精品解析：上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷

2024学年第一学期向明中学期中考试 高三年级英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A dress-up party. B. The tailor’s. C. The theatre. D. A shopping mall. 2. A. Waiter. B. Car dealer. C. Mechanic. D. Driver. 3. A.15. B.30. C.50. D.450. 4. A. He enjoyed the food there. B. The place was beautiful. C. He watched fireworks. D. He met an old friend. 5. A. The time is not convenient. B. Her house is not big enough. C. A few people won’t show up. D. There won’t be enough food. 6. A. It is going to clear up tomorrow. B. She won’t go to the beach if it rains. C. She would like the man to go to the beach. D. It was pouring when she was at the beach. 7. A. How to handle pressure. B. How to keep fit. C. What to take up as a hobby. D. What to play with. 8. A. The film cost too much despite its high quality. B. The man didn’t like the film but the woman did. C. The man missed the film because of the woman. D. The man saw the film upon the suggestion of the woman. 9. A. He set fire to the skyscraper. B. He was trying to clear the road. C. He found out what was going on. D. He parked his car beside the skyscraper. 10. A. The woman would sew them back on. B. The woman would quarrel with the man. C. The man would not take the responsibility. D. The man gave the woman a good suggestion. Section B (15分，每题1.5分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. At 6:15. B. At 6:45. C. At 7:15. D. At 7:45. 12. A. Students who are often late for school. B. All the students of Durfee High School. C. Parents sending notes to the headmaster. D. Parents who are always late for work. 13. A. Call the students at 6:15. B. Give every student an alarm clock. C. Make study hours longer. D. Post students’ names on the school website. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Test flights are not affordable. B. Rockets are sent on one-way missions. C. Rockets are easily damaged before test. D. Rockets are made of high-quality materials. 15. A. New Shepard. B. Blue Origin. C. Amazon. D. Jeff Bezos. 16. A. It can be refueled in the air and fly 100 km again. B. It was developed by a private company but did not pass the test. C. It was successfully launched and fell back to the Earth afterward. D. It reached an altitude of 100 km and landed safely back on Earth. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Travelling to France. B. Learning a new language. C. Developing a language course. D. Learning French from the woman. 18. A. She learned it in a big class. B. She did grammar exercises. C. She learned it in a one-to-one manner. D. She lived in France for a year. 19. A. She used to teach French. B. She goes to France a lot lately. C. She still speaks good French now. D. She has forgotten a lot of French. 20. A. Avoid making a fool of himself. B. Practice whenever and wherever he can. C. Work in a French restaurant. D. Don’t worry about the class size. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. South Korean author Han Kang wins the Nobel prize in literature The 2024 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to Han Kang, a South Korean author, for her “intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.” Han is the first South Korean author ___1___ (win) the literature prize, and just the 18th woman out of the 117 prizes awarded since 1901. Han, 53, began her career with a group of poems in a South Korean magazine, ___2___ making her prose debut in 1995 with a short story collection. She later began writing longer prose works, ___3___ (notably) The Vegetarian, one of her first books to be translated into English. The novel, which won the Man Booker International Prize in 2016, ___4___ (chart) a young woman’s attempt to live a more “plant-like” existence after suffering horrible nightmares about human cruelty. ___5___ many of Han’s protagonists are women, her prose works are often narrated from the perspective of men. “Before my wife turned vegetarian, I’d always thought of her as completely unremarkable in every way, her novel The Vegetarian begins. “However, if there wasn’t any special attraction, ___6___ did any particular drawbacks present themselves, therefore there was no reason for the two of us not to get married.” Originally written and published in Korean, “The Vegetarian” was translated by Deborah Smith, ___7___ was 28 at the time. Smith, by her own admission, was “monolingual until she was 21 years old,” and only chose to pursue Korean ___8___ a lack of English-Korean translators. Han’s novels rocketed up South Korea’s bestseller lists ___9___ (follow) the announcement. As of Friday morning, her books occupied all of the top 10 spots in popular online retailer Yes 24’s chart for Korean titles. The bookseller told CNN over the phone that three of them — Human Acts, The Vegetarian and I Do Not Bid Farewell — ___10___ (reach) combined sales of 70,000 units during the 14 hours immediately after the news was announced. Elsewhere, several high-profile figures paid tribute to the novelist via social media, including musicians RM and V, members of the K-pop group BTS. “I read Human Acts in the army,” the latter wrote on Instagram Stories. “Congratulations!” 【答案】1. to win 2. before 3. most notably 4. charts 5. Although##Though##While 6. nor 7. who 8. due to 9. following 10. had reached 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是韩国作家Han Kang荣获2024年诺贝尔文学奖的消息及其相关背景。 【1题详解】 考查不定式。句意：Han是首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的韩国作家，也是自1901年以来颁发的117个诺贝尔文学奖中第18位女性。author前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to win。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：现年53岁的Han是在一家韩国杂志上发表了一组诗歌后开启了自己的职业生涯，随后于1995年凭借一部短篇小说集首次涉足散文领域。她是在1995年凭借一部短篇小说集首次涉足散文领域之前开始写作生涯的，空格处意为“在……之前”，用before，故填before。 【3题详解】 考查副词最高级。句意：后来，她开始写长篇散文作品，最著名的是《素食者》，这是她最早被翻译成英文的作品之一。The Vegetarian是她最著名的作品，因此空格处用最高级most notably。故填most notably。 【4题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这部小说于2016年获得布克国际文学奖，讲述了一位年轻女子在经历了关于人类残酷的可怕噩梦后，试图过一种更“像植物一样”的生活。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The novel是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填charts。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然她的许多散文主人公都是女性，但她的散文作品往往是从男性的角度来叙述的。根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然她的许多散文主人公都是女性，但她的散文作品往往是从男性的角度来叙述的”，空格处意为“虽然”，是although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 【6题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，如果没有什么特别的吸引力，也没有什么特别的缺点，那么我们两个人就没有理由不结婚。由空前“there wasn’t”和空后“did any particular drawbacks present themselves”是部分倒装可知，空格处用否定副词nor，表示“也不”，句子表示“如果没有什么特别的吸引力，也没有什么特别的缺点，那么我们两个人就没有理由不结婚”。故填nor。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《素食者》最初是用韩语撰写和出版的，由当时28岁的Deborah Smith翻译。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Deborah Smith是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 【8题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：史密斯自己承认，“直到21岁，她一直都只会说一种语言”，而她之所以选择学习韩语，仅仅是因为缺乏英韩翻译人员。根据语境可知，句子表示“她之所以选择学习韩语，仅仅是因为缺乏英韩翻译人员”，空格处意为“因为，由于”，是due to。故填due to。 9题详解】 考查介词。句意：消息公布后，Han的小说迅速登上了韩国畅销书排行榜。根据句意及空后“the announcement”可知，空处应填following，作介词用，表示“在……以后，作为……的继续或结果”。故填following。 【10题详解】 考查时态。句意：书商在电话中告诉CNN，这三本书——《人类行为》，《素食者》和《我不告别》——在新闻宣布后的14小时内，累计销售量达到了70,000册。由“during the 14 hours immediately after the news was announced”中为一般过去时可知，空处句子时态用过去完成时，表示在过去的过去完成的动作，故填had reached。 Section B (20分，每题2分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. digital B. initiative C. considerable D. safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has ___11___ the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - ___12___ above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its ___13___ age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the ___14___ threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will ___15___ this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a ___16___ twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes ___17___ to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they ___18___ adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using ___19___ technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This ____20____ embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. 【答案】11. H 12. J 13. C 14. I 15. D 16. A 17. F 18. G 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了联想集团与清华大学建筑学院合作，利用人工智能技术启动了“智能应县木塔”项目，不仅可供人们互动探索，还能帮助加速修复工作，确保修复工作保持原貌，保护历史完整性。联想集团希望在全球范围内参与更多类似的遗产保护项目，并欢迎更多合作机会。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残，幸存于战争的混乱和自然灾害的肆虐之中。设空处使用动词与前文的has构成现在完成时，根据下文surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters可知，这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残。表示“（受风吹雨打而）（使）褪色，（使）风化，”用weather。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这座67米高的建筑（也被称为佛宫寺释迦塔）耸立在周围的景色之上，多层的木屋顶与周围的山丘和点缀着的小建筑形成了鲜明的对比。设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示“这座67米高的建筑耸立在周围的景色之上”，tower为动词意为“高耸；屹立”，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子主语为structure为第三人称单数，故用towers。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管这座佛塔具有惊人的坚固耐久度，但它仍显露出颇为可观的年岁痕迹。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰age，此处表示“相当的，可观的”用considerable。故选C项。 14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这座建于1056年的佛塔被联合国教科文组织认定为世界上最古老、最高的全木结构建筑，它面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁。根据上文“weathering, structural fatigue”及下文“threat of wood decay”可知，这座佛塔面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁，ever-present意为“总是存在的；持续不断的”符合语境。故选I项。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝。设空处使用动词作谓语，与前文的will构成一般将来时，此处表示“全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝”safeguard意为“保护；维护”符合语境。故选D项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：联想与清华大学建筑学院合作，推出了“智能应贤塔”项目，创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生，捕捉建筑的每一个精致细节，从复杂的木纹到雕像的细微缺陷。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词twin，此处表示“联想启动了“智慧应县木塔”项目，以创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生复制品”，digital意为“数字的”符合语境。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种基于AI的复制技术不仅仅是一个高保真虚拟模型——这种互动、可导航的体验使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，让世界各地的人们都能探索和研究其古老的殿堂。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据上文“This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model”及下文“to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient ”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，access“接触；进入”符合语境，且为不可数名词。故选F项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，它还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，从而保持佛塔的历史完整性。设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词。根据下文“adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，strictly为副词，意为“严格地”符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”根据上文“using”及下文“technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future”可知，联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。cutting-edge意为“尖端的；先进的”符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一举措体现了我们致力于为所有人提供更智能的人工智能的承诺。设空处使用名词作主语。initiative意为“举措；计划”符合语境。故选B项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分，每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to take criticism well We all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with ___21___ but feel aggrieved it the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. ___22___, though, each of us can change how we take criticism, in ways that will make us more ___23___ to taking offense, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism can include ___24___, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What vexes us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned, so called ___25___ criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to hurt or damage. Criticism of either type is intrinsically hard to accept because of the way our brains process it. Neuroscientists said that criticism stimulates the regions of the brain involved in ___26___ cognition more than those in cognition control itself. For instance, when someone says your work isn’t good enough, your natural first thought may be They must not like me, rather than What can I do to improve it? In other words, the recipient of criticism might be attempting to understand the beliefs and feelings of the critic rather than ___27___ the criticism itself. The only way to ___28___ in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting critical feedback. When receiving criticism, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our ___29___ abilities, rather than on our performance. Viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less _____30_____ when performing tasks. The solution is to set up an internal affirmation such as: “I don’t care what this feedback says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me. I will assess it _____31_____ about the matter at hand.” This moves the focus from _____32_____ to analysis and enables you to judge the information on its merits (or lack thereof). Once you _____33_____ criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct _____34_____ and improve. Studies of student performance have shown that those who learn to use feedback _____35_____ tend to get better grades and have better study habits. If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the grit to do so is to ask friends or colleagues whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving honest suggestions. 21. A. caution B. abandon C. patience D. satisfaction 22. A. Consequently B. Indeed C. Fortunately D. Instead 23. A. accustomed B. alert C. immune D. ready 24. A. perspectives B. comments C. attacks D. compliments 25. A. constructive B. leading C. objective D. honest 26. A. inner B. social C. collective D. individual 27. A. assessing B. rejecting C. doubting D. ignoring 28. A. integrate B. thrive C. withdraw D. persevere 29. A. intellectual B. innovative C. inherent D. invaluable 30. A. reliance B. appreciation C. attention D. persistence 31. A. on its face B. under its nose C. in its eyes D. on its back 32. A. emotion B. judgement C. criticism D. cognition 33. A. internalize B. depersonalize C. standardize D. neutralize 34. A. cause B. conflict C. course D. confusion 35. A. actively B. continuously C. frequently D. extensively 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了批评对我们的影响以及我们应该如何正确地对待批评。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们随心所欲地发贴和评论别人，但对别人评价我们的方式感到委屈，无论是在网上还是在现实生活中。A. caution谨慎；B. abandon放任，放纵；C. patience耐心；D. satisfaction满意。根据上文“We all love to criticize.”提到我们喜欢评论，以及下文“but feel aggrieved it the way others assess us, both online and in person.”由此可知，此处应表示我们随心所欲地发贴和评论别人。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式，使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。A. Consequently因此；B. Indeed的确；C. Fortunately幸运的是；D. Instead相反的是。根据下文“in ways that will make us more ___3___ to taking offense, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative”提到从反馈中受益，由此可知，此处应表示幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式，使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。A. accustomed习惯的，适应的；B. alert警觉的；C. immune免疫的，不受影响的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文“and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative”可知，此处应表示使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：批评可以包括赞美，但这不是我们所关心的。A. perspectives看法；B. comments评论；C. attacks攻击；D. compliments赞美。根据下文“but that isn’t what concerns us here”和“What vexes us is criticism of the negative variety”提到让我们烦恼的是消极的批评，可知，此处应表示批评可以包括赞美，但这不是我们所关心的。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我们烦恼的是消极的批评，即使是善意的，也就是所谓的建设性批评，这意味着提供指导，让我们能够改进。A. constructive建设性的；B. leading领先的；C. objective客观的；D. honest诚实的。根据下文“which means to provide guidance so we can improve”可知，此处应表示建设性批评，这意味着提供指导，让我们能够改进。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：神经学家说，批评对大脑中与社会认知有关的区域的刺激比认知控制本身的区域更大。A. inner内部的；B. social社会的；C. collective集体的；D. individual个人的。根据下文“For instance, when someone says your work isn’t good enough, your natural first thought may be They must not like me, rather than What can I do to improve it?”提到社会关系，由此可知，此处应表示批评对大脑中与社会认知有关的区域的刺激比认知控制本身的区域更大。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，批评的接受者可能会试图理解批评者的信念和感受，而不是评估批评本身。A. assessing评估；B. rejecting拒绝；C. doubting怀疑；D. ignoring忽视。根据上文“the recipient of criticism might be attempting to understand the beliefs and feelings of the critic”可知，此处应表示批评的接受者可能会试图理解批评者的信念和感受，而不是评估批评本身。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，要想在这种情况下茁壮成长，唯一的办法就是养成接受批评反馈的新习惯。A. integrate整合；B. thrive茁壮成长；C. withdraw提取；D. persevere坚持。根据句意以及下文“is to adopt new habits of getting critical feedback”可知，此处应表示要想在这种情况下茁壮成长，唯一的办法就是养成接受批评反馈的新习惯。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当接受批评时，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们内在能力的评判，而不是对我们表现的评判。A. intellectual智力的；B. innovative革新的；C. inherent内在的，固有的；D. invaluable无价的。根据下文“rather than on our performance.”和“Viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth”提到把批评看作是对一个人能力的评判，会导致自我价值感降低，由此可知，此处应表示当接受批评时，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们内在能力的评判。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：将批评视为对自己能力的评判，会导致自我价值感降低，积极情绪降低，在完成任务时毅力下降。A. reliance依赖；B. appreciation感激；C. attention注意；D. persistence毅力。根据上文“lower self-worth, lower positive mood” 以及下文“when performing tasks”可知，此处应表示在完成任务时毅力下降。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：对于眼前的事情，我只是从表面评估一下。A. on its face从表面上看；B. under its nose在它眼皮底下；C. in its eyes在它眼里；D. on its back在背上。根据下文“about the matter at hand”可知，此处应表示对于眼前的事情，只是就事论事评估一下。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将注意力从情感转移到分析，使你能够判断信息的优点（或缺点）。A. emotion情绪；B. judgement判断；C. criticism批评；D. cognition认知。根据上文“I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me.”可知，这样做可以将注意力从主观情感转移到客观分析。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你通过这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就能开始看到它本身的样子了：这是外人对你表现的罕见看法，因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。A. internalize内在化；B. depersonalize使失去个性，去个人化；C. standardize标准化；D. neutralize中和。根据上文提到的选择不把它看作是人身攻击，以及下文“you can start to see it for what it is”由此可知，此处应表示一旦你以这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就可以开始看到它的本来面目。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你通过这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就能开始看到它本身的样子了：这是外人对你表现的罕见看法，因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。A. cause原因；B. conflict冲突；C. course方针，总方向，行动方式；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“a potential opportunity”以及下文“and improve”由此可知，此处应表示因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对学生表现的研究表明，那些学会积极利用反馈的人往往会取得更好的成绩，养成更好的学习习惯。A. actively积极地；B. continuously连续不断地；C. frequently频繁地；D. extensively广泛地。根据句意以及下文“tend to get better grades and have better study habits”由此可知，此处应表示那些学会积极利用反馈的人往往会取得更好的成绩，养成更好的学习习惯。故选A项。 Section B (22分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Good morning, everyone. Good morning.” It’s 5:30 a. m. , and a speaker-announcement jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.” I launch myself out of bed, darting out of my cabin and up to a viewing deck. There they are, arching their knobby dorsal fins gracefully above the water and casting their flukes into the crisp morning air before taking a shallow dive. Shortly after, the sunrise announces itself. Then, icebergs appear out of the mist. “I can’t believe I’m here,” I think. “I can’t believe I’m in Greenland.” I’m on a 12-day expedition cruise aboard Lindblad Expeditions’ National Geographic Endurance, a small boat outfitted with landing craft. Our journey will take us along the thin strip of the “green” in Greenland on its southwest coast — from the post-glacial landscape in Kangerlussuaq in the Arctic Circle, to the tidewater glaciers of Ikerasassuaq — all the way to Iceland. Expedition cruises are the choice of adventurous, nature-loving and sustainability minded passengers who want to visit remote places, while also having a luxury experience. The locations of these expeditions are often threatened by climate change. But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 36. In paragraph 2, the underlined “they” refer to ________. A. the icebergs. B. the dorsal fins. C. other passengers. D. humpback whales. 37. Why did the author and Kurt Hillig board the expedition cruise to Iceland? A. To relax themselves in a luxurious way. B. To see and document the endangered landscapes. C. To do research work on the remote threatened environments. D. To witness the breathtaking sight of humpback whales and icebergs. 38. What attitude does the author hold towards this travel? A. Excited. B. Astonished. C. Regretful. D. Reflective. 39. The best title for the passage is ________. A. Last-Chance Tourism B. A Sustainable Expedition C. Escaping to Endangered Places D. Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship(我们船外有大约20头座头鲸)”以及第二段“…, arching their knobby dorsal fins gracefully above the water and casting their flukes into the crisp morning air before taking a shallow dive.(……优雅地将它们凹凸不平的背鳍弓起在水面之上，在潜入浅滩之前，将它们的尾鳍甩向清新的早晨空气中)”可知，此处they指代上文提到的“humpback whales（座头鲸）”，此处指座头鲸在水面优雅地活动。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Expedition cruises are the choice of adventurous, nature-loving and sustainability-minded passengers who want to visit remote places, while also having a luxury experience. The locations of these expeditions are often threatened by climate change.(探险巡航是那些爱冒险、热爱大自然、注重可持续发展的乘客的选择，他们想参观偏远的地方，同时也想体验奢华之旅。这些探险的地点经常受到气候变化的威胁)”以及第七段“If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now —before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. (如果我诚实地说，我之所以去这些地方，至少有一部分原因是想看看它们现在的样子——在它们被不可逆转地改变或消失之前。我不是唯一有这种想法的人)”以及第八段“I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.”(我想在它消失之前捕捉到它，这样我就可以把它分享给其他人，告诉他们，如果我们没有被利润驱使而不是快乐的话，这个世界可能就是这个样子)”可知，作者和Kurt Hillig乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛是为了看到并记录这些濒危的景观，在它们消失之前去记录它们并分享世界本来的样子给他人。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic.(但燃烧化石燃料去参观受到威胁的环境确实让人感到讽刺)”及“Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel?(我们是否应该去旅行这些濒危的景观呢？这样做能持续发展吗？如果我们不去旅行，有什么风险？)”可知，作者对这次旅行持有反思的态度，反思的人类的行为。故选D项。 39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-Chance Tourism(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选A项。 (B) Purchase of Online Tickets Temporary exhibitions are accessible for individual viewing to holders of tickets to the relevant museum facility. Certain exhibitions may be visited with separate tickets or with special guided tour tickets. Prices for entry tickets in the main category: Main Museum Complex-500 roubles Main Museum Complex, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles General Staff building-500 roubles General Staff building, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles Winter Palace of Peter the Great-700 roubles Menshikov Palace-700 roubles Staraya Derevnya Restoration and Storage Centre -700 roubles Museum of the Imperial Porcelain Factory-300 roubles * This ticket gives the holder the right to visit the museum facility on one of three successive working days. The date for which the ticket was obtained is the first day fora possible visit. Applications for refunds can be made no later than three days before the date of the first possible visit. To find out about other tickets, concessions and the State Hermitage’s social programmes, go to the Visiting Rules section of the website. Electronic tickets are available on the website only for the next 2-4 weeks, entrance tickets from the ticket offices only for the current day. This measure has been introduced to counter profiteering. Buy your tickets only from official sales points operated by the museum itself! Electronic tickets do not need to be exchanged at the ticket offices. To enter the museum, you will need to present the barcode, printed out or stored on a mobile device, to the reader at the entrance turnstile. Holders have the right to return tickets that they have purchased no later than three days before the date of their scheduled visit. Payments for electronic entry tickets can only be refunded to the person who paid for them through the museum website. Details of the rules for buying and returning tickets can be found here. IMPORTANT: If you appear to have not received letters confirming your order or containing the electronic tickets, please check your e-mail’s “Spam” folder. If questions arise, we can be contacted by telephone during the museum’s working hours (daily except Monday,1 Jan and 9 May) ● acquiring or returning tickets: +7 (812) 710-99-60, e-mail: tickets@hermitage.ru ● acquiring tickets for online events: +7 (812) 495-70-68, e-mail: lectoriumonline@hermitage.ru ● guiding services: +7 (812) 571-84-46, e-mail: excursof@hermitage.ru 40. If Joanna wants to be able to visit both Main Museum Complex and General Staff building on any date of the following three days, how much should she pay online? A. 1000 roubles B. 2400 roubles. C. 1700 roubles D. 1900 roubles. 41. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the web page? A. All exhibitions are accessible to ticket holders to the relevant museum facility. B. Holders can return their purchased tickets the day before their visit date. C. Ticket offices only offer entrance tickets for the current day to visitors. D. Electronic tickets should be printed out for better recognition by the reader. 42. What can you do if you don’t receive a confirmation letter? A. Contact the staff of the museum by telephone at your convenience. B. Send e-mails to the museum staff on any of the weekdays. C. Go to the guiding center in person with the screenshot of your order. D. Search other folders in your email for the filtered messages. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了购买冬宫（艾尔米塔什博物馆）门票的相关信息，包括不同场馆的门票价格、不记名票的使用规则、电子票的购买方式及入场方法、退票规则以及联系方式等。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Price for entry tickets in the main category部分的“Main Museum Complex-500 roubles; Main Museum Complex, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles; General Staff building-500 roubles; General Staff building, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles (主博物馆综合体-500卢布；主博物馆建筑群，不定期门票*-1200卢布；总参谋部大楼——500卢布；总参谋部大楼，开票日期*-1200卢布)”可知，如果Joanna想在未来三天内的任何一天参观主博物馆群和总参谋部大楼，她需要购买两张开放式日期票，总共需要2400卢布。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“To find out about other tickets, concessions and the State Hermitage’s social programmes, go to the Visiting Rules section of the website. ( 要了解其他门票，优惠和国家冬宫的社会项目，请访问网站的访问规则部分。)”部分中“Electronic tickets are available on the website only for the next 2-4 weeks, entrance tickets from the ticket offices only for the current day. This measure has been introduced to counter profiteering. Buy your tickets only from official sales points operated by the museum itself! ( 电子票只在接下来的2-4周内在网站上出售，门票只在当天从售票处出售。这一措施是为了打击暴利行为。只能在博物馆的官方销售点购票！)”可知，门票只在当天从售票处出售即售票处只提供当天的入场券。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If you appear to have not received letters confirming your order or containing the electronic tickets, please check your e-mail’s “Spam” folder. (如果您似乎没有收到确认您的订单或包含电子门票的信件，请检查您的电子邮件的“垃圾邮件”文件夹。)”可知，如果你没有收到确认信，请在电子邮件的其他文件夹中查找被过滤的信息。故选D项。 (C) Stretchable batteries worn against the skin Batteries are getting smaller, lighter and more powerful all the time. This is good news for manufacturers and buyers of products ranging from mobile phones to fitness trackers. But for some applications, the conventional shape and structure of a battery, with a rigid form and metallic components, is simply too clunky to be of use. Some personal electronics, for example, such as skin patches that monitor health conditions or brain-computer implants that decode neural signals to control electronic prosthetic devices, require more intimate contact. A number of approaches are therefore being taken to provide alternatives, including the use of pliant fibres and nanoparticles. Among the most promising, though, are water-based batteries inspired by the way an electric eel stores its charge. A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”. These are made from hydrogels that consist of a layered structure of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. This makes them both soft and flexible. Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material they are made from is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no voltage loss, says Stephen O’Neill, a member of the research team. The jelly battery works in much the same way that biological processes, such as the nervous system, produce electricity. They rely on the different concentrations of electrically charged particles, called ions, that exist within different bodily cells. This creates a difference in electrical potential, which in turn produces a voltage. That voltage, though, is tiny. Electric eels ramp it up by having thousands of modified muscle cells, called electrocytes, acting together to produce a voltage powerful enough to stun their prey. Jelly batteries do not go that far. Each individual battery produces just 0.1 volts, in comparison with the 1.5 volts of a typical aa battery. But much as an electric eel can amplify a small voltage with the help of electrocytes, jelly batteries can increase their output by being strung together. Another feature of the jelly battery is that the strong molecular bonds that let the polymers stretch also allow the material to repair itself very quickly if it is broken, says Jade McCune, another member of the Cambridge team. This provides a self-healing ability, which could be useful for applications in extreme operating environments, such as powering sensors embedded into protective clothing. 43. In the first paragraph, skin patches are mentioned to ________. A. introduce new batteries in various fields B. demonstrate the need for flexible batteries C. illustrate the greatness of battery development D. prove that metal and clunky batteries are outdated 44. What makes possible the softness of jelly batteries? A. The eel’s technique. B. Their layered structure. C. Their water-based material. D. Their use of pliant fibres and nanoparticles. 45. The underlined words “ramp” can be replaced by ________. A. set B. mix C. build D. break 46. Which of the following is NOT true about jelly batteries? A. When united, jelly batteries can produce adequate volts. B. Jelly batteries lose no voltage even if they are stretched. C. Scientists investigating jelly batteries drew their inspiration from eels. D. Jelly batteries can recharge themselves quickly in extreme environments. 【答案】43 B 44. C 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了果冻电池的优势、工作原理、特点和未来的可能性。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Batteries are getting smaller, lighter and more powerful all the time. This is good news for manufacturers and buyers of products ranging from mobile phones to fitness trackers. But for some applications, the conventional shape and structure of a battery, with a rigid form and metallic components, is simply too clunky to be of use. Some personal electronics, for example, such as skin patches that monitor health conditions or brain-computer implants that decode neural signals to control electronic prosthetic devices, require more intimate contact.(电池一直在变得更小、更轻、更强大。这对从手机到健身追踪器等产品的制造商和买家来说是个好消息。但是对于某些应用来说，电池的传统形状和结构，刚性的形状和金属部件，实在是太笨重而无法使用。例如，一些个人电子产品，如监测健康状况的皮肤贴片或解码神经信号以控制电子假肢设备的脑-计算机植入物，需要更多的亲密接触)”可推知，在第一段中，提到皮肤贴片是为了证明对柔性电池的需求。故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”. These are made from hydrogels that consist of a layered structure of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. This makes them both soft and flexible.(剑桥大学的一个研究小组利用鳗鱼的技术发明了一种他们称之为“果冻电池”的东西。这些是由水凝胶制成的，水凝胶由有机聚合物的层状结构组成，其中含有60%以上的水。这使得它们既柔软又有弹性)”可知，让果冻电池如此柔软是因为它们的水基材料。故选C项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That voltage, though, is tiny.(然而，这个电压很小)”以及“划线单词句中Electric eels ramp by having thousands of modified muscle cells, called electrocytes, acting together to produce a voltage powerful enough to stun their prey.(电鳗通过成千上万个被称为电细胞的改良肌肉细胞ramp这些细胞共同作用，产生足够强大的电压，使它们的猎物昏迷)”可知，此处为通过改良肌肉细胞来增强这种能力。由此可知，划线单词ramp为“增强”的意思，和C选项build“增强，发展”意思一致。故选C项。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”.(剑桥大学一个研究小组利用鳗鱼的技术发明了一种他们称之为“果冻电池”的东西)”以及“Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material they are made from is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no voltage loss, says Stephen O’Neill, a member of the research team.( 研究小组成员Stephen O 'Neill说，如果制造电池的材料弯曲或拉伸，大多数电池都会失去导电性，而果冻电池可以拉伸到其长度的1.5倍而不会产生电压损失)”和倒数第二段中“But much as an electric eel can amplify a small voltage with the help of electrocytes, jelly batteries can increase their output by being strung together.( 但就像电鳗可以在电细胞的帮助下放大小电压一样，果冻电池也可以通过串在一起来增加输出)”可知，关于果冻电池，ABC选项均与原文实意相符，D项“果冻电池可以在极端环境下快速充电”在文中并未被提及。故选D项。 Section C (8分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. AI can predict tipping points Tipping points, also known as critical transitions, are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything from the behaviour of financial markets and the spread of disease to the extinction of species. The financial crisis of 2007-09 is often described as one. The real trick, therefore, is to spot them before they happen. But that is fiendishly difficult. ___47___ In a study published in the journal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the onset of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms. To simplify their calculations, the team reduced all such problems to ones taking place within a large network of interacting nodes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, for example, a node might represent a single company, and a node in an ecosystem could stand for a species. The team then designed two artificial neural networks to analyze such systems. The first was optimized to track the connections between different nodes. ___48___ To train their model, the team needed examples of critical transitions for which lots of data were available. These are hard to find in the real world, because they are so hard to predict. ___49___ One was the so-called Kuramoto model of synchronised oscillators (同步振荡器). Another was a model ecosystem used by scientists to simulate abrupt changes. When the researchers were happy that their algorithms could predict critical transitions in these systems, they applied them to real-world problems. Like with many AI systems, only the algorithm knows what specific features and patterns it identifies to make these predictions. ___50___ That could help improve the algorithm further, and allow better predictions of everything from infectious outbreaks to the next stockmarket crash. Just how important a moment this is, though, remains difficult to predict. A. The details of their transformation remain mysterious. B. The other was how individual nodes changed over time. C. Researchers say they have broken new ground in the mathematical field. D. Computer scientists in China now show that artificial intelligence (AI) can help. E. Gang Yan, the paper’s lead author, says his team are now trying to discover exactly what they are. F. Instead, the researchers turned to simplified theoretical systems in which tipping points are known to occur. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. F 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何利用人工智能和机器学习算法来预测复杂系统中的临界点。 【47题详解】 根据上文“But that is fiendishly difficult.(预测临界点非常困难)”可知，预测临界点非常困难。根据下文“In a study published in the journal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the onset of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms.(在《物理评论X》期刊上发表的一项研究中，研究人员借助机器学习算法准确预测了复杂系统中临界点的出现)”可知，中国计算机科学家发现人工智能（AI）可以帮助预测临界点。D选项“Computer scientists in China now show that artificial intelligence (AI) can help.( 中国的计算机科学家现在表明，人工智能（AI）可以提供帮助)”指出面对预测临界值非常困难的问题，中国计算机科学家指出可以使用AI智能提供帮助，同时选项中的artificial intelligence (AI) can help与下文表述信息一致，承上启下。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据上文“The team then designed two artificial neural networks to analyze such systems. The first was optimized to track the connections between different nodes.(该团队随后设计了两个人工神经网络来分析这些系统。第一个被优化为跟踪不同节点之间的连接)”可知，此处强调团队设计了两个人工神经网络来分析这样的系统，第一个是为了追踪不同节点之间的联系而优化的。B选项“The other was how individual nodes changed over time. (另一个是单个节点如何随时间变化)” 讲第二个神经网络的作用，同时B项中的the other与上文中的the first相对应，且B项说的是第二个神经网络是如何追踪单个节点随时间变化的，符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“To train their model, the team needed examples of critical transitions for which lots of data were available. These are hard to find in the real world, because they are so hard to predict.(为了训练他们的模型，团队需要关键转变的例子，这些例子需要大量可用的数据。这些在现实世界中很难找到，因为它们很难预测)”可知，此处强调为了训练他们的模型，团队需要临界转变的例子，而这些例子在现实世界中很难找到，因为它们很难预测；同时根据下文“One was the so-called Kuramoto model of synchronised oscillators (同步振荡器). Another was a model ecosystem used by scientists to simulate abrupt changes.(一个是所谓的库拉莫托同步振荡器模型。另一个是科学家用来模拟突变的模型生态系统)”说明研究人员转向简化的理论系统。F选项“Instead, the researchers turned to simplified theoretical systems in which tipping points are known to occur.(相反，研究人员转向简化的理论系统，其中已知会发生临界点)”中的Instead表示转折，说明研究人员没有在现实世界中找例子，而是转向简化的理论系统，与下文一致，故选F。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Like with many AI systems, only the algorithm knows what specific features and patterns it identifies to make these predictions.(就像许多人工智能系统一样，只有算法知道它识别出哪些特定的特征和模式来进行这些预测)”可知，只有算法知道它是如何做出预测的，空格处承上启下，下文“That could help improve the algorithm further, and allow better predictions of everything from infectious outbreaks to the next stockmarket crash.(这可以进一步帮助改进算法，并允许更好地预测从传染病爆发到下一次股市崩盘的一切)”中的That指代E项中的what they are，且E项中的discover exactly what they are与上文中的knows what specific features and patterns it identifies相对应，故选E。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The psychology behind sports fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favorite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. Their survey reveals that people’s need for a sense of belonging is met when connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. Sports fandom tends to involve a deep emotional attachment, too. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favorite stars or teams. Sports fans consider their devotion to be a rewarding investment. Fandom can serve as a form of escape, allowing them to temporarily disconnect from their daily stresses. It also raises self-esteem, as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. For example, fans tend to say “we,” “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favorite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fans should not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time, whereas the heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment when a team or athlete performs badly. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage explores the psychological drivers behind sports fandom, highlighting how it fulfills a need for belonging and purpose, fosters emotional attachment, and boosts self-esteem. It also serves as an escape from daily stress and strengthens social connections. However, excessive investment can lead to anxiety or life imbalances. Sports fandom offers joy but should be balanced to avoid negative impacts. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了体育迷热情支持运动员或球队的心理机制。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Their survey reveals that people’s need for a sense of belonging is met when connected to something bigger than themselves. ②Sports fans consider their devotion to be a rewarding investment. Fandom can serve as a form of escape, allowing them to temporarily disconnect from their daily stresses. It also raises self-esteem, as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. ③However, sports fans should not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time, whereas the heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment when a team or athlete performs badly. ④For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. 2.缜密构思 将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将总结性语句放在文章最后。将1、2两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage explores the psychological drivers behind sports fandom, highlighting how it fulfills a need for belonging and purpose, fosters emotional attachment, and boosts self-esteem. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage explores the psychological drivers behind sports fandom, highlighting how it fulfills a need for belonging and purpose, fosters emotional attachment, and boosts self-esteem.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。其中how引导了宾语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Sports fandom offers joy but should be balanced to avoid negative impacts.运用了含有情态动词的被动语态should be balanced和不定式to avoid，对原文第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 V. Translation (15分，第一，二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 无论是开电车还是开油车，猛踩刹车都会将我们置于危险之中。(put) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether driving an electric vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle, slamming on the brakes will put us in danger. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和现在分词。“无论……还是……”译为whether…or…，drive和暗含的逻辑主语you是主动关系，用现在分词driving作状语，“开电车”可翻译为driving an electric vehicle，“开油车”译为driving a gasoline-powered vehicle，在Whether...or...结构中省略重复的driving，“猛踩刹车”译为动名词短语slamming on the brakes，这里用动名词形式，在整个句子中作主语，“将……置于危险之中”应为固定短语put...in danger，一般将来时，“将我们置于危险之中”译为will put us in danger，故翻译为Whether driving an electric vehicle or a gasoline-powered vehicle, slamming on the brakes will put us in danger. 53. 乘着数字经济的东风，景德镇成功唤起了人们对于陶瓷文化的关注。(advantage) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Taking advantage of the digital economy, Jingdezhen has successfully aroused people’s attention to the ceramic culture.   【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、副词和名词。表示“乘着……的东风”可译为take advantage of，在句中应用作状语，与主语Jingdazhen为主动关系，用现在分词形式；表示“数字经济”用digital economy；表示“唤起……的关注”短语为arouse one’s attention to，根据句意此处表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，故使用现在完成时；表示“成功地”用successfully；表示“陶瓷文化”短语为ceramic culture。故翻译为Taking advantage of the digital economy, Jingdezhen has successfully aroused people’s attention to the ceramic culture. 54. 得益于有效的政策和强烈的需求，国内演唱会市场自2023年以来呈现出蓬勃之姿。(combination) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Thanks to the combination of effective policies and strong demand, the domestic concert market has boomed since 2023. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和句子结构。“得益于”表达为：thanks to；“有效的政策和强烈的需求”并结合提示词combination可知表达为：the combination of effective policies and strong demand；主语“国内演唱会市场”表达为the domestic concert market；时间状语“自2023年以来”表达为：since 2023，从过去到现在持续的状态，句子时态为现在完成时；主语为单数，谓语部分“呈现出蓬勃之姿”表达为has boomed。故翻译为： Thanks to the combination of effective policies and strong demand, the domestic concert market has boomed since 2023. 55. 旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致和动名词。“旅行的意义”是the significance of travel，“在于”是固定短语lie in，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语significance是不可数名词，因此lie用第三人称单数，“不是……而是……”是固定搭配not...but...，“朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞”是how many likes on Moments，“从……中挣脱出来”是break away from，用动名词breaking作宾语，“每日常规”是daily routine，“重新掌控”是regain control over，用动名词regaining作宾语，“自己生活的节奏”是the rhythm of one’s life，用and连接两个动作。故答案为The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。前几日你收到外国朋友Bill的邮件，告诉你他作为组长正在负责一个跨文化课程的小组展示活动，但是组内成员常以复习期中考为由推脱任务，现在离最后的展示时间只有一周，他十分苦恼。请给Bill回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1. 分析他目前的困境； 2. 为他提供解决方案。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Bill, I’m sorry to hear about the challenges you’re facing with your group project. It sounds like your team members are focusing more on their mid-term exam preparation than the group task, which is causing delays.This is a common issue when academic responsibilities overlap. However, with the deadline getting closer, it’s crucial to address this. I suggest organizing a virtual meeting to express the importance of the project and to remind everyone that the activity also contributes to their overall learning experience. You could propose a division of tasks among the group members based on their availability and strengths, which might make it more manageable. Additionally, setting clear, short-term goals for each member could enhance accountability. If possible, perhaps offer to coordinate time where the mid-term study sessions can dovetail with the project work. Best luck with your project! Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一封邮件，给朋友解决组员借考试为由拖延任务的问题。   【详解】1. 词汇激活 优先考虑：focus more on... than→ prioritize over 临近：get closer→ approach 除此之外：additionally→ what’s more 增强：enhance → strengthen 2. 句式拓展 简单句变为复合句 原句： However, with the deadline getting closer, it’s crucial to address this. 同义句： However, when the deadline is getting closer, it’s crucial to address this. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It sounds like your team members are focusing more on their mid-term exam preparation than the group task, which is causing delays. （which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】You could propose a division of tasks among the group members based on their availability and strengths, which might make it more manageable.（which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期向明中学期中考试 高三年级英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A dress-up party. B. The tailor’s. C. The theatre. D. A shopping mall. 2. A. Waiter. B. Car dealer. C. Mechanic. D. Driver. 3. A.15. B.30. C.50. D.450. 4. A. He enjoyed the food there. B. The place was beautiful. C. He watched fireworks. D. He met an old friend. 5. A. The time is not convenient. B. Her house is not big enough. C. A few people won’t show up. D. There won’t be enough food. 6. A. It is going to clear up tomorrow. B. She won’t go to the beach if it rains. C. She would like the man to go to the beach. D. It was pouring when she was at the beach. 7. A. How to handle pressure. B. How to keep fit. C. What to take up as a hobby. D. What to play with. 8. A. The film cost too much despite its high quality. B. The man didn’t like the film but the woman did. C. The man missed the film because of the woman. D. The man saw the film upon the suggestion of the woman. 9. A. He set fire to the skyscraper. B. He was trying to clear the road. C. He found out what was going on. D. He parked his car beside the skyscraper. 10. A. The woman would sew them back on. B. The woman would quarrel with the man. C. The man would not take the responsibility. D. The man gave the woman a good suggestion. Section B (15分，每题1.5分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. At 6:15. B. At 6:45. C. At 7:15. D. At 7:45. 12. A. Students who are often late for school. B. All the students of Durfee High School. C. Parents sending notes to the headmaster. D. Parents who are always late for work. 13. A. Call the students at 6:15. B. Give every student an alarm clock. C. Make study hours longer. D. Post students’ names on the school website. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14 A. Test flights are not affordable. B. Rockets are sent on one-way missions. C. Rockets are easily damaged before test. D. Rockets are made of high-quality materials. 15. A. New Shepard. B. Blue Origin. C. Amazon. D. Jeff Bezos. 16. A. It can be refueled in the air and fly 100 km again. B. It was developed by a private company but did not pass the test. C. It was successfully launched and fell back to the Earth afterward. D. It reached an altitude of 100 km and landed safely back on Earth. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17 A. Travelling to France. B. Learning a new language. C. Developing a language course. D. Learning French from the woman. 18. A. She learned it in a big class. B. She did grammar exercises. C. She learned it in a one-to-one manner. D. She lived in France for a year. 19. A. She used to teach French. B. She goes to France a lot lately. C. She still speaks good French now. D. She has forgotten a lot of French. 20. A. Avoid making a fool of himself. B. Practice whenever and wherever he can. C. Work in a French restaurant. D. Don’t worry about the class size. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10分，每题1分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. South Korean author Han Kang wins the Nobel prize in literature The 2024 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to Han Kang, a South Korean author, for her “intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.” Han is the first South Korean author ___1___ (win) the literature prize, and just the 18th woman out of the 117 prizes awarded since 1901. Han, 53, began her career with a group of poems in a South Korean magazine, ___2___ making her prose debut in 1995 with a short story collection. She later began writing longer prose works, ___3___ (notably) The Vegetarian, one of her first books to be translated into English. The novel, which won the Man Booker International Prize in 2016, ___4___ (chart) a young woman’s attempt to live a more “plant-like” existence after suffering horrible nightmares about human cruelty. ___5___ many of Han’s protagonists are women, her prose works are often narrated from the perspective of men. “Before my wife turned vegetarian, I’d always thought of her as completely unremarkable in every way, her novel The Vegetarian begins. “However, if there wasn’t any special attraction, ___6___ did any particular drawbacks present themselves, therefore there was no reason for the two of us not to get married.” Originally written and published in Korean, “The Vegetarian” was translated by Deborah Smith, ___7___ was 28 at the time. Smith, by her own admission, was “monolingual until she was 21 years old,” and only chose to pursue Korean ___8___ a lack of English-Korean translators. Han’s novels rocketed up South Korea’s bestseller lists ___9___ (follow) the announcement. As of Friday morning, her books occupied all of the top 10 spots in popular online retailer Yes 24’s chart for Korean titles. The bookseller told CNN over the phone that three of them — Human Acts, The Vegetarian and I Do Not Bid Farewell — ___10___ (reach) combined sales of 70,000 units during the 14 hours immediately after the news was announced. Elsewhere, several high-profile figures paid tribute to the novelist via social media, including musicians RM and V, members of the K-pop group BTS. “I read Human Acts in the army,” the latter wrote on Instagram Stories. “Congratulations!” Section B (20分，每题2分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. digital B. initiative C. considerable D. safeguard E. cutting-edge F. access G. strictly H. weathered I. ever-present J. towers K. comprehensive AI goes ancient to preserve thousand-year-old Chinese pagoda In the heart of China’s Shanxi Province stands a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and resilience: the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. Nearly a thousand years old, this architectural marvel has ___11___ the ravages of time, surviving the chaos of wars and the fury of natural disasters. Standing 67 meters high, the structure - also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda of the Fogong Temple - ___12___ above the surrounding landscape, multi-tiered wooden roofs offering a striking contrast to the rolling hills and smaller buildings that dot the region. Even with its staggering resilience, the pagoda is showing its ___13___ age. Built in 1056 and recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest and tallest entirely wooden structure, the Yingxian pagoda faces the inevitable effects of time: weathering, structural fatigue, and the ___14___ threat of wood decay. In fact, it is no longer accessible to tourists who would otherwise leap at the chance to step back in time. Now, the pagoda’s unparalleled value to shared world heritage has inspired a revolutionary effort to preserve it for future generations. Lenovo, the global technology leader, will ___15___ this ancient treasure using groundbreaking artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In collaboration with Tsinghua University’s School of Architecture, Lenovo launched the “Smart Yingxian Pagoda” project to create a ___16___ twin of the pagoda that captures every exquisite detail of its architecture, from intricate wood grains to subtle imperfections in statues. This AI-powered replication is much more than just a high-fidelity virtual model - the interactive, navigable experience democratizes ___17___ to the pagoda’s splendor, allowing people from around the world to explore and study its ancient halls. Moreover, it accelerates ongoing restorative efforts and ensures they ___18___ adhere to the original style, preserving the pagoda’s historical integrity. “AI for cultural heritage is about using ___19___ technology to reach back a thousand years to preserve these wonders for the future,” said Shijie Mao, Lenovo vice president and director of research in Shanghai “We relentlessly pursue innovation and transformation, especially in the era of AI, but always with an eye on our communities and human experiences. This ____20____ embodies our commitment to smarter AI for all.” Looking ahead, Lenovo is exploring involvement in similar heritage preservation projects globally, welcoming more opportunities for collaboration. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分，每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to take criticism well We all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with ___21___ but feel aggrieved it the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. ___22___, though, each of us can change how we take criticism, in ways that will make us more ___23___ to taking offense, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism can include ___24___, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What vexes us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned, so called ___25___ criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to hurt or damage. Criticism of either type is intrinsically hard to accept because of the way our brains process it. Neuroscientists said that criticism stimulates the regions of the brain involved in ___26___ cognition more than those in cognition control itself. For instance, when someone says your work isn’t good enough, your natural first thought may be They must not like me, rather than What can I do to improve it? In other words, the recipient of criticism might be attempting to understand the beliefs and feelings of the critic rather than ___27___ the criticism itself. The only way to ___28___ in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting critical feedback. When receiving criticism, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our ___29___ abilities, rather than on our performance. Viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less _____30_____ when performing tasks. The solution is to set up an internal affirmation such as: “I don’t care what this feedback says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me. I will assess it _____31_____ about the matter at hand.” This moves the focus from _____32_____ to analysis and enables you to judge the information on its merits (or lack thereof). Once you _____33_____ criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct _____34_____ and improve. Studies of student performance have shown that those who learn to use feedback _____35_____ tend to get better grades and have better study habits. If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the grit to do so is to ask friends or colleagues whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving honest suggestions. 21. A. caution B. abandon C. patience D. satisfaction 22. A. Consequently B. Indeed C. Fortunately D. Instead 23. A. accustomed B. alert C. immune D. ready 24. A. perspectives B. comments C. attacks D. compliments 25. A. constructive B. leading C. objective D. honest 26. A. inner B. social C. collective D. individual 27. A. assessing B. rejecting C. doubting D. ignoring 28. A. integrate B. thrive C. withdraw D. persevere 29. A. intellectual B. innovative C. inherent D. invaluable 30. A. reliance B. appreciation C. attention D. persistence 31. A. on its face B. under its nose C. in its eyes D. on its back 32. A. emotion B. judgement C. criticism D. cognition 33. A. internalize B. depersonalize C. standardize D. neutralize 34. A. cause B. conflict C. course D. confusion 35. A. actively B. continuously C. frequently D. extensively Section B (22分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Good morning, everyone. Good morning.” It’s 5:30 a. m. , and a speaker-announcement jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.” I launch myself out of bed, darting out of my cabin and up to a viewing deck. There they are, arching their knobby dorsal fins gracefully above the water and casting their flukes into the crisp morning air before taking a shallow dive. Shortly after, the sunrise announces itself. Then, icebergs appear out of the mist. “I can’t believe I’m here,” I think. “I can’t believe I’m in Greenland.” I’m on a 12-day expedition cruise aboard Lindblad Expeditions’ National Geographic Endurance, a small boat outfitted with landing craft. Our journey will take us along the thin strip of the “green” in Greenland on its southwest coast — from the post-glacial landscape in Kangerlussuaq in the Arctic Circle, to the tidewater glaciers of Ikerasassuaq — all the way to Iceland. Expedition cruises are the choice of adventurous, nature-loving and sustainability minded passengers who want to visit remote places, while also having a luxury experience. The locations of these expeditions are often threatened by climate change. But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 36. In paragraph 2 the underlined “they” refer to ________. A. the icebergs. B. the dorsal fins. C. other passengers. D. humpback whales. 37. Why did the author and Kurt Hillig board the expedition cruise to Iceland? A. To relax themselves in a luxurious way. B. To see and document the endangered landscapes. C. To do research work on the remote threatened environments. D. To witness the breathtaking sight of humpback whales and icebergs. 38. What attitude does the author hold towards this travel? A. Excited. B. Astonished. C. Regretful. D. Reflective. 39. The best title for the passage is ________. A. Last-Chance Tourism B. A Sustainable Expedition C. Escaping to Endangered Places D. Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier (B) Purchase of Online Tickets Temporary exhibitions are accessible for individual viewing to holders of tickets to the relevant museum facility. Certain exhibitions may be visited with separate tickets or with special guided tour tickets. Prices for entry tickets in the main category: Main Museum Complex-500 roubles Main Museum Complex, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles General Staff building-500 roubles General Staff building, open-dated ticket*-1200 roubles Winter Palace of Peter the Great-700 roubles Menshikov Palace-700 roubles Staraya Derevnya Restoration and Storage Centre -700 roubles Museum of the Imperial Porcelain Factory-300 roubles * This ticket gives the holder the right to visit the museum facility on one of three successive working days. The date for which the ticket was obtained is the first day fora possible visit. Applications for refunds can be made no later than three days before the date of the first possible visit. To find out about other tickets, concessions and the State Hermitage’s social programmes, go to the Visiting Rules section of the website. Electronic tickets are available on the website only for the next 2-4 weeks, entrance tickets from the ticket offices only for the current day. This measure has been introduced to counter profiteering. Buy your tickets only from official sales points operated by the museum itself! Electronic tickets do not need to be exchanged at the ticket offices. To enter the museum, you will need to present the barcode, printed out or stored on a mobile device, to the reader at the entrance turnstile. Holders have the right to return tickets that they have purchased no later than three days before the date of their scheduled visit. Payments for electronic entry tickets can only be refunded to the person who paid for them through the museum website. Details of the rules for buying and returning tickets can be found here. IMPORTANT: If you appear to have not received letters confirming your order or containing the electronic tickets, please check your e-mail’s “Spam” folder. If questions arise, we can be contacted by telephone during the museum’s working hours (daily except Monday,1 Jan and 9 May) ● acquiring or returning tickets: +7 (812) 710-99-60, e-mail: tickets@hermitage.ru ● acquiring tickets for online events: +7 (812) 495-70-68, e-mail: lectoriumonline@hermitage.ru ● guiding services: +7 (812) 571-84-46, e-mail: excursof@hermitage.ru 40. If Joanna wants to be able to visit both Main Museum Complex and General Staff building on any date of the following three days, how much should she pay online? A. 1000 roubles B. 2400 roubles. C. 1700 roubles D. 1900 roubles. 41. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the web page? A. All exhibitions are accessible to ticket holders to the relevant museum facility. B. Holders can return their purchased tickets the day before their visit date. C. Ticket offices only offer entrance tickets for the current day to visitors. D. Electronic tickets should be printed out for better recognition by the reader. 42. What can you do if you don’t receive a confirmation letter? A Contact the staff of the museum by telephone at your convenience. B. Send e-mails to the museum staff on any of the weekdays. C. Go to the guiding center in person with the screenshot of your order. D. Search other folders in your email for the filtered messages. (C) Stretchable batteries worn against the skin Batteries are getting smaller, lighter and more powerful all the time. This is good news for manufacturers and buyers of products ranging from mobile phones to fitness trackers. But for some applications, the conventional shape and structure of a battery, with a rigid form and metallic components, is simply too clunky to be of use. Some personal electronics, for example, such as skin patches that monitor health conditions or brain-computer implants that decode neural signals to control electronic prosthetic devices, require more intimate contact. A number of approaches are therefore being taken to provide alternatives, including the use of pliant fibres and nanoparticles. Among the most promising, though, are water-based batteries inspired by the way an electric eel stores its charge. A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”. These are made from hydrogels that consist of a layered structure of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. This makes them both soft and flexible. Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material they are made from is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no voltage loss, says Stephen O’Neill, a member of the research team. The jelly battery works in much the same way that biological processes, such as the nervous system, produce electricity. They rely on the different concentrations of electrically charged particles, called ions, that exist within different bodily cells. This creates a difference in electrical potential, which in turn produces a voltage. That voltage, though, is tiny. Electric eels ramp it up by having thousands of modified muscle cells, called electrocytes, acting together to produce a voltage powerful enough to stun their prey. Jelly batteries do not go that far. Each individual battery produces just 0.1 volts, in comparison with the 1.5 volts of a typical aa battery. But much as an electric eel can amplify a small voltage with the help of electrocytes, jelly batteries can increase their output by being strung together. Another feature of the jelly battery is that the strong molecular bonds that let the polymers stretch also allow the material to repair itself very quickly if it is broken, says Jade McCune, another member of the Cambridge team. This provides a self-healing ability, which could be useful for applications in extreme operating environments, such as powering sensors embedded into protective clothing. 43. In the first paragraph, skin patches are mentioned to ________. A. introduce new batteries in various fields B. demonstrate the need for flexible batteries C. illustrate the greatness of battery development D prove that metal and clunky batteries are outdated 44. What makes possible the softness of jelly batteries? A. The eel’s technique. B. Their layered structure. C. Their water-based material. D. Their use of pliant fibres and nanoparticles. 45. The underlined words “ramp” can be replaced by ________. A. set B. mix C. build D. break 46. Which of the following is NOT true about jelly batteries? A. When united, jelly batteries can produce adequate volts. B. Jelly batteries lose no voltage even if they are stretched. C. Scientists investigating jelly batteries drew their inspiration from eels. D. Jelly batteries can recharge themselves quickly in extreme environments. Section C (8分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. AI can predict tipping points Tipping points, also known as critical transitions, are mathematical cliff-edges influencing everything from the behaviour of financial markets and the spread of disease to the extinction of species. The financial crisis of 2007-09 is often described as one. The real trick, therefore, is to spot them before they happen. But that is fiendishly difficult. ___47___ In a study published in the journal Physical Review X, the researchers accurately predicted the onset of tipping points in complicated systems with the help of machine-learning algorithms. To simplify their calculations, the team reduced all such problems to ones taking place within a large network of interacting nodes (节点), the individual elements within a large system. In a financial system, for example, a node might represent a single company, and a node in an ecosystem could stand for a species. The team then designed two artificial neural networks to analyze such systems. The first was optimized to track the connections between different nodes. ___48___ To train their model, the team needed examples of critical transitions for which lots of data were available. These are hard to find in the real world, because they are so hard to predict. ___49___ One was the so-called Kuramoto model of synchronised oscillators (同步振荡器). Another was a model ecosystem used by scientists to simulate abrupt changes. When the researchers were happy that their algorithms could predict critical transitions in these systems, they applied them to real-world problems. Like with many AI systems, only the algorithm knows what specific features and patterns it identifies to make these predictions. ___50___ That could help improve the algorithm further, and allow better predictions of everything from infectious outbreaks to the next stockmarket crash. Just how important a moment this is, though, remains difficult to predict. A. The details of their transformation remain mysterious. B. The other was how individual nodes changed over time. C. Researchers say they have broken new ground in the mathematical field. D. Computer scientists in China now show that artificial intelligence (AI) can help. E. Gang Yan, the paper’s lead author, says his team are now trying to discover exactly what they are. F. Instead, the researchers turned to simplified theoretical systems in which tipping points are known to occur. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The psychology behind sports fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favorite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. Their survey reveals that people’s need for a sense of belonging is met when connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. Sports fandom tends to involve a deep emotional attachment, too. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favorite stars or teams. Sports fans consider their devotion to be a rewarding investment. Fandom can serve as a form of escape, allowing them to temporarily disconnect from their daily stresses. It also raises self-esteem, as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. For example, fans tend to say “we,” “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favorite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fans should not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time, whereas the heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment when a team or athlete performs badly. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15分，第一，二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 无论是开电车还是开油车，猛踩刹车都会将我们置于危险之中。(put) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 乘着数字经济的东风，景德镇成功唤起了人们对于陶瓷文化的关注。(advantage) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 得益于有效的政策和强烈的需求，国内演唱会市场自2023年以来呈现出蓬勃之姿。(combination) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。前几日你收到外国朋友Bill的邮件，告诉你他作为组长正在负责一个跨文化课程的小组展示活动，但是组内成员常以复习期中考为由推脱任务，现在离最后的展示时间只有一周，他十分苦恼。请给Bill回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1. 分析他目前的困境； 2. 为他提供解决方案。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$