精品解析：2026-2027学年上海市建平中学高三第一学期10月月考英语试卷

建平中学2026学年第一学期10月教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 说明：考试时间为 105分钟，总分 115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Computers have learned to make us jump through hoops The other day I had to log into a service I hadn’t used before. Since I was a new user, the website decided that it needed to check I wasn’t a robot and so set me a Captcha test to determine whether the user is a person or a machine. I was presented with an image of a roadside scene over which ____1____ (lay) a grid (网格). My “challenge” was to click on each cell in the grid that contained a traffic sign. I did so and then I was presented with another image and another grid — also with a request to identify road signs. ____2____ a lamb, I followed the instructions, after which the website accepted my input. And then I realized what I had been doing was adding to a dataset for training the machine-learning software that guides self-driving cars. So, ____3____ (gain) access to an automated service that will benefit financially from my input, I first have to do some unpaid labor to help improve the performance of autonomous vehicles. Neat, eh? But note also the delicious additional irony ____4____ the Captcha is described as an “automated Turing test”. The Turing test was conceived as a way of enabling humans to determine whether a machine ____5____ respond in such a way that one couldn’t tell whether it was a human or a robot. So we have wandered into a world in which machines make us do tricks to prove that we are humans! ____6____ (strange) aspect of this unparalleled shift is how under-discussed it has been. The metaphor of the boiling frog comes to mind. Have we become subtly conditioned by digital technology ____7____ we don’t see what’s been happening to us? Have we been conditioned to accept a world governed by “smart” tech, trading convenience to the point ____8____ we become a bit like machines ourselves? The answer is “yes”. We shape our tools and then our tools shape us. Technology is supposed to provide tools that serve our ends. But, as the machine-learning Captcha demonstrates, a significant proportion of digital tech now sees humans as means to ends that are not ____9____. In the process, they reduce us to the status of cheery rats ____10____ (run) on treadmills (踏车) designed by people who do not have our interests at heart. 【答案】1. was laid 2. Like 3. to gain 4. that 5. could 6. The strangest 7. so that 8. where 9. ours 10. running 【解析】 【导语】文章批判验证码让人类无偿为机器学习提供数据，反思技术反向规训人的异化现象。 【1题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：我面前出现了一幅路边场景的图像，图像上覆盖着一个网格。此处动作发生在过去，定语从句主语grid和lay是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用was laid。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：像一只小羊一样，我遵从了所有指令，之后网站接受了我的输入。此处用介词like表示“像……一样”，句首单词首字母大写。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，为了获得一项能从我的输入中获得经济收益的自动化服务的访问权限，我首先得做一些无偿劳动来提升自动驾驶车辆的性能。此处作目的状语，说明做后续无偿劳动的最终目的，用不定式to gain。 【4题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：但还要注意另一个绝妙的讽刺：验证码被描述为一项“自动化图灵测试”。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词irony的具体内容，从句结构完整语义清晰。用that引导。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：图灵测试最初的构想是让人类判断机器是否能够以让人无法区分它是人类还是机器人的方式作出回应。此处用情态动词could表示过去语境下的“能够”。 【6题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这场前所未有的转变中最奇怪的一点是，它几乎从未被人们深入讨论过。此处修饰名词aspect，结合语境要用形容词最高级，特指诸多反常现象里最怪异的一点，用the strangest，句首首字母大写。 【7题详解】 考查结果状语从句。句意：我们是否已经被数字技术潜移默化，因此看不到正在发生在我们身上的事？本空引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于”用so that。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们是不是已经被驯化到接受一个由“智能”技术统治的世界，用便利做交换，到了我们自己都有点像机器的地步？本空引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词point，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：但是，正如机器学习验证码所展示的那样，如今相当一部分数字技术把人类当成了实现目标的工具，而这些目标根本不是我们的目标。此处用物主代词ours，指代“我们的目标”，避免和前文的ends出现语义重复。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个过程中，它们把我们降格成了欢快的老鼠，在完全不把我们的利益放在心上的人设计的踏车上奔跑。此处作后置定语，修饰名词rats，run和rats是主动关系，用现在分词running。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. communicate B. conservative C. divorce D. echo E. fix F. intended G. like-minded H. owed I. philosophy J. resonant K. risk Have you ever felt out of place at a party or profoundly misunderstood by a colleague, friend, or partner? This feeling of being unable to convey your ____11____ information is what psychologist Carl Jung referred to when he said that loneliness comes not from being alone, but from being “unable to ____12____ the things that seem important to you.” While such a failure to connect is sometimes ____13____ to poor social skills, there are also other reasons. The specific experience — of feeling separate and alone in one’s thoughts and experiences despite having the capacity to share them — is known as epistemic loneliness (认知型孤独). Psychologists define epistemic loneliness as the inability to share “the richer mental aspects” of one’s life. To put it another way, it strikes when a person’s unique cognitive world —formed by their specific abilities and deep intellectual interests — finds no ____14____ in others. This is the profound frustration of being mentally “all dressed up but with nowhere to go”. A musician composing a new piece, an educator polishing their teaching ____15____, or a researcher analyzing groundbreaking data all ____16____ this loneliness when their intellectual excitement is met with disinterest from those around them. The frustration of such intellectual ____17____ is profound, yet a genuine connection is possible. For instance, my conversation with an English professor proved to be ____18____and meaningful. This published poet and pianist and I discussed the idea of making complex ideas and experiences something more easily understood by our students, clients, and readers. Because we built bridges to meet one another via shared experiences and backgrounds (I am also a musician who is familiar with music theory, and we are both educators), cognitive isolation was not experienced that evening. This is not to say that being cognitively connected with others is the only ____19____ to this type of loneliness. Everyone has thoughts, stories, and experiences to share, and as both a nonprofessional and a helping professional, I am happy to hear them. But not everyone in our lives is willing or able to share their thoughts in response to ours. Therefore, a(n) ____20____ other, or someone who “gets” it or “gets” us, goes a long way toward eliminating this specific kind of loneliness. 【答案】11. F 12. A 13. H 14. D 15. I 16. K 17. C 18. J 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】文章主要阐释认知孤独并探讨缓解它的有效途径。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种无法传达自己原本的信息的感觉，正是心理学家Carl Jung所说的孤独的来源——孤独并非源于独处，而是源于“无法表达那些对你而言重要的事情”。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词information，结合上文“misunderstood by a colleague, friend, or partner”提到“被误解”可知此处指“无法传达自己原本的信息”，intended“意欲达到的，预期的”符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。不定式符号to后接动词原形，结合上文“unable to convey your ________ information”可知此处指“无法表达那些对你而言重要的事情”，动词communicate“传达，沟通”符合语境。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然这种无法建立联系有时是由于社交能力不足所致，但也存在其他原因。根据“there are also other reasons”可知此处是描述无法建立联系的原因，指“这种无法建立联系有时归咎于社交能力不足”，be owed to“归因于”符合语境。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：换句话说，当一个人独特的认知世界——由其特定能力与深刻智力兴趣所构成——在他人身上找不到共鸣时，这种感觉就会出现。空处应填名词作宾语，上文“Psychologists define epistemic loneliness as the inability to share “the richer mental aspects” of one’s life.提到“认知孤独是无法分享自己生活中‘更丰富的心灵层面’”，echo“共鸣”符合语境，find no echo in others表示“在他人那里得不到共鸣”，符合认知型孤独的定义。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：一位作曲家创作新作品，一位教育者打磨自己的教学理念，或是一位研究者分析突破性的数据，当他们的学术热情遭遇周围人的漠视时，都可能陷入这种孤独之中。空处应填名词作宾语，结合“an educator”可知此处指“一位教育者打磨自己的教学理念”， philosophy“哲学，理念”符合语境。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。句中“when their intellectual excitement is met with disinterest from those around them”提到当智力上的兴奋遭遇周围人的漠视时，这些创作者都会面临这种孤独，risk“面临……的风险”符合语境。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种智力上的疏离令人深感沮丧，但真正的联系依然可能。空处应填名词作宾语， 此处指代前文提到的认知层面无法共鸣带来的“疏离”， divorce“分离，脱离”符合语境。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，我与一位英语教授的对话证明是富有共鸣且意义深远的。此处和meaningful并列作表语，resonant“有共鸣的”用来形容和教授的对话是有共鸣且有意义的。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这并不意味着与他人建立认知上的联系是解决这种孤独感的唯一办法。上文“Because we built bridges to meet one another via shared experiences and backgrounds (I am also a musician who is familiar with music theory, and we are both educators), cognitive isolation was not experienced that evening.”提到两人建立联系后没再感受到隔阂，即认知联结是解决认知孤独的方法，固定搭配the fix to sth表示“解决某事的方法”。名词作表语。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，一个志同道合的人，或是一个真正理解我们、能够“体会”我们的人，能极大地帮助消除这种特定的孤独感。根据“or someone who “gets” it or “gets” us”可知此处指“一个志同道合的人”，like-minded“志趣相投的”符合语境，指志趣相投的、能理解我们的人有助于消除这类孤独。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The World Cup paradox The theme tune of the men’s World Cup exemplifies the contest’s claim to foster global unity. Nearly half the world is expected to ____21____ over the coming weeks as the tournament moves towards its final. A viewer might come away with two conclusions. First, that entertainment culture is more ____22____ than ever. Second, that America remains the soft-power superpower at the centre of it all. Both assumptions would be ____23____. Mega-events like the World Cup still seize global attention. But the bigger picture is that entertainment is ____24____. From music to television to social media and gaming, audiences are tuning out of American content and embracing ____25____ from closer to home. There is an emerging paradox: even as the world becomes more connected, people are choosing more local forms of fun. Even as billions tune in to a single show in North America, the American-led monoculture (一元文化) is fading. This local turn is the ____26____ of what many predicted. Global entertainment platforms and the mobile-app stores give people everywhere access to the same music, video and games. The biggest winners have been a lopsidedly (不平衡地) American elite of megastars and brands. The biggest sports leagues have ____27____ in value along with them. But below the top tier, entertainment is fragmenting. Sport has always been a(n) ____28____ globaliser, because people prefer to watch their local team. America’s National Football League earns 98% of its media-rights revenue at home. Every four years the world comes together for the World Cup and the Olympics. ____29____, fans are mainly obsessed with domestic contests. Other kinds of culture have long been more globalised, often thanks to America. But now this seems to be ____30____. Music charts are becoming more local: in Brazil, an extreme case, 96 of the 100 most-streamed artists last week were Brazilian. Cheaper production and distribution have caused a ____31____ in the supply of local entertainment. Today, producing and distributing new entertainment — whether songs, videos or games — is cheap enough for it to be profitable to target much smaller niches (小众). The ____32____ has also changed. A growing global middle class has made it ____33____ for Netflix to make big-budget shows tailored to Mexican subscribers, or for the developers of “Free Fire” to devise Bollywood themes for Indian gamers. Governments will need to adapt to the changing dynamics of soft power. America’s century of ____34____ over global popular culture is over. All eyes will be on America for the World Cup final next month. But it is a(n) ____35____ force in a new game of soft power that has only just kicked off. 21. A. log in B. turn up C. tune in D. check out 22. A. commercialized B. digitized C. globalised D. standardized 23. A. interpreted B. mistaken C. confirmed D. generalized 24. A. splitting up B. taking off C. wearing off D. stepping up 25. A. innovations B. conventions C. proposals D. alternatives 26. A. similarity B. orientation C. strategy D. opposite 27. A. diversified B. collapsed C. rocketed D. fluctuated 28. A. reluctant B. ideal C. aggressive D. consistent 29. A. Likewise B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise 30. A. progressing B. reversing C. deteriorating D. mounting 31. A. transition B. boom C. gap D. drop 32. A. recreation B. location C. audience D. distribution 33. A. worthwhile B. insignificant C. accountable D. impractical 34. A. argument B. dominance C. concern D. preference 35. A. dividing B. driving C. declining D. unifying 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文提出世界杯悖论：尽管世界杯吸引全球目光，但娱乐文化正走向本土化。美国昔日流行文化霸权衰退，其他国家本土娱乐兴起，全球软实力格局正在改变。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在接下来几周，随着赛事走向决赛，预计全球近半数人将会收看。A. log in登录；B. turn up出现；C. tune in收看收听；D. check out结账离开。根据上文“Nearly half the world is expected to”可知，世界杯吸引全球观众观看。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：第一，娱乐文化比以往更加全球化。A. commercialized商业化的；B. digitized数字化的；C. globalised全球化的；D. standardized标准化的。根据上文“Nearly half the world is expected to ____ over the coming weeks as the tournament moves towards its final.”可知，世界杯吸引全球观众，娱乐文化更加全球化。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这两种设想都是错误的。A. interpreted被解读；B. mistaken错误的；C. confirmed被证实；D. generalized概括的。下文“But the bigger picture is that entertainment”转折，说明真实情况并非前面两个结论，所以设想是错误的。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但大局是娱乐正在分化。A. splitting up分裂分化；B. taking off起飞走红；C. wearing off逐渐消退；D. stepping up加强。后文“From music to television to social media and gaming, audiences are tuning out of American content and embracing ____ from closer to home.”提到观众不再追捧美国内容，转向本土作品，说明娱乐市场分化。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：从音乐、电视到社交媒体和游戏，观众不再看美国内容，转而选择本土的替代作品。A. innovations创新；B. conventions惯例；C. proposals提议；D. alternatives可供选择的事物。根据上文“audiences are tuning out of American content and embracing”可知，观众放弃美国内容，选择本土别的娱乐内容。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种本土化趋势和很多人预测的恰恰相反。A. similarity相似；B. orientation方向；C. strategy策略；D. opposite对立面相反的事物。根据上文“There is an emerging paradox: even as the world becomes more connected, people are choosing more local forms of fun.”可知，大家原以为全球平台会带来统一文化，现实却是本土化，是相反的情况。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：顶级体育联赛的价值也随之飙升。A. diversified多样化；B. collapsed崩塌；C. rocketed猛涨飙升；D. fluctuated波动。根据上文“The biggest winners have been a lopsidedly (不平衡地) American elite of megastars and brands.”可知，顶级美国巨星和品牌大获成功，联赛价值随之暴涨。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：体育一直是个不情愿的全球化载体，因为人们更喜欢看本土队伍。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. ideal理想的；C. aggressive激进的；D. consistent一致的。根据后文“because people prefer to watch their local team”可知，体育看似全球盛会，但观众偏爱本土比赛，所以体育并不愿意完全全球化。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：否则，粉丝们主要痴迷于国内赛事。A. Likewise同样；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则；要不然。根据上文“Every four years the world comes together for the World Cup and the Olympics.”以及后文“fans are mainly obsessed with domestic contests”可知，暗含和前文情况对比。otherwise 衔接上下文。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：其他文化类型长期更加全球化，这常常归功于美国。但现在这一趋势正在逆转。A. progressing进展；B. reversing逆转；C. deteriorating恶化；D. mounting增加。根据后文“Music charts are becoming more local: in Brazil, an extreme case, 96 of the 100 most-streamed artists last week were Brazilian.”可知，从前文化受美国影响走向全球，现在转向本土化，趋势逆转。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：更低廉的制作与传播成本带来本土娱乐作品供应的激增。A. transition转变；B. boom激增繁荣；C. gap缺口；D. drop下降。根据后文“Today, producing and distributing new entertainment — whether songs, videos or games — is cheap enough for it to be profitable to target much smaller niches (小众).”可知，制作成本变低，本土娱乐内容大量产出。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：受众群体也发生了变化。A. recreation娱乐；B. location地点；C. audience受众观众；D. distribution分发。后文“A growing global middle class has made it”讲全球中产增多，平台为不同地区观众定制内容，描述受众变化。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不断壮大的全球中产群体，使得网飞值得为墨西哥订阅用户制作量身打造的大成本剧集，也让《自由之火》的开发商愿意为印度游戏玩家设计宝莱坞主题内容。A. worthwhile值得的；B. insignificant无意义的；C. accountable负有责任的；D. impractical不切实际的。根据上文“A growing global middle class”可知，中产增多，定制内容有利可图，是值得做的事。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：美国在全球流行文化长达一个世纪的主导地位已经结束。A. argument争论；B. dominance主导支配；C. concern担忧；D. preference偏爱。根据上文“Even as billions tune in to a single show in North America, the American-led monoculture (一元文化) is fading.”以及文章中心就是美国一元文化主导地位衰落，全球文化本土化。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：但在这场刚刚开启的软实力新博弈中，美国的影响力正在衰退。A. dividing分裂；B. driving推动；C. declining衰退下降；D. unifying统一。根据上文“Even as billions tune in to a single show in North America, the American-led monoculture (一元文化) is fading.”可知，美国文化主导时代结束，影响力正在衰退。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) For millennia starry nights have guided navigators, confused astronomers and inspired painters. But they are becoming a rarer sight. At least 80% of the world lives under light-polluted skies — a figure that rises to 99% in America and Europe. A paper published in Science found that between 2011 and 2022 the night sky grew almost 10% brighter each year. With so many places flooded with artificial light, people are increasingly seeking out the darkness. Many became starry-eyed during the pandemic. Confined to their homes, people took to gazing at the cosmos. (It helped that lockdown contributed to a drop in light pollution in lots of places.) Some turned to social media — and online communities such as “SpaceTok” — for information. Once restrictions lifted, these hobbyists planned their trips accordingly. The forecasts for companies offering “astrotourism” are anything but cloudy. In 2024 a survey by Booking.com, a travel website, found that 62% of people were interested in destinations with limited light pollution. To meet the demand for “cosmic escapism”, some hotels now provide access to telescopes and in-house astronomers. Others are offering star-bathing and moonlit meditation. Because the best stargazing requires seclusion (清净), astrotourism is a boon to remote areas that do not usually appeal to tourists. Dark Sky International, a non-profit, certifies (认证) parks and reserves with the best night-time conditions. It has seen a substantial increase in the number of applications in the past three years, growing from 16 in 2023 to 28 applications in the first half of 2026 alone. Al Ula, in the Saudi Arabian desert, is going big on astrotourism by building a state-of-the-art observatory and luxury stargazing lodges. John Barentine, an astronomer in Arizona, says there is an opportunity for rural places where industries such as mining have declined. Such trips appeal because they offer a stillness that is hard to find in much of the modern world, where “we have turned night into day in the places we live and work,” as Ruskin Hartley, Dark Sky’s director, puts it. Stargazing also encourages feelings of wonderment, which are in short supply. Studies have found that those who look up report a greater sense of well-being; feelings of awe are linked to lower stress levels and a sense of quietness. Some credit the recreation with giving them a greater sense of perspective. As Oscar Wilde once wrote: “We are all in the gutter (阴沟), but some of us are looking at the stars.” 36. What led to the rise of interest in stargazing during the pandemic? A. A dramatic drop in light pollution. B. Being confined to their houses. C. The information about stars shared on social media. D. The promotion of stargazing trips by travel agencies. 37. What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. A good opportunity that brings great benefits. B. A campaign that promotes moonlit meditation. C. A disadvantage that restricts development. D. An industry that is subject to environment. 38. If you plan to take a stargazing trip, which spot will you most probably choose? A. A natural reserve with a great popularity for its scenery. B. A luxurious city hotel with state-of-the-art telescopes. C. A remote desert without the impact of artificial light. D. A rural place with its industrial production progressing fast. 39. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Looking at the star is rare because people spend their days facing the harsh realities of the gutter. B. Stargazing allows people to find beauty and meaning beyond the noise of the everyday world. C. People respond to the adversity of life by seeking feelings of wonderment in various pastimes. D. The pursuit of inner peace and new perspectives drives people to look up and escape from the gutter. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍光污染催生天文旅游热潮，分析其发展机遇与给人带来的身心价值。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many became starry-eyed during the pandemic. Confined to their homes, people took to gazing at the cosmos.(疫情期间，许多人对观星心生向往。受困家中，人们开始凝望浩瀚宇宙。)”可知，疫情期间人们的活动范围受限，居家隔离的状态让大家萌生了观星的兴趣。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Because the best stargazing requires seclusion (清净), astrotourism is a boon to remote areas that do not usually appeal to tourists.(最佳观星地需要环境清幽，因此天文旅游对于原本难以吸引游客的偏远地区而言是一boon。)”可知，天文旅游能为这些冷门偏远地区带来发展利好，因此boon的含义是“能带来巨大收益的好机遇”。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Because the best stargazing requires seclusion(清净), astrotourism is a boon to remote areas that do not usually appeal to tourists. (最佳观星地需要环境清幽，因此天文旅游对于原本难以吸引游客的偏远地区而言是一个利好。)”可知，几乎不受人造光影响的偏远沙漠，能满足观星所需的低光污染、环境清净的条件。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Studies have found that those who look up report a greater sense of well-being; feelings of awe are linked to lower stress levels and a sense of quietness. (研究发现，仰望星空的人会获得更强的幸福感，敬畏感和更低的压力水平、内心的平静感相关联。)”可知，观星能让人们在日常世界的喧嚣之外找到独特的美感与精神意义。 (B) Getting into computer science is challenging but exciting. If you like solving tech problems and creating with computers, there are great contests that can prove how good you are and help you take your computer skills to a higher level. Bebras Bebras is a computing competition where each participant gets 45 minutes to answer 15 multiple-choice questions on computational and logical thinking. Students complete the challenge at school, and they can track how their computer science skills grow over time. * Eligibility requirements: Any teacher can sign their students up for the competition and students from all backgrounds are welcome to join the competition. * Prizes: Your teacher can print certificates with your level of achievement. Congressional App Challenge In this computer science competition, individual students or groups of up to four design an app. The app can be created using any programming language and platform, and it can be on any theme or topic. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a middle or high school student in a participating district. * Prizes: Winning apps are qualified to be displayed in the US Capitol. Winners are also invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill and may be awarded additional sponsor prizes. International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) Each country sends a group of four students, who compete individually, to the two-day international competition. American students must win the USACO competition to be chosen to participate. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a secondary school student who wins your national competition. * Prizes: IOI officially only gives medals to the winners. However, the real prize is being able to write down “IOI winner” when you apply to a college, which will give you a big advantage in most top Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) college programs. USA Computing Olympiad (USACO) This well-known and well-regarded competition tests skills in areas such as programming problems that can be solved using various programming languages. Following the three online contests, students advance to the national “US Open” competition. From these results, the top 24 or so scorers are invited to a training camp in the early summer. At the end of the camp, the top four participants are invited to attend IOI. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a middle school or high school student in the US. *Prizes: Top four participants go on to compete at IOI. 40. What can be learned from the passage? A. Students do not need strong programming skills to take part in most of the competitions. B. Winning a computer science competition can guarantee admission to a top STEM college. C. Students taking part in the Congressional App Challenge are encouraged to work as a team. D. The four competitions offer students certificates or medals to recognize their achievements. 41. Which of the following student is most likely to meet the requirements for the Congressional App Challenge? A. Lucy, a high school student in a participating US district who wants to develop an app with three classmates. B. Jack, a secondary school student who wants to improve an existing app with his peers. C. David, a middle school student who wants to compete individually in programming contests. D. Emma, a primary school student who wants to create an app using her favorite programming language. 42. Where can you most probably read this passage? A. In a guide to extracurricular activities for high school students. B. On a leaflet for students who are interested in computer science. C. In an academic journal on the latest developments in computer science. D. In a university brochure promoting a computer science programme. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍四项计算机赛事，分别说明Bebras、Congressional App Challenge、IOI以及USACO的比赛形式、参赛条件和奖励，供喜爱计算机的学生参考。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Congressional App Challenge段落“In this computer science competition, individual students or groups of up to four design an app.(在这项计算机科学竞赛中，学生可以单人参赛，或组成最多四人的小组设计应用程序)”可知，该竞赛鼓励学生团队合作。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Congressional App Challenge段落“In this computer science competition, individual students or groups of up to four design an app.(在这项计算机科学竞赛中，学生可以单人参赛，或组成最多四人的小组设计应用程序)”以及“You must be a middle or high school student in a participating district.(你必须是参与地区的初高中学生)”可知，Lucy是参赛地区的高中生，想和三名同学（共4人）开发应用，符合参赛要求。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。全文介绍四项计算机相关竞赛，面向对计算机感兴趣的学生介绍赛事、参赛条件与奖励，最有可能出现在面向对计算机科学感兴趣学生的宣传单上。 (C) Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to restrain people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励，刺激) can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage. A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives — showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note. Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called “the moral sentiments.” The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff — we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be respected by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic (利他主义的) than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics — and a prescription for sullen (闷闷不乐的) employees. Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply — sometimes wrongly — what motivates us. Fines or public sharp criticism that appeals to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities. This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time — just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. 43. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. People are more willing to donate blood when they are allowed to receive financial rewards. B. Titmuss’s claim about blood donation was widely accepted by economists when it was first proposed. C. Economic incentives may sometimes discourage the very behavior they are intended to promote. D. Businesses have long recognized the negative effects of economic incentives on moral behavior. 44. The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that _______. A. incentive policies by the government are more effective B. monetary punishments usually have moral implications C. good policies can combine economic restrictions with moral guidance D. plastic-bag taxes have become popular environmental measures across Europe 45. The text intends to tell us that _______. A. businesses might as well put economic incentives to fuller play B. money is not everything, and instead, there is always something else C. people’s good deeds can only be motivated by moral education rather than fines D. incentives may go wrong when they are in conflict with the moral sentiments 46. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Economic Incentives: When Rewards and Punishments Backfire B. Moral Sentiments: The Key to Building a Better Society C. Financial Rewards: An Effective Way to Change Human Behavior D. Self-interest and Public Spirit: Two Conflicting Human Motivations 【答案】43. C 44. C 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章指出罚款和奖励这类经济激励有时会适得其反，用血液捐赠实验说明激励会破坏人的道德情操；好政策可兼顾经济约束与道德引导，激励一旦违背道德情感就会适得其反。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But incentives (激励，刺激) can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.(但是激励机制也可能适得其反，削弱它们本想要鼓励的那种行为)”以及第二段“But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives — showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.(但从那以后，新数据和新模型彻底改变了经济学家看待激励的方式——其中表明，蒂特马斯的观点很多时候是正确的，企业应当留意)”可知，经济激励有时会阻碍本想要促进的行为。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message.(理想情况下，政策实现社会价值目标，不仅利用利己心理，也鼓励公共精神。爱尔兰2002年开始征收购物塑料袋小额税，塑料袋几乎绝迹，就起到了这样的效果。它在经济上处罚违规者，同时传递道德理念)”可知，举爱尔兰塑料袋税例子是为说明好政策可以结合经济约束与道德引导。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called “the moral sentiments.”(大量近期实验表明，当经济激励损害亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”时，用经济激励回报利己行为会适得其反)”以及第四段“But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.(但是当激励冒犯或削弱我们的道德感知时，激励就会失效)”可知，文章想要告诉我们激励如果和道德情操冲突，就会出问题。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to restrain people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励，刺激) can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.(组织与社会团体依靠罚款和奖励约束人们的利己行为，以服务公共利益。罚单的威胁能让司机遵守规定，而奖金的承诺则能激励人们表现出色。但激励措施也可能适得其反，反而削弱了本应鼓励的行为)”以及文章开篇点明奖惩激励有可能适得其反，用献血实验、爱尔兰塑料袋税案例，论述经济激励违背道德情感时会产生反效果。A选项《经济激励：当奖惩适得其反》贴合全文主线。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Wikipedia: From Doubt to Success Wikipedia is a Web-based, free-content encyclopedia written collaboratively by volunteers and sponsored by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible. Wikipedia is the most popular reference site on the internet, receiving tens of millions of hits each day. ____47____ Even now, after numerous academic studies had highlighted its reliability, Wikipedia still lacks the gravity and authority of older encyclopedias like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which are written by paid academic experts. Wikipedia may not have conquered its doubters in theory, but it has triumphed (获胜) in practice. ____48____ As social media sites are criticized for censorship (审查制度), “fake news” and disinformation, its reputation is higher than ever. One explanation may be deliberate decisions. Wikipedia compares well with other reference works when it comes to honest mistakes. Other reasons are structural. The site’s open nature and its popularity help ensure that errors in well-read articles are usually spotted and fixed quickly. Wikipedia’s not-for-profit structure means it can focus on the interests of readers and editors without having to consider the demands of advertisers. The site is also unusual in that it is run by humans, not algorithms. Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia’s content, and registered users can create new articles and have their changes instantly displayed. However, it has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion. ____49____ Katherine Maher, the Wikimedia Foundation’s executive director and CEO, estimates around 80% of Wikipedia’s editors are male, and skewed (偏向的) towards North America and Europe. ____50____ “Our vision is a world where every single human being can share in all knowledge,” Maher says. A. The most notable is that editors are required to remain neutral, presenting different perspectives without judging their truth. B. As a result, Wikipedia has been criticized for being open to editing by anyone. C. Like most Utopian thinking, the idea of an amateur encyclopedia was, for many years, treated as a bit of a joke. D. Changing that is believed to be vital to the health of a project whose idealism remains undimmed. E. With over 20bn page views a month, it has become the standard reference work for anyone with an internet connection. F. Wikipedia is built on the expectation that collaboration among users will improve articles over time. 【答案】47. C 48. E 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是维基百科从饱受质疑到获得成功，分析了它受欢迎的原因，指出它目前存在的问题，并介绍了它的知识共享愿景。 【47题详解】 空前“Wikipedia is the most popular reference site on the internet, receiving tens of millions of hits each day.(维基百科是互联网上最受欢迎的参考资料网站，每天获得数千万次访问量。)”说明维基百科访问量巨大。空后“Even now, after numerous academic studies had highlighted its reliability, Wikipedia still lacks the gravity and authority of older encyclopedias like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which are written by paid academic experts.(即便如今已有大量学术研究证明它具备可靠性，维基百科依旧缺少《大英百科全书》这类老牌百科全书的厚重感与权威性，而后者是由付费学术专家撰写的。)”说明即便很多学术研究证明它可靠，但依旧比不上大英百科这类专家撰写的权威百科。C选项“Like most Utopian thinking, the idea of an amateur encyclopedia was, for many years, treated as a bit of a joke.(和大多数乌托邦式的想法一样，这个由业余人士编写百科全书的构想，多年来一直被看作有点荒唐的笑话。)”承接“它曾长期被质疑”的背景，完美衔接前后的“高人气”与“仍缺权威”的转折逻辑，引出后文对质疑声的具体说明。 【48题详解】 空前“Wikipedia may not have conquered its doubters in theory, but it has triumphed (获胜) in practice.(理论上，维基百科或许还没能说服所有质疑者，但在实际应用层面它已然大获成功。)”说明理论上维基没能完全说服质疑者，但在实际应用中大获成功。空后“As social media sites are criticized for censorship (审查制度), “fake news” and disinformation, its reputation is higher than ever.(当各类社交媒体平台因审查制度、“假新闻” 以及虚假信息饱受诟病时，维基百科的声誉达到了前所未有的高度。)”说明社交媒体饱受虚假信息诟病，而维基的声誉比以往任何时候都高。E选项“With over 20bn page views a month, it has become the standard reference work for anyone with an internet connection.(它每月页面浏览量超 200 亿，已经成为所有互联网使用者的标准参考资料。)”用巨大访问量来证明它现实层面的成功，符合语境。 【49题详解】 空前“Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia’s content, and registered users can create new articles and have their changes instantly displayed. However, it has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion.(几乎所有访问者都可以编辑维基百科内容；注册用户能够创建新词条，修改内容会立刻展示出来。不过，维基百科有一套准则，明确哪些信息适合收录。)”说明维基几乎所有人都能编辑，但它有一套规定，界定哪些信息适合被收录。A选项“The most notable is that editors are required to remain neutral, presenting different perspectives without judging their truth.(其中最值得注意的一点是，编辑必须保持中立，呈现不同观点，而不去评判这些观点本身的真伪。)”中的“the most notable”指代前一句的“a set of policies”，展开讲其中最重要的一条规则，话题连贯。 【50题详解】 空前“Katherine Maher, the Wikimedia Foundation’s executive director and CEO, estimates around 80% of Wikipedia’s editors are male, and skewed (偏向的) towards North America and Europe.(维基媒体基金会执行董事兼首席执行官Katherine Maher估计，维基百科大约 80% 的编辑为男性，编辑群体也偏向北美与欧洲地区。)”说明大约80%编辑是男性，编辑群体偏向欧美（编辑群体不均衡的现状）。空后““Our vision is a world where every single human being can share in all knowledge,” Maher says.(Maher说：“我们的愿景是，打造一个人人都能共享全部知识的世界。”)”引用她的愿景 —— 希望所有人都能共享全部知识。D选项“Changing that is believed to be vital to the health of a project whose idealism remains undimmed.(人们认为，改变这一现状对于这个理想依旧熠熠生辉的项目的良性发展至关重要。)”中的that指代上文问题：编辑性别失衡、地域偏向欧美；承接现实缺陷，引出后文远大愿景，因此符合语境。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Take Control of Our Own Life Who’s in control of your life? Who is pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it’s other people — society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young. Of course, we were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde put it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation.” So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug — we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to do. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (一剂毒品), we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval. But just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom — the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agendas, and they come with their own beliefs and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process. So how can we take back control? I think there’s only one way — make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Most of us depend on others’ approval to feel good and accepted to such an extent that we are even addicted to it. Seeking continuous recognition costs us the freedom to be ourselves. Besides, since others’ opinions are constantly changing, it is pointless to try to please everyone. To regain control, we should follow our inner values rather than outside views. (60 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们普遍因渴求他人认可而迷失自我、丧失人生主动权的现象，分析了一味取悦他人的弊端，并提出遵从内在价值观、夺回人生掌控权的解决路径。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①For the majority of us, our life is controlled by other people, and we do everything we can to make other people like us. ②We are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to do. ③The price of the approval drug is the freedom to be ourselves; trying to please everyone will end up getting exhausted and pleasing no one. ④To take back control, we should stop caring what other people think and guide ourselves by innate values from within. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合为核心现象；将③拆分为两层弊端，以④作结论给出对策。 3. 遣词造句 Most of us depend on others’ approval to feel good and accepted to such an extent that we are even addicted to it. Seeking continuous recognition costs us the freedom to be ourselves. Besides, since others’ opinions are constantly changing, it is pointless to try to please everyone. To regain control, we should follow our inner values rather than outside views. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Most of us depend on others’ approval to feel good and accepted to such an extent that we are even addicted to it.(运用了such...that引导的结果状语从句) 【高分句型2】Besides, since others’ opinions are constantly changing, it is pointless to try to please everyone.(运用了since引导的原因状语从句和动词不定式短语作真正的主语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 尽管遭到强烈反对，委员会仍坚持认为这项提案值得采纳。(proposal) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite strong opposition, the committee still insisted that the proposal was worth adopting/worthy of adoption/deserved to be adopted. 【解析】 【详解】表示“尽管”用介词despite，表示“强烈反对”用strong opposition。表示“委员会”用the committee，作主语。表示“坚持认为”用insist，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式insisted。insisted后接宾语从句。从句中：表示“提案”用the proposal，作从句主语，表示“值得”用固定搭配be worth doing/worthy of +名词/deserve to be done，从句用一般过去时，系动词用was；表示“采纳”动词为adopt，名词为adoption；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 53. 他对科学痴迷不已，自大学毕业以来一直坚定不移地探索科学前沿。(so…that) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He is so fascinated by science that he has always been determined to/ he has determined to explore the frontier(s) of science since his graduation from university. 【解析】 【详解】主语为he；表示“对……痴迷不已”译为be fascinated by，陈述事实为一般现在时的被动语态；此处为结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”译为so…that…；从句主语为he；表示“坚定不移地”译为be determined to或determine to do sth.，由副词always修饰，表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时；表示“探索科学前沿”译为explore the frontier(s) of science；表示“自大学毕业以来”译为since his graduation from university。 54. 面对突如其来的暴雨，市长没有自乱阵脚，而是有条不紊地指挥大家避险。(direct v.) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Faced with the sudden heavy rain, the mayor stayed calm/did not panic/lose his head; instead, he directed everyone to move to safety/take shelter in an orderly manner/in an organized way. 【解析】 【详解】本句话处理为两个并列的分句，时态为一般过去时，第一分句“面对突如其来的暴雨，市长没有自乱阵脚”中的“面对突如其来的暴雨”用过去分词短语Faced with the sudden heavy rain作状语；“市长没有自乱阵脚”表达为the mayor stayed calm或者did not panic/lose his head，第二分句“而是有条不紊地指挥大家避险”表达为：instead, he directed everyone to move to safety/take shelter in an orderly manner/in an organized way。 55. 其实他知道朋友们打算偷偷为他庆祝生日，但当大家突然进来时，他还是装出一副很惊讶的样子，以免扫了大家的兴。(fake v.) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He actually knew that his friends (had) planned to/were planning to secretly celebrate his birthday/planning a surprise birthday party for him, but when everyone suddenly walked/came in, he still faked surprise/a surprised look so as not to let them down/spoil the fun/be a wet blanket for fear of disappointing them/for fear that they might/should be disappointed.in case they were/should be disappointed. 【解析】 【详解】本句叙述过去已经完成的连贯动作，整体用一般过去时态。主语“他”译为He，谓语动词“知道”用knew表示，后接that引导的宾语从句；从句中“朋友们打算偷偷为他庆祝生日”用(had) planned to/were planning to secretly celebrate his birthday表示，符合过去语境下的计划动作；转折连词but衔接并列分句，时间状语从句由when引导，“大家突然进来”译为everyone suddenly walked/came in；“他还是”译为he still；题干指定的动词fake表示“装出”，过去式为faked，后接宾语surprise/a surprised look表示“很惊讶的样子”；后半句“以免扫了大家的兴”提供了三类合规表达：不定式结构so as not to let them down/spoil the fun/be a wet blanket、介词短语for fear of disappointing them、目的状语从句for fear that they might/should be disappointed和in case they were/should be disappointed，均贴合语境语义。 V. Guided writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是海平中学高三毕业生李明，你所在的社区将在暑假开设面向小学生的日间托管服务(day care)，现招募社区高中生志愿者，要求每一位志愿者能根据自己的特长开设一门微课程。请写一封应聘信(信中请不要出现真实的个人信息)，信的内容须包括： 1)你准备开设的微课程的名称和主要内容； 2)你开设这门微课程的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Ming, a senior three student from Haiping High School. I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the community’s summer day care for primary students. The micro-course I plan to offer is Fun Handwriting&Chinese Calligraphy. In this course, I will teach kids basic writing skills. We will practice simple Chinese characters, learn about famous calligraphers and enjoy traditional Chinese art. Besides, we will finish small handwritten works together in class. I choose this course because I have practiced calligraphy for years. I hope to help kids form good handwriting habits and fall in love with traditional culture. I’m patient and good with young children. I will spare my time and try my best to make the class lively. I would appreciate it if I could get this chance. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一封应聘信，说明你准备开设的微课程的名称、主要内容以及你开设这门微课程的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 打算：plan to → intend to 喜爱：fall in love with → take a fancy to 选择：choose → select 完成：finish → complete 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：I’m patient and good with young children. I will spare my time and try my best to make the class lively. 拓展句：Not only am I patient and good with young children, but I will spare my time and try my best to make the class lively. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I would appreciate it if I could get this chance.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】I choose this course because I have practiced calligraphy for years.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 建平中学2026学年第一学期10月教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 说明：考试时间为 105分钟，总分 115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Computers have learned to make us jump through hoops The other day I had to log into a service I hadn’t used before. Since I was a new user, the website decided that it needed to check I wasn’t a robot and so set me a Captcha test to determine whether the user is a person or a machine. I was presented with an image of a roadside scene over which ____1____ (lay) a grid (网格). My “challenge” was to click on each cell in the grid that contained a traffic sign. I did so and then I was presented with another image and another grid — also with a request to identify road signs. ____2____ a lamb, I followed the instructions, after which the website accepted my input. And then I realized what I had been doing was adding to a dataset for training the machine-learning software that guides self-driving cars. So, ____3____ (gain) access to an automated service that will benefit financially from my input, I first have to do some unpaid labor to help improve the performance of autonomous vehicles. Neat, eh? But note also the delicious additional irony ____4____ the Captcha is described as an “automated Turing test”. The Turing test was conceived as a way of enabling humans to determine whether a machine ____5____ respond in such a way that one couldn’t tell whether it was a human or a robot. So we have wandered into a world in which machines make us do tricks to prove that we are humans! ____6____ (strange) aspect of this unparalleled shift is how under-discussed it has been. The metaphor of the boiling frog comes to mind. Have we become subtly conditioned by digital technology ____7____ we don’t see what’s been happening to us? Have we been conditioned to accept a world governed by “smart” tech, trading convenience to the point ____8____ we become a bit like machines ourselves? The answer is “yes”. We shape our tools and then our tools shape us. Technology is supposed to provide tools that serve our ends. But, as the machine-learning Captcha demonstrates, a significant proportion of digital tech now sees humans as means to ends that are not ____9____. In the process, they reduce us to the status of cheery rats ____10____ (run) on treadmills (踏车) designed by people who do not have our interests at heart. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. communicate B. conservative C. divorce D. echo E. fix F. intended G. like-minded H. owed I. philosophy J. resonant K. risk Have you ever felt out of place at a party or profoundly misunderstood by a colleague, friend, or partner? This feeling of being unable to convey your ____11____ information is what psychologist Carl Jung referred to when he said that loneliness comes not from being alone, but from being “unable to ____12____ the things that seem important to you.” While such a failure to connect is sometimes ____13____ to poor social skills, there are also other reasons. The specific experience — of feeling separate and alone in one’s thoughts and experiences despite having the capacity to share them — is known as epistemic loneliness (认知型孤独). Psychologists define epistemic loneliness as the inability to share “the richer mental aspects” of one’s life. To put it another way, it strikes when a person’s unique cognitive world —formed by their specific abilities and deep intellectual interests — finds no ____14____ in others. This is the profound frustration of being mentally “all dressed up but with nowhere to go”. A musician composing a new piece, an educator polishing their teaching ____15____, or a researcher analyzing groundbreaking data all ____16____ this loneliness when their intellectual excitement is met with disinterest from those around them. The frustration of such intellectual ____17____ is profound, yet a genuine connection is possible. For instance, my conversation with an English professor proved to be ____18____and meaningful. This published poet and pianist and I discussed the idea of making complex ideas and experiences something more easily understood by our students, clients, and readers. Because we built bridges to meet one another via shared experiences and backgrounds (I am also a musician who is familiar with music theory, and we are both educators), cognitive isolation was not experienced that evening. This is not to say that being cognitively connected with others is the only ____19____ to this type of loneliness. Everyone has thoughts, stories, and experiences to share, and as both a nonprofessional and a helping professional, I am happy to hear them. But not everyone in our lives is willing or able to share their thoughts in response to ours. Therefore, a(n) ____20____ other, or someone who “gets” it or “gets” us, goes a long way toward eliminating this specific kind of loneliness. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The World Cup paradox The theme tune of the men’s World Cup exemplifies the contest’s claim to foster global unity. Nearly half the world is expected to ____21____ over the coming weeks as the tournament moves towards its final. A viewer might come away with two conclusions. First, that entertainment culture is more ____22____ than ever. Second, that America remains the soft-power superpower at the centre of it all. Both assumptions would be ____23____. Mega-events like the World Cup still seize global attention. But the bigger picture is that entertainment is ____24____. From music to television to social media and gaming, audiences are tuning out of American content and embracing ____25____ from closer to home. There is an emerging paradox: even as the world becomes more connected, people are choosing more local forms of fun. Even as billions tune in to a single show in North America, the American-led monoculture (一元文化) is fading. This local turn is the ____26____ of what many predicted. Global entertainment platforms and the mobile-app stores give people everywhere access to the same music, video and games. The biggest winners have been a lopsidedly (不平衡地) American elite of megastars and brands. The biggest sports leagues have ____27____ in value along with them. But below the top tier, entertainment is fragmenting. Sport has always been a(n) ____28____ globaliser, because people prefer to watch their local team. America’s National Football League earns 98% of its media-rights revenue at home. Every four years the world comes together for the World Cup and the Olympics. ____29____, fans are mainly obsessed with domestic contests. Other kinds of culture have long been more globalised, often thanks to America. But now this seems to be ____30____. Music charts are becoming more local: in Brazil, an extreme case, 96 of the 100 most-streamed artists last week were Brazilian. Cheaper production and distribution have caused a ____31____ in the supply of local entertainment. Today, producing and distributing new entertainment — whether songs, videos or games — is cheap enough for it to be profitable to target much smaller niches (小众). The ____32____ has also changed. A growing global middle class has made it ____33____ for Netflix to make big-budget shows tailored to Mexican subscribers, or for the developers of “Free Fire” to devise Bollywood themes for Indian gamers. Governments will need to adapt to the changing dynamics of soft power. America’s century of ____34____ over global popular culture is over. All eyes will be on America for the World Cup final next month. But it is a(n) ____35____ force in a new game of soft power that has only just kicked off. 21. A. log in B. turn up C. tune in D. check out 22. A. commercialized B. digitized C. globalised D. standardized 23. A. interpreted B. mistaken C. confirmed D. generalized 24. A. splitting up B. taking off C. wearing off D. stepping up 25. A. innovations B. conventions C. proposals D. alternatives 26. A. similarity B. orientation C. strategy D. opposite 27. A. diversified B. collapsed C. rocketed D. fluctuated 28. A. reluctant B. ideal C. aggressive D. consistent 29. A. Likewise B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise 30. A. progressing B. reversing C. deteriorating D. mounting 31. A. transition B. boom C. gap D. drop 32. A. recreation B. location C. audience D. distribution 33. A. worthwhile B. insignificant C. accountable D. impractical 34. A. argument B. dominance C. concern D. preference 35. A. dividing B. driving C. declining D. unifying Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) For millennia starry nights have guided navigators, confused astronomers and inspired painters. But they are becoming a rarer sight. At least 80% of the world lives under light-polluted skies — a figure that rises to 99% in America and Europe. A paper published in Science found that between 2011 and 2022 the night sky grew almost 10% brighter each year. With so many places flooded with artificial light, people are increasingly seeking out the darkness. Many became starry-eyed during the pandemic. Confined to their homes, people took to gazing at the cosmos. (It helped that lockdown contributed to a drop in light pollution in lots of places.) Some turned to social media — and online communities such as “SpaceTok” — for information. Once restrictions lifted, these hobbyists planned their trips accordingly. The forecasts for companies offering “astrotourism” are anything but cloudy. In 2024 a survey by Booking.com, a travel website, found that 62% of people were interested in destinations with limited light pollution. To meet the demand for “cosmic escapism”, some hotels now provide access to telescopes and in-house astronomers. Others are offering star-bathing and moonlit meditation. Because the best stargazing requires seclusion (清净), astrotourism is a boon to remote areas that do not usually appeal to tourists. Dark Sky International, a non-profit, certifies (认证) parks and reserves with the best night-time conditions. It has seen a substantial increase in the number of applications in the past three years, growing from 16 in 2023 to 28 applications in the first half of 2026 alone. Al Ula, in the Saudi Arabian desert, is going big on astrotourism by building a state-of-the-art observatory and luxury stargazing lodges. John Barentine, an astronomer in Arizona, says there is an opportunity for rural places where industries such as mining have declined. Such trips appeal because they offer a stillness that is hard to find in much of the modern world, where “we have turned night into day in the places we live and work,” as Ruskin Hartley, Dark Sky’s director, puts it. Stargazing also encourages feelings of wonderment, which are in short supply. Studies have found that those who look up report a greater sense of well-being; feelings of awe are linked to lower stress levels and a sense of quietness. Some credit the recreation with giving them a greater sense of perspective. As Oscar Wilde once wrote: “We are all in the gutter (阴沟), but some of us are looking at the stars.” 36. What led to the rise of interest in stargazing during the pandemic? A. A dramatic drop in light pollution. B. Being confined to their houses. C. The information about stars shared on social media. D. The promotion of stargazing trips by travel agencies. 37. What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. A good opportunity that brings great benefits. B. A campaign that promotes moonlit meditation. C. A disadvantage that restricts development. D. An industry that is subject to environment. 38. If you plan to take a stargazing trip, which spot will you most probably choose? A. A natural reserve with a great popularity for its scenery. B. A luxurious city hotel with state-of-the-art telescopes. C. A remote desert without the impact of artificial light. D. A rural place with its industrial production progressing fast. 39. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Looking at the star is rare because people spend their days facing the harsh realities of the gutter. B. Stargazing allows people to find beauty and meaning beyond the noise of the everyday world. C. People respond to the adversity of life by seeking feelings of wonderment in various pastimes. D. The pursuit of inner peace and new perspectives drives people to look up and escape from the gutter. (B) Getting into computer science is challenging but exciting. If you like solving tech problems and creating with computers, there are great contests that can prove how good you are and help you take your computer skills to a higher level. Bebras Bebras is a computing competition where each participant gets 45 minutes to answer 15 multiple-choice questions on computational and logical thinking. Students complete the challenge at school, and they can track how their computer science skills grow over time. * Eligibility requirements: Any teacher can sign their students up for the competition and students from all backgrounds are welcome to join the competition. * Prizes: Your teacher can print certificates with your level of achievement. Congressional App Challenge In this computer science competition, individual students or groups of up to four design an app. The app can be created using any programming language and platform, and it can be on any theme or topic. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a middle or high school student in a participating district. * Prizes: Winning apps are qualified to be displayed in the US Capitol. Winners are also invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill and may be awarded additional sponsor prizes. International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) Each country sends a group of four students, who compete individually, to the two-day international competition. American students must win the USACO competition to be chosen to participate. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a secondary school student who wins your national competition. * Prizes: IOI officially only gives medals to the winners. However, the real prize is being able to write down “IOI winner” when you apply to a college, which will give you a big advantage in most top Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) college programs. USA Computing Olympiad (USACO) This well-known and well-regarded competition tests skills in areas such as programming problems that can be solved using various programming languages. Following the three online contests, students advance to the national “US Open” competition. From these results, the top 24 or so scorers are invited to a training camp in the early summer. At the end of the camp, the top four participants are invited to attend IOI. * Eligibility requirements: You must be a middle school or high school student in the US. *Prizes: Top four participants go on to compete at IOI. 40. What can be learned from the passage? A. Students do not need strong programming skills to take part in most of the competitions. B. Winning a computer science competition can guarantee admission to a top STEM college. C. Students taking part in the Congressional App Challenge are encouraged to work as a team. D. The four competitions offer students certificates or medals to recognize their achievements. 41. Which of the following student is most likely to meet the requirements for the Congressional App Challenge? A. Lucy, a high school student in a participating US district who wants to develop an app with three classmates. B. Jack, a secondary school student who wants to improve an existing app with his peers. C. David, a middle school student who wants to compete individually in programming contests. D. Emma, a primary school student who wants to create an app using her favorite programming language. 42. Where can you most probably read this passage? A. In a guide to extracurricular activities for high school students. B. On a leaflet for students who are interested in computer science. C. In an academic journal on the latest developments in computer science. D. In a university brochure promoting a computer science programme. (C) Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to restrain people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励，刺激) can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage. A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives — showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note. Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called “the moral sentiments.” The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff — we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be respected by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic (利他主义的) than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics — and a prescription for sullen (闷闷不乐的) employees. Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply — sometimes wrongly — what motivates us. Fines or public sharp criticism that appeals to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities. This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time — just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. 43. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. People are more willing to donate blood when they are allowed to receive financial rewards. B. Titmuss’s claim about blood donation was widely accepted by economists when it was first proposed. C. Economic incentives may sometimes discourage the very behavior they are intended to promote. D. Businesses have long recognized the negative effects of economic incentives on moral behavior. 44. The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that _______. A. incentive policies by the government are more effective B. monetary punishments usually have moral implications C. good policies can combine economic restrictions with moral guidance D. plastic-bag taxes have become popular environmental measures across Europe 45. The text intends to tell us that _______. A. businesses might as well put economic incentives to fuller play B. money is not everything, and instead, there is always something else C. people’s good deeds can only be motivated by moral education rather than fines D. incentives may go wrong when they are in conflict with the moral sentiments 46. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Economic Incentives: When Rewards and Punishments Backfire B. Moral Sentiments: The Key to Building a Better Society C. Financial Rewards: An Effective Way to Change Human Behavior D. Self-interest and Public Spirit: Two Conflicting Human Motivations Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Wikipedia: From Doubt to Success Wikipedia is a Web-based, free-content encyclopedia written collaboratively by volunteers and sponsored by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible. Wikipedia is the most popular reference site on the internet, receiving tens of millions of hits each day. ____47____ Even now, after numerous academic studies had highlighted its reliability, Wikipedia still lacks the gravity and authority of older encyclopedias like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which are written by paid academic experts. Wikipedia may not have conquered its doubters in theory, but it has triumphed (获胜) in practice. ____48____ As social media sites are criticized for censorship (审查制度), “fake news” and disinformation, its reputation is higher than ever. One explanation may be deliberate decisions. Wikipedia compares well with other reference works when it comes to honest mistakes. Other reasons are structural. The site’s open nature and its popularity help ensure that errors in well-read articles are usually spotted and fixed quickly. Wikipedia’s not-for-profit structure means it can focus on the interests of readers and editors without having to consider the demands of advertisers. The site is also unusual in that it is run by humans, not algorithms. Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia’s content, and registered users can create new articles and have their changes instantly displayed. However, it has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion. ____49____ Katherine Maher, the Wikimedia Foundation’s executive director and CEO, estimates around 80% of Wikipedia’s editors are male, and skewed (偏向的) towards North America and Europe. ____50____ “Our vision is a world where every single human being can share in all knowledge,” Maher says. A. The most notable is that editors are required to remain neutral, presenting different perspectives without judging their truth. B. As a result, Wikipedia has been criticized for being open to editing by anyone. C. Like most Utopian thinking, the idea of an amateur encyclopedia was, for many years, treated as a bit of a joke. D. Changing that is believed to be vital to the health of a project whose idealism remains undimmed. E. With over 20bn page views a month, it has become the standard reference work for anyone with an internet connection. F. Wikipedia is built on the expectation that collaboration among users will improve articles over time. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Take Control of Our Own Life Who’s in control of your life? Who is pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it’s other people — society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young. Of course, we were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde put it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation.” So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug — we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to do. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (一剂毒品), we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval. But just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom — the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agendas, and they come with their own beliefs and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process. So how can we take back control? I think there’s only one way — make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 尽管遭到强烈反对，委员会仍坚持认为这项提案值得采纳。(proposal) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 他对科学痴迷不已，自大学毕业以来一直坚定不移地探索科学前沿。(so…that) __________________________________________________________________ 54. 面对突如其来的暴雨，市长没有自乱阵脚，而是有条不紊地指挥大家避险。(direct v.) __________________________________________________________________ 55. 其实他知道朋友们打算偷偷为他庆祝生日，但当大家突然进来时，他还是装出一副很惊讶的样子，以免扫了大家的兴。(fake v.) __________________________________________________________________ V. Guided writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是海平中学高三毕业生李明，你所在的社区将在暑假开设面向小学生的日间托管服务(day care)，现招募社区高中生志愿者，要求每一位志愿者能根据自己的特长开设一门微课程。请写一封应聘信(信中请不要出现真实的个人信息)，信的内容须包括： 1)你准备开设的微课程的名称和主要内容； 2)你开设这门微课程的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $