专题03阅读理解说明文-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末复习专项突破精题精选（人教版2019）

专题03阅读理解说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·河北保定·期末）I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle — which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk. At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease. That’s based on their analysis of 17 previously published studies on walking and health, which included more than 225,000 adults from multiple countries who were tracked for an average of seven years. The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop. But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity. That may sound too good to be true for 10,000-step devotees, but a number of recent studies — and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans — have reached similar conclusions. Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day. Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health — even in encouragingly small doses. 1．What is the author’s standard of an active lifestyle? A．Remaining seated for a long time. B．Writing at the desk. C．Checking the step tracker frequently. D．Taking 10,000 steps a day. 2．How did the author feel after reading the conclusion of the recent research review? A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Motivated. D．Confused. 3．Those having the habit of walking 10,000 steps a day are advised to ________ A．add 1,000 steps per day B．follow their usual habits C．reduce their walking by 15% D．have some stops during every long walk 4．What does the underlined word “doses” in the last paragraph mean? A．Steps. B．Houses. C．Amounts. D．Studies. （二） （23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 5．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 6．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 7．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 8．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. （三） （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send. According to data from the Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟), nine of the 10 most-used emojis from 2019 also ranked among the top 10 this year. The tears of joy emoji ranked No.1, despite members of Gen Z deeming it uncool. “It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,” said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. “Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.” And it makes sense that Gen Z would think that certain emojis aren’t fashionable. It’s part of the “teenager experience of creating a sense of subculture where there’s a right way and a wrong way of behaving.” Plus, there is a range of laughter that can be expressed: There’s light chuckling. There’s acknowledgement laughter, which is just a marker of empathy. Using emojis, such as the skull face (“I’m dead”) or crying face ( uncontrollable tears of laughter), can help to illustrate that range. “It basically indicates that we have what we need to communicate a broad range of expression, or even very specific concepts,” Mr Robertson said. “You don’t necessarily need a Covid emoji.” “We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,” said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. “Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,” She added. “We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.” 9．Why does the tears of joy emoji ranked No.1 despite the dislike from the Z generation? A．The emoji is a purely Z generation thing. B．The Z generation are too young to influence the rank. C．Though they dislike it, the Z generation vote for it ultimately. D．The Z generation take up a very small portion in emoji users. 10．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．the virus emoji B．a Covid emoji C．the use of the virus emoji D．the rise in the use of the virus emoji 11．Why wasn’t the virus emoji popular according to Lauren Gawne? A．The massive global pandemic has come to an end. B．The pandemic has little influence on people’s daily life. C．We have a broad range of expression for communication. D．Some new and useful emojis are created to replace the virus emoji. 12．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．The Pandemic and the Emoji. B．Gen Z, the Emoji Generation. C．The Emoji of the Year. D．The Rise of Virus Emoji （四） （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末）In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 13．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 14．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of men tal health. 15．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 16．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. （五） （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末）Self-control is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control. One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores. The psychologist Walter Mischel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat. Based on his research, Mischel proposed what he referred to as a “hot-and-cool” system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses. Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides. 17．What kind of students does the author think will most probably do best in studies? A．Those having the highest IQ scores. B．Those respecting the teacher most. C．Those having the greatest willpower. D．Those performing most actively in class. 18．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Effect. B．Competition. C．Hardship. D．Enjoyment. 19．What can we learn from the experiments made by Mischel in 1975? A．Few children could get two treats. B．Not all the kids were short of patience. C．Most of the children ate another treat. D．Self-control is very important for one’s future. 20．Which of the following behaviors belongs to the cool system? A．Consuming plenty of sweet food. B．Staying up late at night often. C．Copying others’ homework. D．Quitting drinking high-sugar drinks. （六） （23-24高二上·江西南昌·期末）“While extroverts (性格外向者) often make great first impressions with their outgoing manner and lively personalities in interviews, that value and reputation at work diminish (削减) over time.” says Corinne Bender, an associate professor of management. “Extroverts disappoint us over time when they’re part of a team,” Bender says. “On a team you’re expected to work hard and contribute a lot. But they’re often poor listeners, and they don’t cooperate.” “On the other hand, introverts (性格内向者) work hard on a team because they care what others think of them. They don’t want to be seen as not pulling their weight or contributing 100%,” Bender says. So while companies may be attracted to hiring extroverts because they impress managers greatly in job interviews, bosses also may want to consider whether the extrovert they are considering will be a valuable team player, Bender says. Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees, such as their ability to put themselves in others’ shoes. “These team members are often easygoing, which can make them exceptional mentors (良师益友) to more junior staff or particularly good sounding boards when you interact with them in one-on-one situations,” Su says. “Managers must try to help introverts find their voice,” Wilkins says. “Help them see that speaking up is not about self-promotion or being in conflict but rather about offering the team key insights, making better decisions or increasing the efficiency for all.” What about those extroverts who never seem to be at a loss for words? Should managers cut them off? Managers definitely should weigh in on how an extrovert is affecting others. Wilkins suggests saying something in private to make adjustments. 21．What do we know about outgoing people according to Bender? A．They are often good listeners. B．They tend to perform well in interviews. C．They often make great contributions. D．They are often good at cooperating. 22．Which can best replace the underlined part “pulling their weight” in Paragraph 3? A．Doing their full share of work. B．Making good choices. C．Trusting others. D．Trying to share their thoughts. 23．What is Su’s attitude towards Bendersky’s words? A．Critical. B．Approving. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 24．What does Wilkins advise managers to do? A．Promote more introverts. B．Learn to work more efficiently. C．Avoid conflict among employees. D．Encourage introverts to speak up. （七） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）When we go about our daily routines, most of us are unaware that beneath our feet lies an outstandingly different community of plants, animals and microbes that makes up our soils. Soils are more than just “dirt” — they’re a major supply of global biodiversity, supporting agriculture and food security, controlling greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and promoting plant, animal and human health. Without them our world wouldn’t be the same. Soil is a living resource. Plants and animals above and below ground depend on the complex processes and interactions taking place in the soil and that enables life on earth. Plants nurture a whole world of creatures in the soil, which in turn feeds and protects the plants. Fighting loss of soil biodiversity is key to global food security and the achievement of more than half of the Sustainable Development Goals. Soil biodiversity plays a vital role in the soil ecosystem as soil organisms (有机体) are responsible for nutrient cycling, controlling the dynamics (有机质) of soil organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions, allowing soils to function properly. Soil biodiversity plays a central role in preserving human health through a range of pathways including water purification, climate stabilization, nutrient and food security. To prevent and minimize soil biodiversity loss, farmers and other land users can adopt sustainable soil management practices. Limiting waste by recycling and reusing will minimize the chances of soil pollution and therefore protect soil biodiversity. Governments should invest in gathering better knowledge about the importance of soil biodiversity and functions, including by region and land cover type. Everyone can provide opportunities to support soil biodiversity around you by protecting insects and the surroundings and allowing branches and leaves to rot naturally. 25．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The routines. B．The creatures. C．The soils. D．The emissions. 26．What role does soil biodiversity play in the ecosystem? A．Providing nutrients to keep the soil healthy. B．Securing food supply to feed more people. C．Improving the human immune system. D．Stopping greenhouse gas emissions. 27．What can be done to stop soil biodiversity loss? A．Purifying water. B．Encouraging recycling. C．Grading the lands. D．Speeding up organisms’ rotting. 28．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Be involved in soil protecting. B．Keep the balance of biodiversity. C．Make full use of soil resources. D．Be aware of the existence of soils. （八） （23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Nightmares could be reduced by hearing a sound while you sleep that you previously associated with a positive ending to a bad dream during therapy (治疗). Up to 8 percent of people report having problems with nightmares. The standard treatment is image rehearsal therapy (IRT), which 30 percent of people don’t respond to. IRT involves repeating a previous nightmare but changing it to have a more positive ending. To aid memory recall, some treatments involve an individual hearing a specific sound as they form memories and then having this same sound played to them while they sleep. This is often done during the non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, because dreams and nightmares are more common in REM sleep. Testing the potential of this approach for nightmares, Lampros Perogamvros at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and his colleagues first divided 36 people who had more than one nightmare per week into two groups. Both groups were taught how to carry out IRT themselves at home, which they did for 5 minutes a day over two weeks. Only one group, however, listened to a neutral piano tone while they carried out their IRT. During these two weeks, both groups wore a head band every night that tracked their sleep stage by discovering brain activity. When they entered REM sleep, both groups were played the tone that only one group was exposed to during their at-home IRT. This tone was played at 10 second intervals. At the end of the two weeks, the two groups both reported having more positive dreams. By carrying out this treatment in people’s homes, it could become a widespread intervention to relieve nightmares, says Mark Blagrove at Swansea University, UK. “You could not only have people treated with IRT in the clinician’s room, or therapist’s room, but people could possibly be sent home with these instruments that spot the stages of sleep and have the auditory (听觉的) signal that was played when they were doing IRT presented again during sleep.” he says. 29．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．IRT helps memory. B．IRT makes memories form. C．Not all respond to IRT. D．The new treatment is popular. 30．How did Lampros and his colleagues test the potential of IRT? A．By analyzing data. B．By performing a survey. C．By referring to documents. D．By conducting an experiment. 31．What is Mark Blagrove’s attitude towards the treatment? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Approving 32．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To share a discovery. B．To confirm a concept. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To make an explanation. （九） （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·期末）Dopamine (多巴胺), known as the “source of pleasure”, is a chemical that is released in the brain and provides people with a feeling of reward and motivation. Now, China’s young people are seeking to wear that joyfulness on their bodies, giving rise to the fashion craze — “dopamine dressing style”. Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness. Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process. Another 2015 study found that the outfits we wear can directly influence how we think. It suggested that dressing in a certain way can influence the way we make decisions. “What we wear is how we show ourselves to those we interact with—we are influenced by their reaction to it. If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.” one of the leading researchers, Mair added. Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good. It could be joggers and a sport shirt; it could be your favorite pair of jeans; or it could be that dress you were saving for a special occasion. In a word, it’s ok to wear anything that can boost your mood. Color psychologist Karen Haller said: “Color is a great way to lift our spirits and boost our moods in an instant. Our confidence can be boosted when we wear colors that we love and feel good in. We instinctively feel and behave differently when we take the colors in through our eyes and through the part of our brain where our emotions reside.” Ultimately, dopamine dressing is whatever makes you feel good. 33．What makes the dopamine dressing a real hit according to paragraph 1? A．Its featuring only bright colors. B．Its healing and boosting function. C．Its impacting on people’s confidence. D．Its allowing people to wear differently 34．What can we infer from the two studies mentioned in the passage? A．Dopamine dressing is simply a new concept of dressing. B．Dopamine dressing is beneficial to our mental health. C．Dopamine dressing has little to do with our decision making. D．Dopamine dressing can drive us to interact with more people. 35．Which of the following can be considered as dopamine dressing? A．All the students wear school uniform on Mondays. B．My father has to put on a heavy coat in cold weather. C．Jack often follows the trend to buy clothes in dark colors. D．The girl chooses her favorite skirt for her birthday party. 36．Why does the author write the article? A．To demonstrate a pleasant dressing style. B．To convince us to buy more fashionable clothes. C．To arouse our curiosity of the dopamine dressing. D．To promote more people to accept dopamine dressing. （十） （23-24高二上·湖南娄底·期末）Many people cannot live without modern technology products, especially their  smart phones. They use devices to stay in contact with family and friends while driving. The most common method of communication is by sending written messages, a custom known as texting. A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. The finding was reported earlier this month in a scientific publication. Researchers questioned 435 parents from across the United States. Regan Bergmark, who led the survey, said that many people believe texting while driving is unsafe but have also likely done it. In fact, the survey found that 52 percent of millennial (千禧年的) parents said they thought it was “never” safe to text and drive. The same goes for 58 percent of older parents. But almost two-thirds of parents reported reading texts while driving, and more than half of them have also written texts.Millennial parents were more likely to use email while driving and drive faster than the speed limit. “The problem with smartphones is that they have become an unavoidable part of daily life for most people,” Regan said. “Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash. ” In general,it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly. 37．What is the main problem described in Paragraph 2? A．People use smartphones to keep in touch with others. B．People tend to drive faster than the speed limit. C．People tend to write text messages rather than use email. D．People use smartphones while driving despite the danger. 38．What can we infer from Regan’s words? A．People in modern society can’t live without smartphones. B．People are expected to be reachable every second. C．It’s unwise to be always reachable while driving. D．It’s dangerous to drive because of the risk of a crash. 39．In the last paragraph, the author means to . A．summarize the previous paragraphs B．provide some advice for the readers C．add some background information D．introduce a new topic for discussion 40．Where is the text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific report. D．A medical magazine. （十一） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 41．Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A．To better understand human empathy. B．To promote the social skills of robots. C．To explore the differences between laughs. D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 42．What can robot Erica probably do at present? A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D．Master the features of laughs provided by data. 43．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Potential. B．Barrier. C．Alternative. D．Division. 44．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B．Can conversational AI really understand us? C．Laughing robots are round the conner. D．Robots become laughing masters. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03阅读理解说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·河北保定·期末）I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle — which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk. At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease. That’s based on their analysis of 17 previously published studies on walking and health, which included more than 225,000 adults from multiple countries who were tracked for an average of seven years. The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop. But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity. That may sound too good to be true for 10,000-step devotees, but a number of recent studies — and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans — have reached similar conclusions. Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day. Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health — even in encouragingly small doses. 1．What is the author’s standard of an active lifestyle? A．Remaining seated for a long time. B．Writing at the desk. C．Checking the step tracker frequently. D．Taking 10,000 steps a day. 2．How did the author feel after reading the conclusion of the recent research review? A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Motivated. D．Confused. 3．Those having the habit of walking 10,000 steps a day are advised to ________ A．add 1,000 steps per day B．follow their usual habits C．reduce their walking by 15% D．have some stops during every long walk 4．What does the underlined word “doses” in the last paragraph mean? A．Steps. B．Houses. C．Amounts. D．Studies. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了关于日常步行对健康影响的最新研究，特别是每日步数与死亡率和心血管疾病风险之间的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I don’t know about you, but I have a deep-seated idea that taking 10,000 steps per day is the mark of an active lifestyle—which means it’s often pretty depressing to check the step tracker on my phone after an average day of writing while seated at my desk.(我不知道你是怎么想的，但我有一个根深蒂固的想法，那就是每天走一万步是积极生活方式的标志——这意味着在坐在办公桌前写完一天的文章后，查看手机上的步数追踪器通常会让我很沮丧。)”可知，作者认为每天走10,000步是积极生活方式的标志。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At least, it was depressing until I read the conclusion of a recent research review published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The authors found that taking just 4,000 steps per day (the equivalent of walking around two miles) is enough to significantly reduce your risk of premature death and walking as few as 2,500 steps per day may meaningfully reduce your risk of dying from cardiovascular-disease.(至少，直到我读到最近发表在《欧洲预防心脏病学杂志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上的一篇研究综述的结论，我都感到沮丧。研究人员发现，每天走4000步(相当于步行约两英里)就足以显著降低过早死亡的风险，每天走2500步就可以显著降低死于心血管疾病的风险。)”以及文章第四段“But if, like me, you often fall short of that benchmark (基准), you can take comfort in the fact that even relatively small amounts of movement seem to measurably benefit health and longevity.(但是，如果你像我一样，经常达不到这个标准，你可以放心，即使是相对少量的运动似乎也能明显地有益于健康和长寿。)”可推测，可以看出，作者在看到研究综述的结论之前是沮丧的，但之后情况有所改变。接下来，文章描述了研究综述的结论，即每天走4,000步就足以显著降低早逝的风险，而每天走2,500步也可能有意义地降低死于心血管疾病的风险。这暗示了作者看完结论后感到欣慰或轻松。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The findings are no reason to shorten your daily stroll; walking more is better, the researchers found. They concluded that each additional 1,000 steps per day is linked to a roughly 15% lower risk of dying early from any cause, and they did not find evidence of a point at which additional activity stops being beneficial. So if you were already logging 10,000 steps a day, there’s no need to stop.(这些发现并不是缩短每天散步时间的理由；研究人员发现，走路越多越好。他们得出的结论是，每天多走1000步，任何原因导致的早死风险都会降低约15%，而且他们没有发现任何证据表明，多走1000步就会停止有益的活动。所以，如果你已经每天记录一万步，那就没有必要停下来了。)”可知，研究人员发现走更多的步数是有益的，但他们也指出，如果已经每天走10,000步，则没有必要停止。这暗示着已经每天走10,000步的人可以保持他们的习惯，不需要进一步增加步数。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Some research has shown that mild forms of movement not typically considered exercise, like housework, can have a meaningful impact on overall well-being, while other studies have argued that there are real benefits to getting even a few minutes of physical activity each day.(一些研究表明，通常不被认为是锻炼的温和运动形式，比如家务，可以对整体健康产生有意义的影响，而其他研究则认为，每天哪怕只进行几分钟的体育活动，也会带来真正的好处。)”可知，上文讲述的是锻炼或者活动，不管多少，都会有好处。再结合划线单词上文“Exercise, it seems, is a powerful tool for improving health(运动似乎是改善健康的有力工具)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“数量”相似，指的是不管数量多小，运动似乎都是改善健康的有力工具。选项A“Steps (步伐)”；选项B“Houses (房子)”；选项C“Amounts (数量)”；选项D“Studies (研究)”。故选C。 （二） （23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 5．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 6．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 7．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 8．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在人们都使用手机等电子产品来避免无聊，而作者认为无聊的存在是有其意义的——可以让孩子们在无聊中对一些问题进行思考。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中Julie Robinson说的话“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第三段中“The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed.(传统观念认为孩子应该不断活跃，这会阻碍他们想象力的发展。因此，任何能够提高更深思熟虑的事情都会受到热烈欢迎。)”可知，Julie Robinson认为无聊是有用的，因为它能让孩子们有时间思考，且发展他们的想象力。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon (现象): the fear of “inactivity”. (今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。朱莉·罗宾逊认为这是一个跨代现象：对“不活跃”的恐惧。)”可知，“不活跃”现象指的是人们安静的这种状态，即上文提到的无聊现象，如今人们害怕无聊，所以会经常看手机，或者不间断的做一些打发无聊的事情。由此可推知，D项“望着窗外美丽的景色”被认为是一种“不活跃”现象。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability—among adults as well as children—to live in the present.(今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。)”可推知，作者提到了火车旅行，是为了表明电子设备对人们的生活影响很大。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第四段中“Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. (现在，当父母听到孩子抱怨无聊时，他们会感到一种失败感。他们寻找一种可以立即玩游戏的电子设备。在长途汽车旅行中，我们再也不会因为不耐烦地问“我们到了吗？”而感到无聊，因为各种各样的电子设备已经随身携带，以避免哪怕是一分钟的无聊。)”可知，人们没有给他们的孩子足够的时间去思考和想象。故选B。 （三） （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send. According to data from the Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟), nine of the 10 most-used emojis from 2019 also ranked among the top 10 this year. The tears of joy emoji ranked No.1, despite members of Gen Z deeming it uncool. “It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,” said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. “Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.” And it makes sense that Gen Z would think that certain emojis aren’t fashionable. It’s part of the “teenager experience of creating a sense of subculture where there’s a right way and a wrong way of behaving.” Plus, there is a range of laughter that can be expressed: There’s light chuckling. There’s acknowledgement laughter, which is just a marker of empathy. Using emojis, such as the skull face (“I’m dead”) or crying face ( uncontrollable tears of laughter), can help to illustrate that range. “It basically indicates that we have what we need to communicate a broad range of expression, or even very specific concepts,” Mr Robertson said. “You don’t necessarily need a Covid emoji.” “We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,” said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. “Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,” She added. “We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.” 9．Why does the tears of joy emoji ranked No.1 despite the dislike from the Z generation? A．The emoji is a purely Z generation thing. B．The Z generation are too young to influence the rank. C．Though they dislike it, the Z generation vote for it ultimately. D．The Z generation take up a very small portion in emoji users. 10．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．the virus emoji B．a Covid emoji C．the use of the virus emoji D．the rise in the use of the virus emoji 11．Why wasn’t the virus emoji popular according to Lauren Gawne? A．The massive global pandemic has come to an end. B．The pandemic has little influence on people’s daily life. C．We have a broad range of expression for communication. D．Some new and useful emojis are created to replace the virus emoji. 12．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．The Pandemic and the Emoji. B．Gen Z, the Emoji Generation. C．The Emoji of the Year. D．The Rise of Virus Emoji 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了疫情没有改变人们对表情符号的使用情况。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,’ said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. ‘Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.’(谷歌表情符号研究员Alexander Robertson说，‘这说明有多少人使用表情符号。如果表情符号纯粹是Z世代的东西，那么你就不会看到它排名这么高。’‘由于使用表情符号的人很多，即使一个群体认为某件事很蹩脚，他们也必须是一个非常大的群体才能影响这些统计数据。’)”可知，在Z世代不喜欢的情况下，喜极而泣的表情却能排名第一的原因是Z世代在表情符号用户中所占的比例很小。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji.(我们确实看到使用病毒表情符号的人数有所增加。)”说明使用病毒表情符号的人数有所增加，从而推知划线词句“But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not(但它并没有成为最常用的词汇，因为不管是不是因为疫情，我们仍然有很多欢笑和哭泣的地方)”其中划线词指的是“病毒表情符号”的意思。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,’ said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia.(澳大利亚墨尔本拉筹伯大学语言学高级讲师Lauren Gawne说：‘我们确实看到病毒表情符号的使用有所增加。但它远没有成为最常用的词汇，因为不管是不是因为疫情，我们仍然有很多可以笑的地方，也有很多可以哭的地方。’)”和最后一段“‘Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,’ She added. ‘We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.’(她补充说：‘即使在这场占据了我们大部分时间的大规模全球流行病期间。’‘我们仍然花了很多时间互相祝福生日快乐，或者检查或嘲笑这种缓慢燃烧的奇怪的一些新的和意想不到的元素。’)”可知，根据Lauren Gawne的说法，病毒表情符号不受欢迎的原因是疫情对人们的日常生活影响不大。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send.(这场疫情几乎影响了现代生活的方方面面，从我们穿的衣服到我们吃的食物。然而，有一件事几乎没有改变：我们发送的表情符号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了疫情没有改变人们对表情符号的使用情况以及原因，C项为文章最佳标题。故选C项。 （四） （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末）In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 13．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 14．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of men tal health. 15．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 16．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。 13．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day.(每天使用智能手机超过4小时的青少年比每天使用智能手机不到4小时的青少年有更高的压力、自杀念头和药物使用率。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”，划线词adverse的意思是“不利的，有害的”，和negative意思相近，故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all.(然而，每天使用智能手机1-2小时的青少年遇到的问题比根本不使用智能手机的青少年少。)”可知，从这项新研究的结果可以推断出适量使用智能手机是有益的。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.(为了加深对青少年使用智能手机与健康之间关系的理解，Moon、Cha和同事分析了2017年和2020年超过5万名青少年参与者的数据。)”可知，研究人员通过收集参与者的数据来进行这项研究的，故选D。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use.(在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率，因此最好的题目是D选项“Overuse of smartphones linked to men tal health risks in teenagers.(青少年过度使用智能手机与心理健康风险有关)”，故选D。 （五） （23-24高二上·福建莆田·期末）Self-control is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control. One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores. The psychologist Walter Mischel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat. Based on his research, Mischel proposed what he referred to as a “hot-and-cool” system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses. Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides. 17．What kind of students does the author think will most probably do best in studies? A．Those having the highest IQ scores. B．Those respecting the teacher most. C．Those having the greatest willpower. D．Those performing most actively in class. 18．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Effect. B．Competition. C．Hardship. D．Enjoyment. 19．What can we learn from the experiments made by Mischel in 1975? A．Few children could get two treats. B．Not all the kids were short of patience. C．Most of the children ate another treat. D．Self-control is very important for one’s future. 20．Which of the following behaviors belongs to the cool system? A．Consuming plenty of sweet food. B．Staying up late at night often. C．Copying others’ homework. D．Quitting drinking high-sugar drinks. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了自我控制的定义、重要性以及心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在 1975 年进行的著名实验。 17．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores.（在一项实验中，表现出更强自我控制能力的学生成绩更好，考试分数更高，更有可能被一个有竞争力的学术项目录取。这项研究还发现，当谈到学业成功时，自我控制比智商更重要。）”可知，作者认为自我控制能力（即：意志力）最强的学生在学习上会表现得最好。故选C项。 18．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats.（在这些实验中，孩子们可以选择马上吃一种零食，通常是一块饼干或一颗糖，或者他们可以等待一小段时间以获得两种零食。）”可知，实验中孩子们选择马上吃零食或等待一段时间以获得两种零食，是在选择立刻享受还是延迟享受，所以“delayed gratification”可以理解为“延迟willpower”，划线词词义为“享受、享用”。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat.（毫不奇怪，许多孩子在实验者离开房间的那一刻选择吃单一零食。然而，一些孩子能够等待第二种零食。）”可知，并不是所有的孩子都缺乏耐心。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses.（热系统指的是我们意志力中情绪化和冲动的部分，促使我们按照自己的欲望行事。冷系统是我们意志力中理性和深思熟虑的部分，使我们能够考虑我们行为的后果，以抵制我们的冲动。）”可知，冷系统是意志力中理性和深思熟虑的部分，能让我们考虑行为的后果，抵制冲动。D 项“停止饮用高糖饮料”属于抵制冲动的行为，符合冷系统的特点。故选 D项。 （六） （23-24高二上·江西南昌·期末）“While extroverts (性格外向者) often make great first impressions with their outgoing manner and lively personalities in interviews, that value and reputation at work diminish (削减) over time.” says Corinne Bender, an associate professor of management. “Extroverts disappoint us over time when they’re part of a team,” Bender says. “On a team you’re expected to work hard and contribute a lot. But they’re often poor listeners, and they don’t cooperate.” “On the other hand, introverts (性格内向者) work hard on a team because they care what others think of them. They don’t want to be seen as not pulling their weight or contributing 100%,” Bender says. So while companies may be attracted to hiring extroverts because they impress managers greatly in job interviews, bosses also may want to consider whether the extrovert they are considering will be a valuable team player, Bender says. Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees, such as their ability to put themselves in others’ shoes. “These team members are often easygoing, which can make them exceptional mentors (良师益友) to more junior staff or particularly good sounding boards when you interact with them in one-on-one situations,” Su says. “Managers must try to help introverts find their voice,” Wilkins says. “Help them see that speaking up is not about self-promotion or being in conflict but rather about offering the team key insights, making better decisions or increasing the efficiency for all.” What about those extroverts who never seem to be at a loss for words? Should managers cut them off? Managers definitely should weigh in on how an extrovert is affecting others. Wilkins suggests saying something in private to make adjustments. 21．What do we know about outgoing people according to Bender? A．They are often good listeners. B．They tend to perform well in interviews. C．They often make great contributions. D．They are often good at cooperating. 22．Which can best replace the underlined part “pulling their weight” in Paragraph 3? A．Doing their full share of work. B．Making good choices. C．Trusting others. D．Trying to share their thoughts. 23．What is Su’s attitude towards Bendersky’s words? A．Critical. B．Approving. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 24．What does Wilkins advise managers to do? A．Promote more introverts. B．Learn to work more efficiently. C．Avoid conflict among employees. D．Encourage introverts to speak up. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍性格外向者和内向者在面试和工作中的不同表现。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“extroverts (性格外向者) often make great first impressions with their outgoing manner and lively personalities in interviews (性格外向的人在面试中往往以其外向的态度和活泼的个性给人留下深刻的第一印象)”可知，性格外向的人往往在面试中表现突出。故选B。 22．词句猜测题。根据第三段“On the other hand, introverts (性格内向者) work hard on a team because they care what others think of them. They don’t want to be seen as not pulling their weight or contributing 100% (另一方面，内向的人在团队中努力工作，因为他们关心别人对他们的看法。他们不想被视为没有pulling their weight或贡献100%)”可知，性格内向的人在团队中努力工作，所以他们应该是不想被视为没有尽力或贡献100%，所以pulling their weight的意思应该是“尽力”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第五段“Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees, such as their ability to put themselves in others’ shoes. (Amy Jen Su和Muriel Maignan Wilkins这两位作家对此表示赞同，并表示管理者应该认识到内向员工的优势，比如他们设身处地为他人着想的能力。)”可知，Amy Jen Su对Bendersky的话是赞同的态度。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据第七段“Managers must try to help introverts find their voice (管理者必须努力帮助内向的人找到自己的声音)”可知，Wilkins建议管理者必须努力帮助内向的人发表自己的观点。故选D。 （七） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）When we go about our daily routines, most of us are unaware that beneath our feet lies an outstandingly different community of plants, animals and microbes that makes up our soils. Soils are more than just “dirt” — they’re a major supply of global biodiversity, supporting agriculture and food security, controlling greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and promoting plant, animal and human health. Without them our world wouldn’t be the same. Soil is a living resource. Plants and animals above and below ground depend on the complex processes and interactions taking place in the soil and that enables life on earth. Plants nurture a whole world of creatures in the soil, which in turn feeds and protects the plants. Fighting loss of soil biodiversity is key to global food security and the achievement of more than half of the Sustainable Development Goals. Soil biodiversity plays a vital role in the soil ecosystem as soil organisms (有机体) are responsible for nutrient cycling, controlling the dynamics (有机质) of soil organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions, allowing soils to function properly. Soil biodiversity plays a central role in preserving human health through a range of pathways including water purification, climate stabilization, nutrient and food security. To prevent and minimize soil biodiversity loss, farmers and other land users can adopt sustainable soil management practices. Limiting waste by recycling and reusing will minimize the chances of soil pollution and therefore protect soil biodiversity. Governments should invest in gathering better knowledge about the importance of soil biodiversity and functions, including by region and land cover type. Everyone can provide opportunities to support soil biodiversity around you by protecting insects and the surroundings and allowing branches and leaves to rot naturally. 25．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The routines. B．The creatures. C．The soils. D．The emissions. 26．What role does soil biodiversity play in the ecosystem? A．Providing nutrients to keep the soil healthy. B．Securing food supply to feed more people. C．Improving the human immune system. D．Stopping greenhouse gas emissions. 27．What can be done to stop soil biodiversity loss? A．Purifying water. B．Encouraging recycling. C．Grading the lands. D．Speeding up organisms’ rotting. 28．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Be involved in soil protecting. B．Keep the balance of biodiversity. C．Make full use of soil resources. D．Be aware of the existence of soils. 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了土壤的重要性，强调了土壤生物多样性的关键作用，以及保护土壤生物多样性的必要性和方法。文中通过阐述土壤生态系统的功能、土壤对全球食物安全和可持续发展目标的贡献，以及个人和政府可以采取的保护措施，旨在提高公众对土壤保护意识和参与度。 25．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“When we go about our daily routines, most of us are unaware that beneath our feet lies an outstandingly different community of plants, animals and microbes that makes up our soils. Soils are more than just “dirt” —they’re a major supply of global biodiversity, supporting agriculture and food security, controlling greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and promoting plant, animal and human health. Without them our world wouldn’t be the same. (当我们进行日常生活时，我们大多数人都没有意识到，在我们脚下是一个由植物、动物和微生物组成的截然不同的群落，它们构成了我们的土壤。土壤不仅仅是“泥土”——它们是全球生物多样性的主要来源，支持农业和粮食安全，控制温室气体排放，促进植物、动物和人类健康。没有他们，我们的世界就不一样了。)”可知，划线词them前介绍了土壤的重要性，没有土壤，我们的世界就不一样了。them指代的是前文提到的“soils（土壤）”。A. The routines常规；B. The creatures生物；C. The soils土壤；D. The emissions排放。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Soil biodiversity plays a vital role in the soil ecosystem as soil organisms (有机体) are responsible for nutrient cycling, controlling the dynamics (有机质) of soil organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions, allowing soils to function properly. Soil biodiversity plays a central role in preserving human health through a range of pathways including water purification, climate stabilization, nutrient and food security. (土壤生物多样性在土壤生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，因为土壤生物负责养分循环，控制土壤有机质和温室气体排放的动态，使土壤正常运作。土壤生物多样性通过水净化、气候稳定、营养和粮食安全等一系列途径，在维护人类健康方面发挥着核心作用。)”可知，土壤生物多样性在生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，包括营养循环、控制土壤有机质动态和温室气体排放，以及维持土壤正常功能。选项A“Providing nutrients to keep the soil healthy. (提供养分以保持土壤健康。)”最能概括其作用。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Limiting waste by recycling and reusing will minimize the chances of soil pollution and therefore protect soil biodiversity. (通过回收和再利用来限制废物将最大限度地减少土壤污染的机会，从而保护土壤生物多样性。)”可知，通过回收再利用，从而保护土壤生物多样性，所以要鼓励回收利用。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Everyone can provide opportunities to support soil biodiversity around you by protecting insects and the surroundings and allowing branches and leaves to rot naturally. (每个人都可以提供机会，通过保护昆虫和周围环境，让树枝和叶子自然腐烂，来支持你周围的土壤生物多样性。)”可知，作者建议读者参与到保护土壤的行动中来。故选A。 （八） （23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）Nightmares could be reduced by hearing a sound while you sleep that you previously associated with a positive ending to a bad dream during therapy (治疗). Up to 8 percent of people report having problems with nightmares. The standard treatment is image rehearsal therapy (IRT), which 30 percent of people don’t respond to. IRT involves repeating a previous nightmare but changing it to have a more positive ending. To aid memory recall, some treatments involve an individual hearing a specific sound as they form memories and then having this same sound played to them while they sleep. This is often done during the non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, because dreams and nightmares are more common in REM sleep. Testing the potential of this approach for nightmares, Lampros Perogamvros at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and his colleagues first divided 36 people who had more than one nightmare per week into two groups. Both groups were taught how to carry out IRT themselves at home, which they did for 5 minutes a day over two weeks. Only one group, however, listened to a neutral piano tone while they carried out their IRT. During these two weeks, both groups wore a head band every night that tracked their sleep stage by discovering brain activity. When they entered REM sleep, both groups were played the tone that only one group was exposed to during their at-home IRT. This tone was played at 10 second intervals. At the end of the two weeks, the two groups both reported having more positive dreams. By carrying out this treatment in people’s homes, it could become a widespread intervention to relieve nightmares, says Mark Blagrove at Swansea University, UK. “You could not only have people treated with IRT in the clinician’s room, or therapist’s room, but people could possibly be sent home with these instruments that spot the stages of sleep and have the auditory (听觉的) signal that was played when they were doing IRT presented again during sleep.” he says. 29．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．IRT helps memory. B．IRT makes memories form. C．Not all respond to IRT. D．The new treatment is popular. 30．How did Lampros and his colleagues test the potential of IRT? A．By analyzing data. B．By performing a survey. C．By referring to documents. D．By conducting an experiment. 31．What is Mark Blagrove’s attitude towards the treatment? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Approving 32．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To share a discovery. B．To confirm a concept. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To make an explanation. 【答案】29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在睡觉时听积极的声音可以减少噩梦的频率。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The standard treatment is image rehearsal therapy (IRT), which 30 percent of people don’t respond to.(标准的治疗方法是意象排演疗法（IRT），30%的人对此没有反应。)”可知，30%的人对IRT没有反应，即不是所有人都对IRT有反应。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段首句“Testing the potential of this approach for nightmares, Lampros Perogamvros at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and his colleagues first divided 36 people who had more than one nightmare per week into two groups.(瑞士日内瓦大学的Lampros Perogamvros和他的同事们测试了这种方法治疗噩梦的潜力，他们首先将每周做一次以上噩梦的36人分为两组。)”及下文内容可推知，Lampros Perogamvros和他的同事们通过进行一场实验来测试IRT的潜力。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By carrying out this treatment in people’s homes, it could become a widespread intervention to relieve nightmares, says Mark Blagrove at Swansea University, UK.(英国斯旺西大学的Mark Blagrove说，通过在人们家中进行这种治疗，它可以成为一种广泛的干预措施来缓解噩梦。)”可知，Mark Blagrove认为这种疗法能够成为帮助人们在家缓解噩梦的广泛措施，由此可推测出，他对这种疗法持支持态度。故选D。 32．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Nightmares could be reduced by hearing a sound while you sleep that you previously associated with a positive ending to a bad dream during therapy(治疗).(噩梦可以通过在睡觉时听到一种声音来减少，这种声音以前与治疗期间噩梦的积极结局有关。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项发现，即在睡觉时听积极的声音可以减少噩梦的频率。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·期末）Dopamine (多巴胺), known as the “source of pleasure”, is a chemical that is released in the brain and provides people with a feeling of reward and motivation. Now, China’s young people are seeking to wear that joyfulness on their bodies, giving rise to the fashion craze — “dopamine dressing style”. Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness. Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process. Another 2015 study found that the outfits we wear can directly influence how we think. It suggested that dressing in a certain way can influence the way we make decisions. “What we wear is how we show ourselves to those we interact with—we are influenced by their reaction to it. If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.” one of the leading researchers, Mair added. Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good. It could be joggers and a sport shirt; it could be your favorite pair of jeans; or it could be that dress you were saving for a special occasion. In a word, it’s ok to wear anything that can boost your mood. Color psychologist Karen Haller said: “Color is a great way to lift our spirits and boost our moods in an instant. Our confidence can be boosted when we wear colors that we love and feel good in. We instinctively feel and behave differently when we take the colors in through our eyes and through the part of our brain where our emotions reside.” Ultimately, dopamine dressing is whatever makes you feel good. 33．What makes the dopamine dressing a real hit according to paragraph 1? A．Its featuring only bright colors. B．Its healing and boosting function. C．Its impacting on people’s confidence. D．Its allowing people to wear differently 34．What can we infer from the two studies mentioned in the passage? A．Dopamine dressing is simply a new concept of dressing. B．Dopamine dressing is beneficial to our mental health. C．Dopamine dressing has little to do with our decision making. D．Dopamine dressing can drive us to interact with more people. 35．Which of the following can be considered as dopamine dressing? A．All the students wear school uniform on Mondays. B．My father has to put on a heavy coat in cold weather. C．Jack often follows the trend to buy clothes in dark colors. D．The girl chooses her favorite skirt for her birthday party. 36．Why does the author write the article? A．To demonstrate a pleasant dressing style. B．To convince us to buy more fashionable clothes. C．To arouse our curiosity of the dopamine dressing. D．To promote more people to accept dopamine dressing. 【答案】33．B 34．B 35．D 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种给人带来快乐的穿搭方式——多巴胺穿搭，其服饰多色彩明亮，并倡导自我快乐个性穿着，因有治愈功能和促进心情开朗而颇受当今年轻人的喜爱。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness.(这种穿衣风格以鲜艳的色彩为主要特点，被许多中国网民形容为“治愈”和“情绪助推器”。它一半是时尚，一半是专注)”可知，让多巴胺得以如此受欢迎主要是因为其穿着方式让人治愈并心情大好。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段“If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.(如果我们受到好评，它会建立我们的信心，并最终影响我们的幸福)”可推知，多巴胺穿搭对我们的心理健康有益。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good.(实际上，多巴胺穿搭因人而异。重要的是穿让你感觉良好的衣服)”可知，女孩为她的生日聚会选择了她最喜欢的裙子以被认为是多巴胺穿搭。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process.(多巴胺穿搭并不是什么新鲜事。事实上，2012年发表的一项研究发现，当参与者被要求穿着具有某种象征意义的衣服时，他们的自信会增加。该研究确定，服装可以直接影响他们的心理过程)”结合本文主要介绍了一种给人带来快乐的穿搭方式——多巴胺穿搭，其服饰多色彩明亮，并倡导自我快乐个性穿着，因有治愈功能和促进心情开朗而颇受当今年轻人的喜爱。可推知作者意在展示一种让人快乐的穿着方式。故选A。 （十） （23-24高二上·湖南娄底·期末）Many people cannot live without modern technology products, especially their  smart phones. They use devices to stay in contact with family and friends while driving. The most common method of communication is by sending written messages, a custom known as texting. A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. The finding was reported earlier this month in a scientific publication. Researchers questioned 435 parents from across the United States. Regan Bergmark, who led the survey, said that many people believe texting while driving is unsafe but have also likely done it. In fact, the survey found that 52 percent of millennial (千禧年的) parents said they thought it was “never” safe to text and drive. The same goes for 58 percent of older parents. But almost two-thirds of parents reported reading texts while driving, and more than half of them have also written texts.Millennial parents were more likely to use email while driving and drive faster than the speed limit. “The problem with smartphones is that they have become an unavoidable part of daily life for most people,” Regan said. “Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash. ” In general,it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly. 37．What is the main problem described in Paragraph 2? A．People use smartphones to keep in touch with others. B．People tend to drive faster than the speed limit. C．People tend to write text messages rather than use email. D．People use smartphones while driving despite the danger. 38．What can we infer from Regan’s words? A．People in modern society can’t live without smartphones. B．People are expected to be reachable every second. C．It’s unwise to be always reachable while driving. D．It’s dangerous to drive because of the risk of a crash. 39．In the last paragraph, the author means to . A．summarize the previous paragraphs B．provide some advice for the readers C．add some background information D．introduce a new topic for discussion 40．Where is the text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific report. D．A medical magazine. 【答案】37．D 38．C 39．B 40．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，表明大多数美国家长曾在开车时用手机发过消息，这一行为是很危险的。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. (一项新研究表明，美国超过一半的父母认为在驾驶汽车或其他载具时发消息是不安全的。然而参加调查的人中大多数都表示他们还是这样做过)”可知，第二段描述的主要问题就是人们会不顾危险在开车时使用手机。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段引述Regan的原话“Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash.(许多人都希望能通过电话或电子邮件立即联系到他们，他们的孩子或工作上的事也可以联系到他们。因此，作为一个负责任的成年人，通常意味着总是可以联系到，哪怕是在开车时。时刻保持联系就带来了车祸的风险。)”可知，尽管时刻与外界保持联系是现代社会的要求，但在进行开车这样需要高度专注的活动时还要这样是很不明智、很不安全的。故选C项。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly.(总的来说，开车时用手机是绝对不安全的。有很多的APP能在车辆运转时通过禁用手机功能来帮助限制开车时分心的情况。最简单的做法就是把手机放在眼睛看不到、手碰不着的地方，从而减少因此而分心的诱惑)”可知，作者在最后一段提供了一些关于开车时使用手机的建议。故选B项。 40．推理判断题。总览全文可知，本文内容是关于开车时使用手机的一项调查的结果说明与分析，调查研究最可能出自科学报道。故选C项。 （十一） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 41．Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A．To better understand human empathy. B．To promote the social skills of robots. C．To explore the differences between laughs. D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 42．What can robot Erica probably do at present? A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D．Master the features of laughs provided by data. 43．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Potential. B．Barrier. C．Alternative. D．Division. 44．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B．Can conversational AI really understand us? C．Laughing robots are round the conner. D．Robots become laughing masters. 【答案】41．B 42．D 43．B 44．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。 41．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.(科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。该团队表示，该系统可以提高人与人工智能机器人之间的自然对话)”可知，团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。 42．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.(该团队已经开始教授他们的人工智能系统对话式大笑的艺术。他们从男性受试者和最初由四名女演员远程操作的机器人之间的80多次日常对话中收集了训练数据。对话数据被分为社交笑声（不涉及礼貌或尴尬的笑声）和欢乐的笑声。基于音频文件，该算法学习了社交笑声的基本特征，这些笑声往往更柔和、更快乐，目的是反映这些不恰当的情况)”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。 43．词句猜测题。由文章第三段划线词后文“‘Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,’ said Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.’(Inoue说：“我们在这项工作中最大的______是确定分享笑声的实际案例，因为正如你所知，大多数笑声实际上根本就不是分享的。我们必须仔细决定哪些笑声可以用于我们的分析，我们不能仅仅假设任何笑声都能得到回应。这真的不是一项容易的工作。”)”可知，现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”，所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。 44．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. (笑声有多种形式，从礼貌而安静的笑声到开怀大笑。科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款拥有可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.（会笑的机器人即将问世）为最佳标题。故选C项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$