词汇知识 专题03 阅读理解高频词汇（课件）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

2025高考复习 03 阅读理解高频词汇 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 专题 目录 CONTENTS 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 核心精讲·题型突破 五大考向，真题研析+核心精讲+命题预测 01 考情透视·目标导航 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 研究报告类高频词汇 ①熟记相关词汇； ②有助于快速理解文章 document n. 文件；（计算机）文档 v. 记录；用文件证明 extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的 biodiversity n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性 detect v. 发现；查明；测 technology n. 科技；技术性机器 observation n. 观察；监视；评论 application n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用 author n. 作者；作家；发起人 assistant adj. （用于头衔前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；店员；售货员；助教 outnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多 specimen n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本 increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 observational adj. 观察的，观测的 investigate v. 调查；研究 熟练掌握 2024 · 新高考I卷 考情透视·目标导航 4 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 ①熟记医学、科普类词汇； ②快速理解文章 unknowable adj. 不能知道的，不可知的 simulation n. 模仿，模拟；[生]拟态，拟色；假装；装病 inquiry n. 调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究 facilitate v. 促进；使便利 comprehension n. 理解力；充分了解；（听力或阅读）理解测试 conceptual adj. 观念的，概念的 metaphor n. 隐喻，暗喻；象征 standard n. 标准；军旗 adj. 标准的；合格的；一般的 information n. 消息；数据；问讯处 virtual reality虚拟现实 unsurprisingly adv. 不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地 computation n. 计算 effective adj. 有效的；实际的；起作用的 insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的 熟练掌握 2024·北京卷 考情透视·目标导航 5 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 熟记相关词汇快速理解文章 equally adv. 平等地，相等地；同样 mental aspect 心理方面 hypothesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindset n. 观念模式，思维倾向，心态 engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣(engage的ing形式)；预订 demonstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 available adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的 mental focus心理焦点 maximize vt. 最大化，使（某事物）增至最大限度；极为重视；[数学]解函数的最大值；最大限度利用（某事物） vi. 尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值 reflection n. 映像，倒影；体现；深思；反射；描述；感想 assume v. 假设，认为；呈现；假装 熟练掌握 2024 · 新高考I卷 考情透视·目标导航 6 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇 熟记相关词汇快速理解文章 extremely tired 极累 grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 disappointed adj. 失望的，灰心的 content adj.满意的；满足的 thrilled adj. 非常兴奋的；极为激动的 a sense of curiosity好奇的感觉 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 successful adj. 成功的 determination n. 决心；决定；查明 remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 boring adj. 令人厌烦的，无聊的 well-paid adj. 工资高的 dangerous adj. 危险的 demanding adj. 费时的；劳神的；苛刻的；要求很高的 熟练掌握 2021年6月浙江卷 2021·新高考II卷之B篇 2021·新高考I卷B篇 考情透视·目标导航 7 从近三年高考试题来看： 阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇的难度也有所增加。 考情透视·目标导航 8 考查能力及内容： 体裁以说明文为主，记叙文和议论文为辅。 考生能快速找到文章的细节信息、并就某些事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，要求学生能准确把握文章的主旨大意及作者的写作态度及意图。 考情透视·目标导航 9 预计在2025年高考阅读理解的难度将维持在2024年的水平。 考情透视·目标导航 10 02 知识导图·思维引航 知识导图·思维引航 12 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点一 攻坚克难 突破研究报告类高频词汇 【典例1】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) 翻译背诵划线的单词 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” n. 文件；文档 v. 记录；用文件证明 document extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的 n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性 biodiversity detecting technology application observations author assistant outnumber specimens increasingly observational investigate v. 发现；查明；测 n. 科技；技术性机器 n. 观察；监视；评论 n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用 n. 作者；作家；发起人 adj. 助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；助教 vt. 数量多于；比…多 n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本 adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 adj. 观察的，观测的 v. 调查；研究 考点突破·考法探究 15 【典例2】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. n. 统计学家，统计员 statistician illustrated v. （用示例/图画等）说明；插图于… n. 实验；试用 v. 做实验；尝试 experiment estimation conducted accurate independent underestimate capitalizes overestimate averaged cancel accuracy correlated n. 评价，判断；估算 v. 进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导 adj. 独立的；公正的；无关联的；自立的 adj. 正确的，精确的；精准的 vt. 估计…的价值；把…定为首都 vi. 利用 vt. 对…作过高的评价；对…估计过高 n. 过高的估计；过分的评价 vi. 估计过高；评价过高 adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均数；平均水平 v. 平均为；算出…的平均数 v. 取消，终止；废除，注销 n. 精确（性），准确（性）；准确无误 adj. 有相互关系的 vt. 低估；对…估计不足； n. 低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视 考点突破·考法探究 16 英语阅读理解试题中的研究报告类文章总是出现 在D篇或C篇，根据近几年的高考阅读理解文章看，它是整个卷中最难的部分，原因为： 1.长难词较多； 2.词形转换的词比较多； 3.涉及一词多义或熟词生义； 4.缺乏背景知识，对整体文章理解不到位。 二轮复习的一个重要任务就是突破难点，提高阅读能力。二轮复习总结、熟记研究报告高频词汇就是一个有效的方法，力争高考前把较难的词汇烂熟于心，为高考考场做好充分准备，这就是有的放矢地备考。 我是解题小能手 解 题 技 巧 考点突破·考法探究 17 阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇 document n. 文件；文档 v. 记录 biodiversity n. 生物多样性 detect v. 发现；查明；测 technology n. 科技；技术性机器 author n. 作者；作家；发起人 outnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多 increasingly adv. 不断增加地 observational adj. 观察的，观测的 experiment n. 实验 v. 做实验 accurate adj. 精确的；精准的 overestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价 cancel v. 取消，终止；废除，注销 twist vt. 搓，捻；连结，交结 vi. 扭动；旋转，转动 n. 丝线 significantly adv. 有重大意义地 dominant adj. 占支配地位的；（基因）显性的 response n. 答复；反应 potential adj. 潜在的 n. 可能性 encounter v. 遭遇；偶遇 n. 偶遇 datasets n. 数据集；资料组 identification n. 识别；密切关联 tempt vt. 引诱，怂恿；吸引 preschooler n. 学龄前儿童 mechanism n. [生]机制，机能，[乐]机理；（机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构；机械作用 dramatically adv. 戏剧地；显著地 prize n. 奖品v. 重视；撬动；竭力打探 connectivity n. 连通性 consumption n. 消费，消耗量 temptation n. 诱惑，引诱；诱惑物 submit v. 顺从；提交；主张；建议 meaningful adj.有意义的 interaction n. 互相影响；互动 acquisition n.获得，得到；获得物 allergic adj. 过敏的 component n.成分；组成部分 eliminate vt. 清除；淘汰 ingredient n. 成分，食材；要素，因素 ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的；不明确的 appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地 coincidence n. 巧合，巧事 deliberately adv. 故意地，蓄意地 discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力 perceive v.理解；注意到 stimulate v. 刺激；激发；促进 extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的 observation n. 观察；监视；评论 application n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用 specimen n. 样品；抽样；标本 investigate v. 调查；研究 statistician n. 统计学家，统计员 illustrate v. 说明；插图于… underestimate vt. 对…估计不足 correlated adj. 有相互关系的 eye-catching adj. 引人注目的 psychologist n. 心理学家 mismatch n. 错配，失谐 thoughtful adj.缜密思考过的 effectively adv. 有效地 balloon n. （热）气球 v. 膨胀，激增 relatively adv. 关系上地；相对地 participant n. 参加者，参与者；关系者 category n. 种类；类别 recognize vt.认出；承认 vi. 确认 distinguish v. 区分；辨别出 random adj. 随机的；任意的 abstract adj. 抽象的v. 写摘要 accumulate v. 积累，积聚 alternative adj. 可供替代的 approximately adv. 近似；大约 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 controversial adj.有争议的 permanent adj.长久的，永恒的 popularization n.通俗化，普及 transformation n. 转变，改观 environmentally-related 与环境有关的 fragment n. 碎片；片段 influential adj. 有很大影响的 maximum adj.最多的，最大极限的 n. 最大量，最大限度(反：minimum) overpopulated adj. 人口过多的 assistant adj. （用于头衔前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手 estimation n. 评价，判断；估算 conduct v. 进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导（热或电） independent adj. 独立的；无关联的 capitalize vt. 估计…的价值；把…定为首都 vi. 利用 average adj. 平均的；n. 平均数；平均水平 v. 平均为；算出…的平均数 accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性） phenomenon n. 现象；杰出的人 individual adj. 单独的；个人的；独特的 n. 个人；某种类型的人 implication n. 含义；可能的影响 reveal v. 揭示；展示 feature n. 特征 v. 以…为特征 imperfect adj. 有缺点的，不完美的 oversampled 过度采样的 originally adv. 起初，原来 device n. 装置，器具；策略 survey n. 调查 v.审察，测量 submission n.服从；提交 explanation n. 解释；理由；阐述 abnormal adj. 反常的，不正常的 academic adj. 学业的，学术的 accelerate v. (使)加快，(使)加速 budget n.预算v.谨慎花钱adj.花钱少的 calculate vt.计算，预测；估计 characteristic n.特征；特色adj.典型的 circumstance n. 条件；环境；状况 compensate v. 弥补，补偿；赔偿 integrate v. (使)合并，(使)结合 考点突破·考法探究 18 阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇 考点突破·考法探究 19 阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇 考点突破·考法探究 20 （2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）（节选）In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives  and  infer there will be  “phantom costs” –  imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” 12．According to paragraph 2, the experiments mainly focus on people’s . A．Thinking method. B．Decision making. C．Financial condition. D．Potential ability. 13．Why does the author mention “standard economic model”? A．To explain the experiments further. B．To clarify a psychological concept. C．To provide evidence for the study. D．To express doubt on the experiments. 考向一 研究报告类阅读理解 考点突破·考法探究 21 （2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）（节选）In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives  and  infer there will be  “phantom costs” –  imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” 12．According to paragraph 2, the experiments mainly focus on people’s . A．Thinking method. B．Decision making. C．Financial condition. D．Potential ability. 13．Why does the author mention “standard economic model”? A．To explain the experiments further. B．To clarify a psychological concept. C．To provide evidence for the study. D．To express doubt on the experiments. 12.推理判断题。由文章第二段 可知，实验主要关注人们的决策过程，即“决策制定”。故选B。 13.推理判断题。根据第三段 可知，作者在第三段中提到“standard economic model”是为了进一步解释实验，帮助读者理解人们的决策过程。故选A。 考点突破·考法探究 22 （2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）（节选）In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually high salaries or suspiciously cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely – compared with about 20 percent of those offered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present other scenarios. These included being offered money to accept a ride home, extremely high construction-job wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain point, higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. The study lead author Vonasch says it illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to break accepted rules, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives  and  infer there will be  “phantom costs” –  imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” unusually adv. 非常；异乎寻常地；显著地；出奇 suspiciously participants questionnaires scenarios surprisingly likelihood monetary maximize transactions interactions assume consequences psychological value adv.怀疑地；疑心很深地 n. 参加者，参与 者 n. 调查表，问卷 n. [意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本 adv. 惊人地，出人意外地 adj. 货币的，金钱的；钱的；金融的 n. 可能，可能性 vt. 最大化；极为重视； vi. 达到最大值 n. 交易，业务，事务；办理，处理 n.合作；互相影响；互动；交流，沟通 v. 假设，认为 心理价值 n. 结果；重要性 考点突破·考法探究 23 考点二 攻坚克难 中医学、科普类高频词汇 【典例1】（2024·北京卷）翻译背诵划线的单词 So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. adj. 不能知道的，不可知的 unknowable simulation n. 模仿，模拟；[生]，拟色；假装；装病 n.调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究 inquiry facilitate comprehension metaphors conceptual information standard virtual reality Unsurprisingly computation effective insightful v. 促进；使便利 n. 理解力；充分了解；理解测试 adj. 观念的，概念的 n. 隐喻，暗喻；象征 n. 消息；数据；问讯处 n. 标准 adj. 标准的；合格的；一般的 虚拟现实 adv. 不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地 n. 计算 adj. 有效的；实际的；起作用的 adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的 考点突破·考法探究 25 【典例2】 （2022·全国II卷）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner. “Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. adj. 健康的；健全的；大量的；有益于健康的 healthy efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的 n. 氧（气） oxygen flexible Fortunately midlife specialist enthusiastic volunteers Participants high-intensity guidance adj. 柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的 adv. 幸好；幸运的是 n. 中年 n. 专家；专科医生 adj. 非常感兴趣的，热心的 n.志愿者 v. 主动提供（建议信息) n. 参加者，参与者 高强度，强烈 指导；导航 remarkable adj. 异常的；卓越的；显著的；非凡的 考点突破·考法探究 26 阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 医学类 alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和bandage n.绷带 disable v.使...失去能力 diagnose v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断 prescribe vi.开药方 vt.规定,开处方 oxygen n.氧气 immune adj.免除的,免疫的 n.免疫者 surgeon n.外科医生 remedy n.治疗法,补救 vt.治疗 pill n.药丸 vt.服用药丸 qualify vt.取得资格vi.取得资格 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，恍惚的 chronic adj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的 disorder n.杂乱,混乱 vt.扰乱 dizzy adj.晕眩的vt.使困惑，使晕眩 vitamin n.维生素 soothe v.缓和，使..安静，安慰 syndrome n.综合征;典型表现，典型行为 physician n.内科医生 stress n.压力v.强调vt. 强调 tablet n.药片，片状物 undertake vt.从事,承担;负责 bacteria n.(复数)细菌 capsule n.胶囊vt.装入胶囊 discomfort n.不适vt.使不适 transplant vt.移植(器官) protein adj.蛋白质的n.蛋白质 resistant adj.抵抗的n.抵抗者 handicap n.障碍 vt.加障碍物 pregnancy n.怀孕 stroke n.中风;打击;vt.抚摸 scar n.疤痕vt.&vi.使...有伤 cardiovascular adj. 心血管的 考点突破·考法探究 27 阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 科普类 assign v.分配,指派 赋值 electrical adj.电的,电气科学的 universal adj.通用的,宇宙的n.通用 mechanical adj.机械的,呆板的 psychological adj.心理(学)的 biology n.生物学 formula n.公式;adj.方程式的 measurement n.测量,衡量,尺寸,大小 navigation n.航行，航海，导航 monitor v. 监控 n. 监测仪器 sustainability n.持续性，永续性 roadmap n. 路标 digital adj.数字的,电子的 electronic adj.电子的;电子操纵的 solar adj.太阳的,太阳能的 precise adj.精确的,准确的,认真的 phenomenon n.现象，非凡的人或事物 evolution n.进化，发展，进展 statistic n.统计数值 intelligence n.理解力，智力，情报 infinite adj.无限的,无穷的n.无限 emission n. 发出；排放（物） chemicals n. 化学药品 forthcoming adj. 即将到来的 dimension n.容积n.范围;方面 optical adj视觉的,光学的 solid adj.固体的n.固体,实心 logical adj符合逻辑的 element 成分,元素,基本原理 mathematics n.数学 carbon n.碳,灯芯,复写纸 graph n.图表v.用图表表示 visual adj.视觉的n.可视化 pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药 transform v. 使改变形态 revolution n. 革命；变革 考点突破·考法探究 28 阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 科普类 complicated adj.复杂的；难处理的 informative adj. 提供信息的 sidelined v. 使退出比赛( sideline的过去式和过去分词 )；使下场（尤指由于受伤）；把…排除在核心之外； structured thinking结构化思维 understandable adj. 能懂的，可理解的 Artificial General Intelligence通用人工智能 essential adj. 基本的；根本的 n. 必需品；基本知识 abandoned adj.废弃的 sustainable adj.可持续的 accessible可进入/使用的 tipping point n. 卸载点；引爆点、临界点、量变到质变的分界点 dispose of丢弃 environmentally friendly环保的 circumstance n．条件，环境 考点突破·考法探究 29 As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow. 8．Why do doctors often recommend day centers to Alzheimer’s disease patients? A．To make them calm down. B．To keep their minds active. C．To help them make more friends. D．To prevent them developing other diseases. 9．What do we know about Glenner Town Square? A．It is a facility for caregivers to take a rest. B．It is an ancient town for patients to live in. C．It is intended to refresh the patients’ memories. D．It is inspired by the design of several other facilities. 10．Which of the following best describes the project? A．Safe. B．Flexible. C．Challenging. D．Promising. 11．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Judy Garland and Jennifer Lawrence were famous administrators. B．Memories concerning the earlier key moments are easier to recall. C．Memories of all life stages can equally be applied in the treatment. D．Alzheimer’s disease patients can have memories of 20 years at most. （2024·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体期中）D An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication. Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24 buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation. Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects. 考向二 中医学、科普类阅读理解 考点突破·考法探究 30 As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow. 8．Why do doctors often recommend day centers to Alzheimer’s disease patients? A．To make them calm down. B．To keep their minds active. C．To help them make more friends. D．To prevent them developing other diseases. 9．What do we know about Glenner Town Square? A．It is a facility for caregivers to take a rest. B．It is an ancient town for patients to live in. C．It is intended to refresh the patients’ memories. D．It is inspired by the design of several other facilities. 10．Which of the following best describes the project? A．Safe. B．Flexible. C．Challenging. D．Promising. 11．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Judy Garland and Jennifer Lawrence were famous administrators. B．Memories concerning the earlier key moments are easier to recall. C．Memories of all life stages can equally be applied in the treatment. D．Alzheimer’s disease patients can have memories of 20 years at most. （2024·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体期中）D An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication. Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24 buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation. Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects. 8.推理判断题。 根据第一段可知，医生经常向阿尔茨海默病患者推荐日间中心是为了让他们的思维保持活跃。故选B。 9.细节理解题。 根据第二段可知，Glenner Town Square是为了唤起病人的记忆。故选C。 10.推理判断题。 根据第三段可知，这个项目是很有前途的，故选D。 11.推理判断题。 根据最后一段可知，最后一段说明了关于早期关键时刻的记忆更容易被回忆起来。故选B。 考点突破·考法探究 31 （2024·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体期中）D An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication. Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24 buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation. Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance these effects. As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow. 专业指导 professional guidance estimated adj. 估计的；预计的；估算的 v. 估计，评估 adj.忙碌的 v. 保证，约定；从事 engaged medication nonprofit evoke facilities visual reminders approach episodes therapy n.药剂；药物治疗；药物处理；加入药物 adj. 非盈利的 v. 引起，唤起 n. 工具；天资；特别装置；设备 视觉提醒 v. 临近；处理 n. 方法，途径 n. 一集，一节；插曲；（病症）发作期 n. 治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力 cognitive function 认知功能 immersive adj. 拟真的；沉浸式虚拟现实的 enhance v. 提高，增强；改进 endure v. 忍受；持续 milestones n. 重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑 typically adv. 典型地；代表性地；通常 administrator n. 管理者；有管理（或行政）才能的人 考点突破·考法探究 32 考点三 攻坚克难 社会生活 心理学类高频词汇 【典例1】（2024·新高考I卷）翻译背诵划线的单词 But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. hypothesis mental aspect mindset engaging demonstrated identical available n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 心理方面 n.观念模式，心态 adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣；预订 v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的 equally adv. 平等地，相等地；同样 maximizing vt. 最大化；[数学]解函数的最大值 mental focus 心理焦点 reflection n. 映像，倒影；体现；深思；描述 assume v. 假设，认为；呈现；假装 考点突破·考法探究 34 【典例2】 （2023·新课标II卷）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. humanity celebration leisure emphasizes portrayed relate to symbolically n. 人类；人性；人道 n. 庆典；庆祝；赞扬 n. 空闲时间；闲暇；悠闲；安逸 v. 强调；重视；使突出 v. 扮演（角色）；描述；描绘；表现 与...相关；涉及；谈到 adv. 象征性地 representations n. 表现；陈述 demonstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 intellect n. 智力，理解力；有才智的人；知识分子 inexpensive adj. 不贵的，便宜的 throwaway adj. 脱口而出的；开玩笑的；用后丢弃的 transforming v. 使改变形态；使改观 sculptures n. 雕刻作品；雕刻艺术 考点突破·考法探究 35 【典例3】 （2023·全国乙卷）In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. accidentally In addition to powerfully deliberately objects literate adv. 偶然地 除…以外(还) adv. 强大地，强烈地；有效地 adv. 有意地；从容地；不慌不忙地 n. 物体；目标；v. 反对；提出…反对的理由 adj. 有文化修养的；熟练的；通晓的 miscomprehension 误解 accounts n. 账号；账单；解释；老主顾 v. 解释 necessarily adv. 必要地；不可避免地 conversation n. 交谈，谈话 考点突破·考法探究 36 社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 社会生活类 allocate vt.分配 assess v．评估；估算 boost v．提高；推动；使增长 consciousness n．意识；观念 critically adv.批判性地 emergence n．兴起 genuine adj.真的；真诚的 pursuit n．追求；消遣 thrive v．旺盛，繁荣 behaviours暴力行为 moral virtues道德美德 religion n. 宗教；教派；心爱的事物 motivate vt.促动，激发，诱导；刺激 accompany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴随 capacity n.容量；才能 adj.无虚席的 bankrupt adj.破产的 civilize v．使文明，开化 coordination n．协调 depressed adj.萧条的 financial squeeze财政困难 initiative n．倡议，新方案 sponsor n．赞助者 v．赞助 tend v．倾向 chaos n. 混乱，杂乱 cruelty n. 残酷，虐待；不公 social instincts社会本能 behavioural patterns行为模式 advantageous adj. 有利的；有好处的 strengthen v. 巩固；加强；增强 biography n．传记 comprehension n．理解 celebrity n．名人 discipline n．纪律 flourish v．繁荣 modify v．调整；修饰 tragedy n．悲剧 dishonest adj.不诚实的 morality n. 道德；道德观 humbleness n. 谦逊，粗鄙 community n. 社会（团体） efficient adj. 效率高的 self-discipline自我修养,自律 self-control n.自控；自我克制 philosophy n. 哲学；哲学思想；生活信条 考点突破·考法探究 37 社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 心理学类 minimalism n. 最低纲领，极保守行动 aggressive adj.挑衅的；积极进取的 lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 bully v. 恐吓，威逼 psychology n. 心理（学）；思想 suicidal thoughts自杀念头 sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的 supportive adj. 支持的，拥护的，赞助的 mental health心理健康 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 prioritize vt. 按重要性排列；优先处理 cyberbullying网上欺凌 misunderstand v. 误解 intolerable adj.无法容忍的；难堪 conceited adj.自负的，傲慢的 stress n.压力；强调 v. 强调 victim n. 受害者；牺牲品 psychologist n. 心理学家 neglect v. 疏忽 n. 忽略；怠慢 respect n. 尊敬 v. 遵守 complex adj.复杂的 n. 复合体 societal expectations社会期望 extracurricular adj.课外的 verbal abuse言语虐待 popularization n. 普及 motivation n. 动力；积极性 solitude n. 单独，孤独 frustrate vt. 挫败；使受挫折 suspect v. 猜想，觉得；怀疑 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑；渴望 self-esteem n. 自尊；自大；傲骨 empathy n. <心>移情作用；同感 assertiveness n. 魄力；自信 psychological problem心理问题 overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的 deprivation n. 剥夺；丧失；匮乏 social exclusion n. 社会排斥 emotional intelligence情绪 stability n. 稳定；坚定，恒心 考点突破·考法探究 38 考向三 社会生活、心理学类阅读理解 （2025·浙江省金华市高三上学期一模）（阅读C节选）Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth, a biopsychologist. She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one. Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks. psychological principle 心理原理 recency effect 近因效应 account for 说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起 a sequence of 一系列的 clarity n. 清楚，明确；思路清晰 biopsychologist 生物心理学家 inability n. 无能，无力；无才能；无能为力 formula n. 公式，方程式；方案，方法 unforgettable adj. 难忘的；铭刻肺腑的 Neuroscientist [医]神经科学家：神经科学各分支专家 strategically adv. 战略上，战略性地 multiple adj. 多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的 考点突破·考法探究 39 考点四 融会贯通 人物及作者态度高频词汇 【典例1】(2021·新高考II卷之B篇) Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there. extremely tired grateful 极累 adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 disappointed adj. 失望的，灰心的 考点突破·考法探究 41 【典例2】 （2021年6月浙江卷）Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. content thrilled adj.满意的；满足的 adj. 非常兴奋的；极为激动的 a sense 好奇的感觉 of curiosity adj. 启发灵感的 inspiring adj. 成功的 successful n. 决心；查明 determination adj. 异常的；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 remarkable 考点突破·考法探究 42 【典例3】 （2021·新高考I卷B篇） “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained. 25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage? A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous. 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C。 boring adj. 令人厌烦的，无聊的 well-paid adj. 工资高的 demanding adj. 费时的；劳神的；苛刻的；要求很高的 dangerous adj. 危险的 考点突破·考法探究 43 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 作者态度——表示赞同+积极 acclaim 赞同，称赞 appreciative 感激的，欣赏的 compensatory 补偿的，赔偿的 desirable 值得拥有的，令人满意的 favorable 赞成的,有利的,赞许的 modest 谦虚的，适度的 respectable可敬的，可观的，体面的 supportive支持的，支援的 talented 有才能的，有天赋的 understanding 了解,认识,谅解 concerned关心的 approval 赞成，承认,正式批准 confident 自信的，有信心的 enthusiastic 热情的，积极性的，狂热的 frank坦白的，真诚的，直率的 positive 肯定的,积极的,实际的 satisfaction 满意，满足 sympathy 同情，同情心，同感，赞同 tolerance 宽容，容忍 admiring 赞赏的 consent同意 appreciation 欣赏，感激 approving 赞成的 defensive 为…而辩护 enthusiasm热情，热心 influential 有影响的 profound意义深远的 soothing镇静的，慰藉的 sympathetic 同情的 tolerant 宽容的，容忍的 rewarding 有回报的 impressed / impressive留下深刻印象的 instructive 有教育意义的 humorous 幽默的 考点突破·考法探究 44 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 作者态度——表示否定+消极 ambiguous 模棱两可的 pessimistic悲观的= permissive hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的 conservative 保守的，守旧的 detestation 憎恶，厌恶 doubtful 可疑的，怀疑的 harmful 有害的 indulgence 沉溺，放纵 negative 否定的，消极的，阴性的 opposed 反对的 disappointed 失望的 hostile有敌意的 unworthy 不值得的，无价值的 permissive悲观的 warning警告的，引以为戒的 depressed 沮丧的=frustrated =gloomy arrogant 傲慢的，自大的 contempt 轻视，耻辱 disapproval 不赞成 enraged 激怒的 impulsive 冲动的，任性的 insulted 受辱的，辱骂的 objection 异议 self-centered 以自我为中心的，自私的 radical 激进的 undesirable 不受欢迎的，不合意的 unwilling 不情愿的 = reluctant hesitancy 犹豫 biased 有偏见的 contemptuous 轻视的 disgust 厌恶，反感 guilty 有罪的，内疚的 indignation 愤慨 misleading 令人误解的 opposition反对 ironic讽刺的=sarcastic=satiric disapproval 不赞成 uneasy 心神不安的 cynical愤世嫉俗的 arbitrary 武断的 worried 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的 考点突破·考法探究 45 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 作者态度——表示客观中立 factual 事实的 impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的 conservative保守的 unbiased 没有偏见的 detached 不含个人偏见的，客观的 neutral 中立的=impersonal unprejudiced 公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的 disinterested 无私的 ambiguous 模棱两可的 objectiveness客观性 objective 客观的 考点突破·考法探究 46 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 作者态度——主观词 cautious谨慎的 puzzled 困惑的，迷惑的 intolerant不能容忍的，偏执的 compromising 妥协的 formal 正式的 cautiousness 谨慎，小心 subjective 主观的 critical批评的，挑剔的，决定性的 dissatisfied 不满意的 informal 非正式的 curiosity 好奇，好奇心 apprehensive 担心的 criticism 批评 informative 提供资讯的 sensitive 敏感的 discontent不满的 作者态度——表怀疑不确定 dubious 怀疑的 unclear 不确定的 suspicion 怀疑，猜疑 questioning 质疑的 skeptical 怀疑 questionable 可疑的 uncertain 态度不明的 skepticism 怀疑 考点突破·考法探究 47 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 一般不选的词汇——表达歧视，偏见，不平等 discrimination歧视 prejudiced 偏见的 unfair 不公平的，不公正的 inequality 不平等 bias 偏见 contemptuous 轻蔑的，鄙视的，侮辱的 contemptible 令人轻视的，可轻视的 prejudice偏见 biased 偏见的 scornful 轻蔑的，鄙视的 discriminated 歧视的 一般不选的词汇——表达冷漠，不关心，不感兴趣 indifference 漠不关心 carefree 不关心的 indifferent 漠不关心的 apathetic 冷漠的 = impassive 冷漠的 uninterested 不感兴趣的 unconcerned 不关心的 考点突破·考法探究 48 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 一般不选的词汇——表达迷惑，不清楚 uncertainty 不确定 uncertain 不确定的 ambiguous模棱两可的unclear不清楚的 puzzled 困惑的= confused 一般不选的词汇——表达容忍，沉溺，放纵 tolerant 容忍的 indulged 放纵的 tolerance 容忍 indulgent 放纵的 indulgence 放纵，沉溺 permissive 放纵的 一般不选的词汇——表达情感态度过于强烈，过于否定，过于肯定 sacrifice 牺牲 enthusiastic 热情的 conceited 自负的 sacrificial 牺牲的 strongly 强烈地，强有力地 destructive 破坏性的，毁灭性的 satiric 讽刺的 desperate绝望的 mocking 嘲讽的 考点突破·考法探究 49 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 描写人物 able有才干的，能干的 aggressive有进取心的 analytical善于分析的 aspiring有志气的，有抱负的 bigmouth多嘴多舌的 brave勇敢的 caring体贴的，有同情心的 comical滑稽的 considerate体贴的 courageous勇敢的，有胆量的 dashing有一股子冲劲的 devoted有献身精神的 disciplined守纪律的 dutiful尽职的 energetic精力充沛的 faithful守信的，忠诚的 frank直率的，真诚的 generous慷慨大方的，宽宏大量的 hard-working勤劳的 honest诚实的 independent有主见的 inventive有发明才能的 knowledgeable有见识的 mean吝啬的 moody情绪化的 noisy聒噪的 optimistic乐观的 outgoing外向友好的 pessimistic悲观的 practical实际的 personality有个性的人 reasonable讲道理的 romantic浪漫的，空想的 selfless \ unselfish无私的 sincere真诚的 sociable好交际的 straightforward老实的 strong-willed意志坚强的 talented有才能的，有天赋的 virtuous善良的,道德高尚的 understanding理解人的 active 主动的，活跃的 alert机灵的 apprehensive有理解力的 attractive有魅力的，有吸引力的 bland冷漠的 brilliant有才气的，聪颖的 cheerful开朗的 competent能胜任的 constructive建设性的 creative富有创造力的 demanding苛刻的 dependable可靠的 dishonest不诚实的 easy-going随和的 enthusiastic充满热情的 forceful性格坚强的 friendly友好的 gentle有礼貌的，绅士般的 helpful助人的，有益的 humorous幽默的 initiative 有首创精神的 just 正直的 learned精通某学问的 methodical有方法的 motivated目标明确的 objective客观的 orderly守纪律的 painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 polite有礼貌的 purposeful意志坚强的 qualified合格的 reliable可信赖的 self-conscious自觉的 sensible明白事理的 skeptical多疑的 spirited生气勃勃的 strict严格的 sympathetic有同情心的 tireless孜孜不倦的 trustful容易相信人的 ungrateful不领情的 sweet-tempered性情温和的 adaptable适应性强的 ambitious有雄心壮志的 argumentative好争辩的 bad-tempered 脾气暴的 bossy 专横跋扈的 capable有才能的 childish 幼稚的 confident有信心的 cooperative合作精神的 cultured有教养的 determined坚决的 depressing沉闷的 disorganized无组织的 efficient有效率的 expressive善于表达的 forgetful健忘的 funny有趣的，古怪的 greedy 贪婪的 helpless无助的，没用的 inconsiderate轻率的 intellective有智力的 kind-hearted好心的 loyal忠心耿耿的 modest谦虚的 narrow-minded心胸狭窄 open-minded虚心的 original有独创性的 passionate充满热情的 popular受欢迎的 pushy有进取心的 realistic实事求是的 responsible负责的 selfish自私的 sensitive敏感的 smart精明的 steady踏实的，稳定的 supportive助人的 thoughtful体贴人的 tolerant容忍的 trustworthy值得信任的 upright正直的 考点突破·考法探究 50 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 考点突破·考法探究 51 记叙文中描写人物相关的高频词汇 考点突破·考法探究 52 1． （2025·浙江省金华市高三上学期一模）（节选）The story of the Forest of Immortal Stories begins in 2019, when Cojocaru lost his wife to cancer. Cojocaru suffered constant depression; as a solution, his doctor told him to walk in the countryside, 6,000 or more steps a day. Cojocaru had grown up in Nucsoara, but only as he walked the hills did he notice the trees: giant beeches (山毛榉), some as old as 500 years. Their beauty and strength revived him, and he felt as if they had adopted him. 4．Cojocaru's walk in the beech forest can be described as _________. A．demanding B．healing C．adventurous D．romantic 考向四 人物及作者态度类阅读理解 推理判断题。根据第一段的句子和第二段的句子可知，Cojocaru在山毛榉林中的散步有治愈作用。故选B项。 adventurous adj. 勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的 romantic adj. 浪漫的；爱情的；多情的；n. 浪漫的人 demanding adj. 费时的；要求很高的 healing n. 康复，复原 v. （使）愈合( heal的现在分词 )；治愈；（使）结束；较容易忍受 考点突破·考法探究 53 2． （2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模） With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. All along the way, Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying. As the son of immigrants from the· Dominican Republic, he has even worked towards ending poverty in that country. 26．Which of the following best describes Charlie? A．Humble and responsible. B．Strong-willed and helpful. C．Innovative and generous. D．Good-natured and tolerant. 考向四 人物及作者态度类阅读理解 推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，他有坚强的意志。由文章第四段中可知，查理一直致力于帮助他人，这表明他是乐于助人的。因此，坚强意志和乐于助人最能描述查理。故选B。 考点突破·考法探究 54 2． （2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模） With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. All along the way, Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying. As the son of immigrants from the· Dominican Republic, he has even worked towards ending poverty in that country. 26．Which of the following best describes Charlie? A．Humble and responsible. B．Strong-willed and helpful. C．Innovative and generous. D．Good-natured and tolerant. Humble adj. 非常兴奋的；极为激动的 responsible adj. 有责任的；引起…的；可靠的；责任重大的 Strong-willed adj. 意志坚强的，固执己见的 helpful adj. 给予帮助的；有帮助的；有好处的 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的，忍受的 Good-natured adj. 和善的；性格好的，脾气好的；温厚的 generous adj. 慷慨的；宽厚的；丰富的 Innovative adj. 革新的；创新的 immigrants n. （外来）移民；外侨 dedicated adj. 专注的，投入的；献身的 consistently adv. 一贯地，坚持地，固守地 overshadowed vt. 使失色；使阴暗；遮阴 took off 起飞 frustrations n. 挫折；失败；挫败；失意 refuge n. 避难；避难所；[医]救急疗法 考点突破·考法探究 55 考点五 心领神会 常用同义替换词汇或短语 【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）节选 But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 同义词替换是设置正确选项的重要手段，让你快速、准确地找到正确答案。大多数的阅读理解正确选项或题干都是采用同义句表达的手段进行改写的。 考点突破·考法探究 57 【典例1】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）节选 But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 同义词替换是设置正确选项的重要手段，让你快速、准确地找到正确答案。大多数的阅读理解正确选项或题干都是采用同义句表达的手段进行改写的。 考点突破·考法探究 58 【典例2】 （2024·新课标II卷）节选We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 考点突破·考法探究 59 【典例2】 （2024·新课标II卷）节选We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 考点突破·考法探究 60 熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 第一组 1.跟…有关 be related to= be associated with= be linked to= be connected with 2.多种多样 a variety of +n. /varieties of +n. =various +n. =all kinds of=all sorts of = diversities of 3.提前 in advance, ahead of time, ahead of schedule 4.厌烦 be tired/sick of=be bored with=be fed up with 5.区分 distinguish/tell A from B 6.亲自 personally, in person 7.只有 only, nobody/nothing but 8.出版 come out, be published 9.尤其 particularly, in particular 10.锻炼 exercise, work out 11.谋生 make/earn a living 12.代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of 13.结合 combine, mix sth.up 14.前进 advance, move forward 15.舒适 comfortable, at ease 16.十年 decade, ten years 17.两周 fortnight, two weeks 18.二十 score, twenty 19.十二 dozen, twelve 20.成人 adult, grown-up 21.删除 delete, cut out 22.回答 answer, reply to 23.进入enter, come/go into 24.雇用某人employ/hire sb, take sb on 25.移走 remove, take away 26.吸收 absorb, take in 27.与…一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with 28.缺席 be absent from, be not present at 29.收割 harvest, gather, get in 30.抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject 31.与...相反/对立 contradict, be opposite to 32.放弃 abandon, go away from, leave, give up 33.代替 replace, take the place of 34.背诵 recite, learn…by heart 35.害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of 36.退（学） quit, drop out of (school) 37.推迟 delay, postpone, put off 38.去拿来 fetch, go and bring back 39.相匹配 match, go with 40.精力充沛 energetic, full of energy 41.少数 a minority of, a small number of 42.打扰 cause trouble to, bother, disturb 43.描述 describe, give a description of 44.后来 afterwards, after that, later on 45.目前 nowadays, at present, at the present time 46.取消 cancel, call off 47.宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public 48.逃跑 escape, run away 49.担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about 50.提到 mention, refer to, talk about/of 51.展览 on show/display/exhibition 52.勇敢（去做） be brave to, have courage to 53.违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law 54.满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need 55.重力gravity, the pull of the earth 56.算出calculate, figure out 57.与…不同differ from, be different from, vary from…to… 58.高兴起来cheer up, become happy 59.乱七八糟in a mess, in disorder 60.气喘吁吁breathless, out of breath 61.做出决定determine, decide, make a decision 62.对……有害do harm to, be harmful to 63.相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to 64.低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice 65.寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for 66.茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused 67.取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse 68.提高，改善improve, make/become better 69.庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration 70.长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat 71.熟悉know…well, be familiar with 72.处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with 73.到处everywhere, here and there 74.加速accelerate, speed up, quicken 75.保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain 76.一年一次的annual, yearly, every year 77.挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger 78.充当；起……的作用act as, serve as 79.榜样model, example 80.怒视glare at, look at sth angrily 81.平静的calm, not excited 82.抽象的abstract, not specific 83.积极的active, not passive 84.残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly 85.复杂的complicated, not simple, complex 86.人造的artificial, man-made 87.故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely 88.独自地alone, by oneself 89.有危险in danger, at risk 90.占...比例account for, make up 91.青少年adolescent, teenager 92.看医生go to see/consult a doctor 93.更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better 94.使生气annoy sb, make sb angry 95.报道此事cover/report the event 96.很多a lot (of), a great deal (of) 97.影响交通hold up/block traffic 98.澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear 99.可得到的be available, be easily got 100.试验try out, test 101.无论如何anyhow, in any way 102.在……后面behind, at the back of 103.无论什么whatever, no matter what 104.使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy 105.得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion 106.聪明的clever, bright, wise, smart 107.做报告give a presentation/talk/speech 108.辍学，退学drop out of/leave school 109.出国go abroad, go to a foreign country 110.控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth 111.置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to 112.使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do 113.不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to 114.受欢迎的be popular with, be well received (by...) 115.成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth 116.把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth 117.劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do 118.方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means 119.信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in 120.制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan 121.开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence 122.在农村，城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas 123.除……之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from 124.用...替换 replace…with, use…as an alternative to… 125.情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation 126.可进入／接近的be accessible, be easy to enter/reach/use 127.再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again 128.对……全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about 129.把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb 130.认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that 131.用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up 132.防...止疾病protect…from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness 133.值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth 134.反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of 135.老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly 136.劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do 137.有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth 138.充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with 139.下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce 140.突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying 141.告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth 142.宁做A不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B 143.对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb 144.全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally 145.吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention 146.优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than 147. take …off…. 将…从…取下来 take …out of… 把…拿出来从…= take …from… 148. blame sb for sth 因为…责怪某人；把某事归罪于某人身上= blame sth on sb=lay/ place/ put the blame on sb for sth 149. talk sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事=persuade sb to do sth 150. talk sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事=persuade sb not to do sth=dissuade sb from doing sth 考点突破·考法探究 61 熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 考点突破·考法探究 62 熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 考点突破·考法探究 63 1． （2025·湖北省高中名校联盟第二次联合测评）When Mammola and Ficetola went to an ecology conference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual complaint. Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. “If you are doing the important work of trying to save whales, you can use pictures or images to help you communicate this,” said Anderson. “If you are working to save the aquatic fungi, you first must let people know that they exist, and then describe in words what they look like.” What did Anderson complain about? A．Lack of available emojis for aquatic fungi. B．People’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi. C．People’s unwillingness to save aquatic fungi. D．Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in words. 考向五 同义替换词汇或短语 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Anderson不满的是她的研究对象缺乏表情符号，故选A项。 考点突破·考法探究 64 1． （2025·湖北省高中名校联盟第二次联合测评）When Mammola and Ficetola went to an ecology conference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual complaint. Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. “If you are doing the important work of trying to save whales, you can use pictures or images to help you communicate this,” said Anderson. “If you are working to save the aquatic fungi, you first must let people know that they exist, and then describe in words what they look like.” What did Anderson complain about? A．Lack of available emojis for aquatic fungi. B．People’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi. C．People’s unwillingness to save aquatic fungi. D．Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in words. 考向五 同义替换词汇或短语 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Anderson不满的是她的研究对象缺乏表情符号，故选A项。 考点突破·考法探究 65 2． （2025·河南省三门峡市期中）When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad from her daughter, she didn’t even know how to open the thing. Max Rosenblum showed her how to socialize on Facebook and how to shop on Amazon with her new device. What happened to Sarah when she received the iPad from her daughter? A．She had no interest in opening it. B．She had no idea how to use it. C．She felt quite disappointed with it. D．She showed it to Max Rosenblum. 考向五 同义替换词汇或短语 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Sarah收到女儿的iPad时不知道怎么打开它，也就是不知道如何使用，故选B项。 考点突破·考法探究 66 2． （2025·河南省三门峡市期中）When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad from her daughter, she didn’t even know how to open the thing. Max Rosenblum showed her how to socialize on Facebook and how to shop on Amazon with her new device. What happened to Sarah when she received the iPad from her daughter? A．She had no interest in opening it. B．She had no idea how to use it. C．She felt quite disappointed with it. D．She showed it to Max Rosenblum. 考向五 同义替换词汇或短语 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Sarah收到女儿的iPad时不知道怎么打开它，也就是不知道如何使用，故选B项。 考点突破·考法探究 67 考点六 运筹帷幄 常用有关文章出处的词汇 熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 常用有关文章体裁的词汇 1.story 故事 2.novel/fiction小说 science novel/fiction科幻小说 3.fable寓言 4.fairy tale童话；神话 6.advertisement/Ad 广告 8.leaflet 传单；小册子 9.website/web page网页 link (链接) , click(点击) , hit(点击),download(下载) ,book here(点击这里 ) An official website官方网站 A travel website旅游网站an instructive website有教育意义的网站 10.magazine杂志 travel magazine旅游杂志geography magazine地理杂志 art magazine艺术杂志science magazine科学杂志illustrated magazine插图杂志 financial magazine金融杂志 11.newspaper报纸 business newspaper商业报纸 12.report报告 science report科学报告 medical report医学报告 official report官方报告research report研究报告 news report新闻报道 13.journal日记，日志 A travel journal旅行杂志 考点突破·考法探究 69 熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 常用有关文章体裁的词汇 14.A guidebook旅游指南 travel guidebook旅行指南 A guide book一本指南exhibition guidebook展览指南 A program guide一个程序指南 15.brochure 小册子；手册 A training brochure培训手册 A travel brochure 旅行手册 16.review评论 A book review A literature review书评 A film review电影评论 17.article 文章；论文 academic article学术文章research article研究文章 18.essay论说文；论文 19.biography传记 20.lecture 讲座 21.A column introduction专栏介绍 22.A recipe book食谱书 23.entertainment 娱乐节目 24.government document政府文献 25.course plan 课程计划 26.a club newsletter俱乐部通讯 27.encyclopedia百科全书 A geographical encyclopedia地理百科全书 考点突破·考法探究 70 2025高考复习 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 谢谢 聆听 $$