精品解析：上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷

闵行实验中学 2024 学年第一学期 高三年级 期中考试 英语试卷 （考试时间：105 分钟 满分：115 分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Unique Summer School Every spring, Alexandra Jones, founder of Archaeology in the Community, goes to St. Croix and talks to kids at the Caribbean Center for Boys and Girls. She leads the youth field program. Jones describes what the Estate Little Princess Archaeological Field School does at the Estate Little Princess and explains ___1___ kids can take part. Any girl or boy, ages 12 and up, from anywhere on the island can apply, as long as they belong to the Center for Boys and Girls. The program lasts a week and takes ___2___ maximum of 15 kids. About half are middle schoolers. Later that summer, Jones and the group of kids begin their week at the Estate Little Princess. The archaeologists (考古学家) are working in the area ___3___ the enslaved people’s village once stood. In 1786, 127 enslaved Africans lived in 53 houses there. Today, their homes are long gone. Jones explains, “For the most part the enslaved village area is overgrown with vegetation, ___4___ (make) it extremely difficult to survey and unearth.” This is where the kids work, side-by-side with the archaeologists, ___5___ (uncover) the past. On the kids’ first day, Jones teaches students what archaeology is and how artifacts, objects made and used by people in the past, ___6___ (put) into groups. They’ll classify what they find ___7___ the material the objects were made from - glass, pottery, bone, and so on. The kids go to the site and watch the archaeologists at work. That way, they can see what the jobs look like as they ___8___ (happen). Jones divides the kids into two groups. Some will be at the site, while others are in the lab. The kids start work on the second day. The group at the site excavates (挖掘): they dig through the dirt, sift it, and place what they find into artifact bags. The group at the lab wash, classify, and record the artifacts so the archaeologists can study them later. “The kids love it!” Jones says. “Each has something they’re drawn to, ___9___ it’s being the first to find something that hasn’t been touched in 80 to 100 years, or being the first person to wash it or see it ___10___ (wash), so they can really get a good view of what it is.” 【答案】1. how 2. a 3. where 4. making 5. to uncover 6. are put 7. by 8. are happening 9. whether 10. washed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Alexandra Jones在圣克罗伊岛开展的考古夏令校项目，让孩子们参与考古工作。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：Jones描述了Estate Little Princess考古野外学校做什么，并解释了孩子们如何参加。根据空前explains可知，空处需用连接词how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，表示“解释孩子们如何参加”。故填how。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：该项目持续一周，最多可容纳15名孩子。a maximum of“最多……”。故填a。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：考古学家们正在那个奴隶村庄曾经所在的地方工作。空处需用关系词引导定语从句。先行词是the area，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以需要关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：琼斯解释说：“奴隶村庄的大部分地区杂草丛生，这使得调查和发掘工作变得极其困难。”空处需用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们与考古学家并肩工作，揭开过去。这里表示目的，即孩子们工作的目的是揭露历史，应使用不定式to uncover。故填to uncover。 【6题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在孩子们的第一天，琼斯教学生考古学是什么，以及过去的物品，即人们过去制造和使用的物品，是如何分类的。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据空前is可知，句子为一般现在时，且该动词和主语artifacts之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时态的的被动语态。故填are put。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们将根据物体的材料对发现的物品进行分类——玻璃、陶器、骨头等等。根据空后the material可知，空处需用介词by表示“根据，通过”。故填by。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：这样，他们可以看到这些工作是如何发生的。as引导时间状语从句，表达事情发生的同时性，空处为从句的谓语动词，且此处描述的是正在进行的动作，所以使用现在进行时。故填are happening。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：每个人都有他们被吸引的东西，无论是第一个发现80到100年没被动过的东西，还是第一个洗它或看它被洗的人，所以他们真的能看到它是什么。根据or可知，空处需用连词whether，构成短语whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”。故填whether。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都有他们被吸引的东西，无论是第一个发现80到100年没被动过的东西，还是第一个洗它或看它被洗的人，所以他们真的能看到它是什么。空处需用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，动词wash与逻辑主语it构成被动关系，需用过去分词形式washed作宾补。故填washed。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. angered B. collection C. connection D. demanding E. dismissal F. lasting G. pessimism H. reputation I. unconventional J. underachieving K. united Stepney Words Chris Searle’s journey as a teacher at Sir John Cass Secondary School in Stepney, East London, began in 1970. He was driven by a strong ___11___ to the area and a progressive vision for education. Having completed a postgraduate thesis (论文) on Isaac Rosenberg, a poet from the East End, Searle saw Stepney as a place filled with potential, in spite of its ___12___ as a hopeless community. He believed that education, particularly through poetry, could transform the lives of his students, many of whom came from low-income, high-risk backgrounds. Searle’s ___13___ approach conflicted with the traditional views of the school’s governors and teachers. At a time when discipline was harsh and students were often regarded as troublemakers, Searle viewed these ___14___ teenagers as individuals with untapped potential. He believed that poetry could unlock their creativity and help them express their experiences, offering them a sense of hope and purpose. His belief in poetry’s power materialized in the creation of Stepney Words, a collection of his students’ poems. Despite the ___15___ from some staff who thought his methods too liberal, the poems gained attention, and some of them were even published in The Sun newspaper by March 1971. The ___16___ gave the students a voice, but it also drew criticism from school officials who thought the poems were “too gloomy.” Searle’s progressive ideals led to his ___17___ from the school. However, his students, ___18___ by the decision, organized a protest led by 16-year-old Zenaida de la Cruz. The entire school quickly ___19___, standing together with Searle. On his return to the school, he found 800 students standing outside the gates in the rain, showing their support. Though the government eventually allowed him to return, he decided to leave the school in 1974. His commitment to education did not end there — he continued to teach around the world and published his own poetry, leaving behind a(n) ___20___ impact of optimism, innovation, and faith in the power of education to bring about change. 【答案】11. C 12. H 13. I 14. J 15. G 16. B 17. E 18. A 19. K 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章的主题是：Chris Searle作为一名教师在斯特普尼的圣约翰卡斯中学的教学经历及其教育理念。文章详细描述了他在面对传统教育观念挑战时如何坚持自己的进步主义观点，通过诗歌教学激励学生，并最终因这些做法而受到争议和支持的故事。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：他受到与该地区的紧密联系以及对教育的进步愿景的驱使。空处应填名词，他对这个地区有着很强的某种关联感，a connection to表示 “与……的联系”，符合句意。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管斯特普尼有着作为一个无望社区的名声，塞尔在完成了一篇关于来自伦敦东区的诗人艾萨克・罗森伯格的硕士论文后，仍将其视为一个充满潜力的地方。空处需要一个名词来表示外界对斯特普尼这个地方的一种普遍认知和评价，reputation表示“名声；声誉”符合句意。故选H项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：塞尔这种非传统的方法与学校管理者和教师们的传统观点产生了冲突。空处应填一个形容词，由本句中的“conflict with the traditional view”可知，塞尔在教育教学方面所采取的方式是有别于常规、传统做法的，unconventional“非传统的”符合句意。故选I项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在当时纪律严苛且学生常被视为捣蛋鬼的情况下，塞尔把这些成绩不佳的青少年视为有着未被发掘潜力的个体。空处应填形容词，这里描述的是那些在学业等方面表现不够好、未达到应有水平的学生，underachieving“成绩不佳的”符合句意。故选J项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管一些认为他的方法过于自由化的教职工不看好，这些诗歌还是引起了关注，并且其中一些甚至在 1971年3月前就在《太阳报》上发表了。空处应填一个名词做宾语，由“who thought his methods too liberal”可知，其他的教职工不看好他的做法，pessimism“悲观”符合句意。故选G项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：这个(诗歌)作品集让学生们有了表达自己的机会，但也引来了学校官员的批评，他们认为这些诗歌“太忧郁”了。空处应填一个名词做主语，前面提到了“Stepney Words, a collection of his students’ poems”，Stepney Words是塞尔收集学生诗作形成的一个作品集， collection “作品集”符合句意。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：塞尔的进步理念导致了他被学校解雇。空处应填一个名词做宾语，前文讲述了他的理念和做法与学校管理者、教师的传统观点冲突，后面又提到学生为此抗议等情节，所以这里应该是说他因为这些进步但与传统相悖的理念而被学校辞退了，dismissal“解雇”符合句意。故选E项。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：然而，他的学生们因为这个决定而被激怒，由16岁的泽内达・德拉克鲁兹领导组织了一场抗议活动。句子已有谓语动词“organized”，空处应使用非谓语形式，且由by可知应是被动形式，表明学生们对老师被解雇这一决定非常不满，angered“激怒”为过去分词，与逻辑主语“his students”为被动关系，符合句意。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：整个学校迅速团结起来，与塞尔站在了一起。此处应填一个动词做谓语，且时态为一般过去时，在学生组织抗议后，全校的反应是团结一心，united“团结”符合句意。故选K项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他对教育的投入并未就此停止——他继续在世界各地任教，还出版了自己的诗歌，留下了一种关于乐观、创新以及对教育能带来变革的力量的信念的持久影响。空处应填形容词，表示他的影响是具有持续性、长远性的，lasting“持久的”符合句意。故选F项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent years, many employers have begun to prioritize skills over traditional qualifications when evaluating job candidates. This shift aims to ___21___ persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity. ___22___, while skills-based hiring has good intentions, its implementation (实行) often misses the mark. Companies like John Lewis have started to openly share their interview questions aiming to ___23___ the hiring process. Meanwhile, other organizations have abandoned degree requirements or even CVs for specific positions. These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities rather than merely their past experiences. According to Harry Gooding from recruitment firm Hays, the ___24___ of skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight (聚光灯).” A recent survey indicated that 70% of recruitment (招聘) professionals now ___25___ skills assessment over traditional CV analysis. This shift is seen as an opportunity to ___26___ the talent pool and allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs. Despite these positive changes, many initiatives have not produced significant results. Research from the Burning Glass Institute and Harvard Business School reveals that firms adopting skills-based hiring have ___27___ increased their workforce of employees without degrees by an average of 3.5 percentage points. Furthermore, many organizations have just ___28___ their hiring practices without making substantive changes. A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns, even after ___29___ degree requirements. Stephen Chu, chief legal and people officer at Instride, points out that simply dropping degree requirements is ___30___ if hiring teams do not adopt a skills-first strategy. He notes that organizations often unknowingly keep ___31___ alive by continuing to favor degree holders in hiring. Instride faced this issue firsthand, realizing that their hiring practices needed a bigger transformation to truly embrace skills-based recruitment. To effectively implement this approach, employers must integrate skills assessment throughout the hiring process. This can be achieved by developing a skills taxonomy, which is a detailed list of necessary skills for various roles within the organization. This foundational work enables firms to clearly define job requirements and ensures that recruitment standards ___32___ the new focus on skills. Nikolaz Foucaud from Coursera emphasizes that a cultural shift is necessary for skills-based hiring. Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy, and job descriptions must reflect the skills and experiences ___33___ the roles they aim to fill. While skills assessments play a crucial role in recruitment, they should not be applied without careful consideration. Each role requires a careful evaluation of the right ___34___ of skills, experience, and cultural fit. Ultimately, the ___35___ of skills-based hiring depends on a thoughtful and integrated approach, enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent. 21. A. address B. evaluate C. explain D. report 22. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Instead D. However 23. A. design B. extend C. clarify D. control 24. A. cost B. process C. advantage D. essence 25. A. abandon B. define C. emphasize D. submit 26. A. broaden B. approach C. decrease D. classify 27. A. greatly B. only C. similarly D. regularly 28. A. rebranded B. criticised C. described D. discouraged 29. A. satisfying B. discussing C. removing D. understanding 30. A. independent B. insufficient C. insensitive D. inexpensive 31. A. institutions B. preferences C. teamwork D. relationship 32. A. set aside B. look over C. take after D. agree with 33. A. available to B. relevant to C. present in D. different in 34. A. combination B. development C. possibility D. introduction 35. A. trouble B. choice C. price D. success 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章评述了近年来许多雇主在评估求职者时开始更注重技能而非传统资质这一现象及其目的。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变旨在解决长期存在的技能短缺问题，并促进劳动力多元化。A. address设法解决；B. evaluate评估；C. explain解释；D. report报道。根据上文“many employers have begun to prioritize skills”可知，此处表达了新的转变的目的是未来解决技能短缺的问题。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，基于技能的招聘虽用意良好，但其实施往往不尽如人意。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides除此之外；C. Instead而不是；D. However然而。根据上文“persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity”以及下文“miss the mark”可知，此处表示转折。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像约翰・刘易斯这样的公司已经开始公开分享他们的面试问题，旨在使招聘流程更清晰明了。A. design设计；B. extend延长；C. clarify使更清晰易懂；D. control控制。根据下文“These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities”可知，通过公开分享面试问题来让整个招聘过程的相关情况更加清晰，让求职者等相关人员更好理解。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据海斯招聘公司的哈里・古丁的说法，技能型招聘的本质在于“让一个人的技能成为关注焦点”。A. cost费用，成本；B. process过程，工序；C. advantage有利条件；D. essence本质。根据下文“is to “bring a person’s skills into the  limelight.”可知，技能型招聘的本质是让个人技能受到关注。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，如今70% 的招聘专业人员在传统简历分析之上更强调技能评估。A. abandon放弃；B. define下定义；C. emphasize强调；D. submit提交。根据上文“skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the  limelight.””可知，目前招聘人员强调技能评估。故选C项。 26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变被视为一个拓宽人才库的机会，能让来自不同社会经济背景的个人更公平地竞争工作岗位。A. broaden拓宽；B. approach设法处理；C. decrease减少，降低；D. classify分类。根据下文“allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs”可知，让更多不同背景的人有机会参与竞争可以使人才库规模变大。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：布鲁金斯学会下属的燃烧玻璃研究所和哈佛商学院的研究表明，采用技能型招聘的公司仅仅将其无学位员工的劳动力规模平均提高了3.5个百分点。A. greatly非常，极大地；B. only仅仅；C. similarly同样，相似地；D. regularly经常。根据上文“many initiatives have not produced significant results”可知许多举措并未产生显著的成效。此处表示“仅仅将其无学位员工的劳动力规模平均提高了3.5个百分点”。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，许多组织只是对其招聘做法进行了重新包装，而没有做出实质性的改变。A. rebranded重塑；B. criticised批评；C. described描述；D. discouraged使气馁。根据上文“many initiatives have not produced significant results”可知，许多举措并未产生显著的成效，许多组织没有做出实质性的改变，只是在表面做出了改变。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，即使在取消了学历要求之后，仍有45%的公司报告称其招聘模式并没有真正的转变。A. satisfying使满意，满足；B. discussing讨论；C. removing移走，消除；D. understanding理解。根据上文“adopting skills-based hiring”及下文“simply dropping degree requirements”可知，许多组织实施基于技能的招聘，因而取消学历要求。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬・朱，Instride公司的首席法务及人力资源官，指出，如果招聘团队不采用技能优先的策略，仅仅取消学历要求是远远不够的。A. independent独立的；B. insufficient不足的；C. insensitive不敏感的，麻木不仁的；D. inexpensive便宜的。根据上文“A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns”可知，仅取消学历要求这一举措，对于实现有效的招聘变革来说是远远达不到要求的。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，各组织往往会在不知不觉中继续在招聘时偏袒学历持有者，从而使这种偏好继续存在。A. institutions机构；B. preferences偏好；C. teamwork团队合作；D. relationship关系，联系。根据后半句“favoring degree holders” 可知，各组织还是对学历有偏好。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项基础性工作能让公司清晰地界定工作要求，并确保招聘标准与对技能的新关注达成一致。A. set aside留出，搁置；B. look over浏览；C. take after照顾；D. agree with同意，与……一致。根据上文“ensures that recruitment standards”及下文“the new focus on skills”可知，招聘标准要和以技能为关注点的新方向相契合。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：领导者应该采取全面的人才战略，并且岗位描述必须反映出与他们想要填补的岗位相关的技能和经验。A. available to对……可用的；B. relevant to与……相关的；C. present in存在于；D. different in在……方面不同。根据上文“Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy”可知，岗位描述需要呈现出哪些和目标岗位有紧密关联的技能及经验内容。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个岗位都需要对技能、经验和文化契合度的恰当组合进行仔细评估。A. combination结合，联合；B. development发展；C. possibility可能；D. introduction介绍。根据下文“ of skills, experience, and cultural fit”可知，每个岗位要综合考虑多个方面，找到它们之间合适的搭配组合。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，基于技能的招聘能否成功取决于一种深思熟虑且综合全面的方法，这种方法能使各类组织挖掘到更广泛的人才资源。A. trouble麻烦；B. choice选择；C. price价格；D. success成功。根据下文“enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent”可知，这里需要一个名词来表示基于技能招聘这件事达成成功。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Ray Harryhausen was a pioneering figure in special effects, known for his incredible mastery of stop-motion animation. His influence began when he was attracted by the 1933 film King Kong. The film’s innovative use of stop-motion to bring the giant creature to life left a lasting impression on the young Harryhausen, which fueled his desire to pursue a career in special effects. Harryhausen’s work was groundbreaking. He animated small-scale models by photographing them one frame at a time, making slight adjustments to their positions between each shot to give the impression of movement. This process required patience and precision. One of his most famous scenes is in the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts. The heroes fight an army of skeletons. This scene took several months to make, but it is one of the most remarkable achievements in film history. Throughout his career, Harryhausen worked on various films, many of which feature fantastical creatures and exciting action scenes. Films like The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955), and The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (1958) showcased his ability to create lifelike and dynamic creatures in ways that hadn’t been seen before. His monsters seemed to have a life of their own, interacting smoothly with live actors. Despite his significant contributions, Harryhausen never won an Academy Award for his special effects, though his work was beloved by audiences and continues to influence modern filmmakers. He created a unique style of animation that combined imagination and technical skill, inspiring directors like Peter Jackson and George Lucas. Harryhausen’s stop-motion techniques, while less used today due to the rise of computer-generated imagery, remain a landmark of innovative filmmaking. In 1992, Harryhausen was finally awarded a lifetime achievement Oscar, recognizing his mark on the film industry. His work continues to inspire, and although modern technology has evolved, the sense of wonder and creativity he brought to his films endures. 36 Ray Harryhausen’s method can be described as _____. A. filming live-action actors together with a monster-like figure B. displaying models from various angles to show a whole image C. drawing animated characters by hand to reveal their uniqueness D. photographing models frame by frame to make them appear to move 37. Which of the following is a feature of the monsters created by Ray Harryhausen? A. They looked kind and friendly. B. They showed the power of technology. C. They engaged naturally with real actors. D. They were unusual in appearance. 38. The last two paragraphs talk mainly about _____. A. the change in the film industry B. Ray Harryhausen’s career struggles C. the decline of stop-motion animation D. the impact of Ray Harryhausen’s work 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Filmmakers no longer use Ray Harryhausen’s techniques. B. Ray Harryhausen won awards for his groundbreaking work. C. Ray Harryhausen’s work revolutionized special effects in filmmaking. D. Stop-motion animation is one of the oldest techniques in filmmaking history. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈里豪森对定格动画拍摄技术的创新及其对电影拍摄的影响。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Harryhausen’s work was groundbreaking. He animated small-scale models by photographing them one frame at a time, making slight adjustments to their positions between each shot to give the impression of movement. (哈里豪森的工作是开创性的。他通过一帧一帧地拍摄小型模型，并在每次拍摄之间对它们的位置进行轻微调整，以给人一种运动的感觉)”可知，哈里豪森通过逐帧拍摄，微小调整，营造出模型运动的感觉。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“His monsters seemed to have a life of their own, interacting smoothly with live actors. (他的怪兽似乎有自己的生命，与真人演员互动顺畅)”可知，他创造的怪兽角色非常逼真，和真人演员互动顺畅。故选C项。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“He created a unique style of animation that combined imagination and technical skill, inspiring directors like Peter Jackson and George Lucas. Harryhausen’s stop-motion techniques, while less used today due to the rise of computer-generated imagery, remain a landmark of innovative filmmaking. (他创造了一种独特的动画风格，结合了想象力和技术技巧，激励了像彼得·杰克逊和乔治·卢卡斯这样的导演。哈里豪森的定格动画技术，虽然由于计算机生成图像的兴起而很少使用，但仍然是创新电影制作的里程碑)”及第五段“In 1992, Harryhausen was finally awarded a lifetime achievement Oscar, recognizing his mark on the film industry. His work continues to inspire, and although modern technology has evolved, the sense of wonder and creativity he brought to his films endures. (1992年，哈里豪森最终被授予奥斯卡终身成就奖，以表彰他在电影行业的贡献。他的作品不断激发人们的灵感，尽管现代技术已经发展，但他为电影带来的奇迹感和创造力却经久不衰)”可知， 这两段主要介绍了哈里豪森定格动画技术的影响力。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ray Harryhausen was a pioneering figure in special effects, known for his incredible mastery of stop-motion animation. (雷·哈里豪森是特效领域先驱人物，以他对定格动画的惊人精通而闻名)”及第二段“Harryhausen’s work was groundbreaking. He animated small-scale models by photographing them one frame at a time, making slight adjustments to their positions between each shot to give the impression of movement. (哈里豪森的工作是开创性的。他通过一帧一帧地拍摄小型模型，并在每次拍摄之间对它们的位置进行轻微调整，以给人一种运动的感觉)”及第四段“He created a unique style of animation that combined imagination and technical skill, inspiring directors like Peter Jackson and George Lucas. Harryhausen’s stop-motion techniques, while less used today due to the rise of computer-generated imagery, remain a landmark of innovative filmmaking. (他创造了一种独特的动画风格，结合了想象力和技术技巧，激励了像彼得·杰克逊和乔治·卢卡斯这样的导演。哈里豪森的定格动画技术，虽然由于计算机生成图像的兴起而很少使用，但仍然是创新电影制作的里程碑)并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了雷·哈里豪森的拍摄技术给电影制作中的特效制作带来了革命性的改良。故选C项。 (B) When I was 14, I began collecting all the interesting math facts and puzzles that weren’t covered in school into a notebook. This notebook eventually expanded into six volumes. These collections became the basis for my book, Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities. One of the most interesting topics I revisited while writing my book was the “sausage conjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. A conjecture is a theory that mathematicians believe could be true but hasn’t been proven or disproven yet. The sausage conjecture is about finding the most efficient way to wrap circles or spheres. For example, if you wrap a string tightly around several identical circles laid out on a flat surface, the conjecture explores which arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. Mathematicians have long studied how to pack objects tightly. For instance, it took nearly 400 years to prove that stacking oranges in hexagonal layers is the most compact form in three dimensions. However, this area of math isn’t fully resolved, especially when considering more than three dimensions or different shapes. Consider a simple situation: if you were to wrap a ribbon around six flat, circular pies, you would find that placing the pies in a straight line (forming a “sausage” shape with the string) covers the smallest area. But if you wrap seven pies, a hexagonal layout with one pie in the center touching the others is more space-efficient. This pattern holds true for up to six circles; a linear layout is best. But for seven or more, a rounder arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. This has been proven mathematically for up to six circles. The problem becomes even more complex with spheres. For wrapping 56 or fewer identical spheres, a sausage-shaped arrangement minimizes the volume inside the wrapping. With 57 spheres, a compact shape is better, as it balances thinness with volume. This too is a proven theorem. 40. What does a conjecture in mathematics refer to? A. A fully proven mathematical theorem. B. A theory that has been proven incorrect. C. A theory that might be true but hasn’t been proven yet. D. A mathematical rule used for solving algebraic problems. 41. According to the passage, how should six flat, circular items be arranged to minimize the area enclosed by a string? A. B. C. D. 42. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To explain a complex mathematical theory in detail. B. To detail the author’s personal history and achievements. C. To introduce a collection of mathematical wonders in a book. D. To promote a proper way of discussing mathematical challenges. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个复杂的数学理论——香肠猜想。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A conjecture is a theory that mathematicians believe could be true but hasn’t been proven or disproven yet. (猜想是数学家认为可能是正确的理论，但尚未被证明或证伪。)”可知，数学中的猜想指的是这一理论可能是正确的，但尚未得到证实。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Consider a simple situation: if you were to wrap a ribbon around six flat, circular pies, you would find that placing the pies in a straight line (forming a “sausage” shape with the string) covers the smallest area. (考虑一个简单的情况：如果你用丝带缠绕六个扁平的圆形馅饼，你会发现把馅饼放在一条直线上（用绳子形成一个“香肠”形状）覆盖的面积最小。)”可知，六个扁平的圆形物品放在一条直线上时覆盖的面积最小。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the most interesting topics I revisited while writing my book was the “sausage conjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. (在写书的过程中，我重新审视了一个最有趣的话题，那就是“香肠猜想”，这是一个独特的数学挑战。)”及后文对该理论的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是详细解释一个复杂的数学理论。故选A项。 (C) It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked. Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming. The rocks and fossils (化石) in the geological record bear witness to these processes, showing us that Earth’s climate has changed continually since the planet formed around 4.6 million years ago. This same record also shows that atmospheric CO2 is at its highest level in at least the past 3 million years, and that the current pace of planetary warming is never before seen in Earth’s history. The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it. There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels. Now, more than ever, our discipline needs to fully adopt the concept of “sustainable geoscience”. This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To name just a couple of examples, geologists study the origin, natural transportation and behaviour of pollutants like arsenic and lead, critical to the provision of safe and reliable water supplies, and they explore the origin of natural hazards such as landslides and earthquakes, and so help strengthen communities across the world. But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face. Students of geology should be made aware of the broader contributions their multidisciplinary skill set can make to global well-being, beyond just energy provision — although ensuring energy supply, we should not forget, underpins many of the Sustainable Development Goals. 43. The examples of volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks are intended to _____. A. demonstrate what geological activities geologists mainly study B. highlight the importance of studying volcanic activity in geology C. illustrate the enormous and destructive power of geological processes D. show the dynamic interactions between geological activities and climate 44. In the sentence “There is an irony to that”, the irony refers to _____. A. the profession’s role in both causing and solving global warming B. sustainable geoscience’s unexpected popularity across various fields C. the disagreement between geological records and current climate models D. geologists’ focus on energy provision which goes against their original goal 45. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Energy supply is in critical shortage. B. Geologists are able to work across various fields. C. Pollutants spread far and wide due to modern transportation. D. Fossil fuel exploitation does not contribute to climate change. 46. What is the main point the author is making in the passage? A. Geologists primarily study rocks to understand Earth’s climate. B. Climate models are often inaccurate without the geological record. C. Geology is crucial for addressing global challenges beyond the study of rocks. D. The field of geology focuses on exploiting fossil fuels and studying climate change. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming.(地球表面和地下岩石、大气、海洋和冰盖以及所有这些地方的生命之间存在着许多复杂的物理和化学联系和反馈。火山爆发将地球深处的碳带到地表和空气中，增强了温室效应。相比之下，地表裸露岩石的风化和海洋中成壳动物的活动会从大气中去除二氧化碳，从而减缓全球变暖)”可知，火山爆发和岩石风化的例子旨在说明地质活动与气候之间的动态相互作用。故选D。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it.(地质记录还可以用来评估用于预测未来气候及其对地球宜居性影响的复杂数值模型的准确性。地质学提高了我们对全球变暖的认识，并有望帮助我们减少全球变暖)”以及倒数第三段“There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels.(具有讽刺意味的是，地质学家在寻找和开采气候变暖的化石燃料方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，在“There is a irony to that”这句话中，讽刺的是这个行业在造成和解决全球变暖方面所扮演的角色。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.(这不是一个新想法，也不局限于气候变化。通过查看联合国可持续发展目标，我们可以看到地质学在解决一些最大的社会挑战方面做出了许多不同的历史贡献)”以及最后一段“But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face.(但是，地质学家必须加倍与其他科学家和政治家合作，制定并最终帮助应用解决方案来应对我们面临的许多环境和资源挑战)”可知，地质学家能够在不同的领域工作。故选B。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked.(认为地质学“只”与岩石有关是一种普遍的误解。诚然，地质学家们接受的训练是通过解读岩石来了解地球的过去、现在和可能的未来的结构和演化。但是，正如我将在今年的皇家学会圣诞讲座中解释的那样，地质过程和气候是紧密相连的)”结合文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。可知，作者在文章中想表达的主要观点是地质学对于解决岩石研究以外的全球挑战至关重要。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Call of Alcohol People’s reactions to alcohol can vary widely—from those who enjoy it greatly to those who find it unappealing. The difference, as scientists are discovering, may not just be a matter of personal choice but also deeply rooted in genetics and physiological responses. A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends. _____47_____ Researchers discovered that their levels of a hormone called FGF21, which typically helps regulate metabolism (新陈代谢), more than doubled. Interestingly, this hormone might also play a role in controlling alcohol intake. FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar. _____48_____ This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking. But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much. _____49_____ In human studies, variations in the FGF21 gene have been linked to differences in alcohol consumption. Those with one variant are more likely to drink heavily, while others with a different variant are more likely to drink moderately or even drink nothing. These genetic insights are part of a broader effort to reveal the complex relationship between our biology and drinking behavior. _____50_____ If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological. A. But whatever happens, we are still left with the discovery that our livers influence our behaviour in unexpected ways. B. But, so far, research had only shown that it just works for a short period of time. C. FGF21 could have evolved as a protective response to lessen this damage by reducing the desire to drink more. D. The implications of this research are significant. E. They took part in a three-day drinking marathon—not just for fun, but as part of a study on the effects of heavy drinking. F. When animals are genetically modified to produce higher levels of FGF21, they show a decreased preference for alcohol and sweetened food. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因和激素，特别是激素FGF21在酒精摄入和代谢中的影响，以及这些发现对治疗酗酒具有的重要意义。 【47题详解】 “A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends.(一个引人入胜的案例是Lars Igum Rasmussen和他的朋友们)”说明Lars Igum Rasmussen和他的朋友们的一个有趣案例，空处顺接前文，具体描述这个案例的内容。E项中的They指代前文中的“Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends”，说明他们参与了一项为期三天的饮酒马拉松研究，这与前文提到的案例自然衔接。所以E项“他们参加了为期三天的饮酒马拉松比赛，这不仅是为了好玩，也是关于酗酒影响的研究的一部分。”符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 上文“FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar.(FGF21主要在肝脏中产生，但其作用延伸到大脑，在那里它似乎在调节对酒精和糖的欲望中发挥作用)”以及下文“This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking.(这一发现为开发针对FGF21途径的治疗方法以减少酗酒开辟了新的可能性)”说明FGF21在调节酒精摄入方面的作用。F项“当动物经过基因改造以产生更高水平的FGF21时，它们对酒精和甜食的偏好会降低。”符合语境，该项中提供了实验动物中FGF21水平增加后对酒精和甜食偏好的减少情况，这正好补充了FGF21作用于控制酒精摄入的论点，而下文中的This finding指代了F项中的“实验的结果”。故选F。 【49题详解】 上文“But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much.(但是，为什么一种进化来控制新陈代谢的激素也会影响饮酒量呢？有一种理论认为，这可能与我们的进化历史有关。早期人类经常食用发酵食品和饮料，如果摄入过多，可能会损害肝脏)”说明在进化过程中，摄入过多的发酵食品和饮料，会对肝脏造成损坏。空处和前文形成转折关系，说明肝脏调节新陈代谢方面的作用。A项的But为转折连词，而“our livers”和上文中的“the liver”相呼应，所以A项“但无论发生什么，我们仍然发现我们的肝脏以意想不到的方式影响我们的行为。”符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 下文“If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological.(如果FGF21或类似途径可用于治疗目的，则有可能帮助患有酒精依赖症的人。这也可以为理解我们的器官（如肝脏）如何影响传统上被认为纯粹是心理的行为提供新的途径)”说明研究的意义以及未来可能的应用方向。所以D项“这项研究的意义重大。”适合作本段的主旨句。故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.  Let the Youth Speak Up The Global Youth Empowerment Foundation (GYEF) is a leading organization that helps young people share their ideas and solutions for a better world. This group is especially important today, as it helps young people get involved in making changes in areas like the economy, society, and the environment. Their main project, “Voices of Tomorrow,” invites young people from different places to come up with creative ways to solve big global issues. For example, Anna Dobrenkov from Russia suggested creating a digital link between countries to share new ideas and business opportunities. This idea came from seeing how technology can bring people and countries closer together. The “Voices of Tomorrow” effort is part of a bigger project called the Global Development Exchange (GDX), which aims to meet sustainable development goals. It has inspired young people from more than 60 countries to propose ideas for things like environmental technology and better healthcare. Yu Yunquan, a leader in world studies, stressed the value of young people taking part in world decision-making, encouraging them to share their fresh thoughts and creativity. Damaris Carlos from Peru made an impactful proposal based on her community’s health challenges, emphasizing the need for countries to work together more closely in health matters. The campaign also focuses on reducing the digital gap, pushing for platforms that allow young people to fight for change and share their stories. Recently, they talked about creating a cloud-based healthcare system to help countries share medical resources, showing GYEF’s belief in working together for better growth and support. In short, GYEF and “Voices of Tomorrow” show how young people’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead to a world that’s more fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders to imagine a world where progress and equality are real. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The Global Youth Empowerment Foundation encourages young people worldwide to find solutions for big challenges through its “Voices of Tomorrow” project. It focuses on technology, sustainability, and healthcare, showing the importance of young voices in creating a better, and more connected world. This initiative proves that youth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，全球青年赋权基金会鼓励世界各地的年轻人通过“明日之声”项目寻找应对重大挑战的解决方案。它侧重于技术、可持续性和医疗保健，展示了年轻人的声音在创造一个更美好、更互联的世界中的重要性。这一倡议证明，青年的想法可以在实现公平和可持续的未来方面发挥真正的作用。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The Global Youth Empowerment Foundation (GYEF) is a leading organization that helps young people share their ideas and solutions for a better world. Their main project, “Voices of Tomorrow,” invites young people from different places to come up with creative ways to solve big global issues. ②It has inspired young people from more than 60 countries to propose ideas for things like environmental technology and better healthcare. ③The campaign also focuses on reducing the digital gap, pushing for platforms that allow young people to fight for change and share their stories. Recently, they talked about creating a cloud-based healthcare system to help countries share medical resources, showing GYEF’s belief in working together for better growth and support. ④In short, GYEF and “Voices of Tomorrow” show how young people’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead to a world that’s more fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders to imagine a world where progress and equality are real. 2.缜密构思 将第1，4两个要点进行精简，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The Global Youth Empowerment Foundation inspires young people worldwide to find solutions for big challenges through its “Voices of Tomorrow” programme It concentrated on technology, sustainability, and healthcare, showing the importance of young voices in creating a better, more connected world. This initiative justifies that youth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It focuses on technology, sustainability, and healthcare, showing the importance of young voices in creating a better, more connected world.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段和第四段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] This initiative proves that youth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达高级。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The new policy is as beneficial to the employees as it is to the company. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，表示“这项新政策”应用名词the new policy，表示“对……大有裨益”应用短语be beneficial to; 表示“对员工和公司都大有裨益”可以理解为“对员工和公司一样大有裨益”，员工应用可数名词复数形式employees，公司表示特指使用the company；“和……一样”应用形容词的同级比较结构as adj as, 第二个as后的部分可省略与前一部分相同的形容词beneficial，即as it is to the company。故翻译为The new policy is as beneficial to the employees as it is to the company.。 53. 无论游玩还是学习，孩子和家长都能在这里各取所需。（whether）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether playing or studying, both children and parents can get what they want here. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定表达、从句、时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，描述客观事实，该句应用一般现在时，用“whether...or...”结构表示“无论……还是……”，“游玩”翻译为“play”，“学习”翻译为“study”，参与行为的主语是“孩子和家长”，在逻辑上与动词“游玩”和“学习”关系为主动，故用现在分词playing和studying作状语，“孩子和家长都能在这里各取所需”为主句，“孩子和家长”翻译为“both children and parents”，“能”翻译为“can”，“各取所需”翻译为“get what they want”，what引导宾语从句，“在这里”翻译为“here”，置于句末。故翻译为：Whether playing or studying, both children and parents can get what they want here. 54. 这幢大厦建成已有半个多世纪，一直是上海的城市地标。(serve) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This building has been standing for over half a century, serving as a landmark in Shanghai. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词和时态。“这幢大厦”用名词短语this building作主语，“建成已有半个多世纪”即表示“已经矗立了半个多世纪，还会继续矗立下去”，用现在完成进行时，表示为“has been standing ”，“半个多世纪”表示为for over half a century作时间状语，“一直是上海的城市地标”用现在分词作状语，表示为serving as a landmark in Shanghai，其中serve as表示“充当，充任”。故译为This building has been standing for over half a century, serving as a landmark in Shanghai. 55. 心怀对中国历史和哲学的崇敬之情，有朝一日去中国看看成为这位希腊作家的梦想。(dream of) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Inspired by a deep admiration for Chinese history and philosophy, this Greek writer dreams of visiting China one day. 【解析】 【详解】非谓语动词、动词时态和动名词短语。句子的主语“这位希腊作家”翻译为this Greek writer，谓语“梦想”翻译为dreams of，表示经常性的动作，用一般现在时，且主语为单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式dreams of，宾语“去中国看看”翻译为动名词短语visiting China，时间状语“有朝一日”译为one day；“心怀对中国历史和哲学的崇敬之情”是原因状语，“心怀……”可理解为“被……所激励”，用过去分词inspired by作状语，与其逻辑主语this Greek writer构成被动关系，“对中国历史和哲学的崇敬之情”作介词宾语，翻译为a deep admiration for Chinese history and philosophy。综上，全句译为：Inspired by a deep admiration for Chinese history and philosophy, this Greek writer dreams of visiting China one day. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校开展了一个主题为“绿色交通日”的环保项目。写一封信给你的美国笔友Alice，介绍这个环保项目。内容须包括： 1) 项目的具体内容和目的； 2) 项目对你和同学们的影响； 3) 邀请Alice分享她的学校是否有类似的环保活动。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Alice, I hope this letter finds you well. I’m excited to tell you about an environmental project that our school recently launched called the “Green Transportation Day.” The project aims to promote eco-friendly commuting by encouraging students and staff to walk, cycle, or use public transportation at least once a week. It not only helps reduce our carbon footprint but also raises awareness about the importance of sustainable living. This initiative has had a positive impact on me and my classmates. We’ve become more conscious of our daily transportation choices and are more committed to protecting our environment. It’s great to see everyone actively participating and discussing ways to contribute more. I wonder if your school has organized similar environmental activities? I’d love to hear more about it! Looking forward to your reply. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给你的美国笔友Alice，介绍学校开展的主题为“绿色交通日”的环保项目。 【详解】1.词汇积累 促进：promote→enhance 重要性：importance→significance 影响：impact→effect 活动：activity→event 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The project aims to promote eco-friendly commuting by encouraging students and staff to walk, cycle, or use public transportation at least once a week. 拓展句：The project, which aims to promote eco-friendly commuting, encourages students and staff to walk, cycle, or use public transportation at least once a week. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m excited to tell you about an environmental project that our school recently launched called the “Green Transportation Day.”（运用了that引导的限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I wonder if your school has organized similar environmental activities? （运用了if引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 闵行实验中学 2024 学年第一学期 高三年级 期中考试 英语试卷 （考试时间：105 分钟 满分：115 分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Unique Summer School Every spring, Alexandra Jones, founder of Archaeology in the Community, goes to St. Croix and talks to kids at the Caribbean Center for Boys and Girls. She leads the youth field program. Jones describes what the Estate Little Princess Archaeological Field School does at the Estate Little Princess and explains ___1___ kids can take part. Any girl or boy, ages 12 and up, from anywhere on the island can apply, as long as they belong to the Center for Boys and Girls. The program lasts a week and takes ___2___ maximum of 15 kids. About half are middle schoolers. Later that summer, Jones and the group of kids begin their week at the Estate Little Princess. The archaeologists (考古学家) are working in the area ___3___ the enslaved people’s village once stood. In 1786, 127 enslaved Africans lived in 53 houses there. Today, their homes are long gone. Jones explains, “For the most part the enslaved village area is overgrown with vegetation, ___4___ (make) it extremely difficult to survey and unearth.” This is where the kids work, side-by-side with the archaeologists, ___5___ (uncover) the past. On the kids’ first day, Jones teaches students what archaeology is and how artifacts, objects made and used by people in the past, ___6___ (put) into groups. They’ll classify what they find ___7___ the material the objects were made from - glass, pottery, bone, and so on. The kids go to the site and watch the archaeologists at work. That way, they can see what the jobs look like as they ___8___ (happen). Jones divides the kids into two groups. Some will be at the site, while others are in the lab. The kids start work on the second day. The group at the site excavates (挖掘): they dig through the dirt, sift it, and place what they find into artifact bags. The group at the lab wash, classify, and record the artifacts so the archaeologists can study them later. “The kids love it!” Jones says. “Each has something they’re drawn to, ___9___ it’s being the first to find something that hasn’t been touched in 80 to 100 years, or being the first person to wash it or see it ___10___ (wash), so they can really get a good view of what it is.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. angered B. collection C. connection D. demanding E. dismissal F. lasting G. pessimism H. reputation I. unconventional J. underachieving K. united Stepney Words Chris Searle’s journey as a teacher at Sir John Cass Secondary School in Stepney, East London, began in 1970. He was driven by a strong ___11___ to the area and a progressive vision for education. Having completed a postgraduate thesis (论文) on Isaac Rosenberg, a poet from the East End, Searle saw Stepney as a place filled with potential, in spite of its ___12___ as a hopeless community. He believed that education, particularly through poetry, could transform the lives of his students, many of whom came from low-income, high-risk backgrounds. Searle’s ___13___ approach conflicted with the traditional views of the school’s governors and teachers. At a time when discipline was harsh and students were often regarded as troublemakers, Searle viewed these ___14___ teenagers as individuals with untapped potential. He believed that poetry could unlock their creativity and help them express their experiences, offering them a sense of hope and purpose. His belief in poetry’s power materialized in the creation of Stepney Words, a collection of his students’ poems. Despite the ___15___ from some staff who thought his methods too liberal, the poems gained attention, and some of them were even published in The Sun newspaper by March 1971. The ___16___ gave the students a voice, but it also drew criticism from school officials who thought the poems were “too gloomy.” Searle’s progressive ideals led to his ___17___ from the school. However, his students, ___18___ by the decision, organized a protest led by 16-year-old Zenaida de la Cruz. The entire school quickly ___19___, standing together with Searle. On his return to the school, he found 800 students standing outside the gates in the rain, showing their support. Though the government eventually allowed him to return, he decided to leave the school in 1974. His commitment to education did not end there — he continued to teach around the world and published his own poetry, leaving behind a(n) ___20___ impact of optimism, innovation, and faith in the power of education to bring about change. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent years many employers have begun to prioritize skills over traditional qualifications when evaluating job candidates. This shift aims to ___21___ persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity. ___22___, while skills-based hiring has good intentions, its implementation (实行) often misses the mark. Companies like John Lewis have started to openly share their interview questions, aiming to ___23___ the hiring process. Meanwhile, other organizations have abandoned degree requirements or even CVs for specific positions. These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities rather than merely their past experiences. According to Harry Gooding from recruitment firm Hays, the ___24___ of skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight (聚光灯).” A recent survey indicated that 70% of recruitment (招聘) professionals now ___25___ skills assessment over traditional CV analysis. This shift is seen as an opportunity to ___26___ the talent pool and allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs. Despite these positive changes, many initiatives have not produced significant results. Research from the Burning Glass Institute and Harvard Business School reveals that firms adopting skills-based hiring have ___27___ increased their workforce of employees without degrees by an average of 3.5 percentage points. Furthermore, many organizations have just ___28___ their hiring practices without making substantive changes. A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns, even after ___29___ degree requirements. Stephen Chu, chief legal and people officer at Instride, points out that simply dropping degree requirements is ___30___ if hiring teams do not adopt a skills-first strategy. He notes that organizations often unknowingly keep ___31___ alive by continuing to favor degree holders in hiring. Instride faced this issue firsthand, realizing that their hiring practices needed a bigger transformation to truly embrace skills-based recruitment. To effectively implement this approach, employers must integrate skills assessment throughout the hiring process. This can be achieved by developing a skills taxonomy, which is a detailed list of necessary skills for various roles within the organization. This foundational work enables firms to clearly define job requirements and ensures that recruitment standards ___32___ the new focus on skills. Nikolaz Foucaud from Coursera emphasizes that a cultural shift is necessary for skills-based hiring. Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy, and job descriptions must reflect the skills and experiences ___33___ the roles they aim to fill. While skills assessments play a crucial role in recruitment, they should not be applied without careful consideration. Each role requires a careful evaluation of the right ___34___ of skills, experience, and cultural fit. Ultimately, the ___35___ of skills-based hiring depends on a thoughtful and integrated approach, enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent. 21. A. address B. evaluate C. explain D. report 22. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Instead D. However 23. A. design B. extend C. clarify D. control 24. A. cost B. process C. advantage D. essence 25. A. abandon B. define C. emphasize D. submit 26. A. broaden B. approach C. decrease D. classify 27. A. greatly B. only C. similarly D. regularly 28. A. rebranded B. criticised C. described D. discouraged 29. A. satisfying B. discussing C. removing D. understanding 30. A. independent B. insufficient C. insensitive D. inexpensive 31. A. institutions B. preferences C. teamwork D. relationship 32. A. set aside B. look over C. take after D. agree with 33. A. available to B. relevant to C. present in D. different in 34. A. combination B. development C. possibility D. introduction 35. A. trouble B. choice C. price D. success Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Ray Harryhausen was a pioneering figure in special effects, known for his incredible mastery of stop-motion animation. His influence began when he was attracted by the 1933 film King Kong. The film’s innovative use of stop-motion to bring the giant creature to life left a lasting impression on the young Harryhausen, which fueled his desire to pursue a career in special effects. Harryhausen’s work was groundbreaking. He animated small-scale models by photographing them one frame at a time, making slight adjustments to their positions between each shot to give the impression of movement. This process required patience and precision. One of his most famous scenes is in the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts. The heroes fight an army of skeletons. This scene took several months to make, but it is one of the most remarkable achievements in film history. Throughout his career, Harryhausen worked on various films, many of which feature fantastical creatures and exciting action scenes. Films like The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955), and The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad (1958) showcased his ability to create lifelike and dynamic creatures in ways that hadn’t been seen before. His monsters seemed to have a life of their own, interacting smoothly with live actors. Despite his significant contributions, Harryhausen never won an Academy Award for his special effects, though his work was beloved by audiences and continues to influence modern filmmakers. He created a unique style of animation that combined imagination and technical skill, inspiring directors like Peter Jackson and George Lucas. Harryhausen’s stop-motion techniques, while less used today due to the rise of computer-generated imagery, remain a landmark of innovative filmmaking. In 1992, Harryhausen was finally awarded a lifetime achievement Oscar, recognizing his mark on the film industry. His work continues to inspire, and although modern technology has evolved, the sense of wonder and creativity he brought to his films endures. 36. Ray Harryhausen’s method can be described as _____. A filming live-action actors together with a monster-like figure B. displaying models from various angles to show a whole image C. drawing animated characters by hand to reveal their uniqueness D. photographing models frame by frame to make them appear to move 37. Which of the following is a feature of the monsters created by Ray Harryhausen? A. They looked kind and friendly. B. They showed the power of technology. C. They engaged naturally with real actors. D. They were unusual in appearance. 38. The last two paragraphs talk mainly about _____. A. the change in the film industry B. Ray Harryhausen’s career struggles C. the decline of stop-motion animation D. the impact of Ray Harryhausen’s work 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Filmmakers no longer use Ray Harryhausen’s techniques. B Ray Harryhausen won awards for his groundbreaking work. C. Ray Harryhausen’s work revolutionized special effects in filmmaking. D. Stop-motion animation is one of the oldest techniques in filmmaking history. (B) When I was 14, I began collecting all the interesting math facts and puzzles that weren’t covered in school into a notebook. This notebook eventually expanded into six volumes. These collections became the basis for my book, Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities. One of the most interesting topics I revisited while writing my book was the “sausage conjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. A conjecture is a theory that mathematicians believe could be true but hasn’t been proven or disproven yet. The sausage conjecture is about finding the most efficient way to wrap circles or spheres. For example, if you wrap a string tightly around several identical circles laid out on a flat surface, the conjecture explores which arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. Mathematicians have long studied how to pack objects tightly. For instance, it took nearly 400 years to prove that stacking oranges in hexagonal layers is the most compact form in three dimensions. However, this area of math isn’t fully resolved, especially when considering more than three dimensions or different shapes. Consider a simple situation: if you were to wrap a ribbon around six flat, circular pies, you would find that placing the pies in a straight line (forming a “sausage” shape with the string) covers the smallest area. But if you wrap seven pies, a hexagonal layout with one pie in the center touching the others is more space-efficient. This pattern holds true for up to six circles; a linear layout is best. But for seven or more, a rounder arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. This has been proven mathematically for up to six circles. The problem becomes even more complex with spheres. For wrapping 56 or fewer identical spheres, a sausage-shaped arrangement minimizes the volume inside the wrapping. With 57 spheres, a compact shape is better, as it balances thinness with volume. This too is a proven theorem. 40. What does a conjecture in mathematics refer to? A. A fully proven mathematical theorem. B. A theory that has been proven incorrect. C. A theory that might be true but hasn’t been proven yet. D A mathematical rule used for solving algebraic problems. 41. According to the passage, how should six flat, circular items be arranged to minimize the area enclosed by a string? A. B. C. D. 42. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To explain a complex mathematical theory in detail. B. To detail the author’s personal history and achievements. C. To introduce a collection of mathematical wonders in a book. D. To promote a proper way of discussing mathematical challenges. (C) It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked. Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming. The rocks and fossils (化石) in the geological record bear witness to these processes, showing us that Earth’s climate has changed continually since the planet formed around 4.6 million years ago. This same record also shows that atmospheric CO2 is at its highest level in at least the past 3 million years, and that the current pace of planetary warming is never before seen in Earth’s history. The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it. There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels. Now, more than ever, our discipline needs to fully adopt the concept of “sustainable geoscience”. This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To name just a couple of examples, geologists study the origin, natural transportation and behaviour of pollutants like arsenic and lead, critical to the provision of safe and reliable water supplies, and they explore the origin of natural hazards such as landslides and earthquakes, and so help strengthen communities across the world. But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face. Students of geology should be made aware of the broader contributions their multidisciplinary skill set can make to global well-being, beyond just energy provision — although ensuring energy supply, we should not forget, underpins many of the Sustainable Development Goals. 43. The examples of volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks are intended to _____. A. demonstrate what geological activities geologists mainly study B. highlight the importance of studying volcanic activity in geology C. illustrate the enormous and destructive power of geological processes D. show the dynamic interactions between geological activities and climate 44. In the sentence “There is an irony to that”, the irony refers to _____. A. the profession’s role in both causing and solving global warming B. sustainable geoscience’s unexpected popularity across various fields C. the disagreement between geological records and current climate models D. geologists’ focus on energy provision which goes against their original goal 45 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Energy supply is in critical shortage. B. Geologists are able to work across various fields. C. Pollutants spread far and wide due to modern transportation. D. Fossil fuel exploitation does not contribute to climate change. 46. What is the main point the author is making in the passage? A. Geologists primarily study rocks to understand Earth’s climate. B. Climate models are often inaccurate without the geological record. C. Geology is crucial for addressing global challenges beyond the study of rocks. D. The field of geology focuses on exploiting fossil fuels and studying climate change. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Call of Alcohol People’s reactions to alcohol can vary widely—from those who enjoy it greatly to those who find it unappealing. The difference, as scientists are discovering, may not just be a matter of personal choice but also deeply rooted in genetics and physiological responses. A fascinating case is that of Lars Igum Rasmussen and his friends. _____47_____ Researchers discovered that their levels of a hormone called FGF21, which typically helps regulate metabolism (新陈代谢), more than doubled. Interestingly, this hormone might also play a role in controlling alcohol intake. FGF21 is primarily produced in the liver (肝), but its effects extend to the brain, where it seems to play a role in regulating desires for alcohol and sugar. _____48_____ This finding opens up new possibilities for developing treatments targeting FGF21 pathways to reduce heavy drinking. But why would a hormone that evolved to control metabolism also affect alcohol consumption? One theory suggests it might be tied to our evolutionary past. Early humans frequently consumed fermented (发酵的) foods and drinks, which could damage the liver if consumed too much. _____49_____ In human studies, variations in the FGF21 gene have been linked to differences in alcohol consumption. Those with one variant are more likely to drink heavily, while others with a different variant are more likely to drink moderately or even drink nothing. These genetic insights are part of a broader effort to reveal the complex relationship between our biology and drinking behavior. _____50_____ If FGF21 or similar pathways can be used for treatment purposes, it might become possible to help individuals struggling with alcohol dependence. This could also provide new avenues for understanding how our organs, like the liver, influence behaviors traditionally considered purely psychological. A. But whatever happens, we are still left with the discovery that our livers influence our behaviour in unexpected ways. B. But, so far, research had only shown that it just works for a short period of time. C. FGF21 could have evolved as a protective response to lessen this damage by reducing the desire to drink more. D. The implications of this research are significant. E. They took part in a three-day drinking marathon—not just for fun, but as part of a study on the effects of heavy drinking. F. When animals are genetically modified to produce higher levels of FGF21, they show a decreased preference for alcohol and sweetened food. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.  Let the Youth Speak Up The Global Youth Empowerment Foundation (GYEF) is a leading organization that helps young people share their ideas and solutions for a better world. This group is especially important today, as it helps young people get involved in making changes in areas like the economy, society, and the environment. Their main project, “Voices of Tomorrow,” invites young people from different places to come up with creative ways to solve big global issues. For example, Anna Dobrenkov from Russia suggested creating a digital link between countries to share new ideas and business opportunities. This idea came from seeing how technology can bring people and countries closer together. The “Voices of Tomorrow” effort is part of a bigger project called the Global Development Exchange (GDX), which aims to meet sustainable development goals. It has inspired young people from more than 60 countries to propose ideas for things like environmental technology and better healthcare. Yu Yunquan, a leader in world studies, stressed the value of young people taking part in world decision-making, encouraging them to share their fresh thoughts and creativity. Damaris Carlos from Peru made an impactful proposal based on her community’s health challenges, emphasizing the need for countries to work together more closely in health matters. The campaign also focuses on reducing the digital gap, pushing for platforms that allow young people to fight for change and share their stories. Recently, they talked about creating a cloud-based healthcare system to help countries share medical resources, showing GYEF’s belief in working together for better growth and support. In short, GYEF and “Voices of Tomorrow” show how young people’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead to a world that’s more fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders to imagine a world where progress and equality are real. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 53. 无论游玩还是学习，孩子和家长都能在这里各取所需。（whether）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这幢大厦建成已有半个多世纪，一直是上海的城市地标。(serve) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 55. 心怀对中国历史和哲学的崇敬之情，有朝一日去中国看看成为这位希腊作家的梦想。(dream of) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校开展了一个主题为“绿色交通日”的环保项目。写一封信给你的美国笔友Alice，介绍这个环保项目。内容须包括： 1) 项目的具体内容和目的； 2) 项目对你和同学们的影响； 3) 邀请Alice分享她的学校是否有类似的环保活动。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$