专题04阅读理解议论文-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末复习专项突破精题精选（人教版2019）

专题04阅读理解议论文 （一） （22-23高二上·河北唐山·期末）In a recent staff meeting, my colleagues and I discussed ways to alleviate the current stress our 11th-grade students were feeling. I offered a successful strategy that I use for organizing work in the classroom-negotiating (协商) due dates. The assistant replied, “Yes, a good idea, being flexible with due dates.” Flexible? That was not the word I used, and to me, those two words are not interchangeable; flexibility and negotiation are not the same thing. Being flexible can help decrease stress and anxiety in the classroom. It shows willingness on the part of the teacher to listen, engage in conversation with students, and shift and adapt when possible. But the balance of power has not really changed. The student still needs to ask for permission, which may or may not be given. In a week when my work seems manageable, I may be feeling generous, but in a week when my workload is high, I may be less likely to lean toward flexibility. So flexibility might mean an extra hour, half a day, or a few days. In either case the student has no power. In many ways, by the time students reach the stage of having to ask, it’s too late. The stress has already increased, and students are placed in a position where they may make poor decisions, like cutting classes, to get some extra time. Negotiation is different. It happens at the beginning of the process and is a proactive (先行一步的) approach that encourages shared ownership, an acceptance of equal responsibility. Negotiating brings the teacher and students together to address the issue equally. The date by which work will be done is a question for all, but the student does need to do the work, and the teacher needs to assess it. There are competing needs and schedules and workloads. Sometimes even the smallest things are worth considering carefully. In teaching, there is nothing small. As a teacher, I usually self-reflect my practice, and strengthen my practice. 1．What does the author think of the assistant’s reply? A．It is a convincing statement. B．It is a wrong interpretation. C．It is a detailed description. D．It is a positive response. 2．What is the author’s opinion of being flexible? A．It makes the students feel free. B．It is a win-win choice in class. C．It is a strategy to remove stress. D．It allows the teacher the final say. 3．How does negotiation work according to the author? A．By encouraging competition among students. B．By helping teachers assess their responsibility. C．By creating harmony and equality in the class. D．By providing a way to reduce students’ workload. 4．What can we infer about the author from the text? A．He is expert at arguing with others. B．He is committed to his teaching work. C．He is worried about the current education. D．He is doubtful about the assistant’s ability. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是灵活性和协商对学生课堂上的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“That was not the word I used, and to me, those two words are not interchangeable; flexibility and negotiation are not the same thing.(我用的不是这个词，对我来说，这两个词是不可互换的；灵活性和谈判不是一回事)”可知，作者认为助手的回答是一个错误的理解。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The student still needs to ask for permission, which may or may not be given.(学生仍然需要获得许可，而许可可能会得到，也可能不会得到)”可知，作者对灵活的看法是它让老师有最后的发言权。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Negotiating brings the teacher and students together to address the issue equally.(谈判使教师和学生走到一起，平等地解决问题)”可知，谈判通过在课堂上创造和谐和平等来起作用，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As a teacher, I usually self-reflect my practice, and strengthen my practice.(作为一名教师，我经常反省自己的实践，加强自己的实践)”可推知，作者致力于他的教学工作。故选B。 （二） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history. When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White people’s enjoyment and benefits. That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African. Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had some talented African filmmakers across the continent. Today things are changing fast. Companies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife. 5．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare? A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners. C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife. 6．What message does the cut of my interview convey? A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British. C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities. 7．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa. B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making. C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones. D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making. 8．What is the purpose of the author writing the text? A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected. B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife. C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners. D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文解释了从历史角度看非洲野生动物制片人以及拍摄者遭受到西方社会的偏见，同时指出在当今快速发展的时代，非洲野生动物电影人应该不断崛起，利用本地特色的故事资源，讲好非洲大陆的故事，呼吁非洲本地人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When the colonialists ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters.(当殖民主义者统治非洲时，他们控制了非洲大陆的野生动物和其他自然资源。他们视非洲野生动物为“大买卖”，非洲大陆的第一个自然保护区是为了白人猎人的利益而赶走当地人而建立的野生动物保护区。)”可知，考虑到历史因素，非洲大陆的野生动物和其他的历史资源在西方人眼中是巨大的利益，而当地非洲人保护野生动物的兴趣很少被考虑到，因为非洲野生动物电影拍摄者很少是因为非洲摄影者很少被西方人所考虑到即西方人掌控者拍摄非洲动物的主动权。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African.(像我这样试图参与野生动物保护的非洲人会感到格格不入。当我第一次接受英国摄制组的采访时，我的采访在剪辑阶段就被剪掉了，取而代之的是一个白人，就因为我是非洲人。)”可知，就是因为作者是非洲人因此在采访的影片中被剪掉了，由此体现出对非洲人的偏见。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them.(非洲是一些最受欢迎的野生动物电影的取景地，但这些电影是由西方公司为西方观众制作的，大多数非洲人甚至都没有机会看到它们。)”以及“We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. (我们迫切需要由非洲人制作、关于非洲人、为非洲人拍摄的野生动物电影。)”可知，非洲人渴望在野生动物电影制作中拥有发言权。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history.(我是一名非洲野生动物制片人。但来自非洲的野生动物电影人比山地大猩猩还罕见。为了理解为什么它们如此之少，我们需要记住我们的近代史。)”以及最后一段中“Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife.(我们非洲野生动物电影人的使命是利用当地讲故事的力量，激励我们的人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。)”可知，本文解释了从历史角度看非洲野生动物制片人以及拍摄者遭受到西方社会的偏见，同时指出在当今快速发展的时代，非洲野生动物电影人应该不断崛起，利用本地特色的故事资源，讲好非洲大陆的故事，呼吁非洲本地人民拯救我们大陆丰富的野生动物。故文章的目的是解释为什么需要更多的非洲电影人。故选D。 （三） （23-24高二上·浙江湖州·期末）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the strange thing is that the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin. Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing. 9．Americans struggle with watching their weight mainly because ______. A．they prefer to consume rich food. B．they only buy food in huge supermarkets. C．they desire to be as slim as TV stars. D．they fail to stop eating even if they are full. 10．What can we learn from Dr. Joseph Mercola in paragraph 2? A．Frenchmen place too much importance on eating. B．Frenchmen have a smaller appetite for food. C．Americans like to buy food in big supermarkets. D．Americans have no interest for fruits and vegetables. 11．How does the author present his ideas in the text? A．By giving examples. B．By providing explanations. C．By making comparison. D．By listing figures. 12．What does the text focus on? A．Americans and Frenchmen. B．Lifestyle and obesity. C．Diet and personalities. D．Fast food and overweight. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过比较美国人和法国人的饮食习惯来表达了生活方式影响体重的观点。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. (Mercola认为，美国人在吃饱的时候失去了感知能力。所以在法国人停止进食很久之后，他们还在继续进食。)”可知，美国人很难控制他们的体重，主要是因为他们吃饱了也停不下来。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. (此外，他指出，美国人开车去大型超市购买一周所需的罐装和冷冻食品。)”可知，美国人喜欢在大超市购买食物。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. (研究人员得出结论，法国人在感到饱的时候往往会停止进食。然而，美国人往往会在他们的盘子空了或他们最喜欢的电视节目结束时停下来。)”以及文章其他内容可知，作者在文中是通过比较美国人和法国人的饮食习惯来表达他的观点的。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. (康奈尔大学的一项研究表明，生活方式和饮食习惯可能会影响体重。)”可知，文章的重点讲述了生活方式对肥胖的影响。故选B项。 （四） （21-22高二上·安徽淮北·期末）An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father's research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D．Danko. Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. "To build wealth, to build one's own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain," wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book, according to Business Insider. She added, "Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide to climb the corporate ladder (企业晋升制度), or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do so by pushing on without stop." Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income towards savings and building wealth. "Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes from spending below their means," Stanley Fallaw writes. The author says that the temptation (诱惑) to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish (浪费的) vacations and new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance (坚持) to live thriftily (节俭地) is important, Stanley Fallaw argues. 13．How does Sarah Stanley Fallaw find the secret of getting rich? A．According to her own life experiences. B．By doing surveys on the American millionaires. C．Following her father's book The Millionaire Next Door. D．Following her father's partner William D．Danko's advice. 14．Which is NOT the important quality for building wealth according to Staniev Fallaw? A．Sticking to your goals. B．Living a thrift (节俭) life. C．Paying attention to others' critics. D．Persevering through failure. 15．Which is harmful for people to build wealth? A．To spend below their means. B．To follow others' spending habits. C．To keep away from lavish vacations. D．To avoid the temptation of new purchases. 16．What is the best title of the passage? A．What People Should Read B．Why We Need Strict Goals C．When People Will Become Millionaires D．How Millionaires Get Rich 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍一位富翁Stanley Fallaw在她的书《隔壁的下一个百万富翁：建立财富的持久策略》中介绍的关于致富的秘诀的理解以及什么是对积累财富有害的。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. （《隔壁的下一个百万富翁：建立财富的持久策略》一书的作者莎拉·斯坦利·法拉夫（Sarah Stanley Fallaw）是在2015年和2016年对美国百万富翁进行调查后得出这一结论的。）”可知，莎拉·斯坦利·法洛是通过对美国百万富翁进行调查找到致富的秘诀的。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. （斯坦利·法拉夫认为，面对拒绝和严格的目标设定，韧性对积累财富很重要。）”以及第三段“Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. （斯坦利·法拉夫强调设定目标和坚持目标的重要性，特别是在预算方面。）”可知，注意别人的批评并没有提到。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The author says that the temptation to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. （作者说，保持周围人消费习惯的诱惑对积累财富是非常有害的。）”可知，跟随别人的消费习惯对人们积累财富是有害的。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. （一位调查了600位百万富翁的作家声称，她发现了致富的秘诀。）”及全文可知，整篇文章都是围绕百万富翁如何致富展开的。故选D。 （五） （23-24高二上·江西上饶·期末）Progress means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals, we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think positively, it can be useful and helpful. We need to know that problems are part of our life. After we solve problems one after another, we can make more progress and become stronger. Having confidence is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us. These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still worth celebrating. Just as the old saying goes, “It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep making progress towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t so important. The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels. 17．Paragraph 2 is mainly about ______. A．the reasons for making more progress B．the advantages of thinking positively C．how to look at problems D．how to solve problems 18．Who can help push us towards progress? A．The people who get a proper education. B．The people who give us plenty of advice. C．The people who give us trust and support. D．The people who are confident in themselves. 19．How does the writer like slow progress? A．It often goes smoothly. B．It still means progress. C．It sometimes stops progress. D．It always gives us a clear mind. 20．What does the underlined word “setbacks” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Prizes. B．Advantages. C．Excuses. D．Difficulties. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者表达了自己对于进步的看法以及如何取得更大的进步。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think positively, it can be useful and helpful. We need to know that problems are part of our life. After we solve problems one after another, we can make more progress and become stronger.(为了在生活中取得更大的进步，开始用不同的方式看待问题。无论发生什么，如果我们积极思考，它都是有用的。我们需要知道问题是我们生活的一部分。在我们一个接一个地解决问题之后，我们可以取得更大的进步，变得更强大)”可知，第二段主要是关于如何看待问题。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Having confidence is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us. These people can help push us towards progress. (有信心有助于我们取得进步。自信来自不同的地方，比如适当的教育、培训或良好的关系。我们也应该和那些相信我们会成功并积极支持我们的人在一起。这些人可以帮助我们取得进步)”可知，对自己有信心的人能帮助推动我们取得进步。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“One important thing is that we keep making progress towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t so important. (一件重要的事情是我们不断朝着目标前进，另一件重要的事情是我们始终清楚地记得我们的目标是什么。实际的速度并不那么重要)”可知，作者认为慢进度仍然意味着进步。故选B。 20．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The road to progress is not always smooth.(进步的道路并不总是平坦的)”以及后文“Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that.(有时候，也许感觉我们前进了一步，后退了三步，但并不总是这样)”可知，进步的道路并不总是平坦的，有时候我们前进了一步后退了三步，即进步的道路是充满困难的。故划线词意思是“困难”。故选D。 （六） （23-24高二上·山东德州·期末）The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 21．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 22．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 23．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 24．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们应该根据自己的实际需求和价值观来对待物品，而不是过度囤积物品，以及应该根据个人喜好和需求来选择物品。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.(我们在房子周围看到的所有东西上的小标签都显示了重要的细节：购买日期和当前的售价。我们在车库旧货拍卖会上。没有谈话，也没有讨价还价。买家可以按挂牌价格提货。)”可知，人们在车库大甩卖时经常交易他们不用的东西。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.(我的观点是，人们喜欢随大流，最终产生他们应该感受到的情绪，而不是真实的自己。说自己不喜欢祖母的项链被认为是无礼的，所以你会把它放在储物柜里，传给下一代。)”可知，作者在第2段提到“项链”是为了证明人们往往会违背自己的意愿跟风。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段“My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets.(我的观点是，只要你喜欢，就可以使用。戴上那些首饰；使用那些家具;把那些成堆的旧床单带回家。)”和“Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.(把这些属性翻转过来，而不是让它们闲置。)”可知，根据第4段，作者认为不用的东西应该有个新主人。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!(所有其他的东西都需要为它们的价值和有用性赢得一席之地。庆祝从囤积中解放出来，让光明出现吧！)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们摆脱囤积。故选A。 （七） （23-24高二上·河南洛阳·期末）Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies” “interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 25．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．Teaching by robots can be replaced. B．The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C．Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D．The potential of the electronic educators. 26．What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Personalities. B．Senses. C．Nationalities. D．Families. 27．Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A．To tell how online learning is progressing. B．To show the significance of online learning. C．To explain people how online learning works. D．To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 28．What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A．How robots will change in the future. B．How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C．How educators will meet the future challenge. D．How electronic educators will lose their jobs. 【答案】25．B 26．A 27．A 28．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了教学似乎不可能被机器人取代，尽管如此，一些人认为未来的教育将是科技的。文章说明了面对面教学的优势以及在线学习的发展情况。 25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class.(乍一看，教学似乎不可能被机器人取代。教师使用的一系列软技能是机器很难完全复制的。他们判断学生的需求，并相应地调整反馈。他们调整材料，使其更吸引人，更有效。他们提供亲切的照顾：注意那些掉队或扰乱课堂的学生)”可知，第二段的主要内容是面对面教学的优势。故选B。 26．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time”可知，此处指机器人会了解你的“兴趣”和“参考点”是什么，然后随着时间的推移，它会想出如何以越来越快的方式教你。由此推知，机器人会全面了解你，以便因材施教，因此划线词idiosyncrasies应该是指你的“个性”。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace.(不管在过去的十年里，这种令人难以置信的速度是否会达到，在线学习平台已经有了巨大的增长。Udemy和可汗学院等公司提供的课程让数百万人可以在家按照自己的进度免费学习)”可推知，提到Udemy和可汗学院是为了讲述在线学习的发展情况。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs.(事实上，弗雷承认还有一段路要走：“没有人能完全破解未来教育的密码。”老师们自己是怎么想的呢？英国德比大学的唐纳德·克拉克教授认为，我们应该接受改变，即使人们会失去工作)”可推知，在最后一段之后可能会讨论教育工作者将如何应对未来的挑战。故选C。 （八） （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·期末）It is a general belief among academics that the humanities(人文学科) are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in line with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, but for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(话语). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in line with expectations for their particular role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. It could be argued that social media has contributed to the popularization of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 29．What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Critical reading leads to the crisis in the humanities. B．Critical reading is generally dominated nowadays. C．Primary reading fails to expose the real meaning. D．Primary reading isn’t important for the humanities. 30．What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Interpretation. B．Intervention. C．Interaction. D．Investigation. 31．What does the author think of social media? A．It tends to encourage high engagement. B．It promotes the spread of idle talk C．It offers people facts instead of opinions. D．It advocates independent thinking ability. 32．What’s the author’s advice for readers? A．To focus more on facts. B．To get off social media. C．To gain an insight into idle talk. D．To read original texts exclusively. 【答案】29．B 30．A 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了恢复初级阅读是非常重要的，因为不仅人文学科需要它，而且整个人类文化也需要它。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is a general belief among academics that the humanities(人文学科) are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of ‘critical’ reading over ‘primary’ reading.(学术界普遍认为人文学科正处于危机之中。哈佛大学历史学家James Hankins认为，部分问题在于‘批判性’阅读比‘初级’阅读占主导地位。)”可知，现在批判性阅读普遍占主导地位。故选B。 30．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词前一句“The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content.(如今的常态是一名记者报道一个新闻，然后数十或数百名记者重复报道该内容。)”和划线词所在句中的“but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks（但他们很少自己去研究这个问题——即使这只需要点击几下鼠标）”可知，现在的记者只会重复其他记者报道的内容，而几乎不会自己去亲自调查，but前后表示表示转折，由此可推测出，记者在自己写报道的时候，会增加的一点点解读，但不会亲自调查。所以spin表示“解读”，与interpretation意思相近。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It could be argued that social media has contributed to the popularization of idle talk.(可以说，社交媒体促进了闲言碎语的普及。)”可知，社交媒体促进了闲言碎语的扩散。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite.(真实的话语需要时间、精力和真诚的参与，但社交媒体往往会鼓励相反的情况。)”可知，作者不赞成社交媒体的行为，建议通过投入时间、精力和真诚参与来得到真实的话语，由此可推测出，作者建议读者更加重视事实。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems. It also shapes the way people behave, grow and develop, both within their own lives and in their relationships with others. While technology has developed over thousands of years, the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced fundamental changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. There has been a debate going on whether technology is benefiting human communication or ruining (破坏) it. Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates. However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them. With cell phones, most people think that it’s easier and more convenient to text instead of meeting in person. Lucas Lengacher, an undergraduate from Huntington University, claims in his article that at least 42.91% people respond to messages immediately yet only 2.83% people don’t check their phones in the morning. In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones. 33．Which has basically influenced human interaction according to the passage? A．People’s value. B．Social systems. C．Mobile devices. D．Communication skills. 34．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technology is benefiting human communication. B．The technology is ruining human communication. C．People began to communicate with e-mails. D．The outbreak of COVID-19 helps new technology develop. 35．What does Lucas’s research find? A．Phones are getting more and more popular. B．Phones disconnect us when we are together. C．People are eager for personal communication. D．People communicate less because of physical distance. 36．What is the author’s attitude to technology? A．Disappointed. B．Positive. C．Doubtful D．Objective 【答案】33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，探讨了科技对人类交流的正反性。科技在为人类沟通和交流提供便利的同时，有时也被认为是切断了人们与周围人的联系。 33．细节理解题。文章第一段中“Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. (具体来说，互联网和移动设备已经完全改变了人们相互交流的方式)”可知，影响人类互动的因素是移动设备。故选C项。 34．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates.(毫无疑问，技术正在帮助人们培养更新的、必要的沟通技能。在商业中，办公室员工和经理使用技术相互发送电子邮件，这被认为是一种沟通技能。在社交媒体上，只需分享一些你的照片，人们就会开始根据自己的观点就你的照片进行交流。随着新冠肺炎的爆发，为了完成这些项目，学生们用手机联系老师和同学)”可知，第二段是从三个案例即：商业中、社交媒体和新冠疫情中阐述了科技有利于人类交流。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段“In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones.(在他的研究中，他发现几乎60%的人在使用手机时感觉与周围的人隔绝了)”可知，60%在使用手机可是却感觉与周围的人隔绝。故选B项。 36． 推理判断题。根据第二段“Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills.(毫无疑问，技术正在帮助人们建立新的、必要的沟通技能) ”和第三段首句“However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them.(然而，科技有时被认为是切断了人们与周围人的联系)”可知，作者是从正反双方面分析了科技对人类交流产生的影响，因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D项。 （十） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business. 37．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Hardly satisfied. B．Socially accepted. C．Widely promoted. D．Obvious but ignored. 38．What is Marie North’s attitude towards the all-size trend? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Puzzled. D．Cautious. 39．For what are some brands criticized by researchers? A．Their motivation. B．Their promotion. C．Their devotion. D．Their advertisement. 40．What should fashion industry do in a body-diverse world? A．Provide more fashion choices. B．Show respect to the consumers. C．Produce clothes in various sizes. D．Build private relationships with customers. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了时尚行业在面对大尺码消费者需求时的变化。尽管一些品牌扩大了尺码范围，但有批评指出它们可能只是跟随潮流，缺乏真正的包容性。研究人员和消费者强调，时尚行业需要更深入地与消费者建立联系，展示对各种身体和价值观的尊重。 37．词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语the elephant in the room后的内容“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind.(直到身体积极向上和接受肥胖的运动促使人们意识到，身材魁伟的人不应该是那些被忽视的人)”可知，新的口号的是“身材魁梧的人不应该被忽视”，由此推知，这些身材魁伟的消费者原来一直是“被忽视”的。但划线短语中“the elephant (大象)”却是如此明显的存在，由此推知，此处划线短语the elephant in the room的意思“显而易见却被忽视的事实”，与“obvious but ignored”意思相近。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段中Marie North的话“Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,(包容性尺码意味着所有人的身材都被纳入时尚，而不仅仅是那些符合标准尺码的人)”和第段中“However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.(然而，许多设计师现在所做的是选择一个他们认为足够大的数字来包括大码，然后就此打住。这更不尊重人)”可知，Marie North对“全码”趋势持否定态度。故选B项。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry.(研究人员还批评说，一些品牌只是在利用这一趋势。“过去在广告中宣传所谓完美身材的品牌，现在正试图加入这一潮流，增加几个尺码。他们感觉不像是真的关心大码人，”时尚行业分析师迈克尔•伯吉斯表示)”可知，研究人员批评了一些品牌的动机，认为他们只是想利用这一潮流来获益。故选A项。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands.(如果时尚行业希望在身材多样化的世界中取得成功，就必须超越仅仅生产各种尺码的服装。整个行业必须在个人层面上与消费者建立联系。这包括向消费者表明，消费者被看到了，被理解了，同时对品牌很重要)”可知，文章建议在一个身体多样化的世界里，时尚行业应该看到消费者，理解消费者，并让消费者知道他们对品牌很重要。由此推知，时尚行业应该做的是尊重消费者。故选B项。 （十一） （22-23高二上·山西大同·期末）With the short amount of time you have on this planet and the vast amount of things you could be spending your time improving on, it only makes sense that you will end up being average or bad at a lot of things and that's okay. There are some who put so much pressure on themselves to be great at everything they attempt that they find it hard to be happy. No matter how talented you may be, your talent is limited to only a few things. People who are one of the best in the world at something are only average at most other things. Michael Jordan is a basketball legend but when it came to attempting to be great at baseball, it just didn't work out. Choose a couple of things you really enjoy doing and focus on becoming great at those things. Maybe you'd rather be average at a bunch of things instead and that's fine too. There are plenty of people who are good enough at a ton of things and all it takes is a bit of practice. If you want to be really great at something, however, enough where you can actually make a career out of it, it's going to take a lot of time and energy, which means you'll have less time for other things. That means you'll be average or really crappy at most things. As long as you' re great at one or a few things, being average at everything else is okay. And how do you become great at something? Practice—lots and lots of practice. 41．If you press yourself to be good at everything, how will you feel probably? A．Unhappy B．Confident. C．Content. D．Ashamed. 42．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To attract the readers. B．To honor the great player. C．To introduce another topic. D．To support the author' s opinion 43．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word "crappy" in paragraph 5? A．Expert. B．Bad C．Angry D．Amazed. 44．What message does the author want to convey in the text? A．It doesn't matter if you' re ordinary. B．It's possible to be good at everything. C．Hard work can make talents unlimited D．What you are good at really matters. 【答案】41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在人的一生当中，我们要花很多事情是去改善一件事，从而在很多事情上表现平平或糟糕。所以我们只需在一件事情上表现出色，在其它的大多数事情上表现普通甚至糟糕也无所谓。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“There are some who put so much pressure on themselves to be great at everything they attempt that they find it hard to be happy. ”（有些人对自己施加了太大的压力，要求自己在任何事情上都做得很棒，以至于他们发现很难快乐。）可知，如果你强迫自己做好每件事，你会感到不高兴。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段“People who are one of the best in the world at something are only average at most other things. Michael Jordan is a basketball legend but when it came to attempting to be great at baseball, it just didn't work out.”（在某些方面是世界上最好的人之一的人，在大多数其他方面只是普通人。迈克尔·乔丹是篮球界的传奇人物，但当他试图在棒球界大显身手时，却没有成功。）可推知，文中举迈克尔·乔丹的例子是为了证明有些人在某些方面是世界上最好的人，而在其他方面则很普通这一观点。故选D。 43．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子的前一句话“If you want to be really great at something, however, enough where you can actually make a career out of it, it's going to take a lot of time and energy, which means you'll have less time for other things. ”（然而，如果你想在某件事上做得非常出色，足以让你真正从中获得一份事业，这将需要大量的时间和精力，这意味着你做其他事情的时间会更少。）以及划线单词前面 be average （普通的）可推知，你将大部分的时间都花在一件事情上，让这件事情变得很出色，但是花在其它事情上的时间就会少，所以这些事情就会很普通或者很糟糕，所以crappy的意思为“糟糕的”。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段 “With the short amount of time you have on this planet and the vast amount of things you could be spending your time improving on, it only makes sense that you will end up being average or bad at a lot of things and that's okay.”（由于你在这个星球上的时间很短，你可以花大量的时间去改进很多事情，你最终会在很多事情上表现平平或糟糕，这是有道理的。）以及最后一段第一句话“As long as you' re great at one or a few things, being average at everything else is okay.”（只要你在一件或几件事情上表现出色，在其他事情上表现平平就可以了。）可知，本篇文章作者想表达的观点是在一件事情上出色就可以，其它的事情上表现很普通也没有关系。故选A。 （十二） （22-23高二上·辽宁锦州·期末）It’s time for those who are about to graduate to look for jobs since the graduation season is drawing near. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true that you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint our customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. 45．Which of the following is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph 2? A．People’s appearances carry messages about themselves. B．Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies. C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. 46．What can be inferred from the text? A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. 47．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Employees Matter B．Appearances Matter C．Personal Choices Matter D．Hiring Managers Matter 48．What is the author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace? A．Enthusiastic. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Sympathetic. 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．B 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生要开始为寻找工作而忙碌了。但是，影响就业成功的因素有很多，其中一点就是面试时的着装。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句“A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles.(一名高中报纸编辑表示，公司不鼓励明显的纹身、鼻环或某些服装风格，这是不公平的)”可知，报纸编辑认为有纹身或戴鼻环的求职者应该被公平对待。故选C。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的第二句“Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers. (大多数雇主都很关心员工的个人形象，因为这些人在客户面前代表着公司)”可推知，员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。故选D。 47．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.( 不管我们穿什么，我们的家人和朋友可能会接受我们，但工作场所可能不会)”结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了面试者的着装问题，即面试者的外貌问题。故选B。 48．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers.(作为一名招聘经理，我的职责是挑选那些能给客户留下最好印象的人)”可知，作者对于员工穿奇装异服的态度是否定的。A. Enthusiastic热情的；B. Positive肯定的；C. Negative否定的；D. Sympathetic同情的。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04阅读理解议论文 （一） （22-23高二上·河北唐山·期末）In a recent staff meeting, my colleagues and I discussed ways to alleviate the current stress our 11th-grade students were feeling. I offered a successful strategy that I use for organizing work in the classroom-negotiating (协商) due dates. The assistant replied, “Yes, a good idea, being flexible with due dates.” Flexible? That was not the word I used, and to me, those two words are not interchangeable; flexibility and negotiation are not the same thing. Being flexible can help decrease stress and anxiety in the classroom. It shows willingness on the part of the teacher to listen, engage in conversation with students, and shift and adapt when possible. But the balance of power has not really changed. The student still needs to ask for permission, which may or may not be given. In a week when my work seems manageable, I may be feeling generous, but in a week when my workload is high, I may be less likely to lean toward flexibility. So flexibility might mean an extra hour, half a day, or a few days. In either case the student has no power. In many ways, by the time students reach the stage of having to ask, it’s too late. The stress has already increased, and students are placed in a position where they may make poor decisions, like cutting classes, to get some extra time. Negotiation is different. It happens at the beginning of the process and is a proactive (先行一步的) approach that encourages shared ownership, an acceptance of equal responsibility. Negotiating brings the teacher and students together to address the issue equally. The date by which work will be done is a question for all, but the student does need to do the work, and the teacher needs to assess it. There are competing needs and schedules and workloads. Sometimes even the smallest things are worth considering carefully. In teaching, there is nothing small. As a teacher, I usually self-reflect my practice, and strengthen my practice. 1．What does the author think of the assistant’s reply? A．It is a convincing statement. B．It is a wrong interpretation. C．It is a detailed description. D．It is a positive response. 2．What is the author’s opinion of being flexible? A．It makes the students feel free. B．It is a win-win choice in class. C．It is a strategy to remove stress. D．It allows the teacher the final say. 3．How does negotiation work according to the author? A．By encouraging competition among students. B．By helping teachers assess their responsibility. C．By creating harmony and equality in the class. D．By providing a way to reduce students’ workload. 4．What can we infer about the author from the text? A．He is expert at arguing with others. B．He is committed to his teaching work. C．He is worried about the current education. D．He is doubtful about the assistant’s ability. （二） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers from Africa are rarer than mountain gorillas(大猩猩). To understand why there are so few, we need to remember our recent history. When the colonialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized control of the continent’s wildlife and other natural resources. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the continent’s first protected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away locals for the benefit of white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed national parks and big game hunting gave way to wildlife tourism. But African wildlife was still there for White people’s enjoyment and benefits. That locals could have an interest in preserving wildlife for its own sake was rarely considered. Africans -like me who tried to get involved in wildlife conservation were made to feel out of place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African. Africa was the setting for some of the most popular films about wildlife, but these films were made by western-owned production companies for Western audiences, and most Africans never even got to see them. What Africa needed was to see themselves and their view points in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, about Africans and for Africans. As producer of the documentary TV series “Wildlife Warriors”, I set out to find African conservation heroes who could play a role in the documentary. I soon discovered that we had some talented African filmmakers across the continent. Today things are changing fast. Companies like National Geographic and the BBC are leading the way with new approaches to global storytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ mission is to draw on the power of local storytelling to inspire our people to save our continent’s rich wildlife. 5．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare? A．They lack the talent in making films. B．They live in the shadow of westerners. C．They are still colonized by the westerns. D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife. 6．What message does the cut of my interview convey? A．The strictness of the crew. B．The preference for the British. C．The prejudice against Africans. D．The benefits of local communities. 7．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The locals enjoy wildlife films set in Africa. B．Africans play a leading role in wildlife film-making. C．Films made by westerners are the most popular ones. D．Africans long for having a say in wildlife film-making. 8．What is the purpose of the author writing the text? A．To introduce how African wildlife are protected. B．To urge people to better preserve African wildlife. C．To show that the author was ignored by westerners. D．To explain why more African filmmakers are needed. （三） （23-24高二上·浙江湖州·期末）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the strange thing is that the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin. Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing. 9．Americans struggle with watching their weight mainly because ______. A．they prefer to consume rich food. B．they only buy food in huge supermarkets. C．they desire to be as slim as TV stars. D．they fail to stop eating even if they are full. 10．What can we learn from Dr. Joseph Mercola in paragraph 2? A．Frenchmen place too much importance on eating. B．Frenchmen have a smaller appetite for food. C．Americans like to buy food in big supermarkets. D．Americans have no interest for fruits and vegetables. 11．How does the author present his ideas in the text? A．By giving examples. B．By providing explanations. C．By making comparison. D．By listing figures. 12．What does the text focus on? A．Americans and Frenchmen. B．Lifestyle and obesity. C．Diet and personalities. D．Fast food and overweight. （四） （21-22高二上·安徽淮北·期末）An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father's research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D．Danko. Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience (抗逆力) in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to building wealth. "To build wealth, to build one's own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain," wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book, according to Business Insider. She added, "Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide to climb the corporate ladder (企业晋升制度), or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do so by pushing on without stop." Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income towards savings and building wealth. "Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes from spending below their means," Stanley Fallaw writes. The author says that the temptation (诱惑) to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish (浪费的) vacations and new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance (坚持) to live thriftily (节俭地) is important, Stanley Fallaw argues. 13．How does Sarah Stanley Fallaw find the secret of getting rich? A．According to her own life experiences. B．By doing surveys on the American millionaires. C．Following her father's book The Millionaire Next Door. D．Following her father's partner William D．Danko's advice. 14．Which is NOT the important quality for building wealth according to Staniev Fallaw? A．Sticking to your goals. B．Living a thrift (节俭) life. C．Paying attention to others' critics. D．Persevering through failure. 15．Which is harmful for people to build wealth? A．To spend below their means. B．To follow others' spending habits. C．To keep away from lavish vacations. D．To avoid the temptation of new purchases. 16．What is the best title of the passage? A．What People Should Read B．Why We Need Strict Goals C．When People Will Become Millionaires D．How Millionaires Get Rich （五） （23-24高二上·江西上饶·期末）Progress means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals, we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think positively, it can be useful and helpful. We need to know that problems are part of our life. After we solve problems one after another, we can make more progress and become stronger. Having confidence is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us. These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still worth celebrating. Just as the old saying goes, “It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep making progress towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t so important. The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels. 17．Paragraph 2 is mainly about ______. A．the reasons for making more progress B．the advantages of thinking positively C．how to look at problems D．how to solve problems 18．Who can help push us towards progress? A．The people who get a proper education. B．The people who give us plenty of advice. C．The people who give us trust and support. D．The people who are confident in themselves. 19．How does the writer like slow progress? A．It often goes smoothly. B．It still means progress. C．It sometimes stops progress. D．It always gives us a clear mind. 20．What does the underlined word “setbacks” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Prizes. B．Advantages. C．Excuses. D．Difficulties. （六） （23-24高二上·山东德州·期末）The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 21．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 22．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 23．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 24．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. （七） （23-24高二上·河南洛阳·期末）Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies” “interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 25．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．Teaching by robots can be replaced. B．The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C．Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D．The potential of the electronic educators. 26．What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Personalities. B．Senses. C．Nationalities. D．Families. 27．Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A．To tell how online learning is progressing. B．To show the significance of online learning. C．To explain people how online learning works. D．To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 28．What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A．How robots will change in the future. B．How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C．How educators will meet the future challenge. D．How electronic educators will lose their jobs. （八） （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·期末）It is a general belief among academics that the humanities(人文学科) are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in line with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, but for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(话语). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in line with expectations for their particular role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. It could be argued that social media has contributed to the popularization of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 29．What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Critical reading leads to the crisis in the humanities. B．Critical reading is generally dominated nowadays. C．Primary reading fails to expose the real meaning. D．Primary reading isn’t important for the humanities. 30．What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Interpretation. B．Intervention. C．Interaction. D．Investigation. 31．What does the author think of social media? A．It tends to encourage high engagement. B．It promotes the spread of idle talk C．It offers people facts instead of opinions. D．It advocates independent thinking ability. 32．What’s the author’s advice for readers? A．To focus more on facts. B．To get off social media. C．To gain an insight into idle talk. D．To read original texts exclusively. （九） （23-24高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems. It also shapes the way people behave, grow and develop, both within their own lives and in their relationships with others. While technology has developed over thousands of years, the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced fundamental changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. There has been a debate going on whether technology is benefiting human communication or ruining (破坏) it. Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates. However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them. With cell phones, most people think that it’s easier and more convenient to text instead of meeting in person. Lucas Lengacher, an undergraduate from Huntington University, claims in his article that at least 42.91% people respond to messages immediately yet only 2.83% people don’t check their phones in the morning. In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones. 33．Which has basically influenced human interaction according to the passage? A．People’s value. B．Social systems. C．Mobile devices. D．Communication skills. 34．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technology is benefiting human communication. B．The technology is ruining human communication. C．People began to communicate with e-mails. D．The outbreak of COVID-19 helps new technology develop. 35．What does Lucas’s research find? A．Phones are getting more and more popular. B．Phones disconnect us when we are together. C．People are eager for personal communication. D．People communicate less because of physical distance. 36．What is the author’s attitude to technology? A．Disappointed. B．Positive. C．Doubtful D．Objective （十） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK. Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.” Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion to the community.” The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business. 37．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Hardly satisfied. B．Socially accepted. C．Widely promoted. D．Obvious but ignored. 38．What is Marie North’s attitude towards the all-size trend? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Puzzled. D．Cautious. 39．For what are some brands criticized by researchers? A．Their motivation. B．Their promotion. C．Their devotion. D．Their advertisement. 40．What should fashion industry do in a body-diverse world? A．Provide more fashion choices. B．Show respect to the consumers. C．Produce clothes in various sizes. D．Build private relationships with customers. （十一） （22-23高二上·山西大同·期末）With the short amount of time you have on this planet and the vast amount of things you could be spending your time improving on, it only makes sense that you will end up being average or bad at a lot of things and that's okay. There are some who put so much pressure on themselves to be great at everything they attempt that they find it hard to be happy. No matter how talented you may be, your talent is limited to only a few things. People who are one of the best in the world at something are only average at most other things. Michael Jordan is a basketball legend but when it came to attempting to be great at baseball, it just didn't work out. Choose a couple of things you really enjoy doing and focus on becoming great at those things. Maybe you'd rather be average at a bunch of things instead and that's fine too. There are plenty of people who are good enough at a ton of things and all it takes is a bit of practice. If you want to be really great at something, however, enough where you can actually make a career out of it, it's going to take a lot of time and energy, which means you'll have less time for other things. That means you'll be average or really crappy at most things. As long as you' re great at one or a few things, being average at everything else is okay. And how do you become great at something? Practice—lots and lots of practice. 41．If you press yourself to be good at everything, how will you feel probably? A．Unhappy B．Confident. C．Content. D．Ashamed. 42．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To attract the readers. B．To honor the great player. C．To introduce another topic. D．To support the author' s opinion 43．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word "crappy" in paragraph 5? A．Expert. B．Bad C．Angry D．Amazed. 44．What message does the author want to convey in the text? A．It doesn't matter if you' re ordinary. B．It's possible to be good at everything. C．Hard work can make talents unlimited D．What you are good at really matters. （十二） （22-23高二上·辽宁锦州·期末）It’s time for those who are about to graduate to look for jobs since the graduation season is drawing near. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true that you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint our customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. 45．Which of the following is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph 2? A．People’s appearances carry messages about themselves. B．Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies. C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. 46．What can be inferred from the text? A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. 47．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Employees Matter B．Appearances Matter C．Personal Choices Matter D．Hiring Managers Matter 48．What is the author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace? A．Enthusiastic. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Sympathetic. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$