3.描述某人过去没有某物的句型： 主语+ didn't have+名词(+其他). 4.表达某人过去不会做某事的句型： 主语+ couldn't+动词原形(+其他). 核心语法 1.规则动词的过去式： 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；或表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作和行为。 2.there be句型的一般过去时 3.一般过去时的否定句 否定句：主语+ didn't+动词原形+其他./主语+ wasn't/ weren't+其他. 4.any 与 some的用法区别 5.or 和 and的用法 考 点 速 记 [考点1] 规则动词的过去式 Yesterday I watched TV with my grandchildren. 昨天我跟孙子孙女一起看了电视。 解析：规则动词是指按照一般规则变化其时态和形式的动词，它们的变化规则相对简单。 ❶ 一般情况，直接在动词词尾加-ed。 如：plant→planted look→looked play→played visit→visited pick→picked ❷ 以不发音的 e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。如: 如：like→liked live→lived close→closed skate→skated use→used ❸ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y改为i再加-ed。 如：study→studied try→tried carry→carried ❹ 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，过去式一般直接在词尾加-ed。 如：play→played ❺ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母(尾字母)，再加-ed。如：stop→stopped plan→planned 提分练 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. listen—________ 2. shout—________ 3. like—________ 4. dance—________ 5. cry—________ 6. jump—________ 7. walk—________ 8. shop—________ 9. study—________ 10. climb—________ 11. help—________ 12. answer ________ 13. wash—________ 14. clean—________ 提分练 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The students of Class 1 ________(plant) trees in the park last Saturday. 2. It often ________(rain) here in spring. It ________(rain) yesterday. 3. Long long ago, people ________(use) wood ________(make) a fire. 4. Nancy's family ________(help) her uncle and aunt________(pick) some oranges on the farm last month. 5. I ________(call) my mother this morning. 6. She ________(watch) TV every evening. But she ________(cook) for her parents yesterday. 7. I ________(walk) to the park with my parents yesterday evening. 8. The students ________(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 9. The girls ________(dance) very well at the party last Children's Day. 10. Mike ________(jump) high on last Sports Day. [考点2] there be句型的一般过去时 There weren't any televisions.没有电视。 There weren't many buses.没有许多公共汽车。 一、there be句型的概念· there be句型表示某处有某人/某物。后跟名词或名词短语(主语)，最后跟地点状语或时间状语。 注意区别：表达某人有某物，要用have/has。 二、there be句型的就近原则 there be句型中,几个名词并列时, be动词由最近的名词单复数决定。 如: There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。 三、there be句型一般过去时的句型结构 1.肯定句: 如果be动词后面是可数名词单数或不可数名词， be动词用was；如果be动词后面是可数名词复数, be动词用were。 2.否定句: be动词后加not,可缩写成wasn't/weren't。 3.一般疑问句： ★把was / were提到句首并大写首字母,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换, 句号改为问号。 如:(1) There was an old house by the river five years ago.五年前,河边有一座老房子。 (2) There weren't any cars in the street yesterday.昨天的街道上没有汽车。 (3) Was there a hospital here last year? 去年这里有一家医院吗? 提分练 三、用be动词的正确形式填空。 1. Two years ago, there ________a big shop in our town. 2. There ________ five students in the classroom just now. 3. There ________a pen and two books on the desk yesterday. 4. There ________ two nice pictures on the wall last Sunday. 提分练 四、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There ________ a book and three pencils on the desk. A. be B. is C. are ( )2. ________ there a new bike in front of our classroom? A. Is B. Are C. Do ( ) 3. There ________ any books on your desk. A. aren't B. isn't C. don't ( ) 4. There isn't________ food in the fridge. A. some B. a C. any 提分练 五、按要求完成下列各题。 1. There were some students outside. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ students outside. 2. There was some milk in the bottle.(改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ ________ milk in the bottle? 3. There was a man in the park yesterday. (改为复数句) ________ ________ ________ ________ in the park yesterday. [考点3] 一般过去时的否定句 There weren't many buses.没有许多公共汽车。 We didn't have enough food.我们没有足够的食物。 解析：一般过去时的否定句有两种情况： (1) 谓语动词为实义动词时，一般过去时的否定结构为: 主语+ didn't +动词原形(+其他). did是助动词 do的过去式, didn't 是 did not 的缩写形式，后面要接动词原形。 典例：I didn't have a computer many years ago.很多年前, 我没有电脑。 (2) 谓语动词为be动词时，一般过去时的否定结构为: 主语+was/were+not+其他. 典例：We weren't at school last week.我们上周不在学校。 注意: 否定句中some要变成any。 提分练 六、按要求完成下列各题。 1. I watch TV at home.(用 yesterday改写句子) I ________ TV at home yesterday. 2. I visited the London Eye last Sunday. (改成否定句) I ________ ________ the London Eye last Sunday. 3. We lived in a small house three years ago. We ________ in a small house three years ago. : 4. I went swimming with my sister yesterday. I ________ swimming with my sister yesterday. 5. They were on the farm last Saturday.(改为否定句) They ________ on the farm last Saturday. [考点4] any 与 some的用法区别 But he didn't have any legs then.但他当时没有任何腿。 But some changes l really like.但有些变化我真的很喜欢。 解析:·some和any都有“一些”的意思，它们既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。 ·some常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定句或疑问句中。 ·在表示请求、邀请或希望得到对方肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。此时，句中常出现情态动词can、may、could、would等。 ·any也可以用于肯定句中，此时any后面接可数名词单数，意为“任何一个”，起强调作用。 典例： I have some books. 我有一些书。（肯定句） I don’t have any books. 我没有书。（否定句） Do you have any books? 你有一些书吗？（疑问句）[来源:Z。xx。k.Com] Would you like some rice? 你想要一些米饭吗？ Any students can answer this question. 任何一个学生都可以回答这个问题。 提分练 七、用some或any填空，补全句子。 1. Look! We have ___________ toy dogs. 2. I have ___________ pears, but I don’t have ___________ apples. 3. Would you like ___________ water? 4. Look! They have ___________ bananas. 5. I see ___________ boys in the playground. 6. Do you see ___________ pens on the desk? 7. —Do you have ___________ grapes? —No, I don’t. 8. We don’t have ___________ robots. [考点5] or 和 and的用法 She didn't have a television or a radio. 她没有电视,也没有收音机。 ➊ and的用法 and是连词，意为“而且，和”，可用于连接两个意思对等的单词或句子。在并列结构中，and用于肯定句，意为“和、与”。如: Jason and Jay are brothers. 杰森和杰伊是兄弟。 ❷ or的用法 (1) or也是连词，在并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，意为“还是，或是”。如： My little sister couldn't read or write. 我的小妹妹既不会读也不会写。 (2) or用在选择疑问句中，意为“或者，还是”，让对方在答案中“二选一”。如： —Did you do your homework or watch TV last night? 你昨晚做作业了还是看电视了? —I did my homework last night. 我昨晚做了作业。 (3) or在句型“祈使句+ or+陈述句(一般将来时).”中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，or意为“否则，要不然”。如： Work hard, or you will fall behind. 你要努力学习，否则会落后。 Get up early, or you will be late. 早点起床,否则你会迟到。 提分练 八、选出合适的单词，补全句子。 1. There are some pupils ________(or/ and) teachers on the playground. 2. Study hard, ________(or/ and) your Chinese will be better. 3. Would you like some coffee ________(or/ and) tea? 4. Hurry up ________(or/ and) finish your homework. 5. Come on ________(or/ and) you will be late. 6. They didn't sing ________(or/ and) dance. 提分练 九、连词成句。 1. lots, there, buses, of, cars, are, and(.) ________________________________________________________ 2. write, read, she, or, couldn't(.) ________________________________________________________ 3. or, she, television, a, didn't, radio, a, have(.) ________________________________________________________ 4. and, legs, two, are, there, two, hands(.) ________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、1. listened 2. shouted 3. liked 4. danced 5. cried 6. jumped 7. walked 8. shopped 9. studied 10. climbed 11. helped 12. answered 13. washed 14. cleaned 二、1. planted 2. rains, rained 3. used, to make4. helped, picked 5. called 6. watches, cooked 7. walked 8. played 9. danced 10. jumped 三、1. was 点拨: 在 there be 句型中, be动词的形式由其后的名词决定。a big shop是单数, 又由 Two years ago 可知, 句子是一般过去时, 所以 be 动词用 was。 2. were 3. was 点拨: 在 there be 句型中, be 动词的形式由离它最近的名词决定。apen是单数, 又由 yesterday可知, 句子是一般过去时, 所以 be 动词用 was。 4. were 四、1. B 解析：根据there be 句型的就近原则, 与be动词相邻的主语是a book, 故选B。 2. A 解析：由主语a new bike 可知 be 动词用⑥六年级 英语 上 (YL版) is, 故选 A。 3. A 解析：由 any books 可知该句是主语为复数的否定句，故选 A。 4. C 解析：该句是 there be 句型的否定句, some应改为any, 故选C。 五、1. weren't any 2. Was there any 3. There were some men 六、1. watched 解析：一般过去时的陈述句的肯定句结构为：“主语+动词过去式+其他.”。 2. didn't visit 解析：一般过去时的陈述句的否定句结构为：“主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.”。 3. didn't live 解析：一般过去时的否定句是在谓语动词前面加上 didn’ t，同时将谓语动词还原。故填 didn't live。 4. didn't go 5.weren’t 七、1.some 2.some, any 3.some 4.some 5.some 6.any 7.any 8.any 八、1. and 2. and 3. or 4. and5. or 6. or 九、1. There are lots of cars and buses. / There are lots of buses and cars. 2. She couldn't read or write. 3. She didn't have a television or a radio. 4. There are two legs and two hands. / There are two hands and two legs. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$