Unit1 Food for thought Using language 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 1 Food for thought Using Language Grammar: Modals 情态动词(1) Activity1: Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Think and work out the meanings of the words in bold. a ...I was able to hold a knife and fork-and chopsticks! b But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. c ... Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! d ... we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies,…. e"You needn't try it if you don't want to," Mum said,… 1 be afraid to do something 2 not be necessary to do something 3 give advice to do or not to do something 4 be necessary or give strong advice to do something 5 have the ability to do something 一、基本特征:情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或情绪，如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。 1.情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形,和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。 She can speak English though she is six. 尽管她才6岁，但她会说英语。 2.情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化（be able to，have to除外）；有些情态动词有过去式，如：can-could，may-might，will-would，dare-dared，have to-had to等。 They must be in the classroom. 他们一定在教室里。 I must go now. 我必须走了。 3. 构成否定句时，not放在其后面。 The young man can’t carry the big stone. 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。 二、基本用法 1.can与be able to都表示能力，在许多情况下可以交替使用。 can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。而如果要表达将来的能力，一般要用will be able to。 This time I failed in the exam，but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time. 这次我考试不及格，但下次考试我能及格。(经过努力) Monkeys can climb trees. 猴子能爬树。（自身能力） — Last year, we _______________(能给) presents to each of the 80 children at a school in our community, and throw a Christmas party for them. This year our goal is to add at least 20 children. — Well done! were able to give 用所给动词的正确形式填空 2.dare意为“胆敢，敢于"，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 (1)dare作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，后接动词原形，否定式为dare not/daren't, 多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……” ①I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我害怕得不敢动。 ②Dare she ring him at the office? 她敢打电话到办公室找他吗？ ③He dare not jump into the river because he is so scared of water. 他不敢跳进河里，因为他怕水。 （2）dare作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，后接带to的不定式，否定式要在其前加don‘t/doesn’t/didn‘t dare to不定式符号to有时可以省略。 — Jim, how _______________ (你怎敢说那话) to your boss? — So what? He's always treating us unfairly. dare you say that 用所给动词的正确形式填空 3.have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/didn’t have to。 It’s too late. I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You don’t have to finish the work now. 你现在没有必要完成这项工作。 （1）have to与must的区别 have to must 强调客观需要 强调主观看法 有多种时态形式 只有一种形式 否定形式表示“不必” 否定形式表示“禁止” I __________attend an important meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。 You ______ obey the rules of your school. 你必须（非得）遵守你们学校的规则。 (2)must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。 用所给动词的正确形式填空 — The concert was wonderful last night. Did you go to it? — No. I would like to have, but I __________________(不得不照顾) my sick baby at home. had to look after have to must ① You’d better get there before it gets dark. 你最好天黑前到那。 ② We’d better not talk so loudly. 我们最好不要这么大声说话。 ③Hadn't the doctor better see him? 医生是不是去看看他比较好？ 4. had better表示建议,劝告。后接动词原形，意为 “最好”, 用于现在或将来时，可用于一切人称，常缩写为 “人称代词（I, You, He，We等）’d better”；没有任何词形变化。 had better 的否定式是在其后加not,疑问式是把had和not 提前。 — What do you think of his advice? — It couldn't be better. You _________________________ (最好接受他的建议). had better take his advice 用所给动词的正确形式填空 5.need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。 ①There’s plenty of time. You needn’t drive so fast. 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。 ②—Need I finish the work today?我需要今天干完这活吗？ —Yes，you must/have to. ——是的，你必须干完。 —— No，you needn’t. ——不用，你不必干完。 注意：由need引起的一般疑问句， 肯定回答常用must或have to； 否定回答常用needn’t。 — I will give a call to Mrs. Brown to tell her the news. — You __________________ (没必要打电话) her because she has already known it. needn't phone / call 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 2. I didn’t know whether he say that to him. 3. You’d better (do) it all by yourself. 4. —Need I hand in my paper now? —Yes，you . 5. You can’t smoke aloud here. Go out of the mall if you _____. Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词或所给动词的正确形式填空 needn’t dared do must must 6. You ______ go to school tomorrow, because it is Saturday. 7. I'm afraid of dark, so I _______ go out alone at night. 8. Although the driver was badly hurt, he __________ explain what had happened. 9. It is raining heavily outside. You ____________ not go out now. 10. The Wangs had planned a trip to Hainan, but because of the heavy rain, they _______ stay at home instead. needn’t dare not was able to had better had to I will in three years. 三年后我将能讲英语。 2. I’m afraid you such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 3. Considering his health condition we_________________. 考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里了。 4. It was raining outside；we . 外面在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。 5. If ，please go outside. 如果你非得抽烟，请到外面去吸。 Ⅱ.完成句子 be able to speak English dare not do had better not let him go there had to stay at home you must smoke Activity 2 (P5)Underline the modals in the an introduction to an app and talk about their meanings. dare not – be afraid to do something needn’t – not be necessary to do something have to – be necessary to do something be able to – have the ability to do something aren’t able to – don’t have the ability to do something had better – give advice to do something have to dare not had better needn’t / don’t have to be able to Activity 3 Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct forms of modals in Activity 1. Goodbye $$