专题03 选择必修一重点语法【知识串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020)

2024-12-11
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专题03 选择必修一 重点语法 重点语法浏览 重点语法串讲 省略 一. 省略的概述:为了避免重复、突出新的信息或使上下文连接紧密,英语中的许多句子经常省略一个或几个部分,这种语法现象称为省略。 二. 常见的几种省略 类别 具体内容 例句 不定式的省略 在动词不定式中,为避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to,否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us? —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗? --我很乐意,但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟,但他妻子叫他不要。 感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to;但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。 介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。 并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中,如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同,这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球,而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴,但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间,但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party,but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌,但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。 复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略: 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则what从句可以省略谓语,甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车,但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了,但没人知道他去哪儿了。 状语从句中的省略: 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,或状语从句中的主语是it,并且又含有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(=if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting,I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候,我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired,they went on working. 虽然他们累了,但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好 定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时,可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语,所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语,所以此处关系代词可以省略。 ) ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁? (定语从句that he spoke to just now,先行词为the girl,此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语,所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in,先行词为the river,此处关系代词which代替先行词the river,在定语从句中作宾语 ,所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句,由that引导时,连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性: 在并列宾语从句中,第一个that可以省略,第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我,前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同部分,只保留to。 2.虚拟语气中的省略在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”,should常可省略。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 4.介词的省略。   一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: 非谓语动词 成分 用法 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作;不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级,the last,the only等或中心词被这类词修饰,且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时,多用不定式作定语。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用于下列结构:only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时,用过去分词。 不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示一个动作已完成,不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 分词作状语 (1)作时间状语相当于when,while,before,since,as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)作原因状语相当于because,since,as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作,常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开,相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though,although,even if等引导的让步状语从句。 温馨提示  1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 2. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有: 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 3. 独立主格结构 (1)构成:名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits),they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 4. 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式, 以see为例: see+宾语+ 注意: “感官动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况: ①make+宾语+ ②let+宾语+ ③have+宾语+ (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中,常与can’t,won’t等连用,表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get+宾语+ 3. 动词leave,keep,find,catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ 5. “with+宾语+宾补”结构 (1)with+名词/代词+现在分词,现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 With the thick fog disappearing finally, the beautiful scenery unfolded before our eyes.随着浓雾终于消失,美丽的景色展现在我们眼前。 (2)with+名词/代词+过去分词,过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With the gift brightly wrapped, she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party.礼物包装得光彩夺目,她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。 重点语法训练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.When ________(compare) the famous actors’ income with that of those outstanding doctors and researchers, many people believe it is not justified. 2.When ________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 31.If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If ________, let me know what time suits you best. 4. No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless ________(privilege). 5. No matter how clearly ________(clarify), the issues can’t still get through to all of us. 6.When deeply ________(absorb) in his phone, he didn’t notice his mother approaching. 7.I felt concerned when ________(watch) the documentary. 8. The twins cheered up and did as ________(tell). 9. When ________(face) two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen. 10. Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if ________(expose) to very loud music on a daily basis. 11. The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud ________(shoot) from the top of the volcano. 12. With spring ________(approach), nature seems to be awaken from a sound sleep. 13. ________(witness) an increase in foreign legal conflicts recently, China is expected to see the number continue to rise. 14. However, they are quite comfortable ________(communicate) with their friends. 15. Many people came to help, ________(donate) food and clothes to charities. 16. ________(judge) from the data of the State Information Center, Chinese economy is recovering from covid-19 gradually. 17. The lantern Festival is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, ________(indicate) harmony, reunion, and the coming back of the spring. 18. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ________(relieve)feelings of homesickness. 19. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail ________(weave) in the air. 20. The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple ________(tear) apart by their families. 21. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________(return) to our shop for quality problems. 22. With measures ________(take) to promote tourism in China, the 2023 May Day holidays aware cord number of tourists. 23. I fell and broke two teeth the other day and I thought I could benefit from getting them ________(fix). 24. The poor woman had all her money ________(steal). She couldn’t afford to see the doctor. 25. ________(bath) in a silver night, the countryside took on a fascinating atmosphere. 26. ________(base) on sufficient historical and legal grounds, China’s position on the South China Sea has been consistent and clear. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安,不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。 Chickens and even pigs were ________ ________ ________ ________, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 2. 我们应该足够勇敢来接受新的挑战,选择我们自己的道路。 We should be ________ ________ new challenges and choose our own path. 3. 这才只是刚刚开始,今后还有很多事情要做呢。 This is just the beginning, and ________________. 4. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 It immediately ________ ________ her that these were signs of an ________ tsunami. 5. 在观众的注视下,汤姆走上舞台,手心直冒汗。(过去分词作状语) ________________, Tom stepped onto the stage, with his palms sweating.(读后续写—场景描写) 6. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 There are countless articles ________________. 7. 那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖;他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。 At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the ________, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 8. 把所有事情都考虑在内,你最好还是邀请他来参加你的生日聚会。(用with结构) ________________, you’d better invite him to your birthday party. 9. All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of diversity while China and building a shared future for all. 10. 当我一个人在街上走的时候,我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。 ________________, I heard my name called from behind. Ⅲ 句型转换 1. The experts who will be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.(用非谓语形式改写划线部分) 2. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn’t fit.(用不定式改写句子) 3. The girl who is singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister. →________________________(动词-ing形式作定语) 4. A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.(用动词-ing形式改写) 5. She is the first blind student that will study in this university.(用不定式改写句子) 6. On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.(句型转换) →On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________ from the sea. 7 You should stay where you are unless you are asked to leave.(状语从句的省略) → You should stay where you are ________________. 8. If I were given more time, I could have done it better. → more time, I could have done it better. 9. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.(改为省略句) →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as Guangzhou. 10. If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.(改为省略句) → , I hope you will have a wonderful time. ( 9 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 选择必修一 重点语法 重点语法浏览 重点语法串讲 省略 一. 省略的概述:为了避免重复、突出新的信息或使上下文连接紧密,英语中的许多句子经常省略一个或几个部分,这种语法现象称为省略。 二. 常见的几种省略 类别 具体内容 例句 不定式的省略 在动词不定式中,为避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to,否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us? —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗? --我很乐意,但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟,但他妻子叫他不要。 感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to;但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。 介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。 并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中,如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同,这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球,而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴,但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间,但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party,but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌,但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。 复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略: 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则what从句可以省略谓语,甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车,但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了,但没人知道他去哪儿了。 状语从句中的省略: 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,或状语从句中的主语是it,并且又含有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(=if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting,I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候,我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired,they went on working. 虽然他们累了,但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好 定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时,可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语,所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语,所以此处关系代词可以省略。 ) ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now?→ Who was the girl he was spoke to just now? 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁? (定语从句that he spoke to just now,先行词为the girl,此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语,所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in,先行词为the river,此处关系代词which代替先行词the river,在定语从句中作宾语 ,所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。 宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句,由that引导时,连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性: 在并列宾语从句中,第一个that可以省略,第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我,前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。 其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同部分,只保留to。 2.虚拟语气中的省略在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”,should常可省略。 3.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 4.介词的省略。   一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: 非谓语动词 成分 用法 不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作;不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级,the last,the only等或中心词被这类词修饰,且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时,多用不定式作定语。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用于下列结构:only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时,用过去分词。 不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示一个动作已完成,不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 分词作状语 (1)作时间状语相当于when,while,before,since,as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)作原因状语相当于because,since,as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作,常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开,相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though,although,even if等引导的让步状语从句。 温馨提示  1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 2. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有: 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 3. 独立主格结构 (1)构成:名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits),they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 4. 作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式, 以see为例: see+宾语+ 注意: “感官动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。 (2)使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况: ①make+宾语+ ②let+宾语+ ③have+宾语+ (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中,常与can’t,won’t等连用,表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get+宾语+ 3. 动词leave,keep,find,catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ 5. “with+宾语+宾补”结构 (1)with+名词/代词+现在分词,现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 With the thick fog disappearing finally, the beautiful scenery unfolded before our eyes.随着浓雾终于消失,美丽的景色展现在我们眼前。 (2)with+名词/代词+过去分词,过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With the gift brightly wrapped, she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party.礼物包装得光彩夺目,她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。 重点语法训练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.When ________(compare) the famous actors’ income with that of those outstanding doctors and researchers, many people believe it is not justified. 【答案】comparing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当把著名演员的收入与那些杰出的医生和研究人员的收入进行比较时,许多人认为这是不合理的。分析句子可知,此处when引导时间状语从句,主从句主语一致,省略从句的主语和be动词形式,此处compare与主语people是主动关系,用现在分词,故填comparing。 2.When ________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 【答案】asked 【详解】考查省略句。句意:当被问及他对教学工作的看法时,菲利普说他觉得很有趣,也很有收获。在when连接的状语从句中,当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。还原从句为When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job,所以设空词填asked。故填asked。 31.If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If ________, let me know what time suits you best. 【答案】not 【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意:如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门外见面吧。如果不方便,请告诉我您最合适的时间。根据If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.及句意可知,空处表示“不方便”,为条件状语从句If it is not,句式与前一句的条件状语一致,可以省略it is,即,If not。故填not。 4. No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless ________(privilege). 【答案】privileged 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:除非有特权,否则任何人都不允许进入私人俱乐部。unless可引条件导状语从句。当状语从句中的主语和从句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略,剩下由过去分词转化而来的形容词privileged“有特权的”。故填privileged。 5. No matter how clearly ________(clarify), the issues can’t still get through to all of us. 【答案】clarified 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:无论问题被解释得多么清楚,仍然不能使我们所有人都理解。no matter how引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……,不管怎样……”。状语从句的完整结构为“No matter how clearly the issues are clarified, ……”,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且含有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。故填clarified。 6.When deeply ________(absorb) in his phone, he didn’t notice his mother approaching. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当他全神贯注地玩手机时,他没有注意到他的母亲走过来了。“be absorbed in”是一个固定短语,意思是“全神贯注于……,专心致志于……”,用于此句中,表示“他”全神贯注地在看他的手机,在when引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时,可以将从句的主语和be动词省略,所以空白处填过去分词absorbed。故填absorbed。 7.I felt concerned when ________(watch) the documentary. 【答案】watching 【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意:看纪录片的时候我很担心。when引导的时间状语从句意为“当我在看纪录片的时候”,由主句谓语felt可知,从句时态用过去进行时,主语是I,因此when引导的从句是when I was watching the documentary,从句中主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是watching。故填watching。 8. The twins cheered up and did as ________(tell). 【答案】told 【详解】考查省略句。句意:双胞胎高兴起来,照吩咐做了。此处为状语从句的省略,从句主语twins与tell构成被动关系,省略主语和be动词,故填told。 9. When ________(face) two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen. 【答案】facing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当面对两条道路时,人们别无选择,只能做出决定,看看会发生什么。本句使用了状语从句的省略,完整的从句应是“When people are facing two paths”,当从句主语和主句主语相同,且从句中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词可省略。故填facing。 10. Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if ________(expose) to very loud music on a daily basis. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:研究人员声称,如果年轻人每天接触非常吵闹的音乐,可能会面临失聪的风险。此处是if引导的状语从句的省略,当从句主语和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词,主语young people和exposed是被动关系,完整从句为if they are exposed to very loud music on a daily basis,省略they are,故填exposed。 11. The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud ________(shoot) from the top of the volcano. 【答案】shooting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人群抬头望去,看到一片巨大的云从火山顶上喷射而出,他们的恐惧难以言表。see sb./sth. doing固定搭配,意为“看见某人/某物正在做某事”,此处宾语a huge cloud和动词shoot是主动关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故填shooting。 12. With spring ________(approach), nature seems to be awaken from a sound sleep. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着春天的临近,大自然似乎从沉睡中醒来。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法,空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,spring和approach为逻辑主谓关系,需填现在分词形式。故填approaching。 13. ________(witness) an increase in foreign legal conflicts recently, China is expected to see the number continue to rise. 【答案】Witnessing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着最近涉外法律纠纷的增多,预计中国的涉外法律纠纷还会继续增加。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,witness和逻辑主语China为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故填Witnessing。 14. However, they are quite comfortable ________(communicate) with their friends. 【答案】communicating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,他们和他们的朋友交流很舒服。be comfortable doing sth 很舒服地……,动词的ing形式在句子当中做伴随状语。故填communicating。 15. Many people came to help, ________(donate) food and clothes to charities. 【答案】donating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:许多人前来帮忙,向慈善机构捐赠食物和衣服。分析句子可知,“(donate) food and clothes to charities.”作伴随状语,donate是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动和同时发生。故填donating。 16. ________(judge) from the data of the State Information Center, Chinese economy is recovering from covid-19 gradually. 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查现在分词。句意:根据国家信息中心的数据来判断,中国经济正在逐步从疫情中复苏。juding from“根据……来判断”现在分词作状语,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Judging。 17. The lantern Festival is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, ________(indicate) harmony, reunion, and the coming back of the spring. 【答案】indicating 【详解】考查非谓语。句意:元宵节是中国农历的第一个满月之夜,象征着和谐、团圆和春天的到来。分析句子可知,空处为非谓语动词,indicate与逻辑主语The lantern Festival主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填indicating。 18. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ________(relieve)feelings of homesickness. 【答案】relieving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一口舒适的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源,缓解思乡之情。句中takes为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food与relieve之间是主动关系,且表伴随,用现在分词作状语。故填relieving。 19. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail ________(weave) in the air. 【答案】weaving 【详解】考查现在分词。句意:鱼挺直身子,又慢慢地游开了,巨大的尾巴在空中迂回行进。在with独立主格结构中,动词weave意为“迂回行进”,和逻辑主语tail构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故填weaving。 20. The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple ________(tear) apart by their families. 【答案】torn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:音乐让我经历了一个关于一对年轻夫妇被家人拆散的经典故事的曲折。分析句子,took是谓语动词,空处应用非谓语动词形式,修饰a young couple,tear apart表示“把……痛苦地分开”,与逻辑主语a young couple之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填torn。 21. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________(return) to our shop for quality problems. 【答案】returned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:生产商定期来取因质量问题退回到我们店的相机。分析句子结构,可知return在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语cameras构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填returned。 22. With measures ________(take) to promote tourism in China, the 2023 May Day holidays aware cord number of tourists. 【答案】taken 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:随着中国采取措施促进旅游业的发展,2023年的五一假期将吸引大量游客。本句为with的复合结构,measures与take为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填taken。 23. I fell and broke two teeth the other day and I thought I could benefit from getting them ________(fix). 【答案】fixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:前几天我摔断了两颗牙,我想把它们修好会对我有好处。非谓语动词fix与宾语them是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语,表被动。故填fixed。 24. The poor woman had all her money ________(steal). She couldn’t afford to see the doctor. 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个可怜的女人所有的钱都被偷了。她看不起医生。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语补足语使用非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语money之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,使用过去分词,故填stolen。 25. ________(bath) in a silver night, the countryside took on a fascinating atmosphere. 【答案】Bathed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:沐浴在一个银色的夜晚,乡村呈现出一种迷人的气氛。设空处为非谓语动词,和主语之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填Bathed。 26. ________(base) on sufficient historical and legal grounds, China’s position on the South China Sea has been consistent and clear. 【答案】Based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:基于充分的历史和法理依据,中国在南海问题上的立场是一贯和明确的。分析句式结构可知,此处用非谓语动词作状语,又因为base和主语China’s position之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语,且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Based。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1.鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安,不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。 Chickens and even pigs were ________ ________ ________ ________, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 【答案】too nervous to eat 【详解】考查形容词、动词和“too…to”的用法。“焦躁不安”用形容词nervous表达;“进食”用动词eat表达;结合句意可知,“焦躁不安,不愿进食”可用“too…to do(太……以至于不能……)”结构,表达为too nervous to eat。故答案为①too;②nervous;③to;④eat。 2. 我们应该足够勇敢来接受新的挑战,选择我们自己的道路。 We should be ________ ________ new challenges and choose our own path. 【答案】brave enough to take on 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“承担,接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)”应用动词短语take on,动词原形和to构成不定式作结果状语。故空1填take;空2填on。 3. 这才只是刚刚开始,今后还有很多事情要做呢。 This is just the beginning, and ________________. 【答案】there will be lots of things to do 【详解】考查there be句型和不定式。对比中英文可知,设空处为今后还有很多事情要做呢,根据句意和语境可知,应用there be句型的一般将来时,很多事情译为“lots of things”,“要做”修饰things,表将来的动作,应用不定式作定语,译为“to do”。故填there will be lots of things to do。 4. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 It immediately ________ ________ her that these were signs of an ________ tsunami. 【答案】occurred to; approaching 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和非谓语动词。“意识到……”是主句谓语,可用动词短语occur to(sb.)表示,其意为“(某人)突然想到……”,结合句意和从句中系动词were可知,讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时态occurred to;“来临”可用动词approach表示,作定语修饰名词tsunami,用现在分词approaching作定语,表示主动和正在发生的动作。故填occurred;to;approaching。 5. 在观众的注视下,汤姆走上舞台,手心直冒汗。(过去分词作状语) ________________, Tom stepped onto the stage, with his palms sweating.(读后续写—场景描写) 【答案】Watched by the audience 【详解】考查过去分词。根据句意,表示“注视”应为watch,表示“观众”应为the audience,根据提示和句意可知,此处为过去分词作状语,watch与句子主语Tom之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式,表示“关注”的发出者应为“the audience”,其前需使用介词by,所以“在观众的注视下”应为watched by the audience,且位于句首,watched的首字母需大写。故填Watched by the audience。 6. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 There are countless articles ________________. 【答案】telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient 【详解】考查现在分词作后置定语和形容词。表示“讲述”应用动词tell,与articles之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语;表示“互联网”应用the Internet,作宾语从句的主语;表示“使;让”应用动词make,作宾语从句的谓语动词,由句意知此处应用现在完成时;表示“更方便的”应用形容词比较级 more convenient,作宾语补足语,故答案为telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient。 7. 那一刻,他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖;他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。 At that moment, they felt the earth ________ beneath their feet; beyond in the ________, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 【答案】shaking; distance 【详解】考查非谓语动词及名词。根据句意,空1应为动词shake,词义为“颤抖”,且照应固定搭配feel sb/sth doing sth“感觉到……正在做……”,应用shaking;空2应为固定搭配in the distance“在远处”。故填①shaking;②distance。 8. 把所有事情都考虑在内,你最好还是邀请他来参加你的生日聚会。(用with结构) ________________, you’d better invite him to your birthday party. 【答案】With all things considered 【详解】考查with的复合结构。对比中英文可知,空处表示“把所有事情都考虑在内”,可用with的复合结构说明该背景情况,宾语“所有事情”可用名词短语all things,“考虑”可用动词consider,consider和all things逻辑上是被动关系,应用consider的过去分词形式作宾语补足语,因空处位于句首,with的首字母需大写。故填With all things considered。 9. All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of diversity while China and building a shared future for all. 【答案】cultural; strengthening 【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。根据中文提示可知,表示“文化”应用cultural,为形容词,在本句中作定语;表示“增强”应用strengthen,为动词,而这里考查状语从句省略,把从句的主语和be动词省略,完整句型应为while studying abroad is strengthening China and building a shared future for all。故填①cultural;②strengthening。 10. 当我一个人在街上走的时候,我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。 ________________, I heard my name called from behind. 【答案】While walking alone in the street 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据句中的“当……的时候”可知,这里应用while引导时间状语从句。while引导时间状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句中有be动词,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。“一个人”可表示为alone,为副词,修饰动词“走”(walk);“在街上”可表示为in the street。根据句意,这里表示过去正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,该从句应写为While I was walking alone in the street,省略主语和be动词后为While walking alone in the street。故填While walking alone in the street。 Ⅲ 句型转换 1. The experts who will be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad.(用非谓语形式改写划线部分) 【答案】The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad. 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意:应邀参加会议的专家是来自国内外的教授。who will be invited to the meeting是who引导的限制性定语从句,作experts的后置定语,由will be invited可知,是将来被邀请,因此用不定式的被动语态to be invited作experts的后置定语,因此句子改写为The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad,故答案为The experts to be invited to the meeting are professors from both home and abroad. 2. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, but found it didn’t fit.(用不定式改写句子) 【答案】She took the dress off out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她从壁橱里拿出那条裙子试了试,但发现不合身。only+不定式,表示意料之外的结果,所以此处用不定式作结果状语,find和she之间是逻辑主动关系,用不定式的一般式即可。故句子改写为She took the dress off out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.。 3. The girl who is singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister. →________________________(动词-ing形式作定语) 【答案】The girl singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在舞台上唱英文歌的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。is是谓语,定语从句who is singing an English song on the stage可以转换为非谓语动词作定语,动词sing和主语The girl为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词短语singing an English song on the stage作后置定语。故答案为:The girl singing an English song on the stage is Tom’s sister. 4. A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.(用动词-ing形式改写) 【答案】A man living in the village rarely sees subways. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:住在村子里的人很少看到地铁。分析原句可知,本句是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a man,可以转换为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a man,a man和live为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式,即将who lives改为living。故填A man living in the village rarely sees subways. 5. She is the first blind student that will study in this university.(用不定式改写句子) 【答案】She is the first blind student to study in this university. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她是将在这所大学学习的第一个盲人学生。根据句意以及句子结构可知,“第一个……人”可以使用不定式结构充当后置定语the first person to do,“第一个盲人学生”可以是the first blind student to study in this university,故答案是She is the first blind student to study in this university。 6. On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.(句型转换) →On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly ________________ from the sea. 【答案】observed the sun rising 【详解】考查现在分词。句意:在泰山顶上,人们兴奋地看着太阳从海面升起。根据“observed that the sun was rising from the sea”可知,此处应用一般过去时。that从句的部分可以用observe...doing意为“看到……正在做某事”改写,此处用现在分词表示正在进行的动作,作宾语补足语。动词rise意为“升起”。故填observed the sun rising。 7 You should stay where you are unless you are asked to leave.(状语从句的省略) → You should stay where you are ________________. 【答案】unless asked to leave 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:除非被要求离开,否则你应该呆在原地。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it,且从句含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。unless引导的条件状语从句,省略you are,保留过去分词。故填unless asked to leave。 8. If I were given more time, I could have done it better. = more time, I could have done it better. 【答案】If given 【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。句意:如果被给予更多时间,我能把它做得更好。if引导的条件状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同,且含有be动词,可以把从句主语连同be动词一起省略,故填If given。 9. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.(改为省略句) →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as Guangzhou. 【答案】in 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:杭州的冬天不像广州那样温和。状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,且从句有be动词,从句中主语和be动词可以省略,本句中as they are in Guangzhou可省略为as in Guangzhou。故填in。 10. If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.(改为省略句) → , I hope you will have a wonderful time. 【答案】If so 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:如果是这样的话,我希望你会玩得很开心。状语从句中可以省略主语it和be。If so“假如是这样的话”是固定搭配,故填If so。 ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题03 选择必修一重点语法【知识串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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专题03 选择必修一重点语法【知识串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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专题03 选择必修一重点语法【知识串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020)
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