2025届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇导学案

选择性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇学案 1. crucial adj.至关重要的; 关键性的=vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的；充满生机的 [练会]单句语法填空 ①As we all know, water is vital/crucial ____________ keeping every living things alive, without which the world would be a dead place. ②If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital/crucial that we ____________ 　　　　　　　(begin) with small things.  ③As far as I'm concerned, it is vital/crucial ____________(keep) accurate records. [写美]一句多译·背诵 ④我们从失败中吸取教训是至关重要的。 ___________________________________we (should) learn something from failure. =___________________________________________ we (should) learn something from failure. 归纳(1)be vital/crucial to/for... 对……至关重要 It is vital/crucial (for sb) to do sth. 做某事(对某人)是极为重要的。 It is vital/crucial that...(should) do sth. 做某事是至关重要的。(that 从句中谓语要用"should＋动词原形"的形式，should 可以省略) (2) of vital/crucial importance 至关重要的 (3) play a vital/crucial role/part in... 在…中起至关重要的作用 【点津】vital 同义单词集锦: crucial, important, significant 佳句 Besides, it's vital that you should mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party. (应用文之告知信) 此外, 在中国,当你参加晚宴时, 注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。 小结： 说明重要性，必要性的常见句型: 1. It is of great importance/ significance for sb to do sth. 2. Sb. think it extremely important /significant/crucial/vital/essential to do sth. 3. Sb. attach great importance/ significance to doing sth. 4. Sth plays an important role /part in... 5. Sth really counts /matters/value. E.g:①I attach great importance to working out a detailed plan for your study, which can contribute to knowing what to do and when to do it. 我非常重视为你的学习制定一个详细的计划，这有助于你知道该做什么，什么时候做。 ②It is of great significance to keep yourself occupied physically and mentally so that you don't have time to be downcast. 让自己在身体上和精神上都保持忙碌是很重要的，这样你就没有时间沮丧了。 2. commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺 [练会]单句语法填空 ①With the help of their father, the twins were committed to ____________(make) delicious breakfast.  　　 ②He made a commitment to ____________(create) a novel, which made us wild with joy.  ③The most awkward email mistake is usually ____________(commit) in anger.  ④After taking up a position in the community, he has committed ____________(he) to keeping the neighborhood safe. [写美]一句多译·背诵 ⑤由于他全身心投入到科学研究中，他没法腾出时间去度假。 As__________________________________________________________________, he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday. =______________________________, he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday. (分词短语作状语) 归纳(1)commit mistakes/murder/a crime犯错误/犯凶杀罪/犯罪 commit sth to doing sth 投入……做某事 (2)be committed to (doing) sth==be devoted to doing sth致力于(做)某事 (3)make a commitment to (doing) sth 保证/承诺(做)某事 佳句 I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people, my face red with embarrassment. (读后续写之尴尬心理描写) 我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误, 满脸窘得通红。 3. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢acknowledgement n.承认；（公开）感谢；打招呼 [练会]单句语法填空 ①Tom acknowledged ______________________________(defeat) in the English speech competition,which made us quite depressed.(读后续写之情感描写)  ②Lu Xun, ____________(acknowledge) as one of the greatest modern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.  ③He is widely acknowledged ____________(be) the best player in the world.  ④____________is acknowledged that the ocean plays a key role in our planet. [写美]词汇升级·背诵 ⑤I thank my English teacher,without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.(应用文之感谢信) = I ____________my English teacher,without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English. ⑥孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023·全国甲，书面表达) Confucius_______________________ one of the greatest ancient educators in China. =______________________________________Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in China. 归纳:acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事 acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某事是……(常用于被动中) acknowledge that...承认…… It is universally/widely acknowledged that... =as we all know/as is known to us all 大家公认…… 佳句It is universally/widely acknowledged that the self-study room located on the second floor in our school library provides us students with an ideal place for independent and cooperative learning. 位于我们校图书馆二楼的自习室给我们学生提供了一个自主学习和合作学习的理想场所,这是大家公认的。 4. insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求 insistence n.坚持；执着 insistent adj. 坚持的；坚持不懈的 [练会]单句语法填空 ①He insisted on ____________ (walk) me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.(读后续写之情感描写)  ②As a consequence of some solid evidence,the police officer insisted that he 　　　　　　　 _____________(disobey) the traffic rules and ______________(fine). [写美]一句多译·背诵 ③只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体时我们才能保持身心健康。 We can keep physically and mentally healthy only when ____________________________ .(insist on)  =________________________________________________________________________________________________.(用倒装句改写) 归纳:(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 =persist in (doing)sth. =stick to(doing)sth. (2)insist后接that从句时，有两种情况： 1)表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 2)表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句多用陈述语气 E.g: ①I insist that you (should) go with me. ②Some insist that health plays a more important role in our life. 佳句The Students' Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(应用文之通知) 学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。 4. conclusion n.结论;推论 conclude vt.断定;推断出 小结：动词变名词之同款 conclude-----conclusion结论 decide-------decision决定 divide-------division划分 explode-----explosion 爆炸 persuade----persuasion说服 [练会]单句语法填空 ①We can safely draw the____________ (conclude) that more practice is crucial to our daily study.  ②____________conclusion, only with joint efforts can we have a better life tomorrow. ③He concluded his speech ____________a famous saying “Where there is a will, there is a way.” [写美]一句多译·背诵 ④我从自己的经历中得出结论:家庭是生活暴风雨中的救生衣。 (读后续写之亲情升华句) I ________________________that family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.(conclude)  =I___________________________________________________________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 that family is a life jacket in the stormy sea of life.(conclusion) 归纳(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 come to the conclusion that... 得出……的结论 bring sth to a conclusion 结束某事 in conclusion = in a word;in short;in brief;all in all;to sum up 总而言之 (2)conclude...from.../from...that 从……推断出…… conclude sth with sth/by doing sth 以(做)某事结束某事 佳句 When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, applause rang through the hall. 当他圆满结束演讲时,掌声响彻大厅。 6. circumstance n.条件,环境;状况(常用复数) [练会]单句语法填空 ①My partner was ill. Even ____________ the circumstances, he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data, and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.  ②If ______________(circumstance) permit, I will take immediate action to achieve my dream. [写美]微写作·背诵 ③我尴尬极了,我提醒自己绝不会再犯这样的错误了。 Embarrassed,I reminded myself that ________________________would I commit such a mistake again. 归纳under/in the circumstances 在此情况下 under/in no circumstances=at no time ; in no case ; in no way ;on no account ; by no means 决不;无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许 佳句 Under no circumstances should you follow negative information on mass media blindly.(应用文之建议信) 在任何情况下,你都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面信息。 7.come to power上台，当权(表示动作，不能和一段时间连用) be in power掌权，执政 power n.能力;力量;权力powerful adj.强有力的powerless adj.无权的;无能力的 have the power/ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力 beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的 do everything in one’s power to do sth 竭尽全力做… ①Could you tell me when the new president _______________? 你能告诉我新总统是什么时候上台的吗？ ②She had the power___________(control) the situation. ③I am sorry it’s ______________my power to make such a decision. 对不起，我无权做此决定。 ④This kind of animals has some _________ (power) teeth. 佳句 ①If I am offered the opportunity, I’ll do everything in my power to do the job excellently.(申请信结束语） ②To our delight，Professor Li，a famous artist, will be invited to give us a lecture,who will do everything in his power to make the lecture amusing and vivid. (应用文之活动的介绍） 8. consequence n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.因此;结果 形近词：subsequently adv.随后；紧接着；接下来 [练会]单句语法填空 ①Drunk driving has been banned._______________(consequent), the traffic accidents are decreasing.  ②I carelessly got the plan ruined, and _______________consequence I had to face the _______________(consequence).  ③___ consequence of/___ a consequence of her hospital experience, Shelly decided to become a nurse.  [写美]词汇升级·背诵 ④As a result, I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. =________________________, I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. 归纳:1.“由于;因为”短语荟萃： because of; due to; owing to ; on account of ; as a result of; as a consequence of ;in consequence of …+名词或代词/the fact that从句 另外： for the reason that…(但它习惯用于主句之后） E.g: (1) We delayed the match because of the heavy rain. (2) I can’t accompany you to the concert, due to the fact that my grandpa is in hospital. (3) We don’t approve of the plan, for the reason that it is impractical. 2. “结果；因此”短语集锦：as a consequence ; in consequence; as a result 3. of no/little consequence 不重要的,无足轻重的 佳句 My grandfather was under treatment in hospital, and as a consequence/consequently, I have to take care of him.(应用文之道歉信) 我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我得照顾他。 9. objective n.目标，目的 =aim/goal adj. 客观的 subjective adj. 主观的 object n.物体，物品;目标,目的,宗旨;宾语 vi. 反对， 不赞成 objection n. 反对,不赞成 object to doing sth 反对某事 [练会]写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.(2019全国卷七选五） _______________ ②The proposal will go ahead despite strong objections from the public._______________ ③What’s the author’s attitude towards this passage?（阅读理解观点态度题） A. objective _______________ B. subjective C.indifferent D. favorable 重点句型透视 原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine...” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我…… 1.upon/on doing (that)...“一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。 2.“一……就……”的其他表达方式：as soon as,the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly,no sooner...than...，hardly... when...等。 [写美]微写作·背诵 ①Hardly had he heard the conclusion ____________________ he boiled with anger. =___________________________________he boiled with anger.(no sooner...than...) ②一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即忙着通过做爆米花帮助他.(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) ___________________________________________John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...) ③我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________, I sighed in relief. 原句：It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。 it作形式主语的常用句式： It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour＋to do sth It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported...)＋that从句 It be＋形容词(strange, important, vital, obvious, possible...)＋that从句 It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a good idea,no wonder...)＋that从句 It＋不及物动词(occur, happen, seem...)＋that从句 [写美]微写作·背诵 ①我很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文之演讲稿) ________________________________________________________________share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera. ②Apparently, we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most. (2022·全国乙，书面表达) = ________________________we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most. (it作形式主语) ③听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。了解中国的餐桌礼仪是有必要的。(话题写作之传统文化) I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.____________________________________________________________(It is＋adj.＋that...) 佳句 It is a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(应用文之演讲稿)很荣幸能发表演讲,与大家分享我对京剧的看法。 主题阅读 Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power. In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction. During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China. Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. 1．What does the author imply in the first paragraph? A．Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power. B．Peng was actually a very modest person. C．Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants. D．Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field. 2．What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean? A．Focus on B．Know about. C．Turn to. D．Research into. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By following the time order. B．By showing the great importance. C．By providing some similar examples. D．By explaining the process of research. 4．Which of the following is the proper title for the passage? A．China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert B．Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines C．China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert D．A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$