内容正文:
专题04 选择必修二 重点语法
重点语法浏览
重点语法串讲
时态和语态
基本用法
过去完成时
1.过去完成时常与before、by 、when、after、since等引出的时间状语连用,也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出用过去完成时。
2. 过去完成时常用在宾语从句或间接引语中,通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作,即在told、said、knew、heard、thought、found等动词后的宾语从句中
3. 在表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等时,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/wanted/expected等。
4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
5. 在Hardly had sb.done...when...和No sooner had sb. done...than...意为“某人一做……就…
…”,主句用过去完成时。
6. 在This/That/It was the first/second/...time that sb.had done sth.意为“这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”;This/That/It was the +形容词最高级+名词+从句,从句常用过去完成时。
7. 过去完成时用于虚拟语气,常见于以if only等引导的感叹句: 构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish...(我希望……),I’d rather...(我宁愿……)后的that从句:
过去进行时的被动语态
1.表示在过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。
2.少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
过去完成时的被动语态
1.过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来,先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。
2.用于一些主从复合句或含有特定时间状语的简单句中。
现在完成进行时
1. 表示“持续”:即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。
2. 表示“重复”:即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
将来进行时
1、表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作这个时态一般不表意愿,常表示已经安排好的事,给人一种期待感。它一般表示离现在比较近的将来,与表示将来的时间状语连用。
2、表示事情的发展.将来进行时常表示事情正常的发展,是由客观情况决定的
3、表示原因,结果,可能
[易混辨析]
1.过去进行时的被动语态/一般过去时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作,一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。
The farmer said the policemen came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.这位农民说他们被困在暴风雪中时,警察及时赶来救了他们。
My son spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of.我儿子不遗余力地为高考做准备,最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。
The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.教授非常高兴地发现,学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。
3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。
He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。
(2)在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。
We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
(3)在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如:
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
(4)有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时,一般不能用于现在完成进行时。
I’ve known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。
(5)有少数动词(如live, work, teach, study等)用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大。
I’ve lived [been living] here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。
(6)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。
4. 将来进行时与一般将来时的比较:
(1)一般将来时:表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或存在状态,常表示一个将来的事实,意愿或打算,意为“将要,将会”。will/shall do:侧重于表示将来的事实,或一种意愿。 be going to do:侧重于将来的打算,也常用来表示天气。
(2)将来进行时:表示从现在看来在将来某个时间点或时间段可能正在进行的动作或者可能发生的事情,可以是对未来某种情景的推理或预测,意为“可能正在;可能会”。
重点语法训练
I. 单句语法填空
1. When I got to school I found that my classmate ________(leave).
2. Researchers were puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they ________(expect).
3. She asked me whether I ________(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
4. John and I ________(be) friends for eight years. We first ________(get) to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________(see) each other a couple of times before that.
5. By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo ________(complete) the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses equipped with multimedia classrooms.
6. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I (watch).
7. There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time.
8. Steve was pretty upset and angry when he found out how he (trick).
9. It was one of the books that (recommend) at the end of his first lecture.
10. Since last month, John, along with some of his former classmates, ________(long) for a 10-year gathering during this summer holiday.
11. Recently, Zhang ________(cooperate) with women’s re-employment organizations, seeking full-time stay-at-home women with sewing skills.
12. The washing machine ________(run) all morning. What on earth are you washing?
13. To our disappointment, the rain has been ________(continue) since this morning.(
14. It ________(rain) for 3 days.
15. Don’t call me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I ________(occupy) myself with a scientific experiment then.
16. --Shall we meet at the school gate at 7:30 tomorrow morning?
--Sorry, I ________(have) my breakfast then. What about 8:00?
17. You can call me then. I ________(not sleep).
18. Better not call the manager between 8:00 and 9:00 this evening, for he ________(see) Mr. Smith then.
19. Just think! This time next week we ________(enjoy) the sun in the south of France.
20. Ladies and gentlemen, I ________(update)you on the current news at BBC channel 4 at 7:00 pm tomorrow.
Ⅱ完成句子
1. I ________________________ when the ambulance arrived.
我刚对伤者进行了急救,这时救护车就来了。
2. 我刚转身要下楼,电话铃就响了。
________________________ to go downstairs than I heard the phone ring.
3. 马明的邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。
Ma Ming's neighbours said they being exposed to such noise.
4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she (正对她表示同情) by a robot. (被动语态)
5. The lawyer hoped to meet the workers .
律师希望会见被无理解雇的工人。
6. 他抱怨说, 这是他第三次被告知会议日期的变化。
He complained that this was the third time he of the changes of the meeting date.
7.看来这个水龙头里面的水已经漏了一段时间了。我们得把它拆开了才能修好。
It seems that water from this tap ________________. We have to take it apart to put it right.
8. ________(give) these cultural differences, ________ comes as no surprise that Canada ________(celebrate) Multiculturalism Day since 2002.
译:考虑到这些文化差异,加拿大自2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。
9. 明天我不能参加他的婚礼,因为那时我正在开会。
I can’t attend his wedding tomorrow, ________________________.
10. 今天下午玛丽会一直写报告。
________________________ this afternoon.
Ⅲ句型转换
1. She said, "I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday." (直接引语变为间接引语)
2. He seemed to have been in charge of the firm.
________ ________ ________ he ________ been in charge of the firm.
3. He asked, “How did you find it, mother? ”
→He asked her mother ________________.
4. By the end of last week, she had translated the book into three languages. (用被动语态改写)
5. Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写)
6. I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. (用现在完成进行时改写)
7. Diane hasn’t got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today. (用现在完成进行时改写)
8. --We lay on a beach in Brazil last month.
--This time next year, we ________________________ on a beach somewhere in Brazil.
9. Dad often stands on the platform to pick us up.
→ --Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up?
--Yes, I am sure he ________________________ on the platform when we pull into the station.
10. I met my fans in my office yesterday.
→ --The president will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow.
--I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have just ended and I ________________________ my fans in my office.
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专题04 选择必修二 重点语法
重点语法浏览
重点语法串讲
时态和语态
基本用法
过去完成时
1.过去完成时常与before、by 、when、after、since等引出的时间状语连用,也可以由表示过去的动作或上下文语境推断出用过去完成时。
2. 过去完成时常用在宾语从句或间接引语中,通常用过去完成时表示在叙述时间之前发生的动作,即在told、said、knew、heard、thought、found等动词后的宾语从句中
3. 在表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等时,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/wanted/expected等。
4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
5. 在Hardly had sb.done...when...和No sooner had sb. done...than...意为“某人一做……就…
…”,主句用过去完成时。
6. 在This/That/It was the first/second/...time that sb.had done sth.意为“这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事”;This/That/It was the +形容词最高级+名词+从句,从句常用过去完成时。
7. 过去完成时用于虚拟语气,常见于以if only等引导的感叹句: 构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish...(我希望……),I’d rather...(我宁愿……)后的that从句:
过去进行时的被动语态
1.表示在过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。
2.少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
过去完成时的被动语态
1.过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来,先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。
2.用于一些主从复合句或含有特定时间状语的简单句中。
现在完成进行时
1. 表示“持续”:即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。
2. 表示“重复”:即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
将来进行时
1、表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作这个时态一般不表意愿,常表示已经安排好的事,给人一种期待感。它一般表示离现在比较近的将来,与表示将来的时间状语连用。
2、表示事情的发展.将来进行时常表示事情正常的发展,是由客观情况决定的
3、表示原因,结果,可能
[易混辨析]
1.过去进行时的被动语态/一般过去时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作,一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。
The farmer said the policemen came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.这位农民说他们被困在暴风雪中时,警察及时赶来救了他们。
My son spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of.我儿子不遗余力地为高考做准备,最终他被他一直梦想的大学录取了。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。
The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.教授非常高兴地发现,学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。
3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。
He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。
(2)在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。
We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
(3)在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如:
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
(4)有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时,一般不能用于现在完成进行时。
I’ve known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。
(5)有少数动词(如live, work, teach, study等)用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大。
I’ve lived [been living] here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。
(6)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。
4. 将来进行时与一般将来时的比较:
(1)一般将来时:表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或存在状态,常表示一个将来的事实,意愿或打算,意为“将要,将会”。will/shall do:侧重于表示将来的事实,或一种意愿。 be going to do:侧重于将来的打算,也常用来表示天气。
(2)将来进行时:表示从现在看来在将来某个时间点或时间段可能正在进行的动作或者可能发生的事情,可以是对未来某种情景的推理或预测,意为“可能正在;可能会”。
重点语法训练
I. 单句语法填空
1. When I got to school I found that my classmate ________(leave).
【答案】had left
【详解】考查时态。句意:当我到达学校时,我发现我的同学已经离开了。“leave”的动作发生在“found”之前,表示“过去的过去”,所以此处要用过去完成时。故填had left。
2. Researchers were puzzled over the results, which were completely opposite to what they ________(expect).
【答案】had expected
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意:研究人员对结果感到困惑,这与他们的预期完全相反。此处表示“结果与他们原本预期的完全相反”,expect表示的动作发生在were completely opposite之前,表示过去的过去,使用过去完成时,故填had expected。
3. She asked me whether I ________(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
【答案】had returned
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她问我是否把书还给了图书馆,我承认没有。空处作宾语从句的谓语,return发生在asked之前,表示“过去的过去”,使用过去完成时。故填had returned。
4. John and I ________(be) friends for eight years. We first ________(get) to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________(see) each other a couple of times before that.
【答案】have been; got; had seen
【详解】考查时态。句意:约翰和我已经是八年的朋友了。我们第一次认识是在一个圣诞晚会上。但在那之前我们见过几次面。第一空根据时间状语“for eight years”可知为现在完成时,主语为John and I,助动词用have;第二空根据“first”以及句意可知描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;第三空根据时间状语“before that”可知此句表示表示过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填①have been;②got;③had seen。
5. By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo ________(complete) the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses equipped with multimedia classrooms.
【答案】had completed
【详解】考查时态。句意:截至去年年底,淄博市97%的中小学完成了数字化转型,295所学校建立了配备多媒体教室的智能校园。根据上文By the end of last year可知发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had completed。
6. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I (watch).
【答案】was being watched
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:当我全神贯注地拍摄这惊人的景色时,我突然有一种被监视的感觉。根据语境,“我”感觉“正在被监视”,应用过去进行时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”,主语是I,be动词用 was,故填was being watched。
7. There was a lot of noise outside because repair work (do) to the house at that time.
【答案】was being done
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:外面有很大的噪音,因为当时房子正在修理。根据时间状语at that time可知,用过去进行时,do和主语repair work之间是被动关系,用被动语态,主语是不可数名词,be动词应用was。故填was being done。
8. Steve was pretty upset and angry when he found out how he (trick).
【答案】had been tricked
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:当史蒂夫发现自己是如何上当受骗时,他非常沮丧和愤怒。“trick”的动作在“found out”之前发生,它使用过去完成时态,he承受谓语动词trick的动作,则此处应使用过去完成时的被动语态,故填had been tricked。
9. It was one of the books that (recommend) at the end of his first lecture.
【答案】had been recommended
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:这是他第一次演讲结束时推荐的书之一。定语从句that指代先行词books,与谓语构成被动关系,且从句表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been recommended。
10. Since last month, John, along with some of his former classmates, ________(long) for a 10-year gathering during this summer holiday.
【答案】has been longing
【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:从上个月开始,约翰和他以前的一些同学就一直想在这个暑假举行一次10年的聚会。根据时间状语Since last month及句意可知,此处表示过去的动作一直持续到现在,还有可能持续下去,应用现在完成进行时;along with连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语,在人称和数上保持一致,此处与John保持一致,助动词应用has。故填has been longing。
11. Recently, Zhang ________(cooperate) with women’s re-employment organizations, seeking full-time stay-at-home women with sewing skills.
【答案】has cooperated/has been cooperating
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:最近,张与妇女再就业组织合作,寻找有缝纫技能的全职在家妇女。根据句中的“Recently”及句意可知,此处表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作,而且还有可能持续下去,可强调动作在这段时间内一直正在进行,句子使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语Zhang 为单数意义,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has cooperated/has been cooperating。
12. The washing machine ________(run) all morning. What on earth are you washing?
【答案】has been running
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:洗衣机已经运转一上午了。你到底在洗什么?根据时间状语all morning可知,此处表示动作一直在持续,后句用的是现在进行时,说明在说话的时候,“洗衣机运行”这个动作还在进行,且这个动作可能仍会继续进行,所以应用现在完成进行时,主语是单数,助动词使用has。故填has been running。
13. To our disappointment, the rain has been ________(continue) since this morning.(
【答案】continuous/continuing
【详解】考查形容词或者非谓语动词。句意:令我们失望的是,从今天早上开始雨一直在下。空格可以用形容词continuous作表语,表示持续的状态;也可用现在分词continuing和has been构成现在完成进行表示动作持续。故填continuous/continuing。
14. It ________(rain) for 3 days.
【答案】has been raining
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:已经下了三天的雨了。根据时间状语for 3 days可知,动作从过去持续到现在,可能还会继续,且强调rain在这段时间一直正在进行,应用现在完成进行时,主语是It,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been raining。
15. Don’t call me at 2 tomorrow afternoon because I ________(occupy) myself with a scientific experiment then.
【答案】will be occupying
【详解】考查时态。句意:不要在明天下午两点给我打电话,因为那时我正忙于一项科学实验。设空处作从句的谓语,由时间状语“at 2 tomorrow afternoon”和“then”可知,此处要用将来进行时。故填will be occupying。
16. --Shall we meet at the school gate at 7:30 tomorrow morning?
--Sorry, I ________(have) my breakfast then. What about 8:00?
【答案】will be having
【详解】考查时态。句意:---我们明天早上7:30在校门口见面好吗?---对不起,那时我正在吃早饭。8点怎么样?由at 7:30 tomorrow morning和then可知,句子时态用将来进行时,表示将来的某一时刻将要正在进行的事情,因此空格处用will be having,故填will be having。
17. You can call me then. I ________(not sleep).
【答案】won’t be sleeping
【详解】考查时态。句意:到时候你可以给我打电话。我不会在睡觉的。根据上文You can call me then.表示将来某个时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的或持续的动作,为将来进行时,此处为否定陈述句。故填won’t be sleeping。
18. Better not call the manager between 8:00 and 9:00 this evening, for he ________(see) Mr. Smith then.
【答案】will be seeing
【详解】考查时态。句意:今晚8点到9点之间最好不要给经理打电话,因为那时他将会见史密斯先生。根据时间状语between 8:00 and 9:00 this evening可知,表示将来某个时间段正在进行的动作,用将来进行时。故填will be seeing。
19. Just think! This time next week we ________(enjoy) the sun in the south of France.
【答案】will be enjoying
【详解】考查时态。句意:想想!下周的这个时候,我们将在法国南部享受阳光。根据上文This time next week可知,表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作应用将来进行时。故填will be enjoying。
20. Ladies and gentlemen, I ________(update)you on the current news at BBC channel 4 at 7:00 pm tomorrow.
【答案】will be updating
【详解】考查时态。句意:女士们,先生们,我将于明天晚上7点在英国广播公司第四频道向您介绍最新新闻。根据时间状语at 7:00 pm tomorrow可知,要使用将来进行时,故填will be updating。
Ⅱ完成句子
1. I ________________________ when the ambulance arrived.
我刚对伤者进行了急救,这时救护车就来了。
【答案】had (just) given first aid to the injured
【详解】考查过去完成时,名词,形容词。表示“伤者”为一类人,所以用the+adj.;“injured”意为“受伤的”为形容词,所以伤者为the injured。“急救”为the first aid;“进行急救”为give the first aid,“刚刚”为just;根据汉语意思可知,“我进行了急救”发生在救护车来之前,所以需要用过去完成时。故答案为had(just) given first aid to the injured。
2. 我刚转身要下楼,电话铃就响了。
________________________ to go downstairs than I heard the phone ring.
【答案】No sooner had I turned round
【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。“No sooner…than…”意思为“刚……就……”,no sooner之后使用过去完成时并且使用部分倒装句的形式,than之后使用一般过去时,turn round (转身),将助动词had提到主语I前。故填No sooner had I turned round。
3. 马明的邻居说他们都快被这样的噪声逼疯了。
Ma Ming's neighbours said they being exposed to such noise.
【答案】were being driven mad
【详解】考查时态和语态。said后接宾语从句,从句为过去时的某种形式,在结合句意可知,为过去进行时,且主语与谓语为被动关系,所以本句为过去进行时的被动语态。逼得某人发疯为“drive sb mad”。故填were being driven mad。
4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she (正对她表示同情) by a robot. (被动语态)
【答案】was being offered sympathy
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:克莱尔认为机器人正对她表示同情是荒谬的。offer (提供)为从句谓语动词,和从句主语she是被动关系,且结合语意可知,此处表示过去正在进行的被动动作,用过去进行时的被动语态(was/were being done),主语是she,be动词使用was,“同情”sympathy,为不可数名词,作动词offered的宾语。故填was being offered sympathy。
5. The lawyer hoped to meet the workers .
律师希望会见被无理解雇的工人。
【答案】who had been unfairly dismissed
【详解】考查定语从句和动词的时态语态。表示“被无理解雇”应用be unfairly dismissed,定语从句修饰先行词workers,先行词指认,可用who引导,从句的行为发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时的被动语态。故填who had been unfairly dismissed。
6. 他抱怨说, 这是他第三次被告知会议日期的变化。
He complained that this was the third time he of the changes of the meeting date.
【答案】had been informed
【详解】考查时态和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“被告知”,“告知”是inform,“被告知”要用被动语态be informed,this was the third time (that) sb. had done sth.是固定句型,意为“这是某人第三次做某事”,因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态had been done,因此空格处是had been informed。故填had been informed。
7.看来这个水龙头里面的水已经漏了一段时间了。我们得把它拆开了才能修好。
It seems that water from this tap ________________. We have to take it apart to put it right.
【答案】has been leaking for some time
【详解】考查时态和短语。表示“漏水”用动词leak,且动作发生在过去持续到现在,不间断发生应用现在完成进行时,主语为water,助动词用has;表示“一段时间”短语为for some time。故填has been leaking for some time。
8. ________(give) these cultural differences, ________ comes as no surprise that Canada ________(celebrate) Multiculturalism Day since 2002.
译:考虑到这些文化差异,加拿大自2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。
【答案】Given; it; has been celebrating
【详解】考查介宾短语、动词短语和时态。①表示“考虑到”应用介词given,构成介宾短语。②表示“不足为奇”用固定短语comes as no surprise,主语为it,作形式主语。③表示“庆祝”用动词celebrate,结合句意和时间状语since 2002,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,动作还可能持续下去,应用现在完成进行时态has been celebrating。故填Given;it;has been celebrating。
9. 明天我不能参加他的婚礼,因为那时我正在开会。
I can’t attend his wedding tomorrow, ________________________.
【答案】for I’ll be having a meeting then
【详解】考查时态。表示“因为”应用连词for;主语为I;表示“开会”短语为have a meeting,“那时”用then,且表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作或处于的状态,用将来进行时。故填:for I’ll be having a meeting then。
10. 今天下午玛丽会一直写报告。
________________________ this afternoon.
【答案】Mary will be writing a report
【详解】考查时态。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“玛丽会一直写报告”,“写报告”是write a report,由this afternoon可知,句子时态用将来进行时,表示将来的一个时间将要一直进行的事情,因此空格处是Mary will be writing a report。故填Mary will be writing a report。
Ⅲ句型转换
1. She said, "I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday." (直接引语变为间接引语)
【答案】She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before./She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days earlier./She said she had gone there to see the doctor two days before./She said she had gone there to see the doctor two days earlier.
【详解】考查句型转换。句意:她说:“前天我来这儿看医生。”根据直接引语变为间接引语的语法规则,将直接引语变为间接引语时,引语内容用宾语从句表达,从句句意完成,成分齐全,用that引导该宾语从句,that也可省略,用陈述语序,需将主语由第一人称I变为第三人称she,将谓语动词come变为动词go,将谓语动词的一般过去时形式came变为过去完成时形式had gone,将地点状语here变为there,同时将时间状语the day before yesterday变为two days before/earlier,故转换为:She said (that) she had gone there to see the doctor two days before/earlier。
2. He seemed to have been in charge of the firm.
________ ________ ________ he ________ been in charge of the firm.
【答案】It seemed that; had
【详解】考查句型转换。句意:他似乎一直掌管着这家公司。seem to do sth. =It seems/seemed that...似乎……。根据原句时态可知,用一般过去时。从句动作发生在主句动作之前,所以用过去完成时。故答案为It seemed that; had。
3. He asked, “How did you find it, mother? ”
→He asked her mother ________________.
【答案】how she had found it
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:他问她妈妈是怎么找到它的。根据题干要求,将原句的直接引语转变为间接引语。原句中使用一般过去时,故间接引语中表示动作发生在过去的过去,故使用一般过去时。同时转变为间接引语即为how引导的宾语从句,从句应该使用陈述语序。故答案为how she had found it。
4. By the end of last week, she had translated the book into three languages. (用被动语态改写)
【答案】By the end of last week, the book had been translated into three languages (by her).
【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意:到上周末为止,她已经把这本书翻译成三种语言了。改为被动语态的时候,By the end of last week是时间状语,不变;原本的宾语the book作为被动语态句子中的主语,had translated是过去完成时,改为被动语态是过去完成时的被动语态,是had been translated,into three languages不变,原本的主语she在被动语态中写为by her,也可省略,因此句子改为被动语态是“By the end of last week, the book had been translated into three languages (by her)”。故答案为By the end of last week, the book had been translated into three languages (by her).
5. Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写)
【答案】The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday.
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:昨天这个时候,安德鲁正在修理机器。此处改为The machine作主语,用过去进行时的被动语态,表示“被……”应用介词by。故改为The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday.
6. I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. (用现在完成进行时改写)
【答案】I have been trying to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
【详解】考查时态。句意:我今天早上一直在给你打电话。我在这里抓到你之前一定试过十几次了。根据题目要求可知,需要把第一句话变成现在完成进行时态,该时态表示动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,也有可能一直持续下去。结构为“has/have been doing sth.”。主语为I。故答案为I have been trying to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
7. Diane hasn’t got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today. (用现在完成进行时改写)
【答案】Diane hasn’t been sleeping well this week. She looks terrible today.
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意:戴安这周睡得不好。她今天看起来糟透了。第一句为现在完成时,改为现在完成进行时,用has been doing结构,表示“没有睡好”用hasn’t been sleeping well。故填Diane hasn’t been sleeping well this week. She looks terrible today.
8. --We lay on a beach in Brazil last month.
--This time next year, we ________________________ on a beach somewhere in Brazil.
【答案】will be lying
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:---上个月我们躺在巴西的海滩上。---明年的这个时候,我们将躺在巴西某地的海滩上。根据“This time next year”可知,句子陈述将来某个时间正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。故填will be lying。
9. Dad often stands on the platform to pick us up.
→ --Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up?
--Yes, I am sure he ________________________ on the platform when we pull into the station.
【答案】will be standing
【详解】考查时态。句意:爸爸经常站在站台上接我们。---妈妈,爸爸会来接我们吗?---是的,我相信当我们进站时,他会站在月台上。根据句意可知,本句为将来进行时,表示将来某段时间一直在做某事。“站在月台上”为stand on the platform。故填will be standing。
10. I met my fans in my office yesterday.
→ --The president will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow.
--I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have just ended and I ________________________ my fans in my office.
【答案】will be meeting/greeting
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我昨天在办公室见到了我的粉丝。---明天10点校长会来听你的讲座。---对不起,到那时我的讲座已经结束了,我将在我的办公室会见我的粉丝。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据时间状语at 10: 00 tomorrow可知,此处应使用将来进行时,结合原句中的内容可知,“在明天的10点钟”应是“在会见粉丝”,表示“会见”应为meet或者greet,所以此处应为will be meeting/greeting。故填will be meeting/greeting。
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