第03讲 动词-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第三讲、动词 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 考点一 动词的分类 4 考点二 实义动词 5 考点三 系动词 7 考点四 助动词 9 考点五 高频动词辨异 10 考点六 高频动词短语辨异 11 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 10 能力提升 11 在英语中动词为最大的考向年年必考的考点：分为语法方面考向和动词词义方面考向。 语法方面考向：（1）动词分类及用法。 （2）动词的时态 （3）动词的语态 （4）非谓语动词 动词词义方面考向： （1）动词辨异。（单项选择和完形填空中） （2）动词短语辨异。（单项选择和完形填空中） 本章节用四讲的内容（第3-7讲）来进行动词方面的讲解和训练。 第三讲讲解动词分类，重点讲解动词和动词短语辨异。这是中考动词考向中最大考点，考题出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是重点也是难点，我们将对易混淆常考动词进行辨析。 第四讲着重情态动词。 第五讲着重讲解动词时态和语态。 第七讲着重讲解非谓语动词。 一、动词分类 二、常考动词及动词短语辨异 考向二、实义动词 实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词 用法 示例 及物动词 （1）带一个宾语 If you have any questions, you can raise your hands. 你们如果有问题，可以举手。 （2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物 My parents gave me a nice gift on my birthday. 我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。 （= My parents gave a nice gift to me on my birthday.） I will buy you a new dictionary. 我会给你买一本新词典。 （= I will buy a new dictionary for you.） （3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） Please keep the door open. 请开着门。 Our teachers tell us to study hard. 老师告诉我们要努力学习。 不及物动词 （1）不带宾语 They are running on the playground. 他们正在运动场上跑步。 （2）后加介词+宾语 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me. 请看黑板，听我说。 特别提示 动词辨异！ 在实义动词中，中考考题主要考查动词用法的辨异，经常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是中考一大重要考点。 考向三、连系动词 常用连系动词 词义 例句 be 是 I’m a girl with short hair. become 成为，变得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese. turn 变得 Mr. White’s face turned red. get 变得 The weather is getting bad. smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice. sound 听起来 The plan sounds good. taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious. stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm. grow 成长，变得 Her hair is growing white. keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the time. feel 感到，摸起来 The coat feels very soft look 看起来 My mother looks very young. 注意 1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语 2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do, does, did等 考向4 助动词 助动词 用 法 例 句 be be(am, is, are; was, were)+动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时和过去进行时 I am washing my clothes. 我在洗衣服。 What is Tom doing? 汤姆在做什么？ We were watching TV when the alarm went off. 我们正在看电视，突然警报响了。 be(am, is, are; was, were; will be; have/has been)+动词的过去分词，用于被动语态 Is Japanese taught in your school? 你们学校教日语吗？ The building was destroyed in the earthquake. 大楼在地震中被毁。 Where will a new library be built in our city next year? 明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？ The task hasn’t been finished yet. 任务还没有完成。 do do(does, did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时 We don’t go to school on weekends. 我们周末不上学。 What time does Jack get up? 杰克什么时候起床？ Did Mary call you this morning? 玛丽早上给你打电话了吗？ have have(has, had)+动词的过去分词，用于现在完成时和过去完成时 I haven’t been there before. 我以前没去过那儿。 Lucy has passed her driving test. 露西已通过了驾驶执照考试。 will/shall will/shall(would/should)+动词原形，用于一般将来时和过去将来时 I will visit the UK next week. 下周我要去英国。 When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再见面？ He said he would come to see me if he was free. 他说如果他有空就来看我。 四、情态动词（下一章节讲解） 考向五 高频动词辨异 高频易混易错动词梳理/归纳（近义词） 1.invent create 和discover invent 作为动词，意为“发明；创造”，常指发明以往没有的东西。 create 作为动词，意为“创造；创作”，其后常接painting, song等文艺作品。 discover “发现或找到”某种自然界本来就存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，也可指出乎意料地发现某物。 2. borrow, lend和keep （1）borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。例如： 　　　　May I borrow some money from you? You can borrow books from the library. （2）lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用。例如： 　　　　Could you lend me some money? The library lends books to the students. （3）keep表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如： 　　　　How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks. 3. wear, dress, put on wear 意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜等。 dress意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。常见搭配:dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(强调动作);dress oneself“给自己穿衣服”。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。 put on 意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。宾语为代词时,必须放在put与on之间,且代词用宾格形式。宾语为名词时,放在on的前后均可。反义词组是take off。 4. spend，take, cost和pay spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱” take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。 5. 几个“到达”：reach, arrive in / at, get to 　（1）reach是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如： 　　　　We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday. 　（2）arrive是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in，较小的地方或单位前用at）。 例如： We have already arrived in Shanghai. They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday. 　（3）get to 表示到达，多用于口语中。例如： 　　　　I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00. 注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。 例如：When did you get home? When will you arrive there? 6. achieve与come true achieve 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是人 come true 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是梦想等 7. attend, join与take part in attend 常用于参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，去上课、上学、听报告、出席音乐会、看演出、听演讲. join 指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，并成为其中的一员，如“参军、入团、入党”等 take part in 指参加群众性活动等，并在其中发挥积极作用 8.receive和accept receive 接待；收到 指客观的收到 accept 接受 指主观的接受 9. provide和offer provide为及物动词，意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如： offer是动词，意为“拿出，提供；（主动）提出要做某事”。常用于“offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物”和“offer to do sth.主动去做某事”这两种结构 10. leave和forget leave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如： 11. win和beat win指在游戏、比赛、竞赛、选举中获胜，后常跟game， race， prize等表示“物”的词。 beat指在运动、比赛等中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，后常跟somebody， class等表示“人”的词。 12. Believe和believe in Believe 指相信某人说的话是真的或相信某事会发生(或已经发生)。 believe in 指信任某人或信仰某事物,表示“相信……的存在”或“相信……的价值”,接人作宾语指相信 某人的人格,强调品质。 13.separate和divide separate：把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，separate… from… 把…与...分开 divide：划分，把整体分成若干部分，divide…into…把…分成… 14. 几个“带、拿”：bring, take, get, carry （1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如： 　　　　You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow. May I bring Tom along?　　　Bring the book to me, please. （2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处。例如： 　　　　Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now. （3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如： 　　　　Will you get that book for me? 　（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如 　　　　The buses and taxis are carry people here and there. The box is so heavy that the little boy can’t carry it. 15. advise和suggest的辨析 advise v.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构 suggest v.建议， suggest sb. doing sth 16. 几个“说”：say, speak, talk, tell 　（1）say接说话的内容，作及物动词。say sth to sb. 对某人说某事。例如： 　　　 Did you say goodbye to your granny? 　（2）speak常指能说某种语言，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。例如： 　　　 We can speak Chinese and English. 　　　 May I speak to Henry? 　　　 He will speak at the meeting tonight. 　（3）talk多是不及物动词，指交谈、谈论；做名词时有演讲、报告之意。例如： 　　　 They are talking about their friends now. I will talk to your father about your health next time. Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting. 　（4）tell的意思是“告诉某人……；讲述……；吩咐某人做……”。多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如： 　　　 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. Granny often tells me funny stories. The policeman told us not to play football in the street again. 16. 几个“看”：look, see, watch, read, find 　（1）look 看，表动作，look at。例如：Please don’t look out of the window. 　（2）see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film”。例如： 　　　　His father saw him sitting on some eggs. 　（3）watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。 　（4）read读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now. 常考的高频动词（近形词） 1.accept接受 attend 参加 achieve 获得， 实现 afford 付得起，买得起 appear出现，似乎是 avoid避免 awake (使)醒来;唤醒; 2. cancel 取消 celebrate庆祝， challenge挑战 change 改变 check 检查 cheer欢呼;加油;喝彩 collect 收集 communicate沟通，交流 compare比较 complete 完成 connect 与….相连，连接 consider考虑;认为 control 控制，操作 create创建 4. deal处理 depend 依靠 describe 描述 destroy摧毁 develop提高，发展，开发 discover 发现 divide分开，分割 double加倍 drop 掉落，落下 5. encourage鼓励 expect 期望，期待 explain 解释 express表达 escape逃离 6. imagine想象 improve改善，提高 include包括 increase 增强，提高 introduce介绍 invent发明 invite邀请 7. manage经营， 管理，掌管 marry结婚，娶，嫁 match 与….相配 mention提及 mind介意， mix混合 8.offer 提供 operate操作 order订购，命令 点(酒菜等) organize组织 own拥有 9. paint把…描绘成，油漆成 perform执行;履行;表演 praise 表扬 prefer比较喜欢 prepare准备 print印刷 promise承诺 protect 保护 prove 证明是 provide提供 publish出版 punish处罚，惩罚 10.raise增加，提高;抚养;举起;筹款; realize意识到 receive 收到 recognize认识;承认 reduce减少 refuse拒接 remind提醒;使想起; repeat 重复 require要求 review 复习 satisfy使。。。满意 11.scare使害怕;恐惧;使恐惧 search 搜查 ，搜寻 separate 分离 serve 服务，供应shock 使。。。震惊 12.solve解决 stick粘贴，卡住，陷住 succeed 成功做 suffer受苦，受难 support 支持 suppose推断，料想;假设 surprise使。。。吃惊 survive存活;幸存;幸免 sweep打扫 考向六、高频动词短语辨异 易混动词短语辨析： 1. 与look有关的常用短语： look out 当心，小心。 look through 浏览 look over 仔细检查 look after 照顾 look forward to 期望，期待 look like 看起来像 look down on/upon 轻视 look for 寻找 look out of 向外看 look up 查，查找 2. 与try有关的常用短语： try on 试穿 try out 试用，试验 try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】 try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 3. 与put有关的常用短语： put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起； put off 推迟 put away 收起来 put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下 put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭 4. call词组 call back 回电话    call off 取消，下令停止     call on / upon 号召        call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人） call out 大声呼喊，叫喊，唤起     call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召，召集 5. 表达“相似”常用短语： （1）be similar to…意为“与……相似，接近”，一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如： （2）look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象； 　（3）take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。 6. 与turn有关的常用短语： turn off 意为“关掉; 关闭(设备)”, 主要指关灯、电视、电脑、自来水、煤气等。 turn on(打开), turn up(把……调高), turn down(把……调低) turn to 转身面对 turn into 变成 turn in 上交，自首 turn out 结果是 turn right(left)向右（左）拐 7. 与take有关的常用短语： take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出 take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意 take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张 take down 取下、拿下；写下、记录； take in 吸入 领悟，理解 take up 占据（一定的时间、空间、精力......）；开始从事...... take off 脱下，起飞 take pride in 以….为骄傲 take place 发生 take an exam 参加考试 take back 收回，带回 take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) take some medicine 服药 take one’s place“就座，就位” take the place of“代替，取代” 8. 与make有关的常用短语： be made into “把……做成某产品”，是把材料做成产品。 be made of “由……制成”（可看出原材料） be made from“由……制成”，（看不出原材料）。 be made in “……生产于某地”。 be made up of “由……组/构成”。 make up 组成，虚构，编造 make the bed铺床 make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生 make noise制造噪音 make sure务必 make trouble惹麻烦 make money赚钱 make tea沏茶 make a decision做决定 make difference to， 表示对某人或某事物有影响。 9. 与fall有关的常用短语： fall down、fall off、fall into、fall behind fall down强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接从哪里摔下时应加上介词from。 fall off强调的是“跌落、从……掉下来”，后直接接宾语。 fall into表示“掉入......” fall behind表示“落后”，常指在成绩、速度方面比不上别人 10. 与stop有关的常用短语： 1)stop to do sth.表示停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事情。 2)stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情 3)stop...(from) doing sth.意为“阻止......做某事” 11. 与keep有关的常用短语： keep doing sth 一直做某事 keep sb/sth doing sth 使某人/某事一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep up with 跟上 keep in mind 记住 keep in touch with 保持联络 keep on 继续 keep diary 写日记 12. 与point有关的常用短语： point out＂指出＂，out是副词 给某人指出方向、要点或错误等 point at ＂指着＂，at是介词，侧重于指的对象 指向离说话人较近的人或事物 point to ＂指向＂，to是介词，侧重于指的方向 指向离说话人较远的人或事物 13. 与give有关的常用短语： give up意为“放弃” give off发出，放出 give in屈服，让步 give out 分发 give away捐赠，赠送 give back 归还，送回 14. 与show有关的常用短语： （1）show sb. around 带某人参观 （2）show off 炫耀 （3）show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 （4）on show 陈列，展出 （5）show up 出现 15. 与put有关的常用短语： put off意为“推迟"，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式. put away意为“收拾起来". put up意为“张贴、举起、建立"， put on意为“穿上” put out意为“扑灭； 熄灭". put through意为“给……接通电话” put into 使进入，输入 put one's heart into 全神贯注于put…down… 把……放下 put…into… 把……译成 16. 与cut有关的常用短语： cut off 切断，剪断 cut down 砍倒，减少 cut in 插嘴 cut out 切去，切除 17. 与set有关的常用短语： set out for + 地点 出发前往某地 set out to do sth. = set about (doing) sth 开始 / 着手做某事 set out on a new journey 动身踏上新旅程 set off 动身；出发；点燃 (set off fireworks 放烟火set off the alarm 使警报响起) set up 开办；建立 set down 写下；制定 set an example (to…) 给…树立榜样 set sb. free 释放某人 18. 与get有关的常用短语： get up 起床 get in the way of 妨碍。。。。。 挡道。。。。。 get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) get to 到达 get on/off 上/下车 19. 与have有关的常用短语： have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会 have a football match 举行一场足球赛 have a try 试一试 have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告 have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水(茶) have breakfast/lunch/supper /dinner吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have (have got) a headache 头痛 have a fever 发烧 have a look (at) 看一看…… have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息) have sports 进行体育锻炼 have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会 have something done 让人(请人)做…… have a test/an exam 测验/考试 have an idea 有了个主意 have no idea 不知道 had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做（不做）…… 20. 与go有关的常用短语： go to the cinema 看电影 go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) go to school (college) 上学(上大学) go to (the) hospital 去医院看病 go over 过一遍，复习/ go over to 朝……走去 go fishing/swimming/shopping 去钓鱼/游泳/买东西 go up 上去 go out for a walk 外出散步 go on (doing) 继续(做……) go off 响铃 be gone 消失; 亡；不见了 go ahead继续；干吧，说吧（鼓励对方） go by (时间)流逝；经过(地点) go in for 从事于 21. come词组 come across 偶然相遇，想起；越过；偿付 come along 一道来，随同，进展，出现       come back 回来，想起来，复原                come down 下来，下落，倒下，降落；跌落；病倒                come from… 来自，出生于，起源于           come into being 形成，产生，出现            come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开，出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露 come to an end 结束，终止       come to know 逐渐地知道 come true 变为现实，成为事实，证实    come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 22.pass词组 pass away 去世，（时间）过去     pass by 通过，从旁边经过，（时间）过去     pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去   23.think词组 think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）      think of 想到，想起，认为，对……有看法/想法    think of ...as...把...看作    think over 仔细考虑      24.break词组 break away 摆脱，脱离     break down 出故障，中止，分解、抛锚、破坏，粉碎；瓦解；衰弱，损坏；(健康等)垮掉，累垮；崩溃 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入，使顺服    break into … 闯入……，破门而入，突然开始，把(sth.)分成 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发，准备使用；起锚     25 check词组 check in 报到，登记，投宿旅馆            check on 检查，调查                     check out 查明，结帐，付款而离开旅馆 check up 核对，检查，检验       26. 几个与“看”有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to, 　（1）look for　寻找，表过程；find发现，找到，表结果；find out 找出，查明。例如： 　　　 I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn’t find it anywhere. 　（2）look after, take care of 均表示“照看，照顾”。 　（3）look over 检查身体等。 　（4）look forward to盼望……，期待……。例如： 　　　　I am looking forward to your letter. She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian. 【基础训练】 （24·北京）1.Harley, 1 the excitement of the day, ran through the course like a madman and easily won.（北京完形填空） A. sensing B. breaking C. hiding D. spreading （24·河南）After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 2 white noise with his headphones. （河南完形填空） A. talk about B. listen to C. turn down D. wait for （24·苏州）3. I watched Mum every day doing her breathing exercises and 11 her postures (动作).(苏州完形填空） A. testing B. raising C. practising D. protecting （24·安徽）4. There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the end. A. break up B. give up C. set out D. turn out （24·湖北武汉）5. —Can you ________ your new coach? —Hmm…I think he’s very intelligent and humorous. A. believe B. describe C. support D. follow （24·湖北武汉）6. —What a team! They’re always pulling together. —Exactly. No force can ________ them. A. separate B. push C. guard D. shape （24·湖北武汉）7. —Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach. —With pleasure. A. take down B. throw away C. look through D. hand out （24·山东滨州）8. —Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes? —Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need. A. give them away B. wash them away C. throw them away D. keep them away （24·天津）9. We _________ the books to the library after we read them. A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught （24·天津）10. Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends. A. take pride in B. keep clear of C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with （24·安徽）11. With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ________ tourists. A. guard B. offer C. push D. cost 12.— It’s reported that self-driving cars are expected to change the way we move around. — That sounds _________. A. bad B. badly C. great D. greatly 13. The children all looked _________at the broken model plane and felt quite _________. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 14. (2023·湖北荆州) —Hangzhou will hold the 19th Asian Games from September 23 to October 8, 2023. —Right. Players will _______ in forty sports, such as swimming, table tennis and volleyball. A. compete B. believe C. imagine D. advise 15. (2023·湖北黄石) In April, the weather in some places in Hubei is really changeable. People may ________ four seasons in one week. A. organize B. describe C. check D. experience 16. (2023·江苏扬州) We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work. A. express B. excuse C. expect D. explain 17. (2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s go and get something to eat. What do you ________? —How about fish and chips? A. suggest B. imagine C. suppose D. insist 18. Nobody believes Jack because he always ________ others. A. cheat B. consider C. help D. dislike 19. —The________ you wrote about the film is wonderful. ——Thanks. A. renew B. review C. recycle D. reuse 20.—No way, I won’t sleep in this sleeping bag. —So what do you ________, Mark? It’s a camp, not a hotel. A. expect B. wish C. suggest D. imagine 21. —Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please! —Wow! It _________ delicious. A. tastes B. sounds C. turns D. gets 22. —How much is the computer? Is it expensive? —No, it’s not too expensive. It only _______ me 300 dollars. A. cost B. lost C. spent D. took 23.The BBC documentary Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet _________ Du to William Shakespeare, one of the greatest writers of the West. A. considers B. connects C. compares D. complains 24. —I hear you’re organizing a trip to the game next week. _________ me in! —No problem. Just keep in touch on WeChat. A. Matter B. Leave C. Count D. Mind 25.—How long does it take to get to Taizhou from Nanjing by train? —Maybe one hour. But why not ________ it on Baidu? A. fix B. design C. look D. check 26.—No way, I won’t sleep in this sleeping bag. —So what do you ________, Mark? It’s a camp, not a hotel. A. expect B. wish C. suggest D. imagine 27. You don’t need to ________ yourself with others. Believe in yourself. A. correct B. connect C. compare D. communicate 28. Schools should ________ students to form good working habits through labor(劳动) education. A. force B. encourage C. warn D. promise 29. The huge fire ______ the whole factory and killed 121 workers. A. kept B. protected C. destroyed D. damaged 30. —Why do you like this hotel? —Because it can _______ customers with best service. A. provides B. serve C. state D. offer 31. When Simon ________ that there was a new student in the classroom, he said hello to her. A. noticed B. promised C. planned D. decided 32. He has _____ from a poor young man to a successful business man. A. raised B. spread C. traded D. risen 33. The news of victory ________ quickly and everyone in the town was very excited. A. recorded B. discussed C. spread D. polluted 34. If you always___________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. I agree. We should believe in ourselves. A. compare B. complain C. connect D. consider 35. The female scientist Yan Ning ________ to leave the US and return to China in November 2022. The news caught many people’s attention. A. preferred B. warned C. proved D. announced 36.—The report says one of the organizers is still __________ by the police. —If I find the organizer, I will report it to the police at once. A. caught B. wanted C. missed D. questioned 37.—Do you think Karen will be a great doctor? —In fact, being a doctor ________ carefulness, but she is careless sometimes. A. repeats B. receives C. reduces D. requires 38.—What do you think of the movie Avatar: The Way Of Water? —Great. It _________ about 3 hours, but no one left early. A. covered B. remained C. lasted D. showed 39.—You may borrow some money from your friend Tom. —Forget it. Tom and I just met a couple of times, but we don’t really _________. A. care B. spare C. cover D. connect 40. —Do you think John can win a prize in the Wuhan Marathon? —Impossible now. He was ________ to do so, but he has just hurt his leg. A. advised B. required C. supposed D. requested 【能力提升】 （24·北京中考） （完形填空8道题，有4道题是考查动词在语境的运用和辨异） Every summer, Serena spent two weeks at Green Farm’s horseback riding camp. Last year, Serena and her favorite horse Piper finished second in the obstacle course (障碍赛赛道) race. “I can’t wait to ride Piper,” Serena told Rose, her coach. Rose smiled and said, “Sorry, but we need to save Piper for our newer 13 this year. She’s one of the best-behaved horses. How about you try riding Harley?” Serena felt 14 and was a little scared (害怕的) at the sight of Harley, the tallest horse, but she stayed hopeful. As she was trying to ride Harley, he went up on his back legs, throwing Serena off. She landed on the hard ground, her eyes filled with tears. “I’m scared of Harley, and he’s too hard to 15 ,” Serena told Rose. “Harley is in a new place with a new person on his back,” Rose explained. “I’m sure he’s pretty scared, too. But if you trust him, he will trust you.” Serena decided that it was time for a fresh 16 . “I know you’re afraid of me. We’re still strangers, and it’s up to me to make sure that we become friends,” she talked to Harley 17 . After a while, Harley calmed (平静) down, and Serena realized that she was also feeling calmer. She then led Harley for a walk around the ring so that he could get used to being with her and following her directions. Soon, Serena and Harley made progress together as their confidence in each other 18 . By the end of the first week, they had completed the obstacle course together. On the final day of the camp was the bag race. Serena confidently climbed onto Harley. Harley, 19 the excitement of the day, ran through the course like a madman and easily won. The other horses were just no match for Harley. Rose handed Serena the winner’s trophy with a wink (眨眼). Serena suddenly realized that Rose had wanted her to 20 herself to be a better rider, even though she would have had a nice time with Piper. Serena gave Rose a hug and then took the trophy, and a carrot, over to Harley. 13. A. leaders B. riders C. climbers D. drivers 14. A. stupid B. disappointed C. comfortable D. lucky 15. A. refuse B. raise C. cheat D. control 16. A. answer B. memory C. start D. topic 17. A. angrily B. softly C. curiously D. sadly 18. A. fell B. returned C. grew D. remained 19. A. sensing B. breaking C. hiding D. spreading 20. A. advise B. accept C. choose D. challenge （24·深圳）（5道题涉及动词或词组用法辨异） William grew up in a poor family in Africa. His family lived in a village with no 1 . At night, they used oil lamps for light. However, oil was too expensive for his parents to afford. William wanted to 2 life there but he had no idea how to realize it. One day, he read a book on how to turn wind into electricity with a windmill. “That is 3 !” Though he didn’t know what a windmill was, he decided to give it a try. First he had to 4 all the materials. He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby and 5 his goal until he got what he wanted. Then he started to make the windmill. The moment his farm work finished in the fields, he threw himself on studying the materials, staying 6 till midnight. Finally, he made it after many 7 . He fixed the windmill on the top of a wood tower to catch wind. The villagers came to look. A long wire was used to connect to a bulb to the windmill. The wind blew and the windmill 8 . To their amazement, the bulb lit up. The villagers cheered. William threw his hands in the air and jumped 9 . To produce more energy, he built another windmill for his village. Bored into poverty, William didn’t give up in the face of difficulties. He kept reading, taught himself and lit up the whole 10 . 1. A. gas B. water C. Internet D. electricity 2. A. protect B. improve C. create D. understand 3. A. amazing B. surprised C. worried D. important 4. A. buy B. invent C. collect D. borrow 5. A. stuck to B. went over C. looked into D. learn about 6. A. calm B. awake C. relaxed D. free 7. A. tells B. excuses C. failures D. meeting 8. A. fell B. flew C. opened D. turned 9. A. excitedly B. hurriedly C. carefully D. worriedly 10. A. team B. club C. school D. village （24·河南）（15道题7道题考查动词在语境中辨异） Last night, Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days. So he was in a 21 mood (心情) when he woke up. Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n) 22 of white noise. Frank had tried it and it really worked! After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 23 white noise with his headphones. With the 24 of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones. He 25 he had left them on his desk, but they were gone. His little brother Andy was always 26 his things—without asking. He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in 27 . “Where are my headphones? You can’t just take my things! Or I’ll take yours!” He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and 28 it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces. Andy started to 29 , and Frank stormed out, feeling better. Frank’s mom heard the shouting and went into Andy’s room. “Hey,” she said 30 , “stop for a second and tell me how you’re feeling.” Mom never shouted. Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about 31 instead of getting angry. “He always does this, Mom!” Frank shouted. “I’ll have a math test…and…and I had a bad dream …” Frank 32 shouting. In a calm (平静的) voice, he said, “I 33 what I did was bad. I’m sorry, Andy. I really get mad 34 you take things without asking, but breaking your toy wasn’t 35 . I will buy you a new one.” Frank’s mom said, “Well done, Frank, and, Andy, ask first next time, OK?” “OK, I’m sorry too,” said Andy and they all smiled. 21．A．bad B．cheerful C．playful D．strange 22．A．list B．gift C．example D．introduction 23．A．talk about B．listen to C．turn down D．wait for 24．A．results B．thoughts C．prizes D．purposes 25．A．expected B．decided C．discovered D．remembered 26．A．repairing B．cleaning C．breaking D．borrowing 27．A．anger B．fear C．shame D．surprise 28．A．tied B．burnt C．threw D．placed 29．A．cry B．rest C．help D．share 30．A．sadly B．shyly C．softly D．bravely 31．A．dreams B．habits C．choices D．feelings 32．A．kept B．stopped C．enjoyed D．practiced 33．A．wish B．know C．hear D．promise 34．A．unless B．before C．when D．though 35．A．right B．easy C．enough D．crazy （24·江苏苏州） The first person in our family to do yoga (瑜伽) was my mum. Her best friend, Sissy, who lived next door to us, 1 yoga to her. She said if Mum was tired of the rush of modern life and wanted to feel less 2 , then yoga could help. Sissy was a very peaceful person so Mum 3 accepted. I watched Mum every day doing her breathing exercises and 4 her postures (动作). After a few months, she said she felt much 5 . Dad was getting envious. He wasn’t going to be left out so he 6 yoga too. He goes to a class twice a week now. Then Mum had the bright 7 that my sister and I should do yoga. She researched the kind of yoga that is 8 for children and learned as much as she could about it. Then she became our 9 . To my surprise, it turned out really well. At first, we mostly did breathing exercises but then we moved on to stretching (伸展) exercises. We had to lift our ribcage (胸廓), reach our arms to the side and circle our body with them. Mum told us to 10 we were enjoying ourselves in the sunshine. It was really fun! Our whole family does yoga now. Even our dog, Bingo, likes to join in! 1. A. took B. recommended C. donated D. sent 2. A. surprised B. excited C. stressed D. amazed 3. A. easily B. hardly C. luckily D. strictly 4. A. testing B. raising C. practising D. protecting 5. A. healthier B. luckier C. heavier D. cleverer 6. A. set up B. made up C. put up D. took up 7. A. future B. idea C. smile D. start 8. A. noisy B. difficult C. secret D. helpful 9. A. friend B. student C. teacher D. partner 10. A. imagine B. show C. learn D. prove 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第三讲、动词 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 考点一 动词的分类 4 考点二 实义动词 5 考点三 系动词 7 考点四 助动词 9 考点五 高频动词辨异 10 考点六 高频动词短语辨异 11 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 10 能力提升 11 在英语中动词为最大的考向年年必考的考点：分为语法方面考向和动词词义方面考向。 语法方面考向：（1）动词分类及用法。 （2）动词的时态 （3）动词的语态 （4）非谓语动词 动词词义方面考向： （1）动词辨异。（单项选择和完形填空中） （2）动词短语辨异。（单项选择和完形填空中） 本章节用四讲的内容（第3-7讲）来进行动词方面的讲解和训练。 第三讲讲解动词分类，重点讲解动词和动词短语辨异。这是中考动词考向中最大考点，考题出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是重点也是难点，我们将对易混淆常考动词进行辨析。 第四讲着重情态动词。 第五讲着重讲解动词时态和语态。 第七讲着重讲解非谓语动词。 一、动词分类 二、常考动词及动词短语辨异 考向二、实义动词 实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词 用法 示例 及物动词 （1）带一个宾语 If you have any questions, you can raise your hands. 你们如果有问题，可以举手。 （2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物 My parents gave me a nice gift on my birthday. 我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。 （= My parents gave a nice gift to me on my birthday.） I will buy you a new dictionary. 我会给你买一本新词典。 （= I will buy a new dictionary for you.） （3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） Please keep the door open. 请开着门。 Our teachers tell us to study hard. 老师告诉我们要努力学习。 不及物动词 （1）不带宾语 They are running on the playground. 他们正在运动场上跑步。 （2）后加介词+宾语 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me. 请看黑板，听我说。 特别提示 动词辨异！ 在实义动词中，中考考题主要考查动词用法的辨异，经常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是中考一大重要考点。 考向三、连系动词 常用连系动词 词义 例句 be 是 I’m a girl with short hair. become 成为，变得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese. turn 变得 Mr. White’s face turned red. get 变得 The weather is getting bad. smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice. sound 听起来 The plan sounds good. taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious. stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm. grow 成长，变得 Her hair is growing white. keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the time. feel 感到，摸起来 The coat feels very soft look 看起来 My mother looks very young. 注意 1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语 2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do, does, did等 考向4 助动词 助动词 用 法 例 句 be be(am, is, are; was, were)+动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时和过去进行时 I am washing my clothes. 我在洗衣服。 What is Tom doing? 汤姆在做什么？ We were watching TV when the alarm went off. 我们正在看电视，突然警报响了。 be(am, is, are; was, were; will be; have/has been)+动词的过去分词，用于被动语态 Is Japanese taught in your school? 你们学校教日语吗？ The building was destroyed in the earthquake. 大楼在地震中被毁。 Where will a new library be built in our city next year? 明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？ The task hasn’t been finished yet. 任务还没有完成。 do do(does, did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时 We don’t go to school on weekends. 我们周末不上学。 What time does Jack get up? 杰克什么时候起床？ Did Mary call you this morning? 玛丽早上给你打电话了吗？ have have(has, had)+动词的过去分词，用于现在完成时和过去完成时 I haven’t been there before. 我以前没去过那儿。 Lucy has passed her driving test. 露西已通过了驾驶执照考试。 will/shall will/shall(would/should)+动词原形，用于一般将来时和过去将来时 I will visit the UK next week. 下周我要去英国。 When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再见面？ He said he would come to see me if he was free. 他说如果他有空就来看我。 四、情态动词（下一章节讲解） 考向五 高频动词辨异 高频易混易错动词梳理/归纳（近义词） 1.invent create 和discover invent 作为动词，意为“发明；创造”，常指发明以往没有的东西。 create 作为动词，意为“创造；创作”，其后常接painting, song等文艺作品。 discover “发现或找到”某种自然界本来就存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，也可指出乎意料地发现某物。 2. borrow, lend和keep （1）borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。例如： 　　　　May I borrow some money from you? You can borrow books from the library. （2）lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用。例如： 　　　　Could you lend me some money? The library lends books to the students. （3）keep表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如： 　　　　How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks. 3. wear, dress, put on wear 意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜等。 dress意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。常见搭配:dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(强调动作);dress oneself“给自己穿衣服”。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。 put on 意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。宾语为代词时,必须放在put与on之间,且代词用宾格形式。宾语为名词时,放在on的前后均可。反义词组是take off。 4. spend，take, cost和pay spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱” take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。 5. 几个“到达”：reach, arrive in / at, get to 　（1）reach是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。例如： 　　　　We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday. 　（2）arrive是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in，较小的地方或单位前用at）。 例如： We have already arrived in Shanghai. They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday. 　（3）get to 表示到达，多用于口语中。例如： 　　　　I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00. 注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。 例如：When did you get home? When will you arrive there? 6. achieve与come true achieve 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是人 come true 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是梦想等 7. attend, join与take part in attend 常用于参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，去上课、上学、听报告、出席音乐会、看演出、听演讲. join 指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，并成为其中的一员，如“参军、入团、入党”等 take part in 指参加群众性活动等，并在其中发挥积极作用 8.receive和accept receive 接待；收到 指客观的收到 accept 接受 指主观的接受 9. provide和offer provide为及物动词，意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如： offer是动词，意为“拿出，提供；（主动）提出要做某事”。常用于“offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物”和“offer to do sth.主动去做某事”这两种结构 10. leave和forget leave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如： 11. win和beat win指在游戏、比赛、竞赛、选举中获胜，后常跟game， race， prize等表示“物”的词。 beat指在运动、比赛等中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，后常跟somebody， class等表示“人”的词。 12. Believe和believe in Believe 指相信某人说的话是真的或相信某事会发生(或已经发生)。 believe in 指信任某人或信仰某事物,表示“相信……的存在”或“相信……的价值”,接人作宾语指相信 某人的人格,强调品质。 13.separate和divide separate：把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，separate… from… 把…与...分开 divide：划分，把整体分成若干部分，divide…into…把…分成… 14. 几个“带、拿”：bring, take, get, carry （1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。例如： 　　　　You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow. May I bring Tom along?　　　Bring the book to me, please. （2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处。例如： 　　　　Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now. （3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如： 　　　　Will you get that book for me? 　（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如 　　　　The buses and taxis are carry people here and there. The box is so heavy that the little boy can’t carry it. 15. advise和suggest的辨析 advise v.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构 suggest v.建议， suggest sb. doing sth 16. 几个“说”：say, speak, talk, tell 　（1）say接说话的内容，作及物动词。say sth to sb. 对某人说某事。例如： 　　　 Did you say goodbye to your granny? 　（2）speak常指能说某种语言，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。例如： 　　　 We can speak Chinese and English. 　　　 May I speak to Henry? 　　　 He will speak at the meeting tonight. 　（3）talk多是不及物动词，指交谈、谈论；做名词时有演讲、报告之意。例如： 　　　 They are talking about their friends now. I will talk to your father about your health next time. Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting. 　（4）tell的意思是“告诉某人……；讲述……；吩咐某人做……”。多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。例如： 　　　 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. Granny often tells me funny stories. The policeman told us not to play football in the street again. 16. 几个“看”：look, see, watch, read, find 　（1）look 看，表动作，look at。例如：Please don’t look out of the window. 　（2）see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film”。例如： 　　　　His father saw him sitting on some eggs. 　（3）watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。 　（4）read读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now. 常考的高频动词（近形词） 1.accept接受 attend 参加 achieve 获得， 实现 afford 付得起，买得起 appear出现，似乎是 avoid避免 awake (使)醒来;唤醒; 2. cancel 取消 celebrate庆祝， challenge挑战 change 改变 check 检查 cheer欢呼;加油;喝彩 collect 收集 communicate沟通，交流 compare比较 complete 完成 connect 与….相连，连接 consider考虑;认为 control 控制，操作 create创建 4. deal处理 depend 依靠 describe 描述 destroy摧毁 develop提高，发展，开发 discover 发现 divide分开，分割 double加倍 drop 掉落，落下 5. encourage鼓励 expect 期望，期待 explain 解释 express表达 escape逃离 6. imagine想象 improve改善，提高 include包括 increase 增强，提高 introduce介绍 invent发明 invite邀请 7. manage经营， 管理，掌管 marry结婚，娶，嫁 match 与….相配 mention提及 mind介意， mix混合 8.offer 提供 operate操作 order订购，命令 点(酒菜等) organize组织 own拥有 9. paint把…描绘成，油漆成 perform执行;履行;表演 praise 表扬 prefer比较喜欢 prepare准备 print印刷 promise承诺 protect 保护 prove 证明是 provide提供 publish出版 punish处罚，惩罚 10.raise增加，提高;抚养;举起;筹款; realize意识到 receive 收到 recognize认识;承认 reduce减少 refuse拒接 remind提醒;使想起; repeat 重复 require要求 review 复习 satisfy使。。。满意 11.scare使害怕;恐惧;使恐惧 search 搜查 ，搜寻 separate 分离 serve 服务，供应shock 使。。。震惊 12.solve解决 stick粘贴，卡住，陷住 succeed 成功做 suffer受苦，受难 support 支持 suppose推断，料想;假设 surprise使。。。吃惊 survive存活;幸存;幸免 sweep打扫 考向六、高频动词短语辨异 易混动词短语辨析： 1. 与look有关的常用短语： look out 当心，小心。 look through 浏览 look over 仔细检查 look after 照顾 look forward to 期望，期待 look like 看起来像 look down on/upon 轻视 look for 寻找 look out of 向外看 look up 查，查找 2. 与try有关的常用短语： try on 试穿 try out 试用，试验 try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】 try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 3. 与put有关的常用短语： put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起； put off 推迟 put away 收起来 put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下 put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭 4. call词组 call back 回电话    call off 取消，下令停止     call on / upon 号召        call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人） call out 大声呼喊，叫喊，唤起     call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召，召集 5. 表达“相似”常用短语： （1）be similar to…意为“与……相似，接近”，一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如： （2）look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象； 　（3）take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。 6. 与turn有关的常用短语： turn off 意为“关掉; 关闭(设备)”, 主要指关灯、电视、电脑、自来水、煤气等。 turn on(打开), turn up(把……调高), turn down(把……调低) turn to 转身面对 turn into 变成 turn in 上交，自首 turn out 结果是 turn right(left)向右（左）拐 7. 与take有关的常用短语： take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出 take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意 take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张 take down 取下、拿下；写下、记录； take in 吸入 领悟，理解 take up 占据（一定的时间、空间、精力......）；开始从事...... take off 脱下，起飞 take pride in 以….为骄傲 take place 发生 take an exam 参加考试 take back 收回，带回 take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) take some medicine 服药 take one’s place“就座，就位” take the place of“代替，取代” 8. 与make有关的常用短语： be made into “把……做成某产品”，是把材料做成产品。 be made of “由……制成”（可看出原材料） be made from“由……制成”，（看不出原材料）。 be made in “……生产于某地”。 be made up of “由……组/构成”。 make up 组成，虚构，编造 make the bed铺床 make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生 make noise制造噪音 make sure务必 make trouble惹麻烦 make money赚钱 make tea沏茶 make a decision做决定 make difference to， 表示对某人或某事物有影响。 9. 与fall有关的常用短语： fall down、fall off、fall into、fall behind fall down强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接从哪里摔下时应加上介词from。 fall off强调的是“跌落、从……掉下来”，后直接接宾语。 fall into表示“掉入......” fall behind表示“落后”，常指在成绩、速度方面比不上别人 10. 与stop有关的常用短语： 1)stop to do sth.表示停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事情。 2)stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情 3)stop...(from) doing sth.意为“阻止......做某事” 11. 与keep有关的常用短语： keep doing sth 一直做某事 keep sb/sth doing sth 使某人/某事一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep up with 跟上 keep in mind 记住 keep in touch with 保持联络 keep on 继续 keep diary 写日记 12. 与point有关的常用短语： point out＂指出＂，out是副词 给某人指出方向、要点或错误等 point at ＂指着＂，at是介词，侧重于指的对象 指向离说话人较近的人或事物 point to ＂指向＂，to是介词，侧重于指的方向 指向离说话人较远的人或事物 13. 与give有关的常用短语： give up意为“放弃” give off发出，放出 give in屈服，让步 give out 分发 give away捐赠，赠送 give back 归还，送回 14. 与show有关的常用短语： （1）show sb. around 带某人参观 （2）show off 炫耀 （3）show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 （4）on show 陈列，展出 （5）show up 出现 15. 与put有关的常用短语： put off意为“推迟"，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式. put away意为“收拾起来". put up意为“张贴、举起、建立"， put on意为“穿上” put out意为“扑灭； 熄灭". put through意为“给……接通电话” put into 使进入，输入 put one's heart into 全神贯注于put…down… 把……放下 put…into… 把……译成 16. 与cut有关的常用短语： cut off 切断，剪断 cut down 砍倒，减少 cut in 插嘴 cut out 切去，切除 17. 与set有关的常用短语： set out for + 地点 出发前往某地 set out to do sth. = set about (doing) sth 开始 / 着手做某事 set out on a new journey 动身踏上新旅程 set off 动身；出发；点燃 (set off fireworks 放烟火set off the alarm 使警报响起) set up 开办；建立 set down 写下；制定 set an example (to…) 给…树立榜样 set sb. free 释放某人 18. 与get有关的常用短语： get up 起床 get in the way of 妨碍。。。。。 挡道。。。。。 get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) get to 到达 get on/off 上/下车 19. 与have有关的常用短语： have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会 have a football match 举行一场足球赛 have a try 试一试 have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴 have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会) have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告 have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水(茶) have breakfast/lunch/supper /dinner吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have (have got) a headache 头痛 have a fever 发烧 have a look (at) 看一看…… have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息) have sports 进行体育锻炼 have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会 have something done 让人(请人)做…… have a test/an exam 测验/考试 have an idea 有了个主意 have no idea 不知道 had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做（不做）…… 20. 与go有关的常用短语： go to the cinema 看电影 go to bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) go to school (college) 上学(上大学) go to (the) hospital 去医院看病 go over 过一遍，复习/ go over to 朝……走去 go fishing/swimming/shopping 去钓鱼/游泳/买东西 go up 上去 go out for a walk 外出散步 go on (doing) 继续(做……) go off 响铃 be gone 消失; 亡；不见了 go ahead继续；干吧，说吧（鼓励对方） go by (时间)流逝；经过(地点) go in for 从事于 21. come词组 come across 偶然相遇，想起；越过；偿付 come along 一道来，随同，进展，出现       come back 回来，想起来，复原                come down 下来，下落，倒下，降落；跌落；病倒                come from… 来自，出生于，起源于           come into being 形成，产生，出现            come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开，出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露 come to an end 结束，终止       come to know 逐渐地知道 come true 变为现实，成为事实，证实    come up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 22.pass词组 pass away 去世，（时间）过去     pass by 通过，从旁边经过，（时间）过去     pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去   23.think词组 think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）      think of 想到，想起，认为，对……有看法/想法    think of ...as...把...看作    think over 仔细考虑      24.break词组 break away 摆脱，脱离     break down 出故障，中止，分解、抛锚、破坏，粉碎；瓦解；衰弱，损坏；(健康等)垮掉，累垮；崩溃 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入，使顺服    break into … 闯入……，破门而入，突然开始，把(sth.)分成 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发，准备使用；起锚     25 check词组 check in 报到，登记，投宿旅馆            check on 检查，调查                     check out 查明，结帐，付款而离开旅馆 check up 核对，检查，检验       26. 几个与“看”有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to, 　（1）look for　寻找，表过程；find发现，找到，表结果；find out 找出，查明。例如： 　　　 I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn’t find it anywhere. 　（2）look after, take care of 均表示“照看，照顾”。 　（3）look over 检查身体等。 　（4）look forward to盼望……，期待……。例如： 　　　　I am looking forward to your letter. She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian. 【基础训练】 （24·北京）1.Harley, 1 the excitement of the day, ran through the course like a madman and easily won.（北京完形填空） A. sensing B. breaking C. hiding D. spreading 【答案】A 【解析】句意：Harley感受到了这一天的兴奋，他像疯子一样跑过了赛道，轻松获胜。 sensing感受；breaking打破；hiding躲藏；spreading传播。根据下文中的“ran through the course like madman and easily won”可知，此处表示Harley感受到了这天的兴奋，像疯了一样在赛道上狂奔。故选A。 （24·河南）After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 2 white noise with his headphones. （河南完形填空） A. talk about B. listen to C. turn down D. wait for 【答案】B 【解析】句意：从那以后，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。 talk about谈论关于；listen to听；turn down拒绝；wait for等待。根据“whenever he felt worried about something, he would...white noise with his headphones”可知，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。故选B。 （24·苏州）3. I watched Mum every day doing her breathing exercises and 11 her postures (动作).(苏州完形填空） A. testing B. raising C. practising D. protecting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我每天都看着妈妈做呼吸练习和练习动作。 testing测试；raising提升；practising练习；protecting保护。根据“her postures”可知，此处指练习瑜伽动作。故选C。 （24·安徽）4. There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the end. A. break up B. give up C. set out D. turn out 【答案】D 【解析】句意：开始时可能会有一些麻烦，但最终会好起来的。 考查动词短语。break up（使）破碎；give up放弃；set out动身；turn out结果是，最后是。根据“in the end.”和“There can be some trouble at the beginning”可知，最终的结果都会是好的，故选D。 （24·湖北武汉）5. —Can you ________ your new coach? —Hmm…I think he’s very intelligent and humorous. A. believe B. describe C. support D. follow 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你能描述一下你的新教练吗？——嗯……我觉得他很聪明，很幽默。 考查动词辨析。believe相信；describe描述；support支持；follow跟随。根据“Can you ... your new coach?”和“I think he’s very intelligent and humorous.”可知，在描述教练，故选B。 （24·湖北武汉）6. —What a team! They’re always pulling together. —Exactly. No force can ________ them. A. separate B. push C. guard D. shape 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——多好的团队啊！他们总是齐心协力。——确实。任何力量都不能把他们分开。 考查动词辨析。separate使分离；push推；guard保卫；shape塑造。根据“What a team! They’re always pulling together.”可知，他们总是齐心协力，所以任何力量都不能把他们分开。故选A。 （24·湖北武汉）7. —Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach. —With pleasure. A. take down B. throw away C. look through D. hand out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——本，帮我把书架上的书取下来，好吗？我够不着。——我很愿意。 考查动词短语辨析。take down取下来；throw away扔掉；look through浏览；hand out分发。根据“It’s out of my reach.”可知，够不着，所以请对方帮忙取下来，故选A。 （24·山东滨州）8. —Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes? —Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need. A. give them away B. wash them away C. throw them away D. keep them away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——妈妈，你能帮我把这些旧衣服清理一下吗？——哦，它们的状况仍然很好。让我们把它们送给有需要的人。 考查动词短语。give away赠送；wash away冲走；throw away扔掉；keep away远离。根据“…to people in need”可知，此处指把旧衣服捐赠给有需要的人。故选A。 （24·天津）9. We _________ the books to the library after we read them. A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们看完书后把书还给了图书馆。 考查动词辨析。return归还；point指向；wave挥手；catch抓住。根据“the books to the library after we read them.”可知，书看完后还给了图书馆，故选A。 （24·天津）10. Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends. A. take pride in B. keep clear of C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with 【答案】D 【解析】句意：电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法之一。 考查动词短语。take pride in以……为骄傲；keep clear of避开；get into the habit of养成……的习惯；stay in touch with与……保持联系。根据“Email is one of the great ways to…friends.”可知，此处指电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法。故选D。 （24·安徽）11. With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ________ tourists. A. guard B. offer C. push D. cost 【答案】B 【解析】句意：安徽有着著名的山脉、湖泊和城镇，可以为游客提供很多。 考查动词辨析。guard保卫；offer提供；push推；cost花费。根据“Anhui has so much to…tourists”可知，此处指安徽可以提供给游客很多美景。故选B。 12.— It’s reported that self-driving cars are expected to change the way we move around. — That sounds _________. A. bad B. badly C. great D. greatly 【答案】C 【解析】考查系表结构这一语法。句意：据报道自驾被期待改变我们出行的方式。 13. The children all looked _________at the broken model plane and felt quite _________. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 【答案】D 【解析】look at 看着某人。在这里是实义动词。用副词修饰。Feel 后面接形容词。故答案选D。 14. (2023·湖北荆州) —Hangzhou will hold the 19th Asian Games from September 23 to October 8, 2023. —Right. Players will _______ in forty sports, such as swimming, table tennis and volleyball. A. compete B. believe C. imagine D. advise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——第19届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。——对的。运动员将参加40个项目的比赛，如游泳、乒乓球和排球。 考查动词辨析。compete参加比赛；believe相信；imagine想象；advise建议。根据“Players will…in forty sports,”可知，运动员应该是参加比赛，compete符合题意。故选A。 15. (2023·湖北黄石) In April, the weather in some places in Hubei is really changeable. People may ________ four seasons in one week. A. organize B. describe C. check D. experience 【答案】D 【解析】句意：4月份，湖北一些地方的天气真的很多变。人们可能在一周内经历四个季节。 考查动词辨析。organize组织；describe描述；check检查；experience经历。根据“the weather in some places in Hubei is really changeable.”可知，天气很多变的话可能一周内会经历四个季节，故选D。 16. (2023·江苏扬州) We don’t ________ much from the kids because they can’t understand the value of this work. A. express B. excuse C. expect D. explain 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们对孩子们期望不高，因为他们无法理解这项工作的价值。 考查动词辨析。express表达；excuse原谅；expect要求，指望；explain解释。根据“because they can’t understand the value of this work.”可知，不能对孩子有太高的期望，故选C。 17. (2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s go and get something to eat. What do you ________? —How about fish and chips? A. suggest B. imagine C. suppose D. insist 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我们去吃点东西吧。你有什么建议？——鱼和薯条怎么样？ 考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；suppose设想；insist坚持。根据“How about fish and chips”可知，询问对方的建议，故选A。 18. Nobody believes Jack because he always ________ others. A. cheat B. consider C. help D. dislike 【答案】A 【解析】句意：没有人相信杰克，因为他总是欺骗其他人。 考查动词词义辨析。cheat欺骗；consider认为；help帮助；dislike不喜欢。根据“Nobody believes Jack”可知，他总是欺骗别人。故选A。 19. —The________ you wrote about the film is wonderful. ——Thanks. A. renew B. review C. recycle D. reuse 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你写的电影评论很精彩。renew意为“更新”； review意为"评论”； recycle意为"再利用” ；reuse意为"重用”。根据句意可知选B。 20.—No way, I won’t sleep in this sleeping bag. —So what do you ________, Mark? It’s a camp, not a hotel. A. expect B. wish C. suggest D. imagine 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——没门，我不会睡在睡袋里。——那么，你想怎样，马克？这是野营，不是旅馆。 考查动词。expect期待；wish希望；suggest建议；imagine想象。根据“It’s a camp, not a hotel”可知，不同意对方说的，让他认清现实，“what do you expect”符合语境。故选A。 21. —Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please! —Wow! It _________ delicious. A. tastes B. sounds C. turns D. gets 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——晚餐准备好了。请自便！——哇！它尝起来很美味。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；turns转动；gets变得。此空前的it指代前文提到的dinner，所以晚餐是尝起来美味，故选A。 22. —How much is the computer? Is it expensive? —No, it’s not too expensive. It only _______ me 300 dollars. A. cost B. lost C. spent D. took 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这台电脑多少钱？它贵吗？——不，它不太贵。它只花了我300美元。 考查动词辨析。lose丢失；cost，spend，take都有“花费”之意。动词spend的主语应该是“人”；take是“花费”时间做某事，主语是it；只有cost的主语是“物”，常用于表示“花钱”。此处it指the computer，指物，应用cost。故选A。 23.The BBC documentary Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet _________ Du to William Shakespeare, one of the greatest writers of the West. A. considers B. connects C. compares D. complains 【答案】C 【解析】句意：英国广播公司的纪录片《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》将杜甫比作西方最伟大的作家之一莎士比亚。 考查动词辨析。considers考虑；connects连接；compares比较；complains抱怨。根据“Du to William Shakespeare”可知此处用compare ... to表示“与……相比较，把……比作”，此处指把杜甫比作莎士比亚。故选C。 24. —I hear you’re organizing a trip to the game next week. _________ me in! —No problem. Just keep in touch on WeChat. A. Matter B. Leave C. Count D. Mind 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我听说你们将在下周组织旅行。把我也算上。——没问题。只要微信保持联系。 考查动词辨析。Matter事关紧要；Leave离开；Count把……算入；Mind介意。根据“I hear you’re organizing a trip to the game next week...me in”以及“No problem”可知是去旅行的时候把我算上，count sb. in“把某人算在内”。故选C。 25.—How long does it take to get to Taizhou from Nanjing by train? —Maybe one hour. But why not ________ it on Baidu? A. fix B. design C. look D. check 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——从南京乘坐火车到达泰州需要多长时间？——也许一个小时，但是为什么不在百度上确认一下呢？ 考查动词辨析。fix固定；design设计；look看；check确认，核对。根据“...it on Baidu”可知是在百度上核查一下，故选D。 26.—No way, I won’t sleep in this sleeping bag. —So what do you ________, Mark? It’s a camp, not a hotel. A. expect B. wish C. suggest D. imagine 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——没门，我不会睡在睡袋里。——那么，你想怎样，马克？这是野营，不是旅馆。 考查动词。expect期待；wish希望；suggest建议；imagine想象。根据“It’s a camp, not a hotel”可知，不同意对方说的，让他认清现实，“what do you expect”符合语境。故选A。 27. You don’t need to ________ yourself with others. Believe in yourself. A. correct B. connect C. compare D. communicate 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你不需要和别人比较。相信你自己。 考查动词辨析。correct纠正；connect联系；compare比较；communicate沟通。根据“You don’t need to…yourself with others. Believe in yourself.”可知，是要相信自己，不用和别人比较，compare…with…“和……比较”。故选C。 28. Schools should ________ students to form good working habits through labor(劳动) education. A. force B. encourage C. warn D. promise 【答案】B 【解析】句意：学校应当鼓励学生通过劳动教育形成良好的工作习惯。 考查动词辨析。force强迫；encourage鼓励；warn警告；promise许诺。根据“Schools should...students to form good working habits through labor(劳动) education.”可知，是鼓励学生通过劳动教育形成良好的工作习惯。故选B。 29. The huge fire ______ the whole factory and killed 121 workers. A. kept B. protected C. destroyed D. damaged 【答案】C 【解析】A.保持 B.保护 C.销毁 摧毁。D.损坏。C符合题意。 30. —Why do you like this hotel? —Because it can _______ customers with best service. A. provides B. serve C. state D. offer 【答案】B 【解析】provide 提供，一般指免费提供物品。 Serve 服务，提供。C 陈述 阐述。 Offer 提供 offer sb. sth. 不用‘with’ 31. When Simon ________ that there was a new student in the classroom, he said hello to her. A. noticed B. promised C. planned D. decided 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当西蒙注意到教室里有一个新学生时，他向她问好。 考查动词词义辨析。noticed注意到；promised承诺；planned计划；decided决定。根据“there was a new student in the classroom, he said hello to her.”可知，应是注意到有个新生。故选A。 32. He has _____ from a poor young man to a successful business man. A. raised B. spread C. traded D. risen 【答案】D 【解析】他已从一个贫穷的年轻人成长为一个成功的商人。Raise 及物动词。后面要接宾语。Rise不及物动词。 33. The news of victory ________ quickly and everyone in the town was very excited. A. recorded B. discussed C. spread D. polluted 【答案】C 【解析】句意：胜利的消息迅速扩散开来，小镇上每个人都很兴奋。 考查动词。recorded记录；discussed讨论；spread传播；polluted污染。根据“The news of victory”可知表达消息的扩散，用动词“spread”。故选C。 34. If you always___________ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. I agree. We should believe in ourselves. A. compare B. complain C. connect D. consider 【答案】A 【解析】考查词语辨异。A. compare 比较 B. complain 抱怨 C. connect 连接 D. consider考虑 句意：如果你老是与别人比较，你可能压力很大。 35. The female scientist Yan Ning ________ to leave the US and return to China in November 2022. The news caught many people’s attention. A. preferred B. warned C. proved D. announced 【答案】D 【解析】句意：女科学家颜宁宣布将于2022年11月离开美国返回中国。这消息引起了许多人的注意。 考查动词辨析。preferred更喜欢；warned警告；proved证明；announced宣布。根据“...to leave the US and return to China in November 2022.”可知此处指宣布一个消息。故选D。 36.—The report says one of the organizers is still __________ by the police. —If I find the organizer, I will report it to the police at once. A. caught B. wanted C. missed D. questioned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——报道称，其中一名组织者仍被警方通缉。——如果我找到组织者，我会立即向警方报案。 考查动词辨析。caught抓住；wanted被通缉；missed错过；questioned提问。根据“If I find the organizer, I will report it to the police at once”可知如果我找到组织者，我会立即向警方报案，因此是仍被通缉。故选B。 37.—Do you think Karen will be a great doctor? —In fact, being a doctor ________ carefulness, but she is careless sometimes. A. repeats B. receives C. reduces D. requires 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你觉得电影《阿凡达：水之道》怎么样？——太好了。它持续了大约3个小时，但没有人提前离开。 考查动词辨析。covered覆盖；remained保持；lasted持续；showed展示。根据“…about 3 hours，but no one left early”可知指的是电影持续三小时都没人提前离开。故选C。 38.—What do you think of the movie Avatar: The Way Of Water? —Great. It _________ about 3 hours, but no one left early. A. covered B. remained C. lasted D. showed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你认为凯伦会成为一名好医生吗？——事实上，当医生需要细心，但她有时粗心。 考查动词辨析。repeats重复；receives接受；reduces减少；requires需要。根据“carefulness”可知，做医生需要细心，故选D。 39.—You may borrow some money from your friend Tom. —Forget it. Tom and I just met a couple of times, but we don’t really _________. A. care B. spare C. cover D. connect 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你可以向你的朋友汤姆借些钱。——算了。汤姆和我只见过几次面，但我们真的没有联系。 考查动词辨析。care关心；spare留出；cover覆盖；connect联系。由“Tom and I just met a couple of times, but we don’t really”可知，此处是说他们虽然是朋友，但是联络很少。故选D。 40. —Do you think John can win a prize in the Wuhan Marathon? —Impossible now. He was ________ to do so, but he has just hurt his leg. A. advised B. required C. supposed D. requested 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你认为约翰能在武汉马拉松比赛中获奖吗？——现在不可能。他本该获奖的，但他刚刚把腿弄伤了。 考查动词辨析。advised建议；required需要；supposed应该；requested要求。根据“He was … to do so, but he has just hurt his leg”可知，本来应该要获奖的，但是腿受伤了，故选C。 【能力提升】 （24·北京中考） （完形填空8道题，有4道题是考查动词在语境的运用和辨异） Every summer, Serena spent two weeks at Green Farm’s horseback riding camp. Last year, Serena and her favorite horse Piper finished second in the obstacle course (障碍赛赛道) race. “I can’t wait to ride Piper,” Serena told Rose, her coach. Rose smiled and said, “Sorry, but we need to save Piper for our newer 13 this year. She’s one of the best-behaved horses. How about you try riding Harley?” Serena felt 14 and was a little scared (害怕的) at the sight of Harley, the tallest horse, but she stayed hopeful. As she was trying to ride Harley, he went up on his back legs, throwing Serena off. She landed on the hard ground, her eyes filled with tears. “I’m scared of Harley, and he’s too hard to 15 ,” Serena told Rose. “Harley is in a new place with a new person on his back,” Rose explained. “I’m sure he’s pretty scared, too. But if you trust him, he will trust you.” Serena decided that it was time for a fresh 16 . “I know you’re afraid of me. We’re still strangers, and it’s up to me to make sure that we become friends,” she talked to Harley 17 . After a while, Harley calmed (平静) down, and Serena realized that she was also feeling calmer. She then led Harley for a walk around the ring so that he could get used to being with her and following her directions. Soon, Serena and Harley made progress together as their confidence in each other 18 . By the end of the first week, they had completed the obstacle course together. On the final day of the camp was the bag race. Serena confidently climbed onto Harley. Harley, 19 the excitement of the day, ran through the course like a madman and easily won. The other horses were just no match for Harley. Rose handed Serena the winner’s trophy with a wink (眨眼). Serena suddenly realized that Rose had wanted her to 20 herself to be a better rider, even though she would have had a nice time with Piper. Serena gave Rose a hug and then took the trophy, and a carrot, over to Harley. 13. A. leaders B. riders C. climbers D. drivers 14. A. stupid B. disappointed C. comfortable D. lucky 15. A. refuse B. raise C. cheat D. control 16. A. answer B. memory C. start D. topic 17. A. angrily B. softly C. curiously D. sadly 18. A. fell B. returned C. grew D. remained 19. A. sensing B. breaking C. hiding D. spreading 20. A. advise B. accept C. choose D. challenge 【答案】13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 【解析】本文主要讲述了Serena克服恐惧和Harley一起赢得奖杯的故事。 13. 句意：抱歉，但我们得把Piper留给今年新来的骑手。 leader领导；rider骑手；climber登山者；driver司机。根据“Every summer, Serena spent two weeks at Green Farm’s horseback riding camp.”及语境可知，此处表示要把Piper留给新的骑手。故选B。 14. 句意：Serena一看到那匹最高的马Harley，就感到失望和有点害怕，但她仍然抱有希望。 stupid愚蠢的；disappointed失望的；comfortable 舒服的；lucky幸运的。根据上文中的“I can’t wait to ride Piper”、下文中的“was a little scared (害怕的) at the sight of Harley”及语境可知，Serena不能骑她想骑的马，因此感到失望。故选B。 15. 句意：“我害怕Harley，他太难控制了，”Serena告诉Rose。 refuse拒绝；raise升起；cheat作弊；control控制。根据上文“As she was trying to ride Harley, he went up on his back legs, throwing Serena off.”及语境可知，当Serena试图骑到Harley的背上时，Harley用后腿直立了起来，把Serena甩了下去，因此Serena觉得Harley很难控制。control“控制”符合语境。故选D。 16. 句意：Serena决定是时候重新开始了。 answer回答；memory记忆；start开始；topic话题。根据下文中的“I know you’re afraid of me. We’re still strangers, and it’s up to me to make sure that we become friends”及语境可知，Serena决定重新开始。start“开始”符合语境。故选C。 17. 句意：她轻声地对Harley说。 angrily生气地；softly温柔地；curiously好奇地；sadly伤心地。根据下文中的“After a while, Harley calmed (平静) down, and Serena realized that she was also feeling calmer.”及语境可知，此处表示Serena温柔地对Harley说话，过了一会儿，Harley平静了下来。故选B。 18. 句意：很快，Serena和Harley一起取得了进步，他们对彼此的信心也在增强。 fell落下；returned返回；grew增加；remained保持。根据上文中的“Serena and Harley made progress together”及语境可知，Serena和Harley取得了进步，所以对彼此的信心都有所强。grew“增加”符合语境。故选C。 19. 句意：Harley感受到了这一天的兴奋，他像疯子一样跑过了赛道，轻松获胜。 sensing感受；breaking打破；hiding躲藏；spreading传播。根据下文中的“ran through the course like madman and easily won”可知，此处表示Harley感受到了这天的兴奋，像疯了一样在赛道上狂奔。故选A。 20. 句意：Serena突然意识到，Rose想让她挑战自己，成为一名更好的骑手，尽管她会和Piper度过一段美好的时光。 advise建议；accept接受；choose选择；challenge挑战。根据“herself to be a better rider”可知，此处指“挑战自己，成为更好的骑手”，challenge“挑战”符合语境。故选D。 （24·深圳）（5道题涉及动词或词组用法辨异） William grew up in a poor family in Africa. His family lived in a village with no 1 . At night, they used oil lamps for light. However, oil was too expensive for his parents to afford. William wanted to 2 life there but he had no idea how to realize it. One day, he read a book on how to turn wind into electricity with a windmill. “That is 3 !” Though he didn’t know what a windmill was, he decided to give it a try. First he had to 4 all the materials. He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby and 5 his goal until he got what he wanted. Then he started to make the windmill. The moment his farm work finished in the fields, he threw himself on studying the materials, staying 6 till midnight. Finally, he made it after many 7 . He fixed the windmill on the top of a wood tower to catch wind. The villagers came to look. A long wire was used to connect to a bulb to the windmill. The wind blew and the windmill 8 . To their amazement, the bulb lit up. The villagers cheered. William threw his hands in the air and jumped 9 . To produce more energy, he built another windmill for his village. Bored into poverty, William didn’t give up in the face of difficulties. He kept reading, taught himself and lit up the whole 10 . 1. A. gas B. water C. Internet D. electricity 2. A. protect B. improve C. create D. understand 3. A. amazing B. surprised C. worried D. important 4. A. buy B. invent C. collect D. borrow 5. A. stuck to B. went over C. looked into D. learn about 6. A. calm B. awake C. relaxed D. free 7. A. tells B. excuses C. failures D. meeting 8. A. fell B. flew C. opened D. turned 9. A. excitedly B. hurriedly C. carefully D. worriedly 10. A. team B. club C. school D. village 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了主人公威廉用风车发电，改善村庄生活条件的故事。 1. 句意：他家住在一个没有电的村子里。 gas煤气；water水；Internet互联网；electricity电。根据“At night, they used oil lamps for light.”可知，他们晚上用油灯照明，说明村子里没有电。故选D。 2. 句意：威廉想改善那里的生活，但他不知道如何实现。 protect保护；improve改善；create创造；understand理解。根据“William wanted to…life there”可知，威廉想改善村里的生活条件。故选B。 3. 句意：太神奇了！ amazing惊奇的；surprised惊讶的；worried担心的；important重要的。根据“how to turn wind into electricity with a windmill”可知，风车可以把风变成电，这是令人惊奇的。故选A。 4. 句意：首先他得收集所有的材料。 buy买；invent发明；collect收集；borrow借。根据“He dug through the rubbish with his cousin in the villages nearby”可知，威廉在村庄附近挖掘垃圾用来收集做风车的材料。故选C。 5. 句意：他和他的表弟在附近的村庄里挖掘垃圾，坚持他的目标，直到他得到了他想要的。 stuck to坚持；went over检查；looked into调查；learn about了解。根据“his goal”可知，此处指他坚持目标。故选A。 6. 句意：当他在田里完成农活的那一刻，他就埋头研究材料，一直到半夜还醒着。 calm镇静的；awake醒着的；relaxed放松的；free自由的。根据“he threw himself on studying the materials, staying…till midnight.”可知，为了制作风车，威廉埋头研究，直到半夜还醒着。故选B。 7. 句意：经过多次失败，他终于成功了。 tells告诉；excuses借口；failures失败；meeting会议。根据“Finally, he made it after many…”可知，经过多次失败之后，威廉成功了。故选C。 8. 句意：风一吹，风车转了起来。 fell摔倒；flew飞；opened打开；turned转动。根据“The wind blew and the windmill…”可知，风一吹，风车会转。故选D。 9. 句意：威廉举起双手，兴奋地跳了起来。 excitedly兴奋地；hurriedly匆忙地；carefully认真地；worriedly担心地。根据“To their amazement, the bulb lit up.”可知，灯泡亮了，威廉成功了，所以他兴奋地跳起来。故选A。 10. 句意：他坚持读书，自学，点亮了整个村庄。 team团队；club俱乐部；school学校；village村庄。根据“To produce more energy, he built another windmill for his village.”及“and lit up the whole…”可知，威廉最终点亮了整个村庄。故选D。 （24·河南）（15道题7道题考查动词在语境中辨异） Last night, Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days. So he was in a 21 mood (心情) when he woke up. Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n) 22 of white noise. Frank had tried it and it really worked! After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 23 white noise with his headphones. With the 24 of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones. He 25 he had left them on his desk, but they were gone. His little brother Andy was always 26 his things—without asking. He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in 27 . “Where are my headphones? You can’t just take my things! Or I’ll take yours!” He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and 28 it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces. Andy started to 29 , and Frank stormed out, feeling better. Frank’s mom heard the shouting and went into Andy’s room. “Hey,” she said 30 , “stop for a second and tell me how you’re feeling.” Mom never shouted. Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about 31 instead of getting angry. “He always does this, Mom!” Frank shouted. “I’ll have a math test…and…and I had a bad dream …” Frank 32 shouting. In a calm (平静的) voice, he said, “I 33 what I did was bad. I’m sorry, Andy. I really get mad 34 you take things without asking, but breaking your toy wasn’t 35 . I will buy you a new one.” Frank’s mom said, “Well done, Frank, and, Andy, ask first next time, OK?” “OK, I’m sorry too,” said Andy and they all smiled. 21．A．bad B．cheerful C．playful D．strange 22．A．list B．gift C．example D．introduction 23．A．talk about B．listen to C．turn down D．wait for 24．A．results B．thoughts C．prizes D．purposes 25．A．expected B．decided C．discovered D．remembered 26．A．repairing B．cleaning C．breaking D．borrowing 27．A．anger B．fear C．shame D．surprise 28．A．tied B．burnt C．threw D．placed 29．A．cry B．rest C．help D．share 30．A．sadly B．shyly C．softly D．bravely 31．A．dreams B．habits C．choices D．feelings 32．A．kept B．stopped C．enjoyed D．practiced 33．A．wish B．know C．hear D．promise 34．A．unless B．before C．when D．though 35．A．right B．easy C．enough D．crazy 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．A 【解析】本文主要介绍弗兰克因为担心考试想用耳机听白噪音，但是发现自己的耳机不见了。弗兰克想到弟弟安迪经常不问自取自己的东西，所以很生气，去摔了弟弟的玩具。妈妈知道后温柔地开导二人，二人也都认识到自己的错误。 21．句意：所以他醒来时心情不好。 bad坏的；cheerful振奋的；playful幽默的；strange奇怪的。根据“Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days.”可知，弗兰克做了一个关于即将到来的数学考试的梦，这让他这些天非常困扰，所以醒来时心情不好。故选A。 22．句意：罗宾叔叔曾经给弗兰克讲过“白噪音”——风扇或细雨发出的噪音就是白噪音的一个例子。 list清单；gift礼物；example例子；introduction介绍。根据“Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n)...of white noise.”可知，风扇或细雨发出的噪音就是白噪音的一个例子，故选C。 23．句意：从那以后，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。 talk about谈论关于；listen to听；turn down拒绝；wait for等待。根据“whenever he felt worried about something, he would...white noise with his headphones”可知，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。故选B。 24．句意：数学考试的事还在弗兰克的脑海里，他去拿耳机。 results结果；thoughts想法；prizes奖励；purposes目的。根据“With the...of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones.”可知，数学考试的事还在弗兰克的脑海里，故选B。 25．句意：他记得把它们放在桌子上了，但它们不见了。 expected期待；decided决定；discovered发现；remembered记得。根据“He...he had left them on his desk, but they were gone.”可知，他记得把耳机放在桌上了，但是没找到。故选D。 26．句意：他的弟弟安迪总是不问他就借他的东西。 repairing修理；cleaning打扫；breaking打破；borrowing借。根据“His little brother Andy was always...his things—without asking.”可知，他的弟弟安迪总是不问他就借他的东西。故选D。 27．句意：他跑进他弟弟的房间，愤怒地对他大喊大叫。 anger生气；fear害怕；shame羞愧；surprise惊讶。根据“He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in ...”可知，弟弟总是不问就借他的东西，这会儿耳机不见了，所以弗兰克很生气，故选A。 28．句意：他抓起弟弟的一个玩具扔在地上，把它摔成两半。 tied系；burnt燃烧；threw扔；placed放置。根据“He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and...it on the ground”可知，他抓起弟弟的一个玩具扔在地上，故选C。 29．句意：安迪哭了起来，弗兰克气冲冲地走了出去，感觉好多了。 cry哭；rest休息；help帮助；share分享。根据“Andy started to..., and Frank stormed out, feeling better.”可知，弗兰克把安迪的玩具扔在地上，所以安迪哭了起来，故选A。 30．句意：她温柔地说，“停一下，告诉我你感觉怎么样。” sadly悲伤地；shyly害羞地；softly温柔地；bravely勇敢地。根据“Mom never shouted.”可知，妈妈从不大叫，所以温柔地说，故选C。 31．句意：弗兰克知道她认为与其生气，不如谈谈自己的感受。 dreams梦想；habits习惯；choices选择；feelings感觉。根据“Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about...instead of getting angry.”可知，与其生气，不如谈谈自己的感受。故选D。 32．句意：“他总是这样，妈妈！”弗兰克停止大叫。 kept保持；stopped停止；enjoyed欣赏；practiced练习。根据“In a calm (平静的) voice”可知，弗兰克停止大叫，平静地说，故选B。 33．句意：我知道我做的不好。 wish希望；know知道；hear听见；promise承诺。根据“I...what I did was bad.”可知，知道自己做的不好，故选B。 34．句意：我真的很生气你不经同意就拿走东西，但弄坏你的玩具是不对的。 unless除非；before在……之前；when当……时；though虽然。根据“I really get mad...you take things without asking”可知，当弟弟不问自取自己的东西时很生气，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 35．句意：我真的很生气你不经同意就拿走东西，但弄坏你的玩具是不对的。 right正确的；easy容易的；enough足够的；crazy疯狂的。根据“but breaking your toy wasn’t...”可知，弄坏弟弟的玩具是不对的。故选A。 （24·江苏苏州） The first person in our family to do yoga (瑜伽) was my mum. Her best friend, Sissy, who lived next door to us, 1 yoga to her. She said if Mum was tired of the rush of modern life and wanted to feel less 2 , then yoga could help. Sissy was a very peaceful person so Mum 3 accepted. I watched Mum every day doing her breathing exercises and 4 her postures (动作). After a few months, she said she felt much 5 . Dad was getting envious. He wasn’t going to be left out so he 6 yoga too. He goes to a class twice a week now. Then Mum had the bright 7 that my sister and I should do yoga. She researched the kind of yoga that is 8 for children and learned as much as she could about it. Then she became our 9 . To my surprise, it turned out really well. At first, we mostly did breathing exercises but then we moved on to stretching (伸展) exercises. We had to lift our ribcage (胸廓), reach our arms to the side and circle our body with them. Mum told us to 10 we were enjoying ourselves in the sunshine. It was really fun! Our whole family does yoga now. Even our dog, Bingo, likes to join in! 1. A. took B. recommended C. donated D. sent 2. A. surprised B. excited C. stressed D. amazed 3. A. easily B. hardly C. luckily D. strictly 4. A. testing B. raising C. practising D. protecting 5. A. healthier B. luckier C. heavier D. cleverer 6. A. set up B. made up C. put up D. took up 7. A. future B. idea C. smile D. start 8. A. noisy B. difficult C. secret D. helpful 9. A. friend B. student C. teacher D. partner 10. A. imagine B. show C. learn D. prove 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家在妈妈的带领下练习瑜伽的经历。 1. 句意：她最好的朋友Sissy住在我们隔壁，她向她推荐了瑜伽。 took拿；recommended推荐；donated捐赠；sent发送。根据“Her best friend, Sissy, who lived next door to us, …yoga to her.”可知，此处指妈妈的朋友将瑜伽推荐给了她，妈妈开始练瑜伽。故选B。 2. 句意：她说，如果妈妈厌倦了现代生活的匆忙，想减轻压力，那么瑜伽会有所帮助。 surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；stressed有压力的；amazed吃惊的。根据“and wanted to feel less…, then yoga could help”可知，如果想减轻压力，练瑜伽会有帮助。故选C。 3. 句意：Sissy是一个非常平和的人，所以妈妈很容易接受了。 easily容易地；hardly几乎不；luckily幸运地；strictly严格地。根据“Sissy was a very peaceful person”可知，Sissy是一个平和的人，所以她的推荐妈妈很容易就接受了。故选A。 4. 句意：我每天都看着妈妈做呼吸练习和练习动作。 testing测试；raising提升；practising练习；protecting保护。根据“her postures”可知，此处指练习瑜伽动作。故选C。 5. 句意：几个月后，她说她感觉更健康了。 healthier更健康的；luckier更幸运的；heavier更重的；cleverer更聪明的。根据“I watched Mum every day doing her breathing exercises and…her postures (动作). After a few months, she said she felt much…”可知，妈妈在练习了几个月瑜伽后，感觉更健康了。故选A。 6. 句意：他不想被落下，所以他也开始练瑜伽。 set up建立；made up编造；put up张贴；took up开始从事。根据“He wasn’t going to be left out so he…yoga too.”可知，爸爸不想被妈妈落下，于是也开始练习瑜伽。故选D。 7. 句意：然后妈妈有了一个好主意，我和妹妹应该做瑜伽。 future未来；idea主意；smile微笑；start开始。根据“Then Mum had the bright…that my sister and I should do yoga”可知，妈妈有了一个好主意，想让作者和妹妹也练习瑜伽。故选B。 8. 句意：她研究了对孩子有帮助的瑜伽，并尽可能多地学习。 noisy吵闹的；difficult困难的；secret秘密的；helpful有帮助的。根据“She researched the kind of yoga that is…for children”可知，妈妈想让孩子们也练习瑜伽，所以研究了对孩子有帮助的瑜伽。故选D。 9. 句意：然后她成了我们的老师。 friend朋友；student学生；teacher老师；partner伙伴。根据“and learned as much as she could about it. Then she became our…”可知，妈妈练习瑜伽，然后教给孩子们，成为了孩子们的老师。故选C。 10. 句意：妈妈让我们想象我们正在享受阳光。 imagine想象；show表演；learn学习；prove证明。根据“we were enjoying ourselves in the sunshine”可知，做瑜伽时，妈妈让作者想象正在沐浴阳光。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$