寒假作业04 名词(可数名词和集体名词)的用法-【寒假分层作业】2025年七年级英语寒假培优练（冀教版2024）

专题04 名词(可数名词和集体名词)的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 可数名词的用法 考点二 集体名词的用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 可数名词的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 可数名词的复数形式： （1） 规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s map→maps　bag→bags 以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses    watch→watches wish→wishes  box→boxes (特例:stomach→stomachs) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es baby→babies city→cities country→countries 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeys holiday→holidays toy→toys 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示有生命的词,加-es hero→heroes potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。 表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photos piano→pianos 　以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos video→videos 　以f或fe 结尾的词 　大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-s shelf→shelves    thief→thieves knife→knives     leaf→leaves 特殊 名词 只有复数形式 trousers, glasses(眼镜) clothes, pants, jeans, scissors 　表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese   Japanese→Japanese 　变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen 词尾加-s German→Germans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians 【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s （2）不规则变法： 类别 构成方法 例词 特殊 名词 　改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet      tooth→teeth man→men      mouse→mice woman→women 词尾加-en或-ren  ox→oxen(公牛)   child→children 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, spacecraft, fish(表示鱼的种类多时,fish的复数为fishes) 拓展：当名词作定语时,其单复数形式的使用原则如下: (1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:country music乡村音乐, computer games电脑游戏, boy students男学生, girl friends女性朋友 (2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式。如:clothes store服装店, sports meeting运动会 (3)man 和woman作定语,和后面名词的单复数形式保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男医生,woman teacher→women teachers女老师 1．There are some ________ and ________ on the table. A．potatoes; tea B．chicken; sweets C．porks; tomatoes D．milk; tomatoes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：桌子上有一些土豆和茶叶。 考查名词用法。根据“There are some...and...”可知，本句为There be句型，遵循就近原则，离are近的名词需复数形式，chicken，pork，milk均为不可数名词，be动词用is，故排除选项B、C、D。potatoes为名词复数，故选A。 2．There are many kinds of ________ in the river. You can go ________ there. A．fish; fishing​ B．fishes; fish C．fishes; fishing​ D．fish; to fish 【答案】C 【解析】句意：河里有许多种类的鱼，你可以去那钓鱼。 考查名词的数和动词短语。根据“many kinds of ”可知这里表示很多种类的鱼，“fish”强调种类的时候可数，故这里用复数；根据“You can go”可知这里考查短语go fishing“去钓鱼”。故选C。 3．—Are there any ________ in the picture? —Yes, there are. A．beef B．mutton C．sheep D．cow 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——图中有羊吗？——是的，有。 考查名词词义辨析。beef牛肉，不可数名词；mutton羊肉，不可数名词；sheep羊，可数名词，单复同形；cow奶牛，可数名词单数。根据“Are there any…in the picture?”，结合选项可知，此处应该提问图中有没有羊，该句是there be 句型，此处be动词是are，所以此处填入可数名词复数sheep。故选C。 4．We have ________ in winter. A．snowman B．snowmen C．snowmans D．a snowman 【答案】B 【解析】句意：冬天我们有雪人。 考查名词复数。snowman雪人；snowmen雪人，复数；snowmans错误表达；a snowman一个雪人。根据“We have...in winter.”可知，此处泛指“雪人”，应用其复数形式snowmen。故选B。 5．Some ________ teachers are shopping in that ________ shop. A．women; shoe B．women; shoes C．woman; shoe D．woman; shoes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一些女老师在这个鞋店买鞋子。 考查复合名词的复数及名词用法。women女士，woman的复数形式；shoe鞋子；shoes鞋子的复数。woman与其他名词组合的复合名词，变复数时要两个名词都变，一些女老师“some women teahcers”；名词作定语要用单数形式，shoe shops“鞋店”。故选A。 6．There is going to be a basketball match between ________ and ________ tomorrow morning. A．man teacher; boy students B．men teachers; boy students C．man teacher; boy student D．men teachers; boy student 【答案】B 【解析】句意：明天上午将有一场男老师和男学生之间的篮球赛。 考查复合名词。当man和woman作定语修饰名词表示复数时，man和woman也要变成复数形式men和women，所以“男老师” 的复数形式是“men teachers”。其他名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，所以“男学生”的复数形式是“boy students”。故选B。 7．—Can you bring ________ home after you finish work? —Sure. A．two kilo of pears B．two kilos of pear C．two kilo of pear D．two kilos of pears 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你下班后能带两公斤梨回家吗？——当然。 考查可数名词的数。pear为可数名词，应用复数形式，two接kilo的复数形式，所以两公斤的梨的正确表达是“two kilos of pears”。故选D。 8．I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast. A．egg; bread B．eggs; bread C．bread; egg D．bread; eggs 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我早餐吃一些面包和一个鸡蛋。 考查名词的数。bread“面包”，不可数名词，没有复数形式；egg“鸡蛋”是可数名词，其复数形式是eggs，根据“an”可知，后面接可数名词单数形式，所以是an egg；some后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词，此处接不可数名词bread。故选C。 集体名词的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 集体名词的数 (1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们), police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。 一名警察 a police(×) a policeman/policewoman(√) 一个人 a people(×) a person(√) (2)family, class, team等集体名词作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。 His family has moved to Beijing. 他的一家已经搬到北京去了。 His family are having lunch. 他的家人正在吃午饭。 以-s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。 1．My family often ________ to the restaurant ________ Sunday evening. A．goes; on B．go; on C．go; in 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的家人经常在星期天晚上去餐馆。 考查主谓一致和介词辨析。goes去，动词三单形式；go去，动词原形；on，时间介词，后接具体某一天；in，时间介词，后接年，月。根据“My family often…to the restaurant”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“family”，强调的是家庭成员，作主语，谓语动词应为动词原形；根据“My family often…to the restaurant…Sunday evening.”中的“Sunday evening”可知，是周日晚上，具体的某一天需要用时间介词“on”。故选B。 2．—Our family ________ a cute dog. —Really? ________ your family all love it? A．have; Do B．has; Does C．have; Does D．has; Do 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我们家有一只可爱的狗。——真的么？你全家人都爱它吗？ 考查集体名词。family作集体名词时，常以单数形式出现，侧重整体概念时，表示“整个家庭”，作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式，所以第一空应用has；侧重整体中的成员时，表示“家里的全部成员”，为复数意义，所以疑问句中的助动词用Do。故选D。 3．—How many people are there in your family? —There are ________. A．three peoples B．three people C．three person D．three persons 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你家有几口人？——有三口人。 考查集合名词。people表示“人”时是集合名词，表示的是复数概念，不能在词尾加s；person则指具体的个人，强调个体性。由“How many people are there in your family”可知，此处表示集体概念，应用people。故选B。 4．There are five _________ in the classroom. And each _________ has a book in the hand. A．people; person B．persons; people C．peoples; person D．person; person 【答案】A 【解析】句意：教室里有五个人。每个人手里都拿着一本书。 考查名词辨析。people“人，人们”，集合名词，表示复数含义；person“人”，可数名词；peoples“民族”。five后可用people或persons，each后接单数名词person。故选A。 5．The police _______ looking for the little boy. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】D 【解析】句意：警察正在寻找那个小男孩儿。 考查集合名词和主谓一致。主语police“警察”为集合名词，前面加定冠词the表示多个警察，谓语动词用复数形式，因此be动词用are，故选D。 6．Where ________ the police? A．is B．am C．are 【答案】C 【解析】句意：警察在哪里？ 考查集体名词。“police”警察，集体名词，在句中作主语时，系动词用are。故选C。 7．Tom and I are in the same class. are in . A．We, Class one B．They , Class one C．We , Class One D．Our , Class One 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我和汤姆在同一个班，我们在一班。 考查名词和代词的用法。we我们；they他们；our我们的；Class One一班。代指Tom and I ,并且作为主语，故用代词we。表示班级，开头字母要大写。故选C。 8．There are a few ________ drinking milk in the hill. A．baby sheeps B．baby sheep C．babies sheep D．babies sheeps 【答案】B 【解析】句意：山上有几只绵羊宝宝在喝奶。 考查集合名词。a few“几个”，后面需要跟名词复数。baby sheep是复合名词，变复数时需要把第二个名词变为复数，而sheep“绵羊”是单复数同形，故选B。 一、短文填空 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。无提示词的空格只填一个单词，有提示词的空格填一个或两个单词。 Japanese middle schools begin at about 8:30. On M 1 , at the beginning of each week, there is a morning m 2 before classes begin. It is about 15 minutes. Then classes begin. Each class lasts for 50 m 3 and the students can have a break for 5 to 10 minutes between classes. There are usually four c 4 in the morning. Lunchtime s 5 at 12:30 and lasts for about 40 minutes. At public schools, meals are provided (提供) and the students can carry their meals to their c 6 . They can eat in the classrooms and then clean up after eating. After lunch, the students have 20 minutes to c 7 the classrooms. Then afternoon classes begin. After school, the students can do d 8 club activities. Through club activities, they have the chances to p 9 sport like playing football, or to do interesting activities to help them understand the subjects better. After-school activities are very important in the students’ school life. Some clubs have activities once a week and on some days the students l 10 school after 17:00. 【答案】 1．(M)onday 2．(m)eeting 3．(m)inutes 4．(c)lasses 5．(s)tarts 6．(c)lassrooms 7．(c)lean 8．(d)ifferent 9．(p)ractise/(p)ractice 10．(l)eave 【解析】本文主要讲述了日本中学学生的作息安排。 1．句意：在星期一，每周的开始，在上课之前有一个晨会。根据“at the beginning of each week,”及首字母可知，此处是指星期一，Monday“星期一”。故填(M)onday。 2．句意：在星期一，每周的开始，在上课之前有一个晨会。根据“a morning m... before classes begin.”可知，是指在上课前有一个晨会，meeting“会议”，a后跟名词单数。故填(m)eeting。 3．句意：每节课持续50分钟，学生可以在课间休息5到10分钟。根据“Each class lasts for 50”及首字母可知，是指每节课持续50分钟，50后跟名词复数minutes“分钟”。故填(m)inutes。 4．句意：通常早上有四节课。根据“There are usually four c...”可知，是指有四节课，four后跟名词复数classes“课”。故填(c)lasses。 5．句意：午餐时间从12:30开始，持续约40分钟。根据“at 12:30”及首字母可知，是指午餐开始于12点30，start“开始”，根据“lasts”可知，时态用一般现在时，主语是Lunchtime，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填(s)tarts。 6．句意：在公立学校，提供膳食，学生可以将膳食带到教室。根据“They can eat in the classrooms”可知，是指可以带到教室，空处用名词复数形式classrooms“教室”。故填(c)lassrooms。 7．句意：午饭后，学生们有20分钟的时间来打扫教室。根据“then clean up after eating.”可知，是指午饭后打扫教室，clean“打扫”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填(c)lean。 8．句意：放学后，学生可以参加不同的俱乐部活动。根据“do d... club activities.”可知，是指不同的俱乐部活动，用形容词different“不同的”，作定语。故填(d)ifferent。 9．句意：通过俱乐部活动，他们有机会练习像踢足球这样的运动，或者做有趣的活动来帮助他们更好地理解科目。根据“they have the chances to p... sport like playing football”可知，是指练习运动，practise/practice“练习”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填(p)ractise/(p)ractice。 10．句意：一些俱乐部每周活动一次，在某些日子里，学生在17:00后离开学校。根据“school after 17:00.”可知，是指离开学校，leave“离开”，时态为一般现在时，主语是the students，谓语动词用原形。故填(l)eave。 二、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 In China, people celebrate two birthdays. Some celebrate their birthday on the solar calendar（阴历） 1 others on the lunar calendar. For example（例如）, 2 a man is born on July 31, 1972, his lunar will be on June 21. Chinese think a child’s 3 birthday is very important（重要的）. When a Chinese child turns one year old, the 4 usually put the child in the center of many things（such as a pen, a book, some money and so on）. What things the birthday child 5 can tell his or her future（将来）. If the baby catches 6 , he or she may be rich（富有的）; if the baby takes a book or a pen, he or she may become（成为）a teacher or a 7 . That sounds very interesting. In China, many people like to 8 noodles（面条）on their birthday. They think that long noodles 9 long life. So the mother usually cooks noodles for their children to 10 the birthday child a long life. 1．A．but B．and C．or 2．A．if B．because C．until 3．A．first B．second C．third 4．A．children B．friends C．parents 5．A．sees B．catches C．moves 6．A．books B．pens C．money 7．A．writer B．worker C．actor 8．A．make B．eat C．buy 9．A．draw B．show C．mean 10．A．help B．keep C．wish 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国人关于生日的习俗。 1．句意：有些人庆祝阴历生日，有些人庆祝农历生日。 but但是；and和；or或者。根据“Some celebrate their birthday on the solar calendar”和“others on the lunar calendar”可知，两句话属于并列关系，所以填and。故选B。 2．句意：例如，如果一个人出生于1972年7月31日，那么他的农历生日将在6月21日。 if如果；because因为；until直到。这里是假设，用if。故选A。 3．句意：中国人认为孩子的第一个生日非常重要。 first第一；second第二；third第三。根据下文“When a Chinese child turns one year old”可知，是第一个生日。故选A。 4．句意：当一个中国孩子满一岁时，父母通常把孩子放在很多东西的中心（比如一支笔、一本书、一些钱等等），生日的孩子抓得东西可以预示他或她的未来。 children孩子们；friends朋友们；parents父母。根据该句描述可知，是父母放东西给孩子选。故选C。 5．句意：当一个中国孩子满一岁时，父母通常把孩子放在很多东西的中心（比如一支笔、一本书、一些钱等等），生日的孩子抓得东西可以预示他或她的未来。 sees看见；catches抓住；moves移动。根据下句“If the baby catches”可知，是孩子抓。故选B。 6．句意：如果婴儿抓住了钱，他或她可能会变得富有的；如果婴儿拿了一本书或一支笔，他或她可能会成为老师或作家。 books书；pens钢笔；money钱。根据“he or she may be rich”可知，孩子抓的是钱。故选C。 7．句意：如果婴儿抓住了钱，他或她可能会变得富有的；如果婴儿拿了一本书或一支笔，他或她可能会成为老师或作家。 writer作家；worker工人；actor演员。根据“if the baby takes a book or a pen”可知，钢笔对应的是作家。故选A。 8．句意：在中国，很多人喜欢在生日那天吃面条。 make制作；eat吃；buy买。根据下文“So the mother usually cooks noodles for their children”可知，妈妈做面条，孩子们吃。故选B。 9．句意：他们认为长面条意味着长寿命。 draw画画；show表明；mean意味着。根据下文“a long life”可知，是长面条意味着长寿命。故选C。 10．句意：所以妈妈经常给孩子煮面条祝福寿星长寿。 help帮助；keep保持；wish祝福。这里是祝福寿星长寿。故选C。 三、阅读表达。 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 Zhou Youguang, who created (创造) Chinese Pinyin, died on January 14th 2017, just one day after his 112nd birthday. It took Mr. Zhou and his team three years to create Pinyin in the 1950s. It changed the way we learned Chinese. Before Pinyin was created, 85% of Chinese people could not read, but now almost all can. “Pinyin is a bridge between China and the other countries,” said Zhou. When Zhou was young, he studied in Japan. Later, he worked in a bank in New York. At that time, he made friends with Albert Einstein. He returned to China in 1949 and taught economics (经济学) at a university in Shanghai. A few years later, he helped create Chinese Pinyin. He never stopped writing books, even when he was more than 100 years old. In his life, he published (出版) over 30 books. 1．Zhou Youguang created . 2．It took Mr. Zhou and his team to create Pinyin in the 1950s. 3．Mr. Zhou thought Pinyin was between China and the other countries. 4．When Mr. Zhou worked in a bank in New York, he Albert Einstein. 5．Mr. Zhou never , even when he was more than 100 years old. 【答案】1．Chinese Pinyin 2．three years 3．a bridge 4．made friends with 5．stopped writing books 【解析】本文主要介绍了汉语拼音之父——周有光。 1．根据“Zhou Youguang, who created (创造) Chinese Pinyin”可知他创造了汉语拼音。故填Chinese Pinyin。 2．根据“It took Mr. Zhou and his team three years to create Pinyin in the 1950s”可知周和他的团队花了三年时间创造了拼音。故填three years。 3．根据“Pinyin is a bridge between China and the other countries”可知拼音是中国和其他国家之间的桥梁。故填a bridge。 4．根据“Later, he worked in a bank in New York. At that time, he made friends with Albert Einstein”可知当他在纽约工作时，他和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦交上了朋友。故填made friends with。 5．根据“He never stopped writing books, even when he was more than 100 years old.”可知即使在他100多岁的时候，他也从未停止过写书。故填stopped writing books。 一、补全对话 根据情境，填入适当的单词补全对话，每空一词。 A: Excuse me, Kathy. Do you 1 my ruler? B: No, I don’t. Is it in the bookcase? A: No, it isn’t. Oh, it’s in my schoolbag. Now, where 2 my keys? They are not in my schoolbag. B: 3 on the sofa. A: Oh, yes. Thank you, Kathy. And 4 is my eraser? B: Is it on the sofa? A: No, it isn’t. Oh, it is on the desk. Great! Now, I just need another thing—my notebook. Is it on the desk? B: No, it isn’t. It’s 5 the desk. 【答案】1．see 2．are 3．They’re 4．where 5．under 【解析】本文是一段Kathy帮助A寻找东西的对话。 1．根据下文答语“No, I don’t. Is it in the bookcase?”可知，此处是A询问对方是否看见了尺子；考查see“看见”，动词；空前有助动词“Do”，这里动词用原形。故填see。 2．根据“Now, where … my keys? They are not in my schoolbag.”可知，此处是询问钥匙在哪里；句子时态为一般现在时，主语“my keys”为第三人称复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 3．根据“Now, where … my keys? They are not in my schoolbag.”可知，此处是指钥匙在沙发上；“my keys”为第三人称复数，应用人称代词they“它们”指代，be动词用are，缩写为they’re，句首首字母要大写。故填They’re。 4．根据下文答语“Is it on the sofa?”可知，此处是询问橡皮在哪里，应用特殊疑问词where“在哪里”。故填where。 5．根据上文问句“Is it on the desk?”和上文答语“No, it isn’t.”可知，笔记本不在桌子上面，而在桌子下面；考查under“在……下面”，介词，符合语境。故填under。 二、阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 William Shakespeare (莎士比亚) was a famous English writer of plays and poems. He wrote about 38 plays, 154 short poems and (A) a few long poems in his life. Two of his famous plays are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford, England. Like many people 400 years ago, Shakespeare’s parents didn’t learn to read (B) _______ write. At school he liked plays, so (C) 他决定成为一名演员 when he finished school at fourteen. He married in 1582 and had three children. Shakespeare went to London and joined a theatre company in about 1592. He became a successful actor and began to write plays. Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ enjoyed his works very much. In 1599, the company built the Globe Theatre on the River Thames in London. You can (D) go to see the theatre today, but it isn’t the same building. There (E) _______ a fire in the old theatre. They built it again in 1614 and in the 1990s. (F) William Shakespeare died at the age of fifty-two. He was rich and successful. You can still see his plays in English and in many other languages. He’s famous around the world. 1．写出文中画线部分(A)和(D)的同义词或近义词： 2．在文中(B)和(E)的空白处填入适当的单词： 3．将文中画线部分(C)译成英语： 4．将文中画线部分(F)改写为： William Shakespeare died was fifty-two. 5．从文中找出两个描述莎士比亚的形容词： 【答案】1． some visit 2． or was 3．he decided to be an actor 4．when he 5． famous successful 【解析】本文主要介绍了莎士比亚的生平。 1．a few“几个”，与some“一些”含义相近；go to see“去看”，与visit“参观”含义相近，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填some；visit。 2．根据“Shakespeare’s parents didn’t learn to read ... write.”可知read和write是并列关系，该句为否定句，应用or连接；根据“There ... a fire in the old theatre.”可知该句为there be句型，时态是一般过去时，主语是a fire，be动词应用was。故填or；was。 3．他：he；决定做某事：decide to do sth.；成为一名演员：be an actor；时态是一般过去时，动词decide应用过去式。故填he decided to be an actor。 4．根据“William Shakespeare died at the age of fifty-two.”可知，莎士比亚五十二岁时去世，when“当……时”，用he指代“William Shakespeare”。故填when he。 5．根据“He was rich and successful.”及“He’s famous around the world.”可知，莎士比亚富有、成功且著名，任选两个即可。故填famous；successful。 3． 阅读理解 City Weather Activities New York          Kate is shopping with her mother. She wants to buy a shirt for her father’s birthday. Shanghai          Li Yang is talking with his friend on QQ. They want to go to the movies this afternoon. Moscow          Lisa is visiting the zoo. She likes animals very much. Look! She is feeding the giraffes. Hawaii          Jack is listening to the music and relaxing. He works in New York and he is usually very busy. Now he just wants to have a good rest (休息). 判断句子正A，误B。 1．Kate is talking with her friends now. 2．It’s snowing in Shanghai so Li Yang wants to watch a movie with his friends. 3．Lisa is feeding some giraffes in a zoo in Moscow. 4．Li Yang is talking with his friend on WeChat. 5．Jack is usually very busy but he is listening to music to have a rest now. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 【解析】本文主要列出了四个城市的天气和四个人的活动情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“Kate is shopping with her mother.”可知，Kate正在和她妈妈购物。故答案为B。 2．细节理解题。根据表格第3行上海的天气图片可知，是下雨不是下雪。故答案为B。 3．细节理解题。根据“She is feeding the giraffes.”可知，Lisa在莫斯科喂长颈鹿。故答案为A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Li Yang is talking with his friend on QQ.”可知，李阳和他的朋友在QQ上聊天，不是微信。故答案为B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Jack is listening to the music and relaxing. He works in New York and he is usually very busy. Now he just wants to have a good rest (休息).”可知，Jack通常很忙，但是他现在正听音乐来放松。故答案为A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 名词(可数名词和集体名词)的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 可数名词的用法 考点二 集体名词的用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 可数名词的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 可数名词的复数形式： （1） 规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s map→maps　bag→bags 以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses    watch→watches wish→wishes  box→boxes (特例:stomach→stomachs) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es baby→babies city→cities country→countries 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeys holiday→holidays toy→toys 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示有生命的词,加-es hero→heroes potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。 表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photos piano→pianos 　以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos video→videos 　以f或fe 结尾的词 　大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-s shelf→shelves    thief→thieves knife→knives     leaf→leaves 特殊 名词 只有复数形式 trousers, glasses(眼镜) clothes, pants, jeans, scissors 　表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese   Japanese→Japanese 　变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen 词尾加-s German→Germans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians 【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s （2）不规则变法： 类别 构成方法 例词 特殊 名词 　改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet      tooth→teeth man→men      mouse→mice woman→women 词尾加-en或-ren  ox→oxen(公牛)   child→children 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, spacecraft, fish(表示鱼的种类多时,fish的复数为fishes) 拓展：当名词作定语时,其单复数形式的使用原则如下: (1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:country music乡村音乐, computer games电脑游戏, boy students男学生, girl friends女性朋友 (2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式。如:clothes store服装店, sports meeting运动会 (3)man 和woman作定语,和后面名词的单复数形式保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男医生,woman teacher→women teachers女老师 1．There are some ________ and ________ on the table. A．potatoes; tea B．chicken; sweets C．porks; tomatoes D．milk; tomatoes 2．There are many kinds of ________ in the river. You can go ________ there. A．fish; fishing​ B．fishes; fish C．fishes; fishing​ D．fish; to fish 3．—Are there any ________ in the picture? —Yes, there are. A．beef B．mutton C．sheep D．cow 4．We have ________ in winter. A．snowman B．snowmen C．snowmans D．a snowman 5．Some ________ teachers are shopping in that ________ shop. A．women; shoe B．women; shoes C．woman; shoe D．woman; shoes 6．There is going to be a basketball match between ________ and ________ tomorrow morning. A．man teacher; boy students B．men teachers; boy students C．man teacher; boy student D．men teachers; boy student 7．—Can you bring ________ home after you finish work? —Sure. A．two kilo of pears B．two kilos of pear C．two kilo of pear D．two kilos of pears 8．I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast. A．egg; bread B．eggs; bread C．bread; egg D．bread; eggs 集体名词的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 集体名词的数 (1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们), police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。 一名警察 a police(×) a policeman/policewoman(√) 一个人 a people(×) a person(√) (2)family, class, team等集体名词作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。 His family has moved to Beijing. 他的一家已经搬到北京去了。 His family are having lunch. 他的家人正在吃午饭。 以-s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。 1．My family often ________ to the restaurant ________ Sunday evening. A．goes; on B．go; on C．go; in 2．—Our family ________ a cute dog. —Really? ________ your family all love it? A．have; Do B．has; Does C．have; Does D．has; Do 3．—How many people are there in your family? —There are ________. A．three peoples B．three people C．three person D．three persons 4．There are five _________ in the classroom. And each _________ has a book in the hand. A．people; person B．persons; people C．peoples; person D．person; person 5．The police _______ looking for the little boy. 6．Where ________ the police? A．is B．am C．are 7．Tom and I are in the same class. are in . A．We, Class one B．They , Class one C．We , Class One D．Our , Class One 8．There are a few ________ drinking milk in the hill. A．baby sheeps B．baby sheep C．babies sheep D．babies sheeps 一、短文填空 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。无提示词的空格只填一个单词，有提示词的空格填一个或两个单词。 Japanese middle schools begin at about 8:30. On M 1 , at the beginning of each week, there is a morning m 2 before classes begin. It is about 15 minutes. Then classes begin. Each class lasts for 50 m 3 and the students can have a break for 5 to 10 minutes between classes. There are usually four c 4 in the morning. Lunchtime s 5 at 12:30 and lasts for about 40 minutes. At public schools, meals are provided (提供) and the students can carry their meals to their c 6 . They can eat in the classrooms and then clean up after eating. After lunch, the students have 20 minutes to c 7 the classrooms. Then afternoon classes begin. After school, the students can do d 8 club activities. Through club activities, they have the chances to p 9 sport like playing football, or to do interesting activities to help them understand the subjects better. After-school activities are very important in the students’ school life. Some clubs have activities once a week and on some days the students l 10 school after 17:00. 二、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 In China, people celebrate two birthdays. Some celebrate their birthday on the solar calendar（阴历） 1 others on the lunar calendar. For example（例如）, 2 a man is born on July 31, 1972, his lunar will be on June 21. Chinese think a child’s 3 birthday is very important（重要的）. When a Chinese child turns one year old, the 4 usually put the child in the center of many things（such as a pen, a book, some money and so on）. What things the birthday child 5 can tell his or her future（将来）. If the baby catches 6 , he or she may be rich（富有的）; if the baby takes a book or a pen, he or she may become（成为）a teacher or a 7 . That sounds very interesting. In China, many people like to 8 noodles（面条）on their birthday. They think that long noodles 9 long life. So the mother usually cooks noodles for their children to 10 the birthday child a long life. 1．A．but B．and C．or 2．A．if B．because C．until 3．A．first B．second C．third 4．A．children B．friends C．parents 5．A．sees B．catches C．moves 6．A．books B．pens C．money 7．A．writer B．worker C．actor 8．A．make B．eat C．buy 9．A．draw B．show C．mean 10．A．help B．keep C．wish 三、阅读表达。 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 Zhou Youguang, who created (创造) Chinese Pinyin, died on January 14th 2017, just one day after his 112nd birthday. It took Mr. Zhou and his team three years to create Pinyin in the 1950s. It changed the way we learned Chinese. Before Pinyin was created, 85% of Chinese people could not read, but now almost all can. “Pinyin is a bridge between China and the other countries,” said Zhou. When Zhou was young, he studied in Japan. Later, he worked in a bank in New York. At that time, he made friends with Albert Einstein. He returned to China in 1949 and taught economics (经济学) at a university in Shanghai. A few years later, he helped create Chinese Pinyin. He never stopped writing books, even when he was more than 100 years old. In his life, he published (出版) over 30 books. 1．Zhou Youguang created . 2．It took Mr. Zhou and his team to create Pinyin in the 1950s. 3．Mr. Zhou thought Pinyin was between China and the other countries. 4．When Mr. Zhou worked in a bank in New York, he Albert Einstein. 5．Mr. Zhou never , even when he was more than 100 years old. 一、补全对话 根据情境，填入适当的单词补全对话，每空一词。 A: Excuse me, Kathy. Do you 1 my ruler? B: No, I don’t. Is it in the bookcase? A: No, it isn’t. Oh, it’s in my schoolbag. Now, where 2 my keys? They are not in my schoolbag. B: 3 on the sofa. A: Oh, yes. Thank you, Kathy. And 4 is my eraser? B: Is it on the sofa? A: No, it isn’t. Oh, it is on the desk. Great! Now, I just need another thing—my notebook. Is it on the desk? B: No, it isn’t. It’s 5 the desk. 二、阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 William Shakespeare (莎士比亚) was a famous English writer of plays and poems. He wrote about 38 plays, 154 short poems and (A) a few long poems in his life. Two of his famous plays are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford, England. Like many people 400 years ago, Shakespeare’s parents didn’t learn to read (B) _______ write. At school he liked plays, so (C) 他决定成为一名演员 when he finished school at fourteen. He married in 1582 and had three children. Shakespeare went to London and joined a theatre company in about 1592. He became a successful actor and began to write plays. Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ enjoyed his works very much. In 1599, the company built the Globe Theatre on the River Thames in London. You can (D) go to see the theatre today, but it isn’t the same building. There (E) _______ a fire in the old theatre. They built it again in 1614 and in the 1990s. (F) William Shakespeare died at the age of fifty-two. He was rich and successful. You can still see his plays in English and in many other languages. He’s famous around the world. 1．写出文中画线部分(A)和(D)的同义词或近义词： 2．在文中(B)和(E)的空白处填入适当的单词： 3．将文中画线部分(C)译成英语： 4．将文中画线部分(F)改写为： William Shakespeare died was fifty-two. 5．从文中找出两个描述莎士比亚的形容词： 3． 阅读理解 City Weather Activities New York          Kate is shopping with her mother. She wants to buy a shirt for her father’s birthday. Shanghai          Li Yang is talking with his friend on QQ. They want to go to the movies this afternoon. Moscow          Lisa is visiting the zoo. She likes animals very much. Look! She is feeding the giraffes. Hawaii          Jack is listening to the music and relaxing. He works in New York and he is usually very busy. Now he just wants to have a good rest (休息). 判断句子正A，误B。 1．Kate is talking with her friends now. 2．It’s snowing in Shanghai so Li Yang wants to watch a movie with his friends. 3．Lisa is feeding some giraffes in a zoo in Moscow. 4．Li Yang is talking with his friend on WeChat. 5．Jack is usually very busy but he is listening to music to have a rest now. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$