专题06阅读理解七选五-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末复习专项突破精题精选（人教版2019）

专题06阅读理解七选五 （一） （23-24高二上·河北邢台·期末）Starting a new job can be stressful, and doing so when you work fully from home can bring added challenges. 1 . Get to know your colleagues Not sitting beside your colleagues can feel like a barrier to connect remotely. Attend any online training or other meetings that your team holds, even if they are optional. 2 . And it will also help you build trust and your own reputation. You may well find you click with certain colleagues. Communicate with confidence “ 3 ,” says confidence coach Gemma Holmes. “I always encourage my clients to talk into their webcam (网络摄像头) as if the camera is the eyes of their audience.” It’s best not to stare down the camera lens(镜头)constantly, as this can feel uncomfortable or unnatural. Gemma suggests using sentence patterns like “I am competent in my new role” to boost your confidence. Understand your workplace Working remotely can mean it takes a little longer to know about how people like to work. See if your organization provides things like diagrams that show the team’s structure. You can start and maintain conversations with your line manager and other team members. 4 . For example, you will be less likely to interrupt them if they keep 12 pm to 2 pm as a time to go through emails. 5 Introduce simple techniques like going for a walk, listening to music to achieve this, and making time to meet with friends after work can all help, too. When you’re in a better mindset overall, you’ll be in the best position to settle into your new venture. A．Keep in a good mood B．Eye contact is still relevant C．Pay attention to their immediate responses D．This will surely help you get to know others E．This will definitely contribute to your better mindset F．You can adjust yourself to settling into a remote role, though G．Understanding how they like to work will help not just you but them （二） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Do you think that your life stay unchanged? Have you reached a point where things are ok, but not very exciting? If you do feel these things, then it is time to do something to increase the quality of your life. 6 What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can. So, how can you increase the quality of your life? Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time. 7 Treats can be free, and you can always spare time if you want to. Make a daily plan. Do you wake up in the morning with a feeling that there is just so much to get done? Start each day by focusing on what to do, and then make a list for that day. A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks. 8 Grow a positive thinking habit. Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life. 9 It will take work, but changing the way you think will bring greater happiness and make your quality of life much better. “Can do” is a fantastic motto for life. Why not buy a T-shirt with “YESICAN” on the front? Life is good. You are lucky to be alive. Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy. 10 . Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life. Be positive, and be happy. A．Life is what you make it. B．Don’t waste them being negative. C．Stop being a defeatist and start being an optimist. D．Don’t make excuses about not having time or money. E．It is a good idea to think of something cheap as a treat. F．Everyone at some time feels that their life is going nowhere. G．Crossing completed jobs off your list will make you feel positive. （三） （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期末）As humans, we’re meant to be social creatures. In fact, being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health. 11 This can cause us to cut ourselves off from others and gradually become lonely. Social situations can seem frightening, but the truth is never quite so black-and-white. People aren’t thinking about you—at least not to the degree that you think. 12 Just like you’re thinking about yourself, other people are thinking about themselves. They’re not spending their free time judging you, so stop wasting time worrying about what others think of you. 13 When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is fully confident. But that’s not the case. There are still many shy people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are. The next person you speak to is just as likely to be worried about what you think of them! You don’t have to be perfect to be liked. In fact, our imperfections can be pleasant. 14 If you can cheerfully accept your awkwardness and imperfections, you’ll likely find that others will, too. They may even like you better for it! It’s okay to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes; it’s part of being human. 15 Your value doesn’t come from being perfect. If you find self-forgiveness difficult, try to look at your own mistakes as you would those of a friend. Overcoming social fear requires practice. Don’t expect to become socially comfortable without putting in the time. That said, you can start small. Take baby steps towards being more confident and social, and then build on those successes. A．So give yourself a break when you mess up. B．Most people are caught up in their own lives. C．The good news is that you can learn from them. D．People are much more confident than you think. E．Even our weaknesses can bring us closer to others. F．Many other people feel just as awkward and nervous as you do. G．Yet many of us are shy and feel awkward around unfamiliar people. （四） （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·期末）It is believed that it’s dangerous to have plants in the bedroom. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and produce oxygen (氧气) in the day. 16 . The build-up of CO₂ is a real problem for indoor air quality, which has been shown to influence health, so it is easy to see where the concern comes from. But to consider whether sharing our bedroom with our plants can harm health, we should consider three things. Firstly, how much CO₂ do plants produce at night compared with what they take in during the day? 17 For the answer depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that large houseplants take in between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they produce at night. 18 A single human breath contains around 40, 000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours, so you might want to throw your partner out before your plants. Finally, we don’t live in the sealed (密封的) boxes in which these studies are carried out. 19 The air is even exchanged when we move around. According to one recent review, we need houseplants to keep indoor air fresh, and to fight some pollution. 20 Let’s enjoy houseplants whenever we like, because if sleeping near plants were bad for our health, camping in a forest would be deadly. A．This is hard to answer. B．So, they are quite necessary. C．The question has more than one answer. D．Besides, we often share a room with someone else. E．Indoor air is being exchanged through doors and windows. F．At night they compete with us for the air we breathe while asleep. G．Secondly, compare the influence of a plant with that of a person sharing a room. （五） （23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期末）Scientists test their hypothesis (假设) either through experiment or field work and the process is filled with changes. Carry out experiments 21 . You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study. In an experiment, a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on. The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and other small, enclosed settings for their experiment. 22 . Conduct field work In field work, a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment, a specific place in the world, and records exactly what is observed there at the time. 23 . So field work is almost always new and original. The difficult part with field work is that while you are recording your observations, you must make sure that you yourself are not interfering (干涉) with your subject simply by being there. For instance, you cannot count birds in a tree if you scare any away. 24 Scientists are like detectives — they try to solve mysteries. Experiments are part of scientist’s detective kit. When you want to prove a theory true or false, create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe. You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing, this change will cause something else to happen. 25 . If your change causes something else to happen, this “something else” is called the responding variable, because it is responding to the change. A．Create variables B．Watch the process C．You are studying a unique situation every time D．It is much easier to control things in such environments E．And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable F．You focus your attention on just a few things, instead of on everything G．Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create （六） （23-24高二上·江西九江·期末）Have you been hanging out with a guy and wondering “Does he like me?” We’re here to help you figure it out! 26 See if he makes eye contact with you when you’re around. If you notice the guy looking you in the eyes, try meeting his gaze with a smile, and hold it for a few seconds 27 Pay attention to whether he smiles around you 28 If the guy you’re around always lights up as soon as he sees you, it could mean that he has a crush on you! Ask yourself whether he seems nervous or awkward when you are around. Sometimes, guys can get a little bashful (害羞) when they like someone. If you notice that a guy blushes, stammers (口吃) or gets quiet when you come around, he might have a crush on you, although he could just be naturally shy. 29 If you’re talking to a guy or hanging out with him as part of a group, you might notice that whenever you touch your face or your hair, he does the same thing. Subconsciously mirroring someone else’s behavior is a sign that you’re attracted to them, so that could be a good clue that he’s into you. Observe whether his body and feet are angled toward you. Without realizing it, we tend to lean toward people we like. 30 When you’re talking to the guy in question, watch whether he turns his body toward you or away from you. You can also watch whether his feet are pointing toward you, which can be another sign that he’s interested. A．Watch whether he mirrors your behavior. B．Watch whether he finds excuses to touch you. C．Read on for all the signs a guy likes you. D．When you like someone, you can’t help but smile when they’re near. E．And we lean away from people we don’t like. F．That means he has feelings for you. G．If he doesn’t look away, he might be interested in you, especially if he smiles back. （七） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）Kindness gives me a boost, mentally and physically, which is not just beneficial for the receiver, but also for the giver. If someone really loves the gift you’ve chosen for them, the pleasure of giving can be even stronger than that of receiving. But such feelings don’t always sit comfortably with us. 31 Traditionally, it is tied up with beliefs of self sacrifice (牺牲) and putting other people’s welfare ahead of your own. Indeed. some researchers argue that a key element is that the person performing the act must give up something in order to help someone else. 32 If I give up my seat to an older person on a crowded tube, she ends up sitting and I standing. I’ve lost out by my kindness. Similarly, if you give up several hours to volunteer, you are sacrificing time to help others. 33 Yet when I offer my seat, or you volunteer your time, we tend to feel a warm glow of self-satisfaction. 34 We can act kindly now, even if it’s at some cost to us, in the knowledge that at some point in the future someone will act in a kind way towards us when we need help. Reciprocity (互惠) has helped humans to work together, survive for many thousands of years. 35 Rather, it is a shared, two-way devotion. Only in extreme situations does kindness involve the complete or near complete self sacrifice, such as when people risk their life to save the lives of others. And even in these situations, if the heroes survive, they can personally gain from their action through a huge improvement to their reputation. A．This may physically be the case. B．Kindness isn’t simply an activity. C．Shouldn’t true kindness be selfless? D．We can also benefit through interactions. E．You are not directly benefiting from your kindness. F．This requires effort and isn’t always fully appreciated. G．Why not value the advantages we gain from our kindness? （八） （23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）What makes a healthy relationship? Every relationship is unique, and people come together for many different reasons. Part of what defines a healthy relationship is sharing a common goal. What do you want the relationship to be? 36 ? And that’s something you’ll know only by talking deeply and honestly with your partner. However, there are also some common features of most healthy relationships. Knowing these common principles can help keep your relationship meaningful, fulfilling and exciting whatever goals you’re working towards or challenges you’re facing together. 37 . ●You maintain a meaningful emotional connection with each other. You each make the other feel loved and emotionally fulfilled. There’s a difference between being loved and feeling loved. When you feel loved, it makes you feel accepted and valued by your partner, like someone truly gets you. Some relationships get stuck in peaceful coexistence. 38 . While the union may seem stable on the surface, a lack of ongoing involvement and emotional connection serves only to add distance between two people. ● 39 . Some couples talk things out quietly, while others may raise their voices and passionately disagree. The key in a strong relationship, though, is not to be fearful of conflict. You need to feel safe to express things that bother you without fear of revenge, and be able to resolve conflict without humiliation, degradation (丢脸), or insisting on being right. ●You keep outside relationships and interests alive. Despite the claims of romantic fiction or movies, no one person can meet all of your needs. 40 . To stimulate and enrich your romantic relationship, it’s important to sustain your own identity outside of the relationship, preserve connections with family and friends, and maintain your hobbies and interests. A．When do you establish it B．Where do you want it to go C．You keep away from conflict D．You’re not afraid of disagreement E．However, there are no partners truly relating to each other emotionally F．Here are a few principles that you need obey to make a healthy relationship G．Expecting too much from your partner put unhealthy stress on a relationship （九） （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·期末）When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react. 41 Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding. 42 There is plenty you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, “affect labeling”, or naming your emotions, helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. 43 You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive. 44 When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever. 45 But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity. A．But the external matters too. B．But you often regret reacting. C．I’ve experienced this firsthand. D．There are no silver bullet solutions. E．I have figured out how to deal with this. F．On the one hand, reacting is crucial for our humanity. G．Responding, related to responsibility, is considerate. （十） （23-24高二上·湖南益阳·期末）It’s an invasion! Nope, not an alien invasion-a video game invasion. According to Medicine News Today, more than 150 million people in the United States play video games for at least 3 hours per week. 46 Video games’ negative effects on children’s education. Given the increase in the number of students who are searching for and playing video games. it’s easy for students to switch from educational sites to computer games with newly convenient availability to computers and tablets. Studies from the University of Montreal discovered that playing “shooter” games can harm the hippocampus area of the brain, killing brain cells and make the brain lose cells. 47 For example, increasing the chances of schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and depression. Video games promote violence. A study asked some participants to play violent games in their lab, while others played nonviolent games, then they measured the behavior of each group in social experiments afterward. These studies show that playing violent games results in instant changes to behavior. 48 and even physical injuries, however, people do not know that addiction to playing games can also cause it. 49 Constantly playing video games can deteriorate personal hygiene and cause migraines due to eye strain. Studies show that video game addiction also correlates with depression and substance abuse, which are problems kids should not be facing at such young ages. It’s unhealthy for children to stay indoors looking at a screen all day long. 50 Instead of playing video games all days, however, with video gaming being a popular entertainment method, it’s difficult to realize all the negative effects it causes to the brain and body. So it’s time we take a closer look at these negative effects before mindlessly gaming all day. A．It is not easy to find the bad effects. B．Video games harm children physically. C．Kids should be connected with activities outside. D．Education is affected by playing video games directly. E．Damage to this part of the brain can also have influences. F．Many people know aggressive behavior can be caused by many mental health issues. G．The continuous need to play video games has several negative effects on children’s minds and bodies. （十一） （23-24高二上·广东汕头·期末）If you get a cotton (棉花) ball out of a brand-new bottle of pills (药片), you may probably wonder what it is used for. This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? 51 The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. 52 It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. Decades later, pill coatings made the cotton balls useless. The coatings on pills ensured they were no longer in danger of breaking apart in the bottle. Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. 53 Why? It had become a custom. According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. 54 They might be an annoyance, surely. But customers have been used to the cotton balls. Many have believed their pills are somehow safer or fresher because of them. 55 The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. It’s said that the cotton can actually draw moisture (潮气) into the bottle. Too much moisture could affect pills’ effect. A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They’re out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls’ secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06阅读理解七选五 （一） （23-24高二上·河北邢台·期末）Starting a new job can be stressful, and doing so when you work fully from home can bring added challenges. 1 . Get to know your colleagues Not sitting beside your colleagues can feel like a barrier to connect remotely. Attend any online training or other meetings that your team holds, even if they are optional. 2 . And it will also help you build trust and your own reputation. You may well find you click with certain colleagues. Communicate with confidence “ 3 ,” says confidence coach Gemma Holmes. “I always encourage my clients to talk into their webcam (网络摄像头) as if the camera is the eyes of their audience.” It’s best not to stare down the camera lens(镜头)constantly, as this can feel uncomfortable or unnatural. Gemma suggests using sentence patterns like “I am competent in my new role” to boost your confidence. Understand your workplace Working remotely can mean it takes a little longer to know about how people like to work. See if your organization provides things like diagrams that show the team’s structure. You can start and maintain conversations with your line manager and other team members. 4 . For example, you will be less likely to interrupt them if they keep 12 pm to 2 pm as a time to go through emails. 5 Introduce simple techniques like going for a walk, listening to music to achieve this, and making time to meet with friends after work can all help, too. When you’re in a better mindset overall, you’ll be in the best position to settle into your new venture. A．Keep in a good mood B．Eye contact is still relevant C．Pay attention to their immediate responses D．This will surely help you get to know others E．This will definitely contribute to your better mindset F．You can adjust yourself to settling into a remote role, though G．Understanding how they like to work will help not just you but them 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些有助于适应远程工作的方法。 1．根据上文“Starting a new job can be stressful, and doing so when you work fully from home can bring added challenges.(开始一份新工作可能会有压力，当你完全在家工作时，会带来更多的挑战)”结合后文主要介绍了一些开展远程工作的方法，可知本句与上文构成转折关系，指出可以适应。故F选项“不过，你可以调整自己，适应一个远程的角色”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据标题“Get to know your colleagues(了解你的同事)”；上文“Not sitting beside your colleagues can feel like a barrier to connect remotely. Attend any online training or other meetings that your team holds, even if they are optional.(没有坐在同事身边可能会让你觉得远程沟通是一种障碍。参加任何在线培训或团队举行的其他会议，即使它们是可选的)”以及后文“And it will also help you build trust and your own reputation. You may well find you click with certain colleagues.(它也会帮助你建立信任和你自己的声誉。你可能会发现你和某些同事很合得来)”可知，本句承接上文，说明参加在线培训或会议的好处，故D选项“这无疑会帮助你了解别人”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据后文“I always encourage my clients to talk into their webcam (网络摄像头) as if the camera is the eyes of their audience.(我总是鼓励我的客户对着他们的网络摄像头说话，就好像摄像头是他们观众的眼睛一样)”可知，后文提到把网络摄像头当做眼睛，说明强调了眼神交流的重要性，故B选项“目光接触仍然很重要”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“Working remotely can mean it takes a little longer to know about how people like to work. See if your organization provides things like diagrams that show the team’s structure. You can start and maintain conversations with your line manager and other team members.(远程工作可能意味着需要更长的时间来了解人们喜欢的工作方式。看看你的组织是否提供了像图表这样的东西来显示团队的结构。你可以开始与你的部门经理和其他团队成员进行对话并保持对话)”以及后文“For example, you will be less likely to interrupt them if they keep 12 pm to 2 pm as a time to go through emails.(例如，如果他们把下午12点到下午2点作为处理邮件的时间，你就不太可能打扰他们了)”可知，后文的例子表明了解别人的工作方式可以避免打扰到别人，对他人也有好处。故G选项“了解他们喜欢的工作方式不仅对你有帮助，对他们也有帮助”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据本段内容“Introduce simple techniques like going for a walk, listening to music to achieve this, and making time to meet with friends after work can all help, too. When you’re in a better mindset overall, you’ll be in the best position to settle into your new venture.(介绍一些简单的技巧，比如散步，听音乐，下班后找时间和朋友见面，这些都有帮助。当你整体心态更好的时候，你就会处于适应新事业的最佳位置)”可知，后文提到了让整体心态更好，即本段的主旨是保持好心情，故A选项“保持好心情”符合语境，故选A。 （二） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Do you think that your life stay unchanged? Have you reached a point where things are ok, but not very exciting? If you do feel these things, then it is time to do something to increase the quality of your life. 6 What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can. So, how can you increase the quality of your life? Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time. 7 Treats can be free, and you can always spare time if you want to. Make a daily plan. Do you wake up in the morning with a feeling that there is just so much to get done? Start each day by focusing on what to do, and then make a list for that day. A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks. 8 Grow a positive thinking habit. Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life. 9 It will take work, but changing the way you think will bring greater happiness and make your quality of life much better. “Can do” is a fantastic motto for life. Why not buy a T-shirt with “YESICAN” on the front? Life is good. You are lucky to be alive. Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy. 10 . Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life. Be positive, and be happy. A．Life is what you make it. B．Don’t waste them being negative. C．Stop being a defeatist and start being an optimist. D．Don’t make excuses about not having time or money. E．It is a good idea to think of something cheap as a treat. F．Everyone at some time feels that their life is going nowhere. G．Crossing completed jobs off your list will make you feel positive. 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．G 9．C 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以提高生活质量的方法。 6．下文“What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can.(更重要的是，你只有一次机会，所以你需要尽你所能把它做到最好。)”提到了尽力做到最好，A选项中make it是关键词与下文的make it呼应，所以A选项“生活是你自己创造的。”符合语境，说明生活的来源是靠自己。故选A项。 7．上文“Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time.(犒劳自己。不管是出去吃饭还是去看电影都没关系。让第一件事成为你梦寐以求的一件事。)”提到了可以犒劳自己的一些事情，所以D选项“不要找借口说没有时间或没有钱。”能承接上文内容，构成顺承关系。故选D项。 8．上文“A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks.(花几分钟列个清单可以防止你忘记一些重要的事情，还可以帮助你优先考虑你的任务。)”提到了列清单，G选项中list是关键词与上文的list呼应，所以G选项“把已经完成的工作从你的工作清单上划掉会让你感觉积极。”和上文构成顺承关系，说明列清单的作用。故选G项。 9．上文“Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life.(你有消极的想法吗?消极会损害你的生活质量。)”提到了消极思想的危害，所以选项应该说明做一个什么样的人。C选项“不要再做一个失败主义者，开始做一个乐观主义者。”承接上文，构成顺承关系。故选C项。 10．上文“Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy.(好好享受你在地球上的时光吧。)”给出了建议；下文“Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life.(遵循上面的建议，你一定会提高你的生活质量。)”提到了遵循建议，B选项“不要把时间浪费在消极上”和上文并列也属于建议的内容，符合语境。故选B项。 （三） （23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期末）As humans, we’re meant to be social creatures. In fact, being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health. 11 This can cause us to cut ourselves off from others and gradually become lonely. Social situations can seem frightening, but the truth is never quite so black-and-white. People aren’t thinking about you—at least not to the degree that you think. 12 Just like you’re thinking about yourself, other people are thinking about themselves. They’re not spending their free time judging you, so stop wasting time worrying about what others think of you. 13 When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is fully confident. But that’s not the case. There are still many shy people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are. The next person you speak to is just as likely to be worried about what you think of them! You don’t have to be perfect to be liked. In fact, our imperfections can be pleasant. 14 If you can cheerfully accept your awkwardness and imperfections, you’ll likely find that others will, too. They may even like you better for it! It’s okay to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes; it’s part of being human. 15 Your value doesn’t come from being perfect. If you find self-forgiveness difficult, try to look at your own mistakes as you would those of a friend. Overcoming social fear requires practice. Don’t expect to become socially comfortable without putting in the time. That said, you can start small. Take baby steps towards being more confident and social, and then build on those successes. A．So give yourself a break when you mess up. B．Most people are caught up in their own lives. C．The good news is that you can learn from them. D．People are much more confident than you think. E．Even our weaknesses can bring us closer to others. F．Many other people feel just as awkward and nervous as you do. G．Yet many of us are shy and feel awkward around unfamiliar people. 【答案】11．G 12．B 13．F 14．E 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种克服社交焦虑，建立正确社交的方法。 11．上文“In fact, being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health.(事实上，与社会保持联系是我们心理和情感健康的关键)”说明与社会保持联系很重要，下文“This can cause us to cut ourselves off from others and gradually become lonely.(这会导致我们与他人隔绝，并逐渐变得孤独)”阐述了另外一种结果，G项“然而，我们中的许多人都很害羞，在陌生的人面前感到尴尬”与上文是转折关系，且指出下文中this指代的内容，符合题意。故选G项。 12．下文“Just like you’re thinking about yourself, other people are thinking about themselves.(就像你在思考自己，其他人也在思考自己)”说明每个人都在想自己的事，B项“大多数人都沉浸在自己的生活中”与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选B项。 13．下文“When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is fully confident. But that’s not the case. There are still many shy people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are.(当你对社交感到焦虑时，似乎其他人都很自信。但事实并非如此。仍然有很多害羞的人和你一样在与自我怀疑作斗争)”说明大家都跟你一样对社交感到焦虑，F项“许多其他人和你一样感到尴尬和紧张”与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选F项。 14．上文“You don’t have to be perfect to be liked. In fact, our imperfections can be pleasant. (你不一定要完美才能被人喜欢。事实上，我们的不完美是令人愉快的)”指出正是我们的不完美令人感到愉快，E项“即使是我们的弱点也能拉近我们与他人的距离”与上文紧密衔接，our weaknesses对应上文中our imperfections，符合语境。故选E项。 15．上文“It’s okay to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes; it’s part of being human.(犯错误是可以的。每个人都会犯错；这是做人的一部分)”说明每个人都会犯错，犯错误是可以被接受的，A项“所以，当你陷入困境时，让自己休息一下”对你犯错误时提供了解决方案，与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A项。 （四） （23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·期末）It is believed that it’s dangerous to have plants in the bedroom. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and produce oxygen (氧气) in the day. 16 . The build-up of CO₂ is a real problem for indoor air quality, which has been shown to influence health, so it is easy to see where the concern comes from. But to consider whether sharing our bedroom with our plants can harm health, we should consider three things. Firstly, how much CO₂ do plants produce at night compared with what they take in during the day? 17 For the answer depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that large houseplants take in between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they produce at night. 18 A single human breath contains around 40, 000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours, so you might want to throw your partner out before your plants. Finally, we don’t live in the sealed (密封的) boxes in which these studies are carried out. 19 The air is even exchanged when we move around. According to one recent review, we need houseplants to keep indoor air fresh, and to fight some pollution. 20 Let’s enjoy houseplants whenever we like, because if sleeping near plants were bad for our health, camping in a forest would be deadly. A．This is hard to answer. B．So, they are quite necessary. C．The question has more than one answer. D．Besides, we often share a room with someone else. E．Indoor air is being exchanged through doors and windows. F．At night they compete with us for the air we breathe while asleep. G．Secondly, compare the influence of a plant with that of a person sharing a room. 【答案】16．F 17．A 18．G 19．E 20．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了和植物共用卧室是否会损害健康，并告诉我们植物对我们的重要性。 16．根据前文“It is believed that it’s dangerous to have plants in the bedroom. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and produce oxygen (氧气) in the day.(人们认为卧室里有植物是危险的。植物在白天吸收二氧化碳(CO₂)并产生氧气)”及后文“The build-up of CO₂ is a real problem for indoor air quality, which has been shown to influence health, so it is easy to see where the concern comes from.(二氧化碳的积累是影响健康的室内空气质量的真正问题，因此很容易看出担忧的来源)”可知，空处描述人们认为卧室夜间摆放植物危害的原因，F选项“在晚上，它们与我们争夺我们睡觉时呼吸的空气”解释原因。故选F项。 17．空前“Firstly, how much CO₂ do plants produce at night compared with what they take in during the day? (首先，与白天吸收的二氧化碳相比，植物在晚上产生多少CO₂？)”提出问题，表明“植物在夜间产生的二氧化碳与白天吸收的相比有多少？”后文“For the answer depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature.(因为答案取决于各种因素，从物种到光照水平，甚至是室温)”可知，这个问题是难以回答的，A选项“这个问题很难回答”符合语境。故选A项。 18．根据前文firstly，后文finally及后文“A single human breath contains around 40, 000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours, so you might want to throw your partner out before your plants.(一个人的呼吸中含有大约40000ppm的二氧化碳，是一株植物在8小时内释放的二氧化碳的10倍以上，所以你可能想在你的植物之前把你的伴侣扔出去)”可知，该空应讲第二点，且把植物和人作比较，G选项“其次，比较一棵植物和一个人共用一个房间的影响”符合语境，引起下文。故选G项。 19．前文“Finally, we don’t live in the sealed (密封的) boxes in which these studies are carried out.(最后，我们并不生活在进行这些研究的密封盒子里)”及后文“The air is even exchanged when we move around.(当我们走动时，空气也在交换)”可知，E选项“室内空气通过门窗进行交换”表明与植物对比，人的生活空间与外界相连，没有处在研究实验条件下，空气是流通的，且解释下一句。故选E项。 20．根据前文“According to one recent review, we need houseplants to keep indoor air fresh, and to fight some pollution.(根据最近的一篇综述，我们需要室内植物来保持室内空气新鲜，并对抗一些污染)”可知，植物对我们是重要的，B选项“所以，它们是非常必要的”中they指代植物，符合前文语境。故选B项。 （五） （23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期末）Scientists test their hypothesis (假设) either through experiment or field work and the process is filled with changes. Carry out experiments 21 . You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study. In an experiment, a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on. The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and other small, enclosed settings for their experiment. 22 . Conduct field work In field work, a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment, a specific place in the world, and records exactly what is observed there at the time. 23 . So field work is almost always new and original. The difficult part with field work is that while you are recording your observations, you must make sure that you yourself are not interfering (干涉) with your subject simply by being there. For instance, you cannot count birds in a tree if you scare any away. 24 Scientists are like detectives — they try to solve mysteries. Experiments are part of scientist’s detective kit. When you want to prove a theory true or false, create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe. You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing, this change will cause something else to happen. 25 . If your change causes something else to happen, this “something else” is called the responding variable, because it is responding to the change. A．Create variables B．Watch the process C．You are studying a unique situation every time D．It is much easier to control things in such environments E．And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable F．You focus your attention on just a few things, instead of on everything G．Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create 【答案】21．G 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们验证他们的假设的一些方法。 21．由下文“You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study. In an experiment, a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on. The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and other small, enclosed settings for their experiment.(你可以制作一个你想要研究的现实世界的更简单或更小的版本。在一项实验中，科学家试图观察一件事是如何影响他们正在研究的课题的。困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”可知，科学家们会根据自己研究的课题，通过在实验室里创建一个自己能够控制的，比要研究的现实世界更简单或更小的环境来开展实验；G选项“Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create(实验观察是在你创造的受控环境中进行的)”符合语境。故选G。 22．上文“The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and other small, enclosed settings for their experiment.(困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”说明做实验中最困难部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境，因此科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境；D选项“It is much easier to control things in such environments(在这样的环境中，控制事情要容易得多)”承接上文，指出科学家们在实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境能够让事情更容易控制，符合语境；代词“It”指代上文中的“use test tubes, and other small, enclosed settings for their experiment”。故选D。 23．上文“In field work, a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment, a specific place in the world, and records exactly what is observed there at the time.(在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，世界上一个特定的地方，并准确地记录下当时在那里观察到的东西。)”可知，在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，记录在一个特定的地方当时观察到的东西，因此，每次研究的情况都是不同的，独特的；C选项“You are studying a unique situation every time(你每次都在研究一个独特的情况)”符合语境，且与下文“So field work is almost always new and original.(因此，实地工作几乎总是新颖的、原创的。)”构成因果关系。故选C。 24．设空处为小标题；根据下文中“When you want to prove a theory true or false, create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe. You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing, this change will cause something else to happen.(当你想证明一个理论是对还是错时，创建一个实验来测试你可以观察到的一件事。你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”以及“If your change causes something else to happen, this “something else” is called the responding variable, because it is responding to the change.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应变化。)”可知，本段主要阐述科学家通过创建变量来证明一个理论是对还是错，测试自己观察到的事情；A选项“Create variables(创建变量)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。故选A。 25．上文“You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing, this change will cause something else to happen.(你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”说明科学家想证明一个理论是对还是错时，会在一个设置好的环境中故意只改变一件事，而这个改变会导致其他事情的发生；E选项“And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable(你故意改变的东西叫做变化变量)”承接上文，告诉读者科学家故意改变的东西就是“变化变量”；下文“If your change causes something else to happen, this “something else” is called the responding variable, because it is responding to the change.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应更改。)”介绍了由于改变而导致发生的其他事情则是“响应变量（responding variable）”。由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。 （六） （23-24高二上·江西九江·期末）Have you been hanging out with a guy and wondering “Does he like me?” We’re here to help you figure it out! 26 See if he makes eye contact with you when you’re around. If you notice the guy looking you in the eyes, try meeting his gaze with a smile, and hold it for a few seconds 27 Pay attention to whether he smiles around you 28 If the guy you’re around always lights up as soon as he sees you, it could mean that he has a crush on you! Ask yourself whether he seems nervous or awkward when you are around. Sometimes, guys can get a little bashful (害羞) when they like someone. If you notice that a guy blushes, stammers (口吃) or gets quiet when you come around, he might have a crush on you, although he could just be naturally shy. 29 If you’re talking to a guy or hanging out with him as part of a group, you might notice that whenever you touch your face or your hair, he does the same thing. Subconsciously mirroring someone else’s behavior is a sign that you’re attracted to them, so that could be a good clue that he’s into you. Observe whether his body and feet are angled toward you. Without realizing it, we tend to lean toward people we like. 30 When you’re talking to the guy in question, watch whether he turns his body toward you or away from you. You can also watch whether his feet are pointing toward you, which can be another sign that he’s interested. A．Watch whether he mirrors your behavior. B．Watch whether he finds excuses to touch you. C．Read on for all the signs a guy likes you. D．When you like someone, you can’t help but smile when they’re near. E．And we lean away from people we don’t like. F．That means he has feelings for you. G．If he doesn’t look away, he might be interested in you, especially if he smiles back. 【答案】26．C 27．G 28．D 29．A 30．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了判断这个男人是否喜欢你的依据。 26．由上文“Have you been hanging out with a guy and wondering “Does he like me?” We’re here to help you figure it out! (你是否在和一个男人出去玩，并且想知道“他喜欢我吗？”我们来帮助你解决这个问题！)”可知，本空要说跟“判断依据”有关的话题，由后文“See if he makes eye contact with you when you’re around. (当你在他身边时，看他是否和你有眼神交流。)”可知，本句要表达“下面是判断依据”有关的话题，故C选项“Read on for all the signs a guy likes you. (往下读，看看男人喜欢你的所有迹象)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 27．由上文“See if he makes eye contact with you when you’re around. If you notice the guy looking you in the eyes, try meeting his gaze with a smile, and hold it for a few seconds (当你在他身边时，看他是否和你有眼神交流。如果你注意到他在看你的眼睛，试着对他微笑，保持几秒钟)”可知，本空要说跟“眼神交流”有关的话题，故G选项“If he doesn’t look away, he might be interested in you, especially if he smiles back. (如果他不把目光移开，他可能会对你感兴趣，尤其是当他微笑着回应的时候。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 28．由上文“Pay attention to whether he smiles around you. (注意他是否在你身边微笑。)”可知，本空要说跟“在你身边微笑”有关的话题，故D选项“When you like someone, you can’t help but smile when they’re near. (当你喜欢一个人时，当他们靠近时，你会忍不住微笑。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 29．由下文“If you’re talking to a guy or hanging out with him as part of a group, you might notice that whenever you touch your face or your hair, he does the same thing. Subconsciously mirroring someone else’s behavior is a sign that you’re attracted to them, so that could be a good clue that he’s into you. (如果你和一个男人聊天或者和他一起出去玩，你可能会注意到每当你摸你的脸或头发时，他也会这样做。下意识地模仿别人的行为是你被他们吸引的信号，所以这可能是他喜欢你的一个很好的线索。)”可知，本空要说跟“是否做同样事情”有关的话题，故A选项“Watch whether he mirrors your behavior. (注意他是否模仿你的行为)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 30．由上文“Observe whether his body and feet are angled toward you. Without realizing it, we tend to lean toward people we like. (观察他的身体和脚是否向你倾斜。在没有意识到这一点的情况下，我们倾向于向我们喜欢的人倾斜。)”可知，如果他的身体和脚向你倾斜，这意味着他喜欢你，故E选项“And we lean away from people we don’t like. (这意味着他对你有感情。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 （七） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期末）Kindness gives me a boost, mentally and physically, which is not just beneficial for the receiver, but also for the giver. If someone really loves the gift you’ve chosen for them, the pleasure of giving can be even stronger than that of receiving. But such feelings don’t always sit comfortably with us. 31 Traditionally, it is tied up with beliefs of self sacrifice (牺牲) and putting other people’s welfare ahead of your own. Indeed. some researchers argue that a key element is that the person performing the act must give up something in order to help someone else. 32 If I give up my seat to an older person on a crowded tube, she ends up sitting and I standing. I’ve lost out by my kindness. Similarly, if you give up several hours to volunteer, you are sacrificing time to help others. 33 Yet when I offer my seat, or you volunteer your time, we tend to feel a warm glow of self-satisfaction. 34 We can act kindly now, even if it’s at some cost to us, in the knowledge that at some point in the future someone will act in a kind way towards us when we need help. Reciprocity (互惠) has helped humans to work together, survive for many thousands of years. 35 Rather, it is a shared, two-way devotion. Only in extreme situations does kindness involve the complete or near complete self sacrifice, such as when people risk their life to save the lives of others. And even in these situations, if the heroes survive, they can personally gain from their action through a huge improvement to their reputation. A．This may physically be the case. B．Kindness isn’t simply an activity. C．Shouldn’t true kindness be selfless? D．We can also benefit through interactions. E．You are not directly benefiting from your kindness. F．This requires effort and isn’t always fully appreciated. G．Why not value the advantages we gain from our kindness? 【答案】31．C 32．A 33．E 34．D 35．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了善良行为对于施与者和接受者都有益处，提倡在评估善良行为时不仅要考虑牺牲与回报的平衡，还要重视善良行为本身带来的心理和社会效益。 31．根据上文的“If someone really loves the gift you’ve chosen for them, the pleasure of giving can be even stronger than that of receiving. But such feelings don’t always sit comfortably with us.(如果有人真的喜欢你为他们选择的礼物，那么给予的快乐甚至比接受的快乐更强烈。但这种感觉并不总是让我们感到舒服)”和下文的“Traditionally, it is tied up with beliefs of self sacrifice and putting other people’s welfare ahead of your own. Indeed. some researchers argue that a key element is that the person performing the act must give up something in order to help some one else. (传统上，它与自我牺牲的信念和把别人的利益放在自己的利益之前联系在一起。确实。一些研究人员认为，一个关键因素是，实施行为的人必须放弃一些东西来帮助其他人)”可知，C项(真正的善良不应该是无私的吗？)承接上文，针对人们在付出时会感到吃亏了，从而不舒服提出问题，指出做好事应该不求回报，下文继续进行说明这一点，故选C项。 32．根据上文的“Traditionally, it is tied up with beliefs of self sacrifice and putting other people’s welfare ahead of your own. Indeed. some researchers argue that a key element is that the person performing the act must give up something in order to help some one else. (传统上，它与自我牺牲的信念和把别人的利益放在自己的利益之前联系在一起。确实。一些研究人员认为，一个关键因素是，实施善意行为的人必须放弃一些东西来帮助其他人)”和下文的“If I give up my seat to an older person on a crowded tube, she ends up sitting and I standing. I’ve lost out by my kindness. Similarly, if you give up several hours to volunteer, you are sacrificing time to help others.(如果我在拥挤的地铁上给一位老人让座，结果是她坐着而我站着。我的好心让我吃亏了。同样，如果你放弃自己几个小时的时间做志愿者，你也牺牲了时间去帮助别人)”可知，A项(这可能是实际情况。)承接上文，肯定了上文的说法，即做好事是需要付出的，下文举了两个实例进行具体说明。故选A项。 33．根据上文的“If I give up my seat to an older person on a crowded tube, she ends up sitting and I standing. I’ve lost out by my kindness. Similarly, if you give up several hours to volunteer, you are sacrificing time to help others.(如果我在拥挤的地铁上给一位老人让座，结果是她坐着而我站着。我的好心让我吃亏了。同样，如果你放弃自己几个小时的时间做志愿者，你也牺牲了时间去帮助别人)”可知，E项(你并没有直接受益于你的善良。)承接上文，说明了做好事需要付出，却没有得到回报。故选E项。 34．根据上文的“Yet when I offer my seat, or you volunteer your time, we tend to feel a warm glow of self-satisfaction. (然而，当我让座，或者你自愿提供时间时，我们往往会感到一种自我满足的温暖)”和下文的“We can act kindly now, even if it’s at some cost to us, in the knowledge that at some point in the future someone will act in a kind way towards us when we need help. Reciprocity has helped humans to work together, survive for many thousands of years.(我们现在就可以友善地行动，即使要付出一些代价，因为我们知道，在未来的某个时刻，当我们需要帮助的时候，有人会以一种友善的方式对待我们。互惠帮助人类合作，从而生存了几千年)”可知，D项(我们也可以通过互动获益。)承接上文，说明了人们彼此帮助会带来好处，下文指出了好处所在，人们的合作才使得人们人类发展至今。故选D项。 35．根据下文的“Rather, it is a shared, two-way devotion. Only in extreme situations does kindness involve the complete or near complete self sacrifice, such as when people risk their life to save the lives of others. And even in these situations, if the heroes survive, they can personally gain from their action through a huge improvement to their reputation.(在某种程度上，这是一种共享的、双向的奉献。只有在极端情况下，善良才会包括完全或近乎完全的自我牺牲，比如当人们冒着生命危险去拯救别人的生命时。即使在这些情况下，如果英雄们幸存下来，他们也可以从他们的行动中获得巨大的声誉提升)”可知，B项(善良不仅仅是一项活动。)引出下文对善良的更深入的评价，指出善良带来的好处。故选B项。 （八） （23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期末）What makes a healthy relationship? Every relationship is unique, and people come together for many different reasons. Part of what defines a healthy relationship is sharing a common goal. What do you want the relationship to be? 36 ? And that’s something you’ll know only by talking deeply and honestly with your partner. However, there are also some common features of most healthy relationships. Knowing these common principles can help keep your relationship meaningful, fulfilling and exciting whatever goals you’re working towards or challenges you’re facing together. 37 . ●You maintain a meaningful emotional connection with each other. You each make the other feel loved and emotionally fulfilled. There’s a difference between being loved and feeling loved. When you feel loved, it makes you feel accepted and valued by your partner, like someone truly gets you. Some relationships get stuck in peaceful coexistence. 38 . While the union may seem stable on the surface, a lack of ongoing involvement and emotional connection serves only to add distance between two people. ● 39 . Some couples talk things out quietly, while others may raise their voices and passionately disagree. The key in a strong relationship, though, is not to be fearful of conflict. You need to feel safe to express things that bother you without fear of revenge, and be able to resolve conflict without humiliation, degradation (丢脸), or insisting on being right. ●You keep outside relationships and interests alive. Despite the claims of romantic fiction or movies, no one person can meet all of your needs. 40 . To stimulate and enrich your romantic relationship, it’s important to sustain your own identity outside of the relationship, preserve connections with family and friends, and maintain your hobbies and interests. A．When do you establish it B．Where do you want it to go C．You keep away from conflict D．You’re not afraid of disagreement E．However, there are no partners truly relating to each other emotionally F．Here are a few principles that you need obey to make a healthy relationship G．Expecting too much from your partner put unhealthy stress on a relationship 【答案】36．B 37．F 38．E 39．D 40．G 【导语】本文是说明文。探讨了构成健康关系的要素，并提供了一些原则和建议，以帮助读者建立和维护健康的关系。 36．根据前文“Every relationship is unique, and people come together for many different reasons. Part of what defines a healthy relationship is sharing a common goal. What do you want the relationship to be?(每一段关系都是独一无二的，人们走到一起有很多不同的原因。拥有共同的目标是定义一段健康关系的一部分。你希望你们的关系是怎样的?)”以及后文“And that’s something you’ll know only by talking deeply and honestly with your partner.(只有和你的伴侣深入而诚实地交谈，你才能知道这一点)”可知，此处讲述拥有共同的目标是定义一段健康关系的一部分，接着作者用提问的方式来询问共同目标，根据空后的问号，可知空处依旧是相关提问，所以B项“Where do you want it to go(你希望它走向何方)”承接上文文体，下文是处理这些问题的方法。故选B项。 37．根据前文“However, there are also some common features of most healthy relationships. Knowing these common principles can help keep your relationship meaningful, fulfilling and exciting whatever goals you’re working towards or challenges you’re facing together.(然而，大多数健康的关系也有一些共同的特征。了解这些共同的原则可以帮助你们的关系保持有意义、充实和令人兴奋，无论你们正在朝着什么目标努力或共同面临什么挑战)”可知，本段讲述有些原则可以帮助你们的关系保持更好，所以F项“Here are a few principles that you need obey to make a healthy relationship(这里有一些原则，你需要遵守，以建立一个健康的关系)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意，其中principle为同词复现。故选F项。 38．根据前文“Some relationships get stuck in peaceful coexistence.(有些关系陷入了和平共处的困境)”以及后文“While the union may seem stable on the surface, a lack of ongoing involvement and emotional connection serves only to add distance between two people.(虽然这对组合表面上看起来很稳定，但缺乏持续的投入和情感联系只会增加两个人之间的距离)”可知，此处是在描述一种和平共处的困境，看起来很稳定，但其实增加两个人之间的距离，所以E项“However, there are no partners truly relating to each other emotionally(然而，没有伴侣在情感上真正地相互联系)”是对前文的进一步说明，和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文，符合文意。故选E项。 39．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Some couples talk things out quietly, while others may raise their voices and passionately disagree. The key in a strong relationship, though, is not to be fearful of conflict. You need to feel safe to express things that bother you without fear of revenge, and be able to resolve conflict without humiliation, degradation (丢脸), or insisting on being right.(有些夫妻会悄悄地把事情说出来，而另一些人可能会提高嗓门，激烈地反对。然而，保持牢固关系的关键是不要害怕冲突。你需要有安全感来表达困扰你的事情，而不必担心报复，并且能够在没有羞辱、贬低或坚持正确的情况下解决冲突)”可知，本段主要讲述了保持牢固关系的关键是不要害怕冲突，所以D项“You’re not afraid of disagreement(你不怕意见不合)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。 40．根据前文“Despite the claims of romantic fiction or movies, no one person can meet all of your needs.(尽管爱情小说或电影里说得很多，但没有一个人能满足你所有的需求)”可知，G项“Expecting too much from your partner put unhealthy stress on a relationship(对伴侣期望过高会给你们的关系带来不健康的压力)”是对前文的进一步说明，符合文意。故选G项。 （九） （23-24高二上·湖北武汉·期末）When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react. 41 Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding. 42 There is plenty you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, “affect labeling”, or naming your emotions, helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. 43 You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive. 44 When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever. 45 But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity. A．But the external matters too. B．But you often regret reacting. C．I’ve experienced this firsthand. D．There are no silver bullet solutions. E．I have figured out how to deal with this. F．On the one hand, reacting is crucial for our humanity. G．Responding, related to responsibility, is considerate. 【答案】41．G 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了面对改变，反应和回应两种选择的定义以及各自的影响。 41．根据上文“When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react.(面对变化，大多数人会选择两条路中的一条：要么回应，要么反应)”以及后文“Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another.(另一方面，反应的字面意思是用一个动作来应对另一个动作)”可知，后文提到了反应的定义，那么本句是在说明面对变化，选择回应。故G选项“回应，与责任有关，是体贴的”符合语境，故选G。 42．根据上文“Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding.(另一方面，反应的字面意思是用一个动作来应对另一个动作。这是即时的。回应在事件和你所做的事情之间创造了更多的空间。在这个空间里，你给了即时情绪呼吸的空间，你对正在发生的事情有了更好的理解。因此，你很少后悔回应)”可知，上文提到了回应和反应，且提到很少后悔回应，推测本句是在说明会后悔反应。故B选项“但是你经常后悔反应”符合语境，故选B。 43．根据后文“You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive.(你可以做世界上所有的影响标签和冥想。然而，如果你经常生活在反应性的环境中，就很难不变得更加反应性)”可知，后文提到经常生活在反应性的环境中，就很难不变得更加反应性，说明了外部因素的重要性。故A选项“但外部因素也很重要”符合语境，故选A。 44．根据本段内容“When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever.(当我花太多时间在社交媒体上时，我更有可能对我的孩子大吼大叫，感到不安，我的思考能力也会显著下降。然而，我越来越担心，在我们比以往任何时候都更需要人性的时候，不仅仅是我，而是我们的整个文化，让我们变得更加被动)”可知，本段主要叙述了作者关于反应的亲身经历。故C选项“我有过亲身经历”符合语境，故选C。 45．根据后文“But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity.(但明确指出问题所在是重要的第一步。我们也可以通过有意识地创造更敏感的环境来减少反应性。我们可以读纸质书而不是电子版。我们可以不带手机去健身房或散步。如果我们想在这个充满挑战的时代中生存下去，我们就必须设法保持刺激和反应之间的空间，也就是说，我们必须设法保持我们的人性)”可知，后文主要说明了应对反应的方法，且强调了步骤，故本句总起全段，指出没有可以应对这个问题的灵丹妙药。故D选项“没有灵丹妙药”符合语境，故选D。 （十） （23-24高二上·湖南益阳·期末）It’s an invasion! Nope, not an alien invasion-a video game invasion. According to Medicine News Today, more than 150 million people in the United States play video games for at least 3 hours per week. 46 Video games’ negative effects on children’s education. Given the increase in the number of students who are searching for and playing video games. it’s easy for students to switch from educational sites to computer games with newly convenient availability to computers and tablets. Studies from the University of Montreal discovered that playing “shooter” games can harm the hippocampus area of the brain, killing brain cells and make the brain lose cells. 47 For example, increasing the chances of schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and depression. Video games promote violence. A study asked some participants to play violent games in their lab, while others played nonviolent games, then they measured the behavior of each group in social experiments afterward. These studies show that playing violent games results in instant changes to behavior. 48 and even physical injuries, however, people do not know that addiction to playing games can also cause it. 49 Constantly playing video games can deteriorate personal hygiene and cause migraines due to eye strain. Studies show that video game addiction also correlates with depression and substance abuse, which are problems kids should not be facing at such young ages. It’s unhealthy for children to stay indoors looking at a screen all day long. 50 Instead of playing video games all days, however, with video gaming being a popular entertainment method, it’s difficult to realize all the negative effects it causes to the brain and body. So it’s time we take a closer look at these negative effects before mindlessly gaming all day. A．It is not easy to find the bad effects. B．Video games harm children physically. C．Kids should be connected with activities outside. D．Education is affected by playing video games directly. E．Damage to this part of the brain can also have influences. F．Many people know aggressive behavior can be caused by many mental health issues. G．The continuous need to play video games has several negative effects on children’s minds and bodies. 【答案】46．G 47．E 48．F 49．B 50．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电子游戏给孩子身心带来的负面影响。 46．根据上文“It’s an invasion! Nope, not an alien invasion-a video game invasion. According to Medicine News Today, more than 150 million people in the United States play video games for at least 3 hours per week. (这是侵略！不，不是外星人入侵，而是电子游戏入侵。据《今日医学新闻》报道，美国有超过1.5亿人每周至少玩3个小时的电子游戏。)”以及后文“Video games’ negative effects on children’s education. (电子游戏对儿童教育的负面影响。)”可知，上文提到了玩电子游戏的现象，结合后文提到了电子游戏对儿童教育的负面影响，故G选项“持续不断地玩电子游戏对孩子们的身心有一些负面影响。”符合语境，故选G。 47．根据上文“Studies from the University of Montreal discovered that playing “shooter” games can harm the hippocampus area of the brain, killing brain cells and make the brain lose cells. (蒙特利尔大学的研究发现，玩“射击”游戏会伤害大脑的海马体区域，杀死脑细胞，使大脑失去细胞。)”以及后文“For example, increasing the chances of schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and depression. (例如，增加患精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏症和抑郁症的几率。)”可知，上文提到了研究发现射击游戏会损害大脑，后文给出了具体的例子，故本句属于过渡句，指出大脑损伤会产生影响，故E选项“这部分大脑的损伤也会产生影响”符合语境，故选E。 48．根据上文“Video games promote violence. A study asked some participants to play violent games in their lab, while others played nonviolent games, then they measured the behavior of each group in social experiments afterward. These studies show that playing violent games results in instant changes to behavior. (电子游戏助长暴力。一项研究要求一些参与者在他们的实验室里玩暴力游戏，而另一些人玩非暴力游戏，然后他们在之后的社会实验中测量每一组人的行为。这些研究表明，玩暴力游戏会导致行为的瞬间改变。)”以及后文“and even physical injuries, however, people do not know that addiction to playing games can also cause it. (即使是身体上的伤害，人们也不知道沉迷于玩游戏也会造成伤害。)”可知，上文提到了电子游戏助长暴力，后文提到人们也不知道沉迷于玩游戏也会造成伤害，可知本句是在说明人们所知道的关于攻击性行为的知识。故F选项“很多人都知道攻击性行为可能是由许多心理健康问题引起的。”符合语境，故选F。 49．根据本段内容“Constantly playing video games can deteriorate personal hygiene and cause migraines due to eye strain. Studies show that video game addiction also correlates with depression and substance abuse, which are problems kids should not be facing at such young ages. (经常玩电子游戏会恶化个人卫生，还会因眼睛疲劳而导致偏头痛。研究表明，电子游戏成瘾还与抑郁和药物滥用有关，这些都是孩子们在这么小的年龄不应该面对的问题。)”可知，本段的主旨是电子游戏对孩子身体所造成的伤害。故B选项“电子游戏伤害孩子的身体。”符合语境，故选B。 50．上文“It’s unhealthy for children to stay indoors looking at a screen all day long. (孩子们整天呆在室内看屏幕是不健康的。)”提到了孩子们整天呆在室内看屏幕是不健康的，可知孩子要多去户外活动。故C选项“孩子们应该和户外活动联系起来。”符合语境，故选C。 （十一） （23-24高二上·广东汕头·期末）If you get a cotton (棉花) ball out of a brand-new bottle of pills (药片), you may probably wonder what it is used for. This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? 51 The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. 52 It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. Decades later, pill coatings made the cotton balls useless. The coatings on pills ensured they were no longer in danger of breaking apart in the bottle. Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. 53 Why? It had become a custom. According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. 54 They might be an annoyance, surely. But customers have been used to the cotton balls. Many have believed their pills are somehow safer or fresher because of them. 55 The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. It’s said that the cotton can actually draw moisture (潮气) into the bottle. Too much moisture could affect pills’ effect. A．Actually, the idea is not right. B．They’re out of place and harmful. C．Many other companies, though, still kept them in. D．The truth is that it used to have an important function. E．It was the first time that people had found the cotton balls’ secret. F．Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. G．It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. 【答案】51．D 52．G 53．C 54．F 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了药瓶中常常见到的棉球的由来和作用，以及随着药品发展，它仍然被保留下来的原因。 51．前文“This soft ball seemingly only blocks your way to your pills. Adding to the confusion, it’s not any kind of special object. It’s just a common cotton ball. Then what purpose could it possibly serve? (这个柔软的棉球似乎只会挡住你拿药的路。更令人困惑的是，它并不是什么特殊的东西。它只是一个普通的棉球。那它能起到什么作用呢)”引出人们对药片中棉球的作用的困惑，因此D项“The truth is that it used to have an important function. (事实是，它曾经有一个重要的功能)”符合语境，指出棉球曾经有重要的功能，承接前文，其中的function呼应前文的purpose。故选D。 52．前文“The first-ever cotton balls started showing up in pill bottles in the early 1900s. The medical company Bayer was the first one to add them. (20世纪初，第一批棉球开始装在药瓶里出现。医药公司拜耳是第一个添加它们的公司)”介绍棉球的首次使用，后文“It worried that the customers might end up taking too much or too little medicine due to the small pieces. (它担心，由于这些小药片，消费者最终可能会服用过多或过少的药物)”说明该公司的担心，因此G项“It did so to prevent the pills from shaking around and potentially breaking. (这样做是为了防止药片晃动和破裂)”符合语境，解释首次使用棉球的原因，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的Bayer，shaking around and potentially breaking和后文的the small pieces呼应。故选G。 53．前文“Bayer itself actually stopped putting cotton balls in the bottles just decades ago. (实际上，拜耳在几十年前就停止了将棉球装进瓶子里)”介绍拜耳停止使用棉球，后文“Why? It had become a custom. (为什么？这已成为一种习俗)”从习俗的角度对一个问题给出解释，因此C项“Many other companies, though, still kept them in. (然而，许多其他公司仍然保留了它们)”符合语境，介绍有些公司仍然使用棉球，和前文构成转折，引出后文的问题和解释，其中的them指代前文的cotton balls。故选C。 54．前文“According to a report, consumers expected to see the cotton balls there and most didn’t know they were useless. (根据一份报告，消费者期望在那里看到棉球，大多数人不知道它们是无用的)”指出消费者对棉球的期望心理，因此F项“Moreover, many companies thought there was no need to remove them. (此外，许多公司认为没有必要取消它们)”符合语境，指出许多公司认为不必取消棉球，是对前文的补充说明，其中的them指代前文的the cotton balls。故选F。 55．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文“The cotton balls don’t preserve quality or freshness in any way. And in fact, they might have the opposite effect. (棉球无论如何都不能保持质量和新鲜度。事实上，它们可能会产生相反的效果)”说明棉球甚至不利于保持质量和新鲜度，因此A项“Actually, the idea is not right. (实际上，这个想法是不对的)”符合语境，和前一段的最后一句构成转折，契合段落内容。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$